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INDONESIAN JOURNAL on GEOSCIENCE a Combined Petrographic-Geochemical Provenance and Tectonic Setting Study of Palaeozoic Rocks

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INDONESIAN JOURNAL on GEOSCIENCE a Combined Petrographic-Geochemical Provenance and Tectonic Setting Study of Palaeozoic Rocks Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol. 8 No. 1 April 2021: 11-24 INDONESIAN JOURNAL ON GEOSCIENCE Geological Agency Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources Journal homepage: hp://ijog.geologi.esdm.go.id ISSN 2355-9314, e-ISSN 2355-9306 A Combined Petrographic-Geochemical Provenance and Tectonic Setting Study of Palaeozoic Rocks, in East Johor Basin, Peninsular Malaysia Sugeng Sapto Surjono1, Mohd. Shafeea Leman2, Kamal Roslan Mohamed2, and Che Aziz Ali2 1Department of Geological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia 2Geology, School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia Corresponding author: [email protected]; [email protected] Manuscript received: April, 03, 2018; revised: October, 28, 2019; approved: Juny 15, 2020; available online: November, 30, 2020 Abstract - Several greywacke sandstones considered as Paleozoic rocks are found in three different formations, i.e. the Dohol, Linggiu, and Tanjung Leman Formations within the Palaeozoic East Johor Basin. The compositions of twenty-nine sandstone samples were identified using petrographical and geochemical methods to determine the provenance of sandstones as well as the tectonic setting of pre-and syn-sedimentation. Seven samples of them were examined using point counting method to obtain the mineralogical compositions. This petrographical point count- ing was done by plotting composition percentages to QFL and QmFLt triangular diagrams, The results showed a magmatic arc for Dohol Formation, a change from a magmatic to a recycled orogen for Linggiu Formation, and a recycled orogen for Tanjung Leman Formation. The recycled orogen tectonic setting of Linggiu and Tanjung Le- man may have come from the underlying metamorphic and sedimentary rocks of Mersing and Murau Formations. Meanwhile, twenty-two samples were examined using a geochemical method by utilizing the ratio of K2O/Na2O and SiO2. The samples suggest a tectonic setting from both passive continental margin (PM) and active continental margin (ACM). Based on these findings, it is interpreted that the sedimentary rocks in East Johor were deposited in a subduction-related basin, such as fore-arc, magmatic arc, and back-arc. Keywords: Paleozoic rocks, petrography, geochemistry, provenance, tectonic setting © IJOG - 2021. All right reserved How to cite this article: Surjono, S.S., Leman, M.S., Mohamed, K.R., and Ali, C.A., 2021. A Combined Petrographic-Geochemical Provenance and Tectonic Setting Study of Palaeozoic Rocks, in East Johor Basin, Peninsular Malaysia. Indonesian Journal on Geoscience, 8 (1), p.11-24. DOI: 10.17014/ijog.8.1.11-24 IntroductionIJOGMalaysia (Surjono, 2007). It is mainly composed of the Carboniferous to Permian rocks which Background have a trend of northwest-southeast from Sungai The East Johor Palaeozoic Basin is a Palaeo- Endau to Tanjung Pengerang areas. According to zoic sedimentary basin which covers the whole Metcalfe (2013), the Eastern Belt represents the southern part of the Eastern Belt of Peninsular arc and its continental basement derived from Indexed by: SCOPUS (Q3) 11 Indonesian Journal on Geoscience, Vol. 8 No. 1 April 2021: 11-24 Indochina that has been eroded to a lower level four main tectonostratigraphic units, i.e. the than the central belt. The researched area over- Western Belt, Central Belt, Eastern Belt, and whelms about 6,250 km2 in the eastern part of Bentong-Raub Suture Zone. In this case, the Negeri Johor. It roughly lies within the latitude researched area is located in the Eastern Belt of N 1o40’ to N 3o00’, and the longitude of E which is mainly composed of shallow marine 103o20’ to E 104o20’ (Figure 1). The provenance Carboniferous sediments with minor Permian studies within petrographic and geochemical ap- conglomerates and associated rhyolite-andesite proaches are actually related to various variables, volcanics (Oliver et al., 2014). such as climate, tectonic setting, and tectonism The Palaeozoic rocks in East Johor Basin com- (Basu et al., 1975; Dickinson and Suczek, 1979; prise several metasedimentary to metamorphic Suttner et al., 1981; Bhatia, 1983, 1985; Roser rocks, siliciclastic, and volcanic rocks that have and Korsch, 1986; Dickinson, 1988). This study Carboniferous and Permian ages. These sequences has been widely carried out by many researchers are grouped into seven different lithostratigraphic as a tool for analyzing source rock and tectonic units comprising Mersing, Murau, Dohol, Ling- setting which will then be developed according to giu, Sedili, Pengerang, and Tanjung Leman For- the purposes of each study. This research aims to mations. The distribution of the Palaeozoic rocks reveal the tectonic setting of source rocks within in East Johor Basin as well as the stratigraphic the East Johor Basin Formations to reconstruct the relationship among them can be seen in the Figure palaeogeographical condition of the basin within 2. The brief summary of those is explained below: the period of Permian age based on the integrated Mersing Formation is well-known as the data of geochemical and petrographical study. basement rock in Johor as stated by Hutchison (1989). The outcrop can be found in some areas Geological Setting and Stratigraphy of eastern Peninsular Malaysia including the According to Hutchison and Tan (2009), the coastal area from the bauxite-mining district of geology of Peninsular Malaysia is grouped into Pangerang, Desaru, Mersing, and Endau area in 101o 102o 103o 104oE 7oN 7oN o 110oE 120oE o 100 E 130 E THAILAND SOUTH CHINA INDIA PERLIS o o o o 6 SOUTH 6 20 N 20 N KEDAH CHINA SEA PHILIPPINES P. PINANG CHINA KELANTAN THAILAND o o o o 5 5 10 N 10 N TERENGGANU PERAK BRUNAI DARUSSALAM 4o 4o 0o Singapore Borneo 0o Sumatera PAHANG SELANGOR Scale 0 500 km Java 3o STRAIT 3o 10oS 10oS N. SEMBILAN OF MALACCA 100oE 110oE 120oE 130oE IJOGMELAKA Study area 2o 2o JOHOR Scale 0 50 100 km SINGAPORE 101o 102o 103o 104oE Figure 1. Location of the study. Eastern part of Negeri Johor is considered as the East Johor Basin consisting of Paleozoic metamorphic, sedimentary, and volcaniclastic rocks to the recent sediments. 12 A Combined Petrographic-Geochemical Provenance and Tectonic Setting Study of Palaeozoic Rocks, in East Johor Basin, Peninsular Malaysia (S.S. Surjono et al.) 103O20’E 104O00’E 104O20’E 2O40’N a TE SOUTH CHINA b LA S I C A MIDLE R I Y T SEA MESOZOIC Tanjung Leman EARL Formation E T A Sedili L Pengerang Formation Linggiu Formation Formation N A E O O Dohol 2 00’N 2 00’N Formation M I D L E R M I P A J O H O R Y EARL E O Z I C L A E Unconformity T P A Deformation of Mersing Formation L Mersing Formation S I N G A P O R E Y CARBONIFEROUS 0 20 km EARL Scale O 1 10’N 1O10’N Figure 2. (a). Palaeozoic-Mesozoic geological map of Eastern Belt of Peninsular Malaysia and (b). Stratigraphic relationship of East Johor Palaeozoic rock formations (Modification after Surjono et al., 2006). Southeast Pahang. This formation mainly con- in age based on the unraveled fact of volcanic sists of slate, phyllite, argillite, schist, quartzite, elements absence in Murau Formation. and metaquartzite. The age of the formation is Dohol Formation is mostly found in Gunung determined by correlating it with several other Sumalayang. The lithology within the formation Carboniferous rocks in the northern part of East- is argillaceous sediments comprising the inter- ern Belt of Peninsular Malaysia. Thus, the age bedded mudstone, shale, siltstone, and sandstone of this formation is assumed as Carboniferous. with the subordinate composition of tuffaceous Surjono and Leman (2010) stated that the general sandstones. In the middle of the Dohol Formation fining -upward sequence with numerous linear, thin succession, lenses of limestone develop inserting sandstone bodies, cross-stratified, and interbed- the whole sequences. Its age has been claimed ded sandstone was similar to the shallow marine by Igo et al. (1979) as late Early Permian to transgressive sequence. It is also found on a de- early Middle Permian based on the microfossil tailed relict structure within the metasandstone analysis. Furthermore, the deposition of Dohol that the rocks were depositedIJOG in a shallow sea. In Formation was coetaneous with the Sedili Forma- addition, the relationship between the basement tion deposit and it is conformably overlain by the rock and other younger rocks is unconformable. Linggiu Formation. Murau Formation lies in the southernmost of Linggiu Formation can be discovered in the Eastern Peninsular Malaysia, and comprises a west of Gunung Sumalayang area. Its lithology disorganized and thick breccia, gravelstone, and consists of sandstone, siltstone, shale, phyllitic- also sandstone. It should be Late Carboniferous shale, with a minor composition of conglomerate 13 Indonesian Journal on Geoscience, Vol. 8 No. 1 April 2021: 11-24 and tuffaceous sandstone. Based on the observa- with this, the subduction of Palaeo-Tethys into tion of plant fossil contents within the siltstone, Indochina-East Malaya terrane took place after the age of this formation has been determined by the metamorphism causing a pressure accumula- Kon’no et al. (1971) as Late Permian. tion which intiated deformation and uplifting of Sedili Formation is distributed in several wide the sedimentary rocks. areas involving the Gunung Sumalayang, Sungai According to Surjono (2007), after the Ulu Sedili, and Gunung Chemendong. The domi- uplifting and metamorphism of Mersing Forma- nant constituents of this formation are lava and tion, the tectonic event continued to an exten- volcaniclastic rocks, either pyroclastic fall or flow sional phase within the continental plate when deposits. The compositions of those rocks are Palaeo-Tethys oceanic plate broke up and began acid and intermediate volcanic types according to to create a subduction beneath the Indochina- given data by Rajah (1968, 1986). Since the Sedili East Malaya continental plate.
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