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Russian Army, 4 June 1916
Russian Army 4 June 1916 Northwest Front: Finland Garrison: XLII Corps: 106th Infantry Division 421st Tsarskoe Selo Infantry Regiment 422nd Kolpino Infantry Regiment 423rd Luga Infantry Regiment 424th Chut Infantry Regiment 107th Infantry Division 425th Kargopol Infantry Regiment 426th Posinets Infantry Regiment 427th Pudozh Infantry Regiment 428th Lodeyinpol Infantry Regiment Sveaborg Border Brigade 1st Sveaborg Border Regiment 2nd Sveaborg Border Regiment Estonia Coast Defense: 108th Infantry Division 429th Riizhsk Infantry Regiment 430th Balksy Infantry Regiment 431st Tikhvin Infantry Regiment 432nd Baldaia Infantry Regiment Revel Border Brigade 1st Revel Border Regiments 2nd Revel Border Regiments Livonia Coast Defense: I Corps 22nd Novgorod Infantry Division 85th Vyborg Infantry Regiment 86th Wilmanstrand Infantry Regiment 87th Neschlot Infantry Regiment 88th Petrov Infantry Regiment 24th Pskov Infantry Division 93rd Irkhtsk Infantry Regiment 94th Yenisei Infantry Regiment 95th Krasnoyarsk Infantry Regiment 96th Omsk Infantry Regiment III Corps 73rd Orel Infantry Division 289th Korotoyav Infantry Regiment 290th Valuiisk Infantry Regiment 291st Trubchev Infantry Regiment 292nd New Archangel Infantry Regiment 5th Rifle Division (Suwalki) 17th Rifle Regiment 18th Rifle Regiment 19th Rifle Regiment 20th Rifle Regiment V Siberian Corps 1 50th St. Petersburg Infantry Division 197th Lesnot Infantry Regiment 198th Alexander Nevsky Infantry Regiment 199th Kronstadt Infantry Regiment 200th Kronshlot Infantry Regiment 6th (Khabarovsk) Siberian -
Russian Southwest Front, 1 July 1915
Russian Southwest Front 1 July 1915 8th Army 12th Army Corps: 12th Infantry Division: 45th Azovskiy Infantry Regiment 46th Dneper Infantry Regiment 47th Ukrainian Infantry Regiment 48th Odesskiy Infantry Regiment 19th Infantry Division: 73rd Crimean Infantry Regiment 74th Stavropolskiy Infantry Regiment 75th Sevastopolskiy Infantry Regiment 76th Kuban Infantry Regiment 65th Infantry Division: 257th Evpatorijskiy Infantry Regiment 258th Kishenevskiy Infantry Regiment 259th Olgopolskiy Infantry Regiment 260th Bratslavskiy Infantry Regiment 3rd Rifle Division: 9th Rifle Regiment 10th Rifle Regiment 11th Rifle Regiment 12th Rifle Regiment Attached: 5th Field Engineer Battalion 8th Army Corps: 14th Infantry Division: 53rd Volynskiy Infantry Regiment 54th Minskiy Infantry Regiment 55th Podolskiy Infantry Regiment 56th Zhitomorskiy Infantry Regiment 15th Infantry Division: 57th Modlinskiy Infantry Regiment 58th Pragskiy Infantry Regiment 59th Liublinskiy Infantry Regiment 60th Zamostskiy Infantry Regiment 4th Rifle Division: 13th Rifle Regiment 14th Rifle Regiment 15th Rifle Regiment 16th Rifle Regiment Attached: 11th Field Engineer Battalion 17th Army Corps: 3rd Infantry Division: 9th Ingermanlandskiy Infantry Regiment 10th Novoingermanlandskiy Infantry Regiment 11th Pskovskiy Infantry Regiment 12th Velikolutskiy Infantry Regiment 35th Infantry Division: 137th Nezhinskiy Infantry Regiment 138th Bolkhovskiy Infantry Regiment 139th Morshanskiy Infantry Regiment 1 140th Zarajskiy Infantry Regiment 61st Infantry Division: 241st Sedletskiy Infantry -
Barbarossa, Soviet Covering Forces and the Initial Period of War: Military History and Airland Battle
WARNING! The views expressed in FMSO publications and reports are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official policy or position of the Department of the Army, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. Barbarossa, Soviet Covering Forces and the Initial Period of War: Military History and Airland Battle Dr. Jacob W. Kipp Foreign Military Studies Office, Fort Leavenworth, KS. 1989 The issues surrounding the German attack upon the Soviet Union in June 1941 continue to attract the attention of historians and military analysts. The nature of the Soviet response to that attack has, as recent articles in Air University Review suggest, set off heated polemics. The appearance of Bryan Fugate's Operation Barbarossa with its assertion that the Soviet High Command did, indeed, have a "realistic plan or operative concept for coping with the situation" marked a major departure from conventional Western scholarly interpretation of the events leading up to the invasion.1 The response by Williamson t1urray and Barry G. Watts that Fugate was "inventing history" to find an unsuspected Soviet military genius where there was none confirms the controversial nature of the issue.2 These authors underscore the impact of surprise and tend to treat it as systemic and general. The Soviet Union, they argue, did not expect the blow and was unprepared for it. Soviet military doctrine and field regulations spoke of the offensive, while neglecting the defense.3 In assessing Soviet perception of the German threat, the authors are at odds not -
Russia, NATO, and Black Sea Security for More Information on This Publication, Visit
Russia, NATO, and Black Sea Security Russia, NATO, C O R P O R A T I O N STEPHEN J. FLANAGAN, ANIKA BINNENDIJK, IRINA A. CHINDEA, KATHERINE COSTELLO, GEOFFREY KIRKWOOD, DARA MASSICOT, CLINT REACH Russia, NATO, and Black Sea Security For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RRA357-1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available for this publication. ISBN: 978-1-9774-0568-5 Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2020 RAND Corporation R® is a registered trademark. Cover: Cover graphic by Dori Walker, adapted from a photo by Petty Officer 3rd Class Weston Jones. Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. Support RAND Make a tax-deductible charitable contribution at www.rand.org/giving/contribute www.rand.org Preface The Black Sea region is a central locus of the competition between Russia and the West for the future of Europe. -
German Defeat/Red Victory: Change and Continuity in Western and Russian Accounts of June-December 1941
University of Wollongong Research Online University of Wollongong Thesis Collection 2017+ University of Wollongong Thesis Collections 2018 German Defeat/Red Victory: Change and Continuity in Western and Russian Accounts of June-December 1941 David Sutton University of Wollongong Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/theses1 University of Wollongong Copyright Warning You may print or download ONE copy of this document for the purpose of your own research or study. The University does not authorise you to copy, communicate or otherwise make available electronically to any other person any copyright material contained on this site. You are reminded of the following: This work is copyright. Apart from any use permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part of this work may be reproduced by any process, nor may any other exclusive right be exercised, without the permission of the author. Copyright owners are entitled to take legal action against persons who infringe their copyright. A reproduction of material that is protected by copyright may be a copyright infringement. A court may impose penalties and award damages in relation to offences and infringements relating to copyright material. Higher penalties may apply, and higher damages may be awarded, for offences and infringements involving the conversion of material into digital or electronic form. Unless otherwise indicated, the views expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the University of Wollongong. Recommended Citation Sutton, David, German Defeat/Red Victory: Change and Continuity in Western and Russian Accounts of June-December 1941, Doctor of Philosophy thesis, School of Humanities and Social Inquiry, University of Wollongong, 2018. -
“The Germans Had Set the Goal to Destroy Everyone”
“the Germans had set the goal to destroy everyone” Ozarichi in German-occupied Belarus through the eyes of survivors University of Amsterdam Master thesis in History, German Studies Anne-Lise Bobeldijk [email protected] March 2016 Supervisor: dr. K.C. Berkhoff Second reader: dr. M.J. Föllmer Contents Introduction 3 1. Towards an oral history of the Ozarichi camps 9 2. The round-ups 20 2.1 The cities of Bobruisk and Zhlobin 20 2.2 Villages and hamlets 24 3. Transport to the camps as virtual death marches 28 3.1 Deportation methods 28 3.2 Arbitrariness, torment and violence 33 4. The transit camps 39 4.1 The numerous transit camps 39 4.2 Treatment in the camps and social interaction 45 5. The Ozarichi camps 51 5.1 Ozarichi, Dert and Semonovich 51 5.2 Liberation and aftermath 53 Conclusion 56 Bibliography 61 Appendix I 64 Appendix II 65 Appendix III 73 Acknowledgements 74 2 Introduction ‘The regime in the camps – a regime of hunger, cold, illness and the immense insults of the Soviet people – gave me the firm belief that the Germans had set the goal to destroy everyone; all children, elderly people, women, disabled people and inmates.’1 This quote from Vasilli Murashkin seems to refer to one of the well-known national socialist concentration camps, such as Auschwitz, Dachau or Majdanek. However, he refers to the Ozarichi camps in Belarus, near the villages Ozarichi, Dert and Semonovich. Murashkin was one of the approximately 40,000 people who ended up in these camps because they were seen as “useless eaters”.2 After the Battle of Stalingrad, Hitler ordered that nothing useful was to fall into the hands of the Soviets. -
The German Army After the Battle of Kursk by Walter S
The German Army after the Battle of Kursk By Walter S. Zapotoczny The Wehrmacht’s strength and combat effectiveness in the east after the Battle of Kursk entered a period of steady decline. Sporadic arrivals of new conscripts and equipment, especially for the mechanized units and the Waffen SS, gave the German defenders the means to conduct local counterattacks. These attacks were steadily less effective, both due to the growing superiority of the Soviet troops and the steady decay in the level of German training and effectiveness. The German infantry formations were even more emaciated than their mechanized counterparts were. This period marked the full development of Soviet force structure, equipment, and operational and tactical concepts. August 23, 1944 proved to be one of the decisive days of the entire war. With the Russian tanks on the Prut River and more racing south for the Focsani gap in Romania, the fate of the entire German Army Group South was uncertain. This was proof of the massive and effective Russian battlefield performance in Moldavia and Bessarabia. This alone, however, did not make this day so historic. What changed the fortune of Germany’s entire southeastern theater was the coup carried out that day in Bucharest, when King Michael had the Antonescu brothers arrested and Romania ceased to fight alongside Germany. Rumanian troops were instructed to cease firing on the Red Army and King Michael surrendered unconditionally to the Allies. The Rumanian defection turned Germany’s military defeat into a catastrophe, which made it felt far beyond the limits of a single Army Group. -
Russian Armies, 17 September 1944
Russian Armies 17 September 1944 Karelian Front: 26th Army XXXI Corps: 54th Rifle Division 83rd Rifle Division 205th Rifle Division 45th Rifle Division 367th Rifle Division 1?st Armored Battalion 19th Army 21st Rifle Division 67th Rifle Division 104th Rifle Division 122nd Rifle Division 341st Rifle Division 38th Guard Armored Brigade 377th Armored Battalion 14th Army CXXVI Corps: 10th Guard Rifle Division 14th Rifle Division 31st Ski Brigade 63rd Naval Brigade 12th Naval Brigade 72nd Naval Brigade 82nd Naval Brigade 1?th Rifle Brigade 254th Rifle Brigade 1?th Armored Battalion 7th Army CXXVII Light Corps: LXXXXIX Corps: XXXVII Guard Corps: IV Corps: 18th Rifle Division 65th Rifle Division 98th Guard Rifle Division 99th Guard Rifle Division 100th Guard Rifle Division 114th Rifle Division 272nd Rifle Division 310th Rifle Division 30th Rifle Brigade 32nd Rifle Brigade 33rd Rifle Brigade 7th Guard Armored Brigade 70th Armored Regiment 338th Assault Gun Regiment 339th Assault Gun Regiment 371st Assault Gun Regiment 378th Assault Gun Regiment 379th Assault Gun Regiment 1 Assigned, but assignment unclear: 25th Rifle Division 307th Armored Battalion leningrad Front: 2nd Shock Army XXX Guard Corps: 45th Guard Rifle Division 63rd Guard Rifle Division 64th Guard Rifle Division 86th Rifle Division 90th Rifle Division 128th Rifle Division 282nd Rifle Division 291st Rifle Division 321st Rifle Division 326th Rifle Division 372nd Rifle Division 46th Guard Armored Breakthorugh Regiment 746th Assault Gun Regiment 1433rd Assault Gun Regiment 8th Army CIX -
Russian Forces, Battle of Moscow, 29 September 1941
Russian Forces Battle of Moscow 29 September 1941 - 1 February 1942 Western Front: 29 Sep 41 General Notes: Total Total in Combat Units Men 540,375 320,606 Rifles 339,862 245,340 sub-machine guns 3,678 2,289 light machine guns 5,418 4,015 heavy machine guns 2,167 1,848 AA machine guns 350 152 Tanks: Heavy 19 19 Medium (T-34s) 32 32 Light 413 389 (BTs, T-26s, T-37/40s) 107mm + Guns 956 947 76mm Guns 613 586 45mm AT Guns 408 386 76-85mm AA Guns 266 251 25-37mm AA Guns 108 93 107-120mm Mortars 227 209 82mm Mortars 547 521 50mm Mortars 911 864 Armored Cars 92 54 Trucks 30,386 12,182 Horses 96,842 66,028 16th Army 38th Rifle Division 29th Rifle Regiments 48th Rifle Regiments 343rd Rifle Regiments 214th Light Artillery Regiment Total: 9,836 men, 202 x MG, 68 x guns & mortars, 0 x AA, 13 x 45mm AT 108th Rifle Division 407th Rifle Regiment 444th Rifle Regiment 539th Rifle Regiment 575th Howitzer Regiment Total: 10,095 men, 229 x MG, 43 x guns & mortars, 0 x AA, 0 x AT 112th Rifle Division 385th Rifle Regiment 416th Rifle Regiment 524th Rifle Regiment 436th Light Artillery Regiment Total: 10,091 men, 226 x MG, 38 x guns & mortars, 7 x AA, 9 x 45mm AT 1 214th Rifle Division 776th Rifle Regiment 780th Rifle Regiment 788th Rifle Regiment 683rd Light Artillery Regiment 709th Howitzer Regiment 20th Antitank Battalion 128th Antiaircraft Battalion Attached: 127th Tank Brigade 49th Corps Artillery Regiment 471st Corps Artillery Regiment 587th Corps Artillery Regiment 375th RVGK Howitzer Regiment 700th Antitank Regiment 16-20 x 76mm USV Cannon 1st Bn 10th -
Destruction of Army Group Center by ER Bick
Layout: Chris Cummins Battleplan, Report 003 Photos: ER Bickford October 2009 World at War #9 – Destruction of Army Group Center By ER Bickord Historical Scenario surrounded in entrenchments This campaign is set in the northern half of the along the Berezina River. Using eastern front, beginning in late June 1944. There are air support, the Soviet 65th Army nine weekly turns, culminating at the end of August and a cav-mech group manage 1944. The scale is 16 miles per hex and the units are to reduce the panzers. Just to corps-sized. Victory and defeat balances on Soviet VP, the north of Mogilev, Soviet which are collected by capturing towns and cities. In 31st and 33rd Armies attack 39th order to win the Soviets need 31 VP. Two of the large Panzer Corps, which is forced VP awards are for Koenigsberg and any coastal hex to retreat. Then 11th Guards and west of Riga. They each yield 10 VP. another cav-mech group push the th The German player has decided to pull back as weakened 27 Corps into Orsha. th th much as possible, because the front line is too vast to The 5 Army and 5 Guards Tank rd defend. That won’t be easy, though, as the Soviets will attack 53 Corps with Soviet air support. That forces th attack relentlessly and try to maintain contact with the the Germans to retreat. The 9 Infantry Corps is pushed th retreating Germans. to the north of Borisev. The 6 Shock Army attacks the Turn One, 23-30 June 1944 fortified town of Polotsk, which falls easily for another VP. -
Printing "Welcome"
Rzhev ’42 – Designer Notes Table of Contents I. Design Notes A. Introduction B. German Order of Battle C. Soviet Order of Battle D. Weather E. Making the Scenarios II. The Scenarios A. Scenario List B. Scenario Overviews III. Operation Mars Revisited – by David Glantz Endnotes IV. German Military Abbreviations and Terms V. Bibliography A. Operational Books B. Order of Battle, and Organizational Books C. Unit Histories D. Map Books E. Archival Records Design Notes A. Introduction After reading David Glantz’s book "Zhukov’s Greatest Defeat", I became intrigued with this unknown, but major operation. According to Col Glantz, the Soviet forces used for Operation Mars, were substantially larger then the more well known Operation Uranus, the counterattack at Stalingrad. Two Soviet fronts, Kalinin and Western, seven Armies, consisting of 667,000 men and over 1900 tanks, attacked on 25 November 1942 with the goal of destroying the German 9th Army, pinching off the Rzhev salient, and eliminating the threat this salient posed to Moscow. By attacking in four directions, the Soviets planned on tying down what little mobile reserves the Germans had, and not allowing them to be deployed elsewhere. The battle was fought during blizzard-like snowstorms which, along with the poor terrain in the area, contributed mightily to the Soviet defeat. The Germans fought back hard, with a stubborn defense, their strong points holding out behind the Soviet lines, further complicating moving the second echelon offensive troops forward. Beside the two panzer divisions in reserve of 9.AOK (9th Army), the Germans were able to send three more panzer divisions, from Heersgruppe (Army Group) reserve, to halt the offensive and counterattack. -
The Russian Army and the Conduct of Operations in 1914
British Journal for Military History, Volume 2, Issue 2, February 2016 The Russian Army and the Conduct of Operations in 1914 STEPHEN WALSH Royal Military Academy Sandhurst Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT The scale of the fighting on the Eastern Front in 1914 is reasonably familiar but the Russian campaign of 1914, apart from Tannenberg, is poorly understood. The Russian Army’s military strategy, the choices it made, what it was trying to achieve, why and how, are not well known. This article will analyse Russian strategy and operations in a thematic rather than narrative manner, placing the Russian conduct of operations in the context of Russian military thinking at the time. It will argue that the relative importance of the East Prussian and Galician Operations has been misunderstood, especially the Russian operations in northern Galicia. In late August 1914, the Russian Army faced strategic catastrophe on the entire Eastern Front, not because of events in East Prussia, but in northern Galicia where the chronic lack of correlation between ends and means in Russian military strategy became acute. The Russian high command’s desire to launch a third operation into eastern Germany, in August 1914, distorted Russian strategy to the point where the Russian Army flirted with catastrophe in northern Galicia, a brush with disaster that rescued Russian strategy from its own illusions, enabling them to defeat the Austrians and force the German Army into a sustained two- front war. ‘The history of the campaign of 1914 is nothing else but the story of the consequences of the strategical errors of the War Plan’1 On 31 July 1914, Tsar Nicholas II authorised the mobilisation of the Russian Army, a defining moment2 in the sequence of events that began the First World War, a war 1 N.N.