DOCSLIB.ORG

In Angola and a New Southernmost Record for the Genus

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
In Angola and a New Southernmost Record for the Genus Herpetology Notes, volume 11: 337-341 (2018) (published online on 22 April 2018) The genus Osteolaemus (Crocodylidae) in Angola and a new southernmost record for the genus Luis M. P. Ceríaco1,2,*, Sango dos Anjos Carlos de Sá3, Aaron M. Bauer1 Abstract. African Dwarf Crocodiles (genus Osteolaemus) are West and Central Africa endemics with a distribution extending from Senegal to Angola. In Angola the genus is only known to occur north of the lower Congo River in the Cabinda enclave, based on 19th century records. No modern specimens have been documented, despite its anecdotal occurrence in other parts of the country. We provide the first confirmed record of Osteolaemus (probably O. osborni) in “mainland” Angola based on a vagrant individual believed to have come from the Kwanza River system. This constitutes the southernmost record for Osteolaemus in Africa, by approximately 400 km. More information is needed to assess the systematic and conservation status of Dwarf Crocodiles in Angola, but the bushmeat and leather trades are likely sources of threat to Osteolaemus throughout their range Keywords: Osteolaemussp., Angola, Kwanza River, Distribution, Conservation Introduction The African Dwarf Crocodiles, genus Osteolaemus Cope, 1861, are endemic to West and Central Africa, occurring from Senegal to the northwestern borders of Angola, east to the Central Africa Republic and the north and central parts of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Eaton et al., 2009). The genus was long considered monotypic, with Osteolaemus tetraspis Cope, 1861 described on the basis of a single specimen from the Ogobai (currently Ogooué) River Basin in Gabon. Schmidt (1919), based on specimens from the Congo Basin, described a new genus and species closely related to Ostelolaemus which he named Osteoblepharon osborni. Werner (1933), Mertens (1943) and Inger (1948), 1 Department of Biology, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085-1699, USA. 2 Departamento de Zoologia e Antropologia (Museu Bocage), Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência, Universidade de Lisboa, Rua da Escola Politécnica 58, 1269- 102 Lisboa, Portugal. 3 Departamento de Gestão da Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional Figure 1. Map of the localities with confirmed records of da Biodiversidade e Áreas de Conservação, Ministério do Osteolaemus sp. in Angola (purple dots), the new record Ambiente de Angola, Centralidade do Kilamba, Rua 26 presented here (Yellow star-centred dot), release area of the de Fevereiro, quarteirão Nimi ya Lukemi, edifício Q11, 3º specimen, and other relevant localities cited in the text (black andar, Angola. dots). Green area and rivers represent the Congo River Basin, * Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Red the Kwanza River Basin, and Blue smaller coastal rivers. 338 Luis M. P. Ceríaco et al. Figure 2. View of a diorama representing the Kwanza River area in the Natural History Museum of Luanda, with stuffed specimens of two Osteolaemus sp. (far left and right) and a juvenile Crocodylus niloticus in the middle. The installation and arrangement of these dioramas date back to the pre-independence era (before 1975). Photo by L.M.P. Ceríaco. however, all considered Osteoblepharon as a junior extending to the northwestern Angolan province of synonym of Osteolaemus, although they maintained Zaire. However, the distribution of the first two species osborni as a full species. Wermuth (1953) treated from eastern Ghana to eastern Nigeria were considered osborni as a subspecies of O. tetraspis, an opinion that unknown and there were no molecular samples from has been accepted until very recently. Ray et al. (2001) south of southern Gabon. provided the first molecular evidence of high levels of Data on the distribution of the genus in Angolan genetic variability within Osteolaemus, suggesting that territory is extremely limited and derive from 19th more detailed studies would clarify the taxonomy of century of records of Osteolaemus sp. from the Cabinda the group. Based on skull morphology, Brochu et al. enclave (Bocage, 1866; Peters, 1877), and no confirmed (2007) elevated O. osborni to species level again. Eaton records exists for either O. tetraspis or O. osborni in et al. (2009a) provided a baseline molecular phylogeny Angola south of the Congo River (Figure 1; see also of the genus based on extensive sampling across West Pooley, 1982; Thorbjarnarson 1992). In the dioramas of and Central Africa using three mitochondrial and two the Natural History Museum of Luanda there are several nuclear genes. Their findings pointed to the existence mounted specimens of Osteolaemus sp., which are of three distinct lineages within the genus. These labelled as being from the Kwanza River Basin (Figure findings have since been corroborated by Eaton et al. 2). However, the catalogues of the museum were lost in (2009b), Shirley and Eaton (2010), Franke et al. (2012) the 1990s during an inundation of the museum stores, and Shirley et al. (2014a,b). Supported by molecular and, therefore, no more precise data exist for these analyses of newly collected samples. Smolensky et al. specimens. (2015) presented more detailed data on the distribution Data on the distribution of other crocodilians in of the three Osteolaemus lineages. According to their mainland Angola is also limited, especially when one results the undescribed Osteolaemeus lineage occurs takes into consideration the area of the country and the in West Africa, west of the Ogooué Basin (Senegal, vast river basins that drain it. Two species are currently Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory confirmed to occur in mainland Angola – Crocodylus Coast and Ghana), O. tetraspis occurs in the Ogooué niloticus Laurenti, 1768 (see Bocage, 1866, 1867, 1895; Basin, including parts of Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Peters, 1877; Ferreira, 1903; Monard, 1937; Hellmich, Guinea, Gabon, Republic of the Congo and Angola’s 1957; Branch and McCartney, 1992; Ceríaco et al., Cabinda enclave, and O. osborni is restricted to the 2014; Marques, 2015; Branch and Conradie, 2015; Congo Basin, especially in the southeastern areas of Conradie et al., 2016) and Mecistops cf. catraphactus Cameroon, northwestern tip of Gabon, eastern half (Cuvier 1825) (see Peters, 1877; Bocage, 1895; Laurent, of the Republic of the Congo, all northern and central 1964; Marques, 2015). Whereas the first species has an regions of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and extensive distribution throughout the country, being The genus Osteolaemus in Angola and a new southernmost record for the genus 339 receives debris carried by the outflow of the Kwanza River, and it is likely that this crocodile followed the same path. It is highly improbable that the specimen came from the inland side of the bay, as the area is extremely urbanized and unsuitable for crocodilian populations. We also believe that it is unlikely that the Mussulo animal represents an escaped animal imported from north of the Congo for the bushmeat or handicraft trade. While some crocodile leather products, including those derived from Osteolaemus, are sold in the informal markets of Angola by Congolese nationals (see below), we presume that those reaching Luanda typically do so as raw or processed skins. Figure 3. Live specimen of Osteolaemus cf. osborni collected Results and Discussion in Mussulo, Angola. Photo by Sango dos Anjos Carlos de Sá. Morphological identification of O. tetraspis and O. osborni is difficult as no diagnostic external characters have yet been found to clearly separate the two taxa known from nine provinces (Cabinda, Lunda Norte, (de Boer, 2010). However, we tentatively identify Luanda, Malanje, Kwanza Sul, Benguela, Cunene, the Mussulo animal as O. osborni, as this species is Cuando Cubango; Pooley et al., 1982; Marques, 2015), expected to occur in the Zaire region (Smolensky et al., the latter is only known to occur in Cabinda and Lunda 2015). However, a more definitive identification can Norte provinces (Pooley et al., 1982) and Angolan only be made with the collection of fresh samples for populations have been considered by Shirley et al. genetic analysis. (2014a,b) and Grigg and Kirshner (2015) to represent Regardless of the specific identity of the Mussulo an undescribed species. In this paper we provide the crocodile, this record represents not only the first first confirmed record of an African Dwarf Crocodile “mainland” Angolan record for the genus, but also the in Angola south of the Congo, and briefly discuss its southernmost record of the genus in Africa, extending conservation implications. the range approximately 400 km southward from the limit of O. tetraspis in Cabinda and nearly as far from Materials and methods the predicted (Smolensky et al., 2015), but unvouchered, On 30 December 2015, one of us (SACS) was called range limit of O. osborni in Zaire Province. Although the by the local authorities to rescue a live adult specimen Kwanza River is the largest river in Angola and was an of an Africa Dwarf Crocodile at a beach in the Mussulo important navigation route during Portuguese colonial region (-8.8687ºN, 13.1528ºE; Figure 1), Angola. The times, its biodiversity remains very poorly explored. specimen was in good physical condition and did not This is also true for the northwestern parts of the country, exhibit any evidence of epizoic marine organisms. where the number of records for both amphibians and Mussulo is a peninsula south of Luanda, about 30 km reptiles is minimal. However, given this region’s climatic long and approximately 70 m wide at is base and 1.5 and vegetative similarities to southwestern Congo, it is km wide at its widest. It lies about 30 km north of the expected that many of the species occurring there also Kwanza River mouth and was formed from sediments extend into Angola. Recent fieldwork carried out during from the river swept north by the Benguela Current. environmental impact studies at two hydroelectric The peninsula forms a shallow, narrow bay fronting the dam sites on the Kwanza River in Malanje Province southern outskirts of Luanda.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Okavango River Basin Groundwater Overview
    Okavango River Basin Groundwater Overview Specialist Report prepared by Interconsult Namibia for : PERMANENT OKAVANGO RIVER BASIN COMMISSION Angola Botswana Namibia Ministério da Energia e Águas Ministry of Mineral Resources and Water Affairs Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Rural Development GABHIC Department of Water Affairs Department of Water Affairs Cx. P. 6695 Private Bag 0029 Private Bag 13193 LUANDA GABORONE WINDHOEK Tel: +244 2 393 681 Tel: +267 360 7100 Tel: +264 61 296 9111 Fax: +244 2 393 687 Fax: +267 303508 Fax: +264 61 232 861 PERMANENT OKAVANGO RIVER BASIN COMMISSION (OKACOM) OKAVANGO RIVER BASIN PREPARATORY ASSESSMENT: GROUNDWATER OVERVIEW Report prepared by: Interconsult Namibia (Pty) Ltd P. O. Box 20690 Windhoek With input from Wellfield Consulting Services, and E. Bereslawski March 1999 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1. BACKGROUND.............................................................................................................. 1 1.2. TERMS OF REFERENCE ................................................................................................ 1 2 OVERVIEW OF THE GEOHYDROLOGY OF THE BASIN .............................................. 2 2.1 BASIN GEOLOGY.............................................................................................................. 2 2.2 GEOHYDROLOGY OVERVIEW ...........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Country Profile Republic of Zambia Giraffe Conservation Status Report
    Country Profile Republic of Zambia Giraffe Conservation Status Report Sub-region: Southern Africa General statistics Size of country: 752,614 km² Size of protected areas / percentage protected area coverage: 30% (Sub)species Thornicroft’s giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis thornicrofti) Angolan giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis angolensis) – possible South African giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis giraffa) – possible Conservation Status IUCN Red List (IUCN 2012): Giraffa camelopardalis (as a species) – least concern G. c. thornicrofti – not assessed G. c. angolensis – not assessed G. c. giraffa – not assessed In the Republic of Zambia: The Zambia Wildlife Authority (ZAWA) is mandated under the Zambia Wildlife Act No. 12 of 1998 to manage and conserve Zambia’s wildlife and under this same act, the hunting of giraffe in Zambia is illegal (ZAWA 2015). Zambia has the second largest proportion of land under protected status in Southern Africa with approximately 225,000 km2 designated as protected areas. This equates to approximately 30% of the total land cover and of this, approximately 8% as National Parks (NPs) and 22% as Game Management Areas (GMA). The remaining protected land consists of bird sanctuaries, game ranches, forest and botanical reserves, and national heritage sites (Mwanza 2006). The Kavango Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area (KAZA TFCA), is potentially the world’s largest conservation area, spanning five southern African countries; Angola, Botswana, Namibia, Zambia and Zimbabwe, centred around the Caprivi-Chobe-Victoria Falls area (KAZA 2015). Parks within Zambia that fall under KAZA are: Liuwa Plain, Kafue, Mosi-oa-Tunya and Sioma Ngwezi (Peace Parks Foundation 2013). GCF is dedicated to securing a future for all giraffe populations and (sub)species in the wild.
    [Show full text]
  • Carrying Forward Cabinda's Legacy of Progress
    South China Morning Post SPECIAL REPORT INSIDE EIGHT-PAGE SPONSORED SECTION IN CO-OPERATION WITH ASIA BUSINESS UNIT LTD. AT A As economic development begins to take off in earnest in this GLANCE northern Angolan province, and as its oil production is stepped up, it is clear that this is the right moment for China to explore and enhance its relations with and participation in Cabinda CabindaFor further information contact: 1-7 Harley Street, London W1G 9QD - Tel: +44 207 291 4402 - Fax: +44 207 636 8789 - [email protected] - www.asiabusinessunit.com Carrying forward Oil-rich Angola grows Cabinda’s legacy LOCATION: of progress An enclave of Angola, separated from the stronger and more stable CABINDA’S PROVINCIAL Gover- province, in which its consid- mainland by the nor, Mawete João Baptista, erable mineral wealth is now Democratic Republic of has been on the job since No- being used to improve the Congo and the Congo vember, 2009, and has spent lives of the region’s people. In River the time since he moved into the time since the agreement the position getting to know was signed, Cabinda has CAPITAL: each and every day the region, its local leaders, made great strides in that di- Cabinda City and the problems that need to rection, but more must be POPULATION: ANGOLA has the potential to be one be dealt with to continue the done and Cabindans need to Approximately of Africa’s richest, most successful work of improving the lives of do their part with a feeling of 300,000, of which half countries.
    [Show full text]
  • See the Itinerary Here
    A pioneering expedition to the Cuito River region in southeastern Angola. This expedition will be the first of its kind into Angola exploring the remote Cuito River system and will essentially open the way for tourism into one of Africa’s last wilderness frontiers. There is no better way to experience a true African Safari Expedition than in the comfort and privacy of your own exclusive mobile safari camp. An exploratory journey through the wilderness with the intimacy and flexibility of your own camp, guide, boats, helicopter and staff compliment. We will move our partner mobile rig (operated by Botswana based Beagle Expeditions) and staff, keeping our high standards of service the same. • 8 night Angolan Expedition • Fully inclusive • Minimum 4 / Maximum 4 persons • Private helicopter use of more than 30 hours • Possibility of collaring three elusive Angolan elephants • Led by specialist guide Simon Byron Day 1 Day 6 • Arrival at the Cuito Cuanavale airport • Fly on to the upper Cuito River base camp. • Morning Battle field tour of Cuito Cuanavale and Lomba batlle Field. • Helicopter flight to the Cuando River in the Bico area. • Afternoon boat cruise. • Exploration of the Luiana. (Luiana fly camp) Day 2 Day 7 • Full day helicopter exploration over the source lakes, with fly • Morning helicopter exploration of the Luiana and Cuando River system camp at Cuanavale Source Lake. and visit to Jamba, Jonas Savimbi’s UNITA base. Afternoon boat cruise Days 3 on the Cuito River • Morning helicopter exploration down the Cuanavale River Day 8 in search of elusive elephant. • Morning helicopter exploration of lower Cuito and vast wilderness area • Afternoon walk.
    [Show full text]
  • The Herpetofauna of the Cubango, Cuito, and Lower Cuando River Catchments of South-Eastern Angola
    Official journal website: Amphibian & Reptile Conservation amphibian-reptile-conservation.org 10(2) [Special Section]: 6–36 (e126). The herpetofauna of the Cubango, Cuito, and lower Cuando river catchments of south-eastern Angola 1,2,*Werner Conradie, 2Roger Bills, and 1,3William R. Branch 1Port Elizabeth Museum (Bayworld), P.O. Box 13147, Humewood 6013, SOUTH AFRICA 2South African Institute for Aquatic Bio- diversity, P/Bag 1015, Grahamstown 6140, SOUTH AFRICA 3Research Associate, Department of Zoology, P O Box 77000, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth 6031, SOUTH AFRICA Abstract.—Angola’s herpetofauna has been neglected for many years, but recent surveys have revealed unknown diversity and a consequent increase in the number of species recorded for the country. Most historical Angola surveys focused on the north-eastern and south-western parts of the country, with the south-east, now comprising the Kuando-Kubango Province, neglected. To address this gap a series of rapid biodiversity surveys of the upper Cubango-Okavango basin were conducted from 2012‒2015. This report presents the results of these surveys, together with a herpetological checklist of current and historical records for the Angolan drainage of the Cubango, Cuito, and Cuando Rivers. In summary 111 species are known from the region, comprising 38 snakes, 32 lizards, five chelonians, a single crocodile and 34 amphibians. The Cubango is the most western catchment and has the greatest herpetofaunal diversity (54 species). This is a reflection of both its easier access, and thus greatest number of historical records, and also the greater habitat and topographical diversity associated with the rocky headwaters.
    [Show full text]
  • Master of the Marsh Information for Cart
    Mighty MikeMighty Mike:Mike: The Master of the Marsh A story of when humans and predators meet Alligators are magnificent predators that have lived for millions of years and demonstrate amazing adaptations for survival. Their “recent” interaction with us demonstrates the importance of these animals and that we have a vital role to play in their survival. Primary Exhibit Themes: 1. American Alligators are an apex predator and a keystone species of wetland ecosystems throughout the southern US, such as the Everglades. 2. Alligators are an example of a conservation success story. 3. The wetlands that alligators call home are important ecosystems that are in need of protection. Primary Themes and Supporting Facts 1. Alligators are an apex predator and, thus, a keystone species of wetland ecosystems throughout the southern US, such as the Everglades. a. The American Alligator is known as the “Master of the Marsh” or “King of the Everglades” b. What makes a great predator? Muscles, Teeth, Strength & Speed i. Muscles 1. An alligator has the strongest known bite of any land animal – up to 2,100 pounds of pressure. 2. Most of the muscle in an alligators jaw is intended for biting and gripping prey. The muscles for opening their jaws are relatively weak. This is why an adult man can hold an alligators jaw shut with his bare hands. Don’t try this at home! ii. Teeth 1. Alligators have up to 80 teeth. 2. Their conical teeth are used for catching the prey, not tearing it apart. 3. They replace their teeth as they get worn and fall out.
    [Show full text]
  • Southern Africa • Angola/DRC Expulsions Regional Situation Report No
    Southern Africa • Angola/DRC Expulsions Regional Situation Report No. 2 22 October 2009 This report was issued by the Regional Office of Southern Africa. It covers the period from 11 to 22 October 2009. The next report will be issued within the next two weeks. I. HIGHLIGHTS/KEY PRIORITIES • Representatives of the Angolan and Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) Governments met in Kinshasa on 13 October 2009, and publicly regretted the recent ‘migration incidents’ between the two countries. A joint Communiqué released on the same day called for the immediate cessation of expulsions between the two neighbors. • Despite the Communiqué, humanitarian actors on the ground report that the expulsions are continuing1. Angola • The number of Angolan nationals expelled from DRC had reached 39,000, according to the Angolan Ministry of Social Affairs and Reintegration’s (MINARS) last available estimate as of 17 October 2009. These include an undetermined but perhaps significant numbers of refugees. • MINARS and UN agencies (including UNFPA, UNICEF, UNHCR, IOM and WHO) undertook a needs assessment from 15 to 21 October 2009 in M’banza Congo in Zaire Province, and also delivered relief supplies. • The locations where populations are to be temporarily relocated do not contain landmines, according to National Mine Action authority (CNIDAH) in Angola. • The Angolan Red Cross and Save the Children have also carried out assessments in the affected areas. • MINARS and the Governor of Zaire Province have requested UNHCR to provide thousands of tents and other emergency non-food items. Democratic Republic of Congo • The number of DRC nationals expelled from Angola has significantly subsided in both Kasai and Bandundu provinces, but remained high in Bas-Congo Province, growing from 2,000 in July 2009 to 18,000 in September 2009.
    [Show full text]
  • Angola Background Paper
    NATIONS UNIES UNITED NATIONS HAUT COMMISSARIAT HIGH COMMISSIONER POUR LES REFUGIES FOR REFUGEES BACKGROUND PAPER ON REFUGEES AND ASYLUM SEEKERS FROM ANGOLA UNHCR CENTRE FOR DOCUMENTATION AND RESEARCH GENEVA, APRIL 1999 THIS INFORMATION PAPER WAS PREPARED IN THE COUNTRY INFORMATION UNIT OF UNHCR’S CENTRE FOR DOCUMENTATION AND RESEARCH ON THE BASIS OF PUBLICLY AVAILABLE INFORMATION, ANALYSIS AND COMMENT, IN COLLABORATION WITH THE UNHCR STATISTICAL UNIT. ALL SOURCES ARE CITED. THIS PAPER IS NOT, AND DOES NOT, PURPORT TO BE, FULLY EXHAUSTIVE WITH REGARD TO CONDITIONS IN THE COUNTRY SURVEYED, OR CONCLUSIVE AS TO THE MERITS OF ANY PARTICULAR CLAIM TO REFUGEE STATUS OR ASYLUM. PREFACE Angola has been an important source country of refugees and asylum-seekers over a number of years. This paper seeks to define the scope, destination, and causes of their flight. The first and second part of the paper contains information regarding the conditions in the country of origin, which are often invoked by asylum-seekers when submitting their claim for refugee status. The Country Information Unit of UNHCR's Centre for Documentation and Research (CDR) conducts its work on the basis of publicly available information, analysis and comment, with all sources cited. In the third part, the paper provides a statistical overview of refugees and asylum-seekers from Angola in the main European asylum countries, describing current trends in the number and origin of asylum requests as well as the results of their status determination. The data are derived from government statistics made available to UNHCR and are compiled by its Statistical Unit. Table of Contents 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Spatiotemporal Patterns and Drivers of Surface Water Quality and Landscape Change in a Semi-Arid, Southern African Savanna
    Spatiotemporal Patterns and Drivers of Surface Water Quality and Landscape Change in a Semi-Arid, Southern African Savanna John Tyler Fox Dissertation submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy In Fisheries and Wildlife Kathleen A. Alexander Adil N. Godrej Emmanuel A. Frimpong Stephen P. Prisley May 16, 2016 Blacksburg, VA Keywords: (Escherichia coli, fecal indicator bacteria, water quality modeling, microbial fate, pollution, remote sensing, savanna disturbance ecology, land cover change, climate change, fire frequency, water-borne pathogens, wildlife, erosion, dryland rivers, water quality, Africa, ecosystem services) Copyright © 2016 J. Tyler Fox Spatiotemporal Patterns and Drivers of Surface Water Quality and Landscape Change in a Semi-Arid, Southern African Savanna John Tyler Fox Abstract The savannas of southern Africa are a highly variable and globally-important biome supporting rapidly-expanding human populations, along with one of the greatest concentrations of wildlife on the continent. Savannas occupy a fifth of the earth’s land surface, yet despite their ecological and economic significance, understanding of the complex couplings and feedbacks that drive spatiotemporal patterns of change are lacking. In Chapter 1 of my dissertation, I discuss some of the different theoretical frameworks used to understand complex and dynamic changes in savanna structure and composition. In Chapter 2, I evaluate spatial drivers of water quality declines in the Chobe River using spatiotemporal and geostatistical modeling of time series data collected along a transect spanning a mosaic of protected, urban, and developing urban land use. Chapter 3 explores the complex couplings and feedbacks that drive spatiotemporal patterns of land cover (LC) change across the Chobe District, with a particular focus on climate, fire, herbivory, and anthropogenic disturbance.
    [Show full text]
  • Angola Humanitarian Situation Report – January to June 2018
    UNICEF Angola Humanitarian Situation Report – January to June 2018 ANGOLA Humanitarian Situation Report UNICEF operated child-friendly space and training facilities at Lóvua settlement centre. ©UNICEF/©UNICEF/2018.2017/Luis Social Mobilizers training on cholera prevention and response. SITUATION IN NUMBERS Highlights 890 Suspected cases of cholera in Uige, Cabinda 890 suspected cases of cholera, including 15 deaths, were and Luanda reported from January to June in Uige, Cabinda and Luanda (includes 15 deaths) (27 June Cholera Bulletin, Ministry of Health) Provinces. Throughout the year, 1,250 mobilizers were trained on cholera 700,000 prevention in Uige and Luanda’s cholera affected communities People estimated to be in need of clean through door-to-door visits, reaching over 185,000 people. drinking water 42,587 children under the age of 5 years have been screened for (Projection for 2018 based on 2017 malnutrition and 9,843 were admitted for severe acute Vulnerability Assessment Committee SADC) malnutrition (SAM) treatment from January to June in UNICEF- and 35,622 refugees (Biometric Registration supported outpatient and inpatient treatment centers in drought Update as of 18 June 2018, UNHCR) affected municipalities. 408,100 A cumulative total of 980 household latrines and showers built in Children estimated to be in need of clean the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) refugee settlement drinking water* (2017 Vulnerability of Lovua, of which 83 are for vulnerable families. Assessment Committee SADC) The 2018 Humanitarian Action for Children (HAC) has a including 18,678 refugee children (Biometric substantial funding gap of 80 per cent which will impact UNICEF Registration Update as of 15 April, UNHCR) response in the next six months, namely in terms of child protection in the refugee response, access to education services 43,000 and cholera case management.
    [Show full text]
  • 5.Present Status and Issues of the Target Ports 5-15 5.2 Port of Lobito
    THE STUDY ON URGENT REHABILITATION PROGRAM OF PORTS IN THE REPUBLIC OF ANGOLA - FINAL REPORT - 5.Present Status and Issues of the Target Ports 5.2 Port of Lobito 5.2.1 Overview Port of Lobito is located at 30km north of Benguela, in middle area of Angolan coast and physical distribution base in Middle West area utilizing Benguela Railway connecting to inland areas. City of Lobito has about 800 thousand population and the main industries are Benguela Railway, Petroleum, Cement, Brewery, Water and Sewer Company including Lobito Port Authority. The port has been constructed in 1903 by landfill of everglade. The port has the same location pattern as port of Luanda and good natural port. Main handling cargos are daily commodity and restoration related material such as construction material, oil, flour, sugar, grain and general cargo. At this moment, the restoration works of Benguela railways is underway and the port is expected to be important as international hub port for the countries like Zambia, Botswana and Zimbabwe who have no coast and Congo. Figure 5-5 shows the layout of the Port of Lobito and Photo 5-14 shows a panoramic view of the Port of Lobito. Figure 5-5 Present Layout of the Port of Lobito 5-15 THE STUDY ON URGENT REHABILITATION PROGRAM OF PORTS IN THE REPUBLIC OF ANGOLA - FINAL REPORT - 5.Present Status and Issues of the Target Ports Photo 5-14 Panoramic View of the Port of Lobito (2005) 5.2.2 Natural Condition 1) Meteorological Conditions Meteorological information such as temperature, humidity and precipitation for the period from 1991 to 2004 were obtained through the National Institute of Meteorology and Geophysics (INAMET) in Angola.
    [Show full text]
  • The Hydropolitics of Southern Africa: the Case of the Zambezi River Basin As an Area of Potential Co-Operation Based on Allan's Concept of 'Virtual Water'
    THE HYDROPOLITICS OF SOUTHERN AFRICA: THE CASE OF THE ZAMBEZI RIVER BASIN AS AN AREA OF POTENTIAL CO-OPERATION BASED ON ALLAN'S CONCEPT OF 'VIRTUAL WATER' by ANTHONY RICHARD TURTON submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in the subject INTERNATIONAL POLITICS at the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA SUPERVISOR: DR A KRIEK CO-SUPERVISOR: DR DJ KOTZE APRIL 1998 THE HYDROPOLITICS OF SOUTHERN AFRICA: THE CASE OF THE ZAMBEZI RIVER BASIN AS AN AREA OF POTENTIAL CO-OPERATION BASED ON ALLAN'S CONCEPT OF 'VIRTUAL WATER' by ANTHONY RICHARD TURTON Summary Southern Africa generally has an arid climate and many hydrologists are predicting an increase in water scarcity over time. This research seeks to understand the implications of this in socio-political terms. The study is cross-disciplinary, examining how policy interventions can be used to solve the problem caused by the interaction between hydrology and demography. The conclusion is that water scarcity is not the actual problem, but is perceived as the problem by policy-makers. Instead, water scarcity is the manifestation of the problem, with root causes being a combination of climate change, population growth and misallocation of water within the economy due to a desire for national self-sufficiency in agriculture. The solution lies in the trade of products with a high water content, also known as 'virtual water'. Research on this specific issue is called for by the White Paper on Water Policy for South Africa. Key terms: SADC; Virtual water; Policy making; Water
    [Show full text]