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Annex Ii Committee on Foreign Affairs, Human Rights, Common Security and Defence Policy

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Annex Ii Committee on Foreign Affairs, Human Rights, Common Security and Defence Policy EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS, HUMAN RIGHTS, COMMON SECURITY AND DEFENCE POLICY NOTICE TO MEMBERS N° 08/2004 Subject: The Committee's enlargement activities during the 5th legislature (1999-2004) Members will find enclosed a report on the committee's enlargement activities during the 5th legislature (1999-2004), prepared by the Secretariat. DIRECTORATE-GENERAL FOR EXTERNAL POLICIES OF THE UNION ____________ 5 May 2004 AFET/CH/MR/JJG/amb CM/534739EN.doc PE 329.317 COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS, HUMAN RIGHTS, COMMON SECURITY AND DEFENCE POLICY - The Secretariat - The committee's enlargement activities during the 5th legislature (1999-2004) The historic achievement After 4 years of intensive debates and exchanges of views with representatives from the candidate countries, the Commission and Council, the EP's Committee on Foreign Affairs, Human Rights, Common Security and Defence Policy concluded on 19 March 2003 its work on the current phase of the fifth EU enlargement by approving with a vast majority of its 69 Members, of which 60 were present, (ranging from 58-0-2 (Malta = no votes against) to 53-4-3 (Poland = 4 votes against)) its recommendations for the European Parliament's assent to the applications for membership of ten candidate countries. Pursuant to Parliament's own Rules of Procedure assent decisions contain only a recommendation "for" or "against" a country's application without any further detailed texts. However, by adding two special recitals, the committee insisted on retaining Parliament's rights to be consulted if any modification of the Accession Treaty was necessary and by recalling its budgetary powers. The latter was of particular importance as until the very last moment before Parliament's assent on 9 April 2003 in Strasbourg, the EP (through its Committee on Budgets and the Foreign Affairs Committee) was still in negotiations with Council to find a solution to some questions concerning the financial aspects of enlargement contained in Article 32 and annex XV of the draft Accession Treaty (cf. below for more details). According to Article 49 TEU, the application of any country for membership in the EU requires the assent of the European Parliament after the negotiations are concluded. Contrary to the role of the national parliaments of the Member states, who have to ratify the Accession Treaty after it has been signed, and thus ratifying the accession of all countries en bloc, the European Parliament has to give its assent to each country's application individually before the Accession Treaty can be signed, i.e. it could block any country of entering the EU. With a view to this key role of the European Parliament in the final stages of the enlargement process it has been in the interest of both Commission and Council, and indeed the candidate countries, to keep the EP as fully informed as possible throughout the pre-accession period and the various stages of enlargement negotiations. ____________________ 5 May 2004 AFET/CH/MR/JJG/amb CM/534739EN.doc 2 PE 329.317 Already in June 1993, the Copenhagen European Council opened up the perspective of enlargement to include the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, and with the so-called Copenhagen criteria defined the conditions for membership: - the stability of institutions guaranteeing democracy, the rule of law, human rights and the respect for and protection of minorities; - the existence of a functioning market economy as well as the capacity to cope with competitive pressure and market forces within the Union; - the ability to take an obligation of membership, including adherence to the aims of political, economic and monetary union (incl. the implementation of the EU's legislation = 'acquis communautaire') From the early 1990's, the European Parliament has viewed the enlargement of the EU as an opportunity to further the integration of the European continent by peaceful means. As most of the applicant states had emerged from communist dictatorship and were undergoing a radical transformation of their political, social and economic structures, their problems in adapting to the EU have been more complicated than those of countries acceding earlier. However, Parliament like the other institutions insisted that the Copenhagen criteria be fully adhered to by all candidate countries. Already during the last legislative period, from 1994-1999, Parliament had adopted three major reports1 regarding enlargement, which were prepared by the Foreign Affairs Committee. These reports emphasised the general support for a speedy enlargement and the importance to keep the pre-accession strategy including its financial assistance programme PHARE focused on the most essential elements to prepare the candidate countries for accession. Already at that stage the EP supported the committee's position that negotiations should be opened up with all candidate countries in order to enable each one of them to be treated in the accession negotiations on the principles of own merits. While in December 1997, the Luxembourg European Council decided on opening the negotiations with only six applicant states (Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Poland and Slovenia) the Helsinki European Council in December 1999 finally agreed to start negotiations also with the remaining six candidate countries (Bulgaria, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Slovakia and Romania) and fulfilled Parliament's demand to achieve differentiation and enable the better prepared countries to catch-up within the framework of parallel negotiations ('regatta- model'). The accession process now included the publication of an annual report for each candidate country by the European Commission, an Accession Partnership as guideline document for the necessary legal and administrative reforms in each candidate country and the launch of two new assistance programs (ISPA and SAPARD). The candidate countries had to develop a National Programme for the adoption of the 'acquis' and regularly report to the Commission on its implementation. In the new legislative term, the European Parliament had to develop its own approach to following this new accession process including the negotiations. Annex VI (I.5) of Parliament's Rules of procedure identify clearly the Foreign Affairs Committee as "responsible for matters relating to opening, monitoring and concluding negotiations concerning the accession of European States to the Union without prejudice to the powers of the specialist committees". 1 A4-0368/1997, A4-0081/1998, A4-0087/1998 CM/534739EN.doc 3 PE 329.317 Accordingly, the Foreign Affairs Committee approved at the beginning of the current legislature (1999-2004) a coherent strategy for the parliamentary scrutiny and monitoring of all enlargement related matters with the following elements: - to prepare (at least) one major annual plenary debate on enlargement based on substantial reports on each candidate country and on the state of negotiations overall; - to assure consistency between its own monitoring actions and the activities of the specialist committees by inviting the other committees to deliver opinions; - to keep a close link with the Joint Parliamentary Committees between the EP and the candidate countries by involving its country rapporteurs in their activities. On 23 September 1999, the Committee nominated permanent country rapporteurs for the entire period leading towards accession: Bulgaria Geoffrey Van Orden (PPE-DE, UK) Cyprus Jacques F. Poos (PSE, LUX) Czech Republic Jürgen Schroeder (PPE-DE, D) Estonia Gunila Carlsson (PPE-DE, SW) Michael GAHLER (PPE-DE, D) as of 21/01/03 Hungary Luís Queiró (UEN, PT) Latvia Elisabeth Schroedter (VERTS-ALE, D) Lithuania Magdalene Hoff (PSE, D) Ioannis Souladakis (PSE, EL) as of 20/03/2001 Malta Ursula Stenzel (PPE-DE, A) Poland Jas Gawronski (PPE-DE, IT) Slovenia Claudio Martelli (TDI, IT) Demetrio Volcic (PSE, IT) as of 07/11/2000 Romania Baroness Nicholson of Winterbourne (ELDR, UK) Slovakia Jan Marinus Wiersma (PSE, NL) Turkey Philippe Morillon (PPE-DE, FR) Alain Lamassoure (PPE-DE, FR) as of 20/03/2001 and Arie M. Oostlander (PPE-DE, NL) as of 11/09/2002 The rapporteurs were to guarantee a thorough treatment of the complex and technical yet at the same time highly political questions related to enlargement. They regularly took part in delegations and other study visits in the candidate countries, analysed press and political reports and held discussions with officials and interest groups. In the following years, the Committee on Foreign Affairs, Human Rights, Common Security and Defence Policy prepared for plenary debate a number of reports dealing with enlargement overall as well as country specific issues (for the complete list of resolutions adopted by the Committee on Foreign Affairs, please see Annex I). The aim was to comment each year on the European Commission's Regular Report and to clarify the European Parliament's position on individual issues as input for the new Regular Report. It was also agreed to separate the Turkey debates from the general enlargement debate given that negotiations with Turkey have not yet been opened. All these reports and plenary debates were prepared in close cooperation with Mr Günter Verheugen, Commissioner for enlargement, and the relevant Commission services. Throughout the 5th legislature enlargement issues represented about 1/3 of the overall work of the Committee which was briefed 19 times by Commissioner Verheugen. CM/534739EN.doc 4 PE 329.317 The preparation of the annual debates on the state of
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