A Publication of The American Physiological Society Integrating The the Life Sciences from Molecule to Organism Physiologist

Volume 44, Number 4 August 2001 Scientific Professionalism: Possessors or Pursuers of Truth? Nancy L. Jones Inside Wake Forest University School of Medicine Editorial: Ethics Prescriptive Power Revisited Science and technology in the 20th century p. 152 have played a leading role in charting the course of action for society and individuals. The influ- Editorial: ence of science in the new 21st century should be Physiology and equally all-encompassing. Nearly every aspect of Functional our lives is influenced by “research.” We may Genomics: argue about how much credence the public gives A Natural Fit an individual report or study, but you can rest p. 153 assured that if the conclusions support an indi- vidual’s presuppositions or inclinations, science will be used to justify his/her behavior. 154th APS Historically, ethical systems, grown out of Business Meeting philosophical and theological disciplines, define Nancy L. Jones p. 157 what is right and wrong, good and bad, and pre- scribe how we ought to live. How then have sci- flicting principles. As such, the field of science Experimental ence and scientists been given such influence in has elements of a moral obligation theory, while Biology 2002 society as to command how we ought to live? scientists are believed to embody certain virtues. Preview The answer lies within the aim of science, the But is science able to function as an ethical system? p. 170 acquisition of knowledge of the truth. But is sci- ence an ethical system? The Activity of Science The acquisition of knowledge is gained by the Cellular and Is Science an Ethical System? inductive scientific method. First, a problem is Molecular The two basic types of ethical systems are 1) deconstructed into the most basic elements. A Physiology of moral obligation theories, systems that tell you hypothesis is formulated and tested. Data gather- Sodium-Calcium what is the right thing to do; and 2) virtue theo- ing either supports or refutes the hypothesis. Exchange ries, systems that show what kind of person you Once observations are made, facts are found and p. 219 ought to be. If science is an ethical system, it re-tested against other known principles and should define what is right and wrong and pre- principles found by multiple methodologies. The scribe how we ought to live. It should also have empirical data generated are used to derive broad Genome & universibility and mechanisms for resolving con- governing laws. Objective Truth or Law is Hormones: An revealed. Following governing laws should result Integrative in the betterment of society (3). The whole Approach to Nancy Jones presented the third annual Walter C. process is capsulated in the objective, above sub- Gender Differences Randall Lecture in Biomedical Ethics at the Experimental Biology 2001 meeting held in Orlando, jective, means of understanding the world. in Physiology FL in April 2001. The lecture is cosponsored by p. 253 Taylor University. (continued on page 151)

Vol. 44, No. 4, 2001 149 Published bimonthly and distributed by The American The Physiological Society 9650 Rockville Pike Bethesda, Maryland 20814-3991 Physiologist ISSN 0031-9376 John E. Hall Volume 44 Number 4 August 2001 President Gerald F. DiBona Past President Barbara A. Horwitz Contents President-Elect Martin Frank Editor and Executive Director Chapter News Scientific Professionalism Councillors Nancy L. Jones 149 Nebraska Chapter Meeting 193 Kim E. Barrett, Hannah V. Carey, Douglas C. Eaton, Joseph R. Haywood, Editorials APS Conference Steven C. Hebert, Jo Rae Wright Ethics Revisited Physiological Genomics of Ex Officio Cardiovascular Disease: From Dale J. Benos 152 Dale J. Benos, Physiology and Functional Technology to Physiology 195 Mordecai P. Blaustein, Genomics: A Natural Fit Robert G. Carroll, M. Ian Phillips 153 Public Affairs Judith A. Neubauer, Celia D. Sladek House Acts to Extend Moratorium 154th APS on USDA Rodent, Bird Publications Committee: Chairman: Business Meeting 157 Regulations 196 Dale J. Benos; Members:David H. NIH Funding Increase Alpers, Hershel Raff, Richard A. Awaits Action 197 Murphy, James A. Schafer. Director Society & Sectional of Publications: Margaret Reich. Awards 164 VA-HUD Subcommittee Marks Design and Copy Editor: Joelle R. Call for Cannon Nominations 181 Up Spending Bill 197 Grossnickle. Call for Bowditch Nominations 181 Congressman Nethercutt Subscriptions: Distributed to mem- Introduces Antiterrorism Bill 198 bers as part of their membership. Experimental Biology Stem Cell Debate Heats Up 198 Nonmembers in the USA: individuals $45.00; institutions $70.00. 2002 Preview 170 Nonmembers in Canada and Mexico: Positions Available 199 individuals $50.00; institutions Education $75.00. Nonmembers elsewhere: indi- 204 viduals $55.00; institutions $80.00. Summer Research Teachers and People & Places Single copies and back issues when Hosts Honored at EB 182 available, $15.00 each; single copies Orlando Science Teachers News From Senior and back issues of Abstracts issues Physiologists 207 when available, $25.00. Subscribers to and Students Participate in The Physiologist also receive abstracts Physiology Workshop at EB 182 of the Conferences of the American 52nd Annual International Science Book Reviews 209 Physiological Society. and Engineering Fair 183 The American Physiological Society Books Received 211 assumes no responsibility for the statements and opinions advanced by Membership contributors to The Physiologist. APS Membership New Regular Members 186 Deadline for submission of material New Student Members 186 Application 213 for publication: Jan. 10, February New Affiliate Members 188 issue; March 10, April issue; May 10, Deceased Members 188 Scientific Meetings June issue; July 10, August issue; Sept. 10, October issue; Nov. 10, and Congresses 216 December issue. Section News Introducing Ken Baldwin 189 Please notify the central office as Meeting Program & Abstracts soon as possible if you change your Introducing Michael Jennings 190 Cellular and Molecular Physiology of address or telephone number. Sodium-Calcium Exchange 219 Headquarters phone: 301-530-7164. Publications Genome & Hormones: An Fax: 301-571-8305. Persson Named Editor of AJP: Integrative Approach to Gender Regulatory, Integrative and http://www.the-aps.org Differences in Physiology 253 Printed in the USA Comparative Physiology 192

150 The Physiologist Scientific Professionalism

(continued from page 149) insights of science validate and give University Rankings and crystallizes the morality to acts on scientific grounds ivory tower delusion. Furthermore, the The Virtuous Scientist (5). Optimism claims the world’s salva- distanced impartial scientist is suspect The second premise is that of the vir- tion, meaning future and betterment of as well. The most successful scientists tuous scientist. Historically, a scientific the world, is inevitable as a result of sci- now are those that have adapted as professional was committed to a con- entific activity (3). entrepreneurs of intellectual activity, templative lifestyle with a self-transcen- How can the world be saved by sci- skilled at obtaining professional remu- dence into a purer state of being, whol- ence? Science evokes salvation not by neration and renown. Moreover, the sci- ly devoted to the discovery of truth. intervening directly into people’s lives, entific community itself has entered the Einstein’s “temple of science” consists but rather indirectly through the fray of politics, patient advocacy, and of a solitary lifestyle of introspection increase in knowledge of the “truth.” public policy to secure a “scientific” (3). The scientist is regarded as an This truth is of the highest quality, agenda for the future, which can be eas- impartial or distanced observer or, in because both the activity of science and ily construed as promoting the modern terms, has no conflicts of inter- the agent, the scientist, are endowed supremacy of a particular philosophy or est with the outcome or interpretation of with virtue by their objective and ideology. the data collected. rational nature. Furthermore, the truth As the scientist’s virtuosity crumbles Popularized glimpses of scientists are revealed is not dogmatically imposed upon closer scrutiny, we are not sur- people clad in white coats, usually iso- but available for rational people to use prised because, after all, scientists are lated from the buzz of humanity, and in their deliberations on how to act. human. And humans, as philosophers who only leave the laboratory to pro- Unlike philosophies and religions, this and theologians have asserted across claim their next finding. Contrast this means of uncovering truth is considered time, are either not naturally virtuous or with the second most popular image of morally neutral, because of the objec- are easily corrupted by societal evils. scientists—the mad scientist—totally tive nature of the activity and agent. But the scientific method, by design, depraved, consumed with ambition, and This type of intellectual activity is high- overcomes these obstacles inherit to concocting a means to gain ultimate ly esteemed in our secular society that human nature, does it not? So the ques- power over the world. Our world is relies on secular rationalism as the tion is whether scientists can corrupt the well-aware that knowledge is power and favored form of moral justification. It is objectivity of scientific activity. Daniel that power can corrupt. However, the arguable whether in this most pure form Callahan (1) asserts that, “Science is an term scientist is synonymous with the scientism flourishes, but elements of intensely human and social endeavor, prima facie obligation of rational objec- this belief system are in our societal col- and the work of scientists cannot be tivity steeped in logical, non-emotional, lective subconscious. So we must ask, is cleanly separated from their own per- defendable, and intellectual activity. science, both the activity and the agents, sonal ambitions and aspirations, let The motivation for scientists is pre- consistent with these ethical theories? alone those of the larger community in sumed to be for the sake of truth itself which they work. The work of scientists and not to “secure personal gain or to Thorns Climbing the Ivory Tower is conditioned and influenced at every promote the supremacy of a particular Serious, and arguably incurable, stage of research by personal, profes- philosophy or ideology” (2). Intellectu- flaws tarnish the virtuous view of both sional, and social values. Such values al assessment of the truth holds the scientific activity and scientists. First, contribute to the motivation and con- power to correct and better, and no the ivory tower of academia, the virtu- ceptual outlook of scientists, and it is coercion or manipulation is necessary. ous scientist’s abode, has had the thorny important that scientists be sensitive to weeds of consumerism and big business their influence—good or bad—on their Truth Possessors crowding out the mythical insulation work.” Cloaked in objective factual sci- The ideology of science provides the provided by an academic environment. entific statements are inherent values framework that, in theory, is consistent The prior prejudice of academic scien- that can be traced to the scientist, tradi- with an ethical system. The activity of tists over industry scientists holds no tion, or society. As such, what is found science, as well as the scientist, is ground in the contemporary academic will nearly always be influenced by regarded as objective and rational, and, setting where striving for viability by what is looked for. thereby, embodies a virtuous means of heralding intellectual prowess, claims Although the activity of science by finding truth. In fact, prior to and during of “firsts,” and courting private design reduces and subdivides subjects, the early years following World War II, investors and industry are common ultimately society wants the generated the world of science was endowed with place. Academic consumerism is epito- data to reveal universal mechanisms. scientific positivism and optimism. mized by administrations pandering to But each subspecialty and experimental Positivism posits that the methods and the US News and World Report (continued on page 155)

Vol. 44, No. 4, 2001 151 Editorial

Ethics, Revisited Dale J. Benos Chair, Publications Committee

Fraud, duplicate publication, animal become involved, performing an passionate about one’s own work. But welfare violations, author disputes: inquiry into whether and to what extent this is also positive: the commitment, these words and phrases evoke different there was unethical behavior. At APS the enthusiasm, and the intensity and responses from different people. we have procedures delineated in our drive to seek answers to important and However, one common response that Ethical Policies and Procedures docu- difficult questions differentiates good should be evoked in a scientist is revul- ment, which can be found on the inside science from mediocre science. Peer sion. Truth and honesty are the under- back cover of every journal issue and on review can and should provide an addi- pinnings of scientific inquiry. Anything the World Wide Web at http://www.the- tional level of detached objectivity to a less is unacceptable. In fact, without aps.org/publications/journals/apsethic.h body of work. In doing so, peer review complete and utter adherence to the tm. We take ethical issues very serious- enhances published research’s import principles of ethical behavior, all scien- ly, but handle them carefully, because and quality. This is important, given the tists, and science itself, are threatened. once an institution is involved, a scien- greater public access to the scientific lit- Why the gloomy introduction? There tist’s career is on the line. If, as a read- erature, previously the realm of the spe- has, unfortunately, been an unsettling er, reviewer, or author, you perceive cialists. More importantly, and especial- increase in the number of ethical issues unethical conduct having to do with a ly when the work has clinical ramifica- confronting the Publications Committee journal article, please contact the appro- tions, peer review ensures that false of the American Physiological Society. priate editor/associate editor, who will hopes and expectations are not raised Some of these issues have already been in turn initiate the established proce- when the work is misrepresented or discussed in two APS editorials (1, 3). dures for dealing with such issues. exaggerated consciously or uncon- In addition to those mentioned above, Traditionally, the orderly process of sciously by the authors. these issues involve unacknowledged scientific inquiry requires a hypothesis Historically, the pressures that ensue redundant publication of tables and fig- to be generated, then tested by experi- from public criticism of a scientist’s ures, conflict of interest, improper use mentation, the results and conclusions intellectual endeavors can be immense, and/or acquisition of human material, packaged in a manuscript, the paper particularly if the work promulgates and plagiarism. In some cases, the submitted to a journal for peer review thoughts that challenge existing para- offending parties are unaware that, for by experts in the field, and finally digms. Furthermore, these issues are example, all authors of a manuscript revised where appropriate. In this mod- magnified when productivity is coupled should be familiar with its contents, or ern era, many scientists now engage in to institutional promotions, acquisition that erasure of an aberrant datum or two complementary discovery-driven re- of research funding, and with increasing is acceptable only as long as search, namely, making observations in nonacademic demands. Perhaps the Chauvenet’s criterion can reasonably be the absence of specific hypothesis that stresses that result from such a compet- applied. In these cases, journal Editors will lead to new scientific ideas. It is no itive environment contribute to a per- and society publishing programs can surprise that this approach culminates son’s deviation from proper ethical play an educational role with inexperi- in a manuscript. For science to progress, behavior. But it is precisely adherence enced authors. In other cases, however, it must be communicated. The benefits to highly evolved, definitive standards the infractions are blatant and cannot be and objectivity of peer review have that ensures that valid science is per- explained by ignorance, nor can they be been argued, but there can be no dispute formed and disseminated in the public accepted as carelessness. Examples of that peer review adds value to a scien- domain. Even one violation of high this sort include: 1) republication of tific publication by culling papers with moral conduct cannot be tolerated, previously published figures; 2) sub- poor design, identifying procedural especially in light of the ever-increasing mission of manuscripts without the flaws such as inadequate statistical val- availability of newly released informa- approval of all authors; and 3) presenta- idation ascertaining that the conclusions tion that is accessible to scientists and tion of the same data with altered exper- reached are supported by the data, and, nonscientists alike. imental conditions in response to a albeit in a relatively small fraction of Scientists are explorers, pioneers, and reviewer’s comment in a previous and submitted manuscripts, calling attention purveyors of the unknown, funded in unsuccessful submission to a different to potentially fraudulent data. No matter large measure by money obtained from journal. In blatant cases of unethical how objective and how self-critical a nonscientists. The testimonies of these behavior, the authors’ institutions may scientist is, it is hard to be totally dis- voyages into fresh frontiers are essential

152 The Physiologist Editorial and are recorded in the publications of how many checks and balances are put tend that it is our responsibility to do the scientist. As Walter B. Cannon into place, ultimately the responsibility everything in our power to preserve the wrote: “The discoverer in science may for honesty lies with the scientist. This sanctity of the work. ❖ justifiably entertain the deeply gratify- problem of untoward ethical behavior in ing thought that work well done, obser- publishing can be minimized and I References vations carefully made and recorded, believe eliminated if all of us reflect will ultimately combine with other upon why we chose to pursue a career 1. Benos, D.J. Now What? Am. J. observations, perhaps made long after- in investigative science and if we all Physiol. Cell Physiol. 265:C1-C2, ward, in forming the body of truth. . . take the time to educate ourselves and 1993. An investigator may never see the syn- our students in these matters. Formative 2. Cannon, W.B. The Way of an thesis which brings his work into its influences are strong. We are all citizens Investigator: A Scientist’s Experience in relations with the work of others, but of science and must do everything pos- Medical Research. New York: Norton, from historical evidence he can be sible to contribute to and uphold the 1984. assured that such may be the destiny of integrity of the enterprise. The marvel, 3. Remmers, J.E. Is the manuscript his observations.” (2) the sparkle of witnessing a new aspect original or redundant? Judgment calls, The APS publication program is of nature unfolding is boundless. What scientific integrity, and the law. J. Appl. designed to provide a context in which a tragedy if this glory is ruined by mis- Physiol., 79:3-4, 1995. only the very best work is distributed to behavior. We are given full liberty in the world community. But no matter our scientific inquiries; therefore, I con-

Physiology and Functional Genomics: A Natural Fit M. Ian Phillips University of Florida, Gainesville

“Oh be some other name. What’s in a not only the human genome, but also of genes. The miracle of thousands of name.” the genomes of yeast, Escheria coli, genes being detectable on a microchip Romeo and Juliet Caenorhabolitis elegans, Drosophila and the development of complex bioin- Act 2 Scene ii melonogaster, and a soon to be com- formatics to analyze these genes on William Shakespeare pleted mouse genome (1,3). The computers has presented physiologists After years of resisting the temptation genomes of several other species from with an opportunity that they should to change the name of our Department bacteria to rats are being sequenced. embrace. Namely, we have the opportu- of Physiology at the University of Amazing fact number two is that, nity to understand the complex interac- Florida, we have decided to change it to whereas the fruit fly has 14,000 genes, tions of genes all occurring at the same “Department of Physiology and the human genome revealed only about time. DNA arrays allow one to measure Functional Genomics.” A few years ago 35,000 genes. Our ingrained anthro- thousands of gene expression changes I was asked to address an APS sympo- pocentricity would have led us to pre- simultaneously and challenges physiol- sium on “The future of physiology dict that we would be vastly more com- ogists to analyze the functional mean- graduate training” (3). At that time plex than the fly. On the other hand, we ing of gene responses to physiological (1993) I had only the vaguest idea of do not have wings. The spectacular perturbations, such as hypoxia, temper- what the impact of the human genome efficiency of nature to conserve genes ature, or pH. project would mean for physiology, but emphasized justification to study Physiology, simply defined, is the I did assume that once the genome was Drosophila genes, such as “pickpock- study of the function of a biological sys- completed, our graduate students would et,” or “hedgehog” in cardiovascular tem. Functional genomics, simply have to be fully cognizant of the basics physiology. The smaller numbers of defined, is the study of the function of of genetics. In fact, three amazing genes than expected has turned our genes. Those are very broad definitions things have happened since that time. attention to “proteomics” which will and not solely the purview of the disci- One is that the human genome was explain that the difference between us pline of physiology. Microbiologists, completed much sooner than predicted. and lower order animals is the number chemists, pharmacologists, cell biolo- By the year 2001 the entire human of proteins we are able to produce per gists, as well as geneticists, might have genome had been sequenced and pub- gene. The third amazing fact is the equal claim that functional genomics is lished (4). We now have a full library, of explosion of techniques for analyzing part of their discipline. We are pretty

Vol. 44, No. 4, 2001 153 Editorial much at the same stage of marking out neuronal. DNA chips are being pro- most physiology in medical schools territory among disciplines as were the duced with arrays of genes, specifically addresses human medical problems, the European countries in the 16th century for the heart or kidney or brain. We will study of functional genomics is ideal arriving in the Americas and planting be recruiting into physiology, geneti- for identifying genes with function in their flags. Functional genomics is cists and bioinformaticists. We will normal physiology and whose dysfunc- absolutely appropriate for physiologists bring in bright, young biologists into tion causes the pathophysiology of dis- to study. It is a natural fit. Physiology as human physiology who are familiar ease. For the biological study of the a discipline, however, is still broader with yeast, C. elegans, and other species evolution of physiological processes than functional genomics, as not every- whose genes we share and which are across species, functional genomics is thing is gene related. Therefore, we known to be relevant to human physiol- equally ideal. changed the name of the Department to ogy (2). Physiology will be more excit- The truth is we have been doing func- Physiology to “Physiology and Func- ing than it has ever been. We will be tional genomics for some time but did tional Genomics.” Physiology has testing the function of genes in physio- not have a name for it. Now that we always dealt with the integration of logical preparations and adopting some know what it is, let us claim it and go function and functional genomics pro- of the new techniques in genetics, for boldly into the 21st century. vides much more depth to the multiplic- example, reverse genetic analysis to dis- Physiology and functional genomics are ity of gene changes that occur in func- rupt the activity of gene and examining intertwined in a natural marriage of sci- tion and now must be integrated in our its phenotypic consequences, RNA- ence. “What’s in a name?” Physiology physiological explanation. mediated interference (RNAi), and is still physiology, but functional In the 1970s and 1980s we groped to other techniques for disrupting gene genomics is ours to embrace. ❖ define physiology, which seemed in activity to produce new phenotypes for danger of being arcane and unexciting study. Many advances that once seemed References to students. Some departments added too esoteric and unavailable to physiol- 1. Editorial. The C. elegans sequencing “Biophysics” or “Cellular and Molecu- ogy, such as knockouts, antisense, gene consortium. Genome sequence of the lar Biology” to their names. All those arrays, and yeast-two hybrid systems, nematode C. elegans: a platform for addenda seemed to reflect techniques have become routine. The same will be investigating biology. Science more than a discipline. The relevance of true of gene disruption methods. The 282:2012-2018, 1998. the names faded in impact over time. I physiology graduate students of the 2. Phillips, M.I. Training physiology believe that functional genomics is a 21st century need training in functional students for the 21st century. The way of thinking and therefore a disci- genomics. Gene-expression profiling Physiologist 36:187-188, 1993. pline. As we view the vast geography of will reveal new genes in physiology. We 3. Rubin, G.M. Comparative genomics genomes available to us through map- are finding unexpected roles for known of the eukaryotes. Science 287:2210- ping, we will mine areas for their func- genes. The relevance of functional 2211, 2000. tion, probably related to those areas genomics to physiology and human 4. Venter, J.C. The sequence of the with which we are already skilled and medicine is obvious. Many mutated human genome. Science 291:1304- familiar. These include cardiovascular, genes in human diseases are shared by 1351, 2001. respiration, renal, gastrointestinal, and the fruit fly, nematode, and yeast. Since

APS Sustaining Associate Members The Society gratefully acknowledges the contributions received from Sustaining Members in support of the Society’s goals and objectives. Abbott Laboratories The Grass Foundation Pharmacia and Upjohn, Inc. ADInstruments Harvard Apparatus Procter & Gamble Company American Medical Association Janssen Research Foundation Rhone-Poulenc Rorer Astra Arcus USA, Inc. Eli Lilly and Company W. B. Saunders Company Axon Instruments, Inc. The Mack Printing Group Schering-Plough Research Institute Berlex Biosciences Merck and Company, Inc. G. D. Searle and Company Gould, Inc. Nycomed, Inc. SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals The Gatorade Company Pfizer, Inc.

154 The Physiologist Scientific Professionalism

(continued from page 151) comments. Such method has unique abilities and limita- as, ethics in science tions to the universally of the experi- is actually an mental interpretation. So how far may extension of com- one extrapolate from a single report or mon sense values subspecialty? Historically, the scientific and accepted community has provided these norma- behaviors of socie- tive processes for research activity. The ty as a whole. The community not only provides proof of problem with this the veracity of the findings by peer naturalistic view is review and publication in reputable the concept that journals but ultimately gives a stamp of people inherently David Randall, Joyce Helyer (Taylor University), and Martin reliability when research is reconfirmed know what is the Frank present a plaque to Nancy Jones for the Walter Randall by other members of the scientific com- right thing to do and Lecture in Biomedical Ethics. munity. Peer review, pit falls and all, that our diverse glob- means that research can survive scruti- al society operates from the same ethi- that knowledge is the sole object of sci- ny by a body of scientists, not just the cal system. Such emphasis relegates ence. The second philosophy agrees individual researchers. However, fund- science to a minimal or average stan- with the value of acquiring knowledge ing outside of peer review, commercial- dard, rather than elevating it to a profes- but insists in linking that activity with ization of intellectual activity, speed to sional level. So before we embark on the underling purpose of the betterment application, and increased accessibility corrective measures, we might ask what of society. These two philosophies pull of data at all stages of analysis inherent- is the standard we hope to achieve? science in diverse directions. The acqui- ly inflates the individual scientific opin- sition of knowledge for knowledge’s ion and minimizes the influences of the Professional Standard sake alone translates in our autonomy whole scientific society. Society places enormous trust in the driven society as a “right” or “ought” scientific endeavor, and we as members for scientific and research freedom. Weed Whackers or Herbicides of the scientific community want to be “What can be done” is used to justify As the biomedical research commu- worthy of this trust. As noted above, the what is done. Elevating knowledge to a nity is struggling with the evolving sci- trust lies in the belief of the objective place of supremacy allows justification entific environment pressurized by our scientific activity and the virtuous sci- for all “scientifically” relevant experi- consumerism society, an ethics vacuum entist. Just as society wants virtuous ments. This philosophy spurs the con- for both the “ethical” scientist and “eth- physicians who adhere to the cept that governmental (societal) ical” activity of science has been identi- Hippocratic standard, so society wants restriction of research is paternalistic fied. To address the ethics shortfall, the virtuous scientists and science that sub- and results in needless regulatory over- National Institutes of Health began scribe to timeless standards. Scientists sight as well as impedes scientific requiring formal training for their spon- might not be able to change the envi- advancement. However, when the sored trainees in the “Responsible con- ronment for scientific activity nor alter results are thought to justify the means, duct of research and the principles of the biases and flaws inherent within the public anticipates experiments gone scientific integrity” (4). Recently, the individual scientific methods. However, awry and the truth that would obviate Office of Research Integrity has pro- like the Hippocratic physician, they can regulation is lacking. posed to extend this ethics training to all embrace a professionalism that will Contrast this with the Baconian phi- personnel on Public Health Service transcend these outside influences and losophy of linking the acquisition of grants.1 A consensus has been reached endorse normative standards for the sci- knowledge to the betterment of socie- 2 of the necessity of raising the ethical entific community. Does science have a ty. This philosophy of science casts training bar, but the nature of the professional code that is universally scientists as servants of society and required training has not been standard- known or upheld? Yes and no. ized. Although scientists practice the sci- 2 Francis Bacon said, “God has given Man Perhaps the scope of the perceived entific method, they generally adhere to the gift of thought, the ability to explore all problem can be shown in often-heard one of two major philosophies. knowledge, providing he uses it for the Commitment to one of these philoso- benefit and relief of the state and society of 1 Washington Highlights, Association of phies influences scientific professional- man; for otherwise all manner of knowl- American Medical Colleges, Vol. 11, No. ism as well as the interface with the rest edge becometh malign and serpentine” (2). 32, August 18, 2000, p. 2. of society. The first philosophy states (continued on page 156)

Vol. 44, No. 4, 2001 155 Scientific Professionalism

(continued from page 155) Truth Pursuers ed with science. Truth gathered by the members of a scientific profession and The scientific community needs to scientific methods should always be thereby checks the mad scientist’s thirst ascribe to the highest standards of examined in light of the limitations of for power. This philosophy leads to accountability and leadership. The the methods, the climate in which the examination of “What should be done?” influences that scientists have in society research was done, and the researcher’s To justify research, the means must also brings with it the largely un-addressed subspecialty. “Rational” scientists more be ethical in this principled approach. obligation to provide more responsible than any other professional group The public endorses this concept of the leadership. Medical doctors have long should be champions ready to slay the function of science. Although some been taught about the influence they myths and misconceptions of what soci- adopt the view of responsibility to soci- wield over people in vulnerable situa- ety can rightly expect from the activity ety, a more generally articulated view is tions. However, “researchers” in the of science. As such, we should begin to science (knowledge) for science’s past were more insulated from conse- paint a different ideal or model: the sci- (knowledge’s) sake alone. Science for quences of their influence. “The scien- entist clad in the white coat does not knowledge alone is innately blemished tific community has been well-prepared possess ultimate truth; rather he is a fel- by perpetuating self-interests of the to take responsibility (and credit) for the low pursuer of truth. industry of science, and thereby making benefits it bestows: and it is right that is Although the white coat indicates suspect the objectivity of the activity. it should. To what extent should it be advanced training in skills that can Promotion of the philosophy for the bet- prepared to take equal responsibility increase the wearer’s ability to look at terment of society can provide a safe- (and blame) for the harm it can and does things objectively and systematically, it guard for science’s future and maintain produce?” (1). This is particularly true cannot cloak his human nature. Rather, the public trust in the profession. as scientific research reaches the public it is the scientific community’s respon- Emphasizing professionalism and with increasing speed and at earlier sibility, as it passes on the right to wear membership in a scientific community stages of investigation. a white coat, to give assurances of the as part of ethics training has many pos- We must also defuse the positivism of professionalism of the wearer. ❖ itive outcomes. First, scientists begin to science and reestablish what science conform to the highest standards, as can and cannot answer. Science can well as identifying themselves with age- give us an understanding of the biologi- tested ethical norms. Norms like hon- cal forces and laws governing our uni- References 1. Callahan, D., Ethical responsibility in esty, objectivity, tolerance, doubt of cer- verse. Science, as a discipline based on science in the face of uncertain conse- titude, and unselfish engagement (2). certain presuppositions and a naturalis- quences. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 265: 1-12, tic worldview, however, cannot answer Honesty and unselfish engagement need 1976. no definition. However, unselfish metaphysical questions. Modern trained 2. Cournand, A., The code of the scientist engagement needs further discussion. scientists, with minimal philosophical and its relationship to ethics. Science 198: The concept of unselfish engagement, education, do not even know when they 699-705, 1977. although perhaps unobtainable, are transgressing outside of their disci- 3. Holton, G., “Scientific optimism and becomes controllable in the context of pline’s abilities. This deficiency must societal concerns a note on the psychology openness and membership in a func- also be addressed if we are to regain of scientists,” Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 265: 82- tioning community. Doubt of certitude ethical science and ethical scientists. 101, 1976. indicates readiness to question authori- 4. IOM report of a study on the responsible ties to advance new knowledge. This The White Coat conduct of research in the health sciences, principle asserts that no theory or fact is The white coat has remained a pow- Clin. Res. 37:179-91, 1989. 5. Stent, G. The poverty of scientism and sacred; rather, conclusions are always erful symbol of our profession. I argue the promise of structural ethics. Hastings that it is our responsibility as a profes- subject to further revelation and reinter- Center Report 6:32-40, 1976. pretation. This principle is combined sional community to repaint a more with a healthy need for independent accurate picture of the meaning of the confirmation and the ability of data to white coat. Some might argue this stand the test of time. Tolerance is the would demean or jeopardize our posi- Acknowledgements norm based on respect for other’s ideas tion in society or impede the progress. I would like to thank Dr. Dawn C. Schwenke within the scientific community. However, science in the real world can for editorial and content insights for this never reflect the pure ideology associat- article.

156 The Physiologist 154th Business Meeting

Time: 5:30 PM, Tuesday, April 3, 2001 III. Proposed Amendments shall serve a term of three years; consecutive Place: Peabody Hotel, Orlando, FL terms are prohibited. The Committee shall to the Bylaws elect a Chairperson to serve a three-year In compliance with the Society term. The Chairperson shall serve on I. Call to Order Bylaws, the proposed amendments to Council as an ex officio member, without The meeting was called to order at the Bylaws on making the Chair of the with vote. 5:35 PM by President Gerald F. Section Advisory Committee a voting ARTICLE VI. Dues DiBona, who welcomed the members member of Council and on changing the to the 154th Business Meeting of the dues year to a calendar year were pub- SECTION 1. Annual Dues. The annual dues American Physiological Society. A lished in The Physiologist [43(6): 472, for regular members, affiliate members, and booklet containing the agenda and a 2000]. student members shall be determined by the listing of all the APS award recipients Motions were unanimously passed by Council and shall be paid in advance of was distributed. President DiBona the members approving the amend- JulyJanuary 1. Honorary members and selected Hannah Carey as parliamen- ments to the Bylaws as follows: emeritus members shall pay no membership tarian. dues. ARTICLE IV. Officers IV. State of the Society SECTION 1. Council. The management DiBona mentioned that each year the of the Society shall be vested in a Council President of the Society has the oppor- consisting of the President, the President- tunity to review the year and to com- Elect, the immediate Past President, and six ment on the state of the Society at the other regular members. The terms of the annual Business Meeting. He noted that President and President-Elect shall be one year. The terms of the six additional as he began his year as President, he Councillors shall be three years each and asked the questions in his Presidential they shall not be eligible for immediate article of where has the Society been reelection except those who have served for and where was it going. Throughout two years or less in filling interim vacancies. this past year, the APS 2000 Strategic A quorum for conducting official busi- Plan was used as the navigational chart. ness of the Society shall be six of the nine Now that he is at the end of the year, he elected members of Council. would like to review what the Society The Chairpersons of the Publications has done. APS President Gerald F. DiBona Committee, the Finance Committee, the Joint Program Committee, the Education The basic machinery for the imple- Committee, the Section Advisory mentation of the Strategic Plan has been II. Election of Officers Committee, and the Executive Director are the working Task Forces that were Executive Director Martin Frank ex officio members of the Council without organized. The first of these to be estab- announced the results of the election of vote; the Chairperson of the Section lished was the Publications Pricing Task Advisory Committee is an ex officio mem- officers that was conducted by mail bal- Force, which was led by Publications ber of the Council with vote. The Council lot. The membership elected Barbara Committee Chair Dale Benos. The rec- may fill any interim vacancies in its mem- ommendations to come out of this Task A. Horwitz, University of California, bership. Council shall appoint members to Force included that the content of the Davis, as President-Elect (April 4, all committees except the Section Advisory 2001-April 24, 2002). The two newly Committee. APS journals should be considered to elected Councillors for three-year terms In the interim between meetings of be primary to the pricing of the journals are Kim E. Barrett, University of Council, an Executive Cabinet consisting of and the method of distribution (whether California, San Diego, and Joseph R. the President, President-Elect, Immediate online or print) secondary. Therefore, (J.R.) Haywood, University of Texas Past President, and the Executive Director the pricing model developed by the shall implement the policies of the Council. Health Science Center at San Antonio Task Force recommended that the 10% margin that the APS publications pro- (April 4, 2001-April 21, 2004). They ARTICLE V. Standing Committees will assume office at the close of the gram needs to generate should be asso- ciated with the content of the journals, Annual Meeting. They are replacing SECTION 6. Section Advisory Committee. William W. Chin and Phyllis M. Wise, A Section Advisory Committee shall be not the method of distribution. As an who are completing two- and three-year composed of one regular member elected by outcome, APS has initiated flexible terms, respectively, on Council. each Section of the Society. Each member market options whereby subscribers can

Vol. 44, No. 4, 2001 157 154th Business Meeting purchase the online version, the print Experimental Biology meeting, includ- tional research conferences; sponsoring version, or both for any journal. In addi- ing “hands-on” sessions, oral sessions, satellite meetings that focus on “physi- tion, the Task Force recommended that symposia, and Featured Topics, as well ology in medicine” at clinical meetings; the Society publish the legacy data as through an annual APS Conference. highlighting translational research in online as quickly as possible. The first such conference, entitled APS journals (a “call for papers” will be The second Task Force to be imple- “Physiological Genomics of included in the June issue of all APS mented was the Public Information/ Cardiovascular Disease,” will be held journals); and encouraging electives in Communications Task Force, under the on February 20-23, 2002, in San physiology laboratories for residents in leadership of Councillor Hannah Francisco, CA. It is being organized by clinical training. The Task Force recom- Carey. The recommendations to come Curt Sigmund and Craig Gelband. mended sponsoring EB workshops on out of this Task Force were divided into The Task Force also recommended that how to organize interdisciplinary two phases. During Phase I, physiology the Society establish an Interest Group research programs, encouraging NIH will be defined for the general public, in Physiological Genomics, as well as funding for interdisciplinary research scientists in general, and scientists iden- in Translational Research (see below). involving basic and clinical scientists, tifying themselves as physiologists. This recommendation was approved at and encouraging industry alliances to Materials will be developed for distri- the Council meeting held just prior to sponsor pre- or postdoctoral training in bution to the media, and an APS Press this Experimental Biology meeting. The translational research as being the most Kit will be developed for APS members group also urged the Society to enhance effective means to encourage greater to use when talking to the media. In the impact of the Postdoctoral interdisciplinary research. It was sug- addition, an APS communications Fellowship in Physiological Genomics, gested that a good way to promote intrastructure will be developed on the to highlight physiological genomics in translational research as a career would Web. Conferences and/or workshops on the APS journals, and to liaison with be to have career opportunity programs training programs in translational phys- NIH and others to develop programs in during the Experimental Biology meet- iology will be held, emphasizing an ini- genomic applications. ing. tiative that President-elect John Hall is The Translational Research Task The most recent Task Force to be championing. During Phase II, the Force was co-chaired by Councillor implemented was a Task Force on materials developed in Phase I will be Steven Hebert and President-elect Sections and Groups, co-chaired by for- used to promote physiology to the gen- John Hall. Their suggestions focused mer Section Advisory Committee Chair eral public, the scientific community, on promoting the instruction of physiol- Richard Traystman and current and physiologists. To begin implement- ogy at all levels of medical education, Section Advisory Committee Chair ing these recommendations, a Request highlighting translational research, Celia Sladek. They have met once and for Proposals was issued recently to encouraging inderdisciplinary research, plan other sessions to develop recom- various communications/media relation and promoting translational research as mendations for Council consideration. firms in the Washington, DC area seek- a career. For promoting the teaching of Upcoming Task Forces that will be ing a company to work with for a one- physiology, the Task Force recommend- organized this year include a Task Force year period to get the program started. ed encouraging physiologists to teach on Awards to consider all the Society A staff person will also be hired to work physiology; encouraging the teaching awards, their level of funding, and with the selected company and to con- of physiology to medical students dur- inclusiveness of all sectors of the tinue the efforts when the contract peri- ing their clinical years and during post- Society; and a Task Force on APS od is over. graduate clinical training; encouraging Foundation and Fund Raising to consid- Two Task Forces were set up to deal the teaching of pathophysiology in er the issue of establishing an APS with the two new research initiatives on medical curricula, during clinical Foundation and the development of a which APS has been and will continue research years, and in physiology PhD fund raising program. to be focusing: physiological genomics training programs; and encouraging the DiBona reminded the membership of and translational research. Councillor mentoring of clinical faculty and resi- the significant additional member bene- William Chin chaired the Physiologi- dents in physiology departments. It was fits that have occurred over the past cal Genomics Task Force. That group suggested that translational research year. Within publications, there is a new recommended that a program be devel- could be highlighted by strengthening venture called “Articles in PresS” in oped to help educate APS members in programmatic ties with the American which APS articles will be published basic and applied physiological Federation for Medical Research, which online immediately on acceptance; the genomics. This would be accomplished is a Guest Society at the Experimental Society’s legacy data back to 1985 will through sessions held during the Biology meeting; organizing transla- be placed online this year, with more to

158 The Physiologist 154th Business Meeting be included in subsequent years; mem- of the expenses and placing content had Council been diligent about linking bers will obtain free access to the entire online is another 4.7% of the expenses. dues with inflation. The increase will online journal collection beginning in Consequently, the ever-declining print take effect on January 1, 2002. Dues January 2002; both Physiological subscription rate comes under scrutiny will not change for affiliate or student Genomics and News in Physiological each year. While the total number of members. Sciences were accepted for inclusion in institutional subscriptions (accounting DiBona then thanked the officers of PubMed Central and Index Medi- for the vast majority of subscriptions the APS for their service over the past cus/Medline; and the Journal of the Society receives) decreased 5% year: Past President Walter F. Boron, Neuroscience from the Society for between 1999 and 2000, the individual President-elect John E. Hall, and Neuroscience is available to APS mem- member subscriptions decreased 15% Councillors Hannah V. Carey, bers at a special rate. With regard to and the non-member individual sub- William W. Chin, Douglas C. Eaton, meetings, the number of APS Confer- scriptions decreased 12%, yielding a Steven C. Hebert, Phyllis M. Wise, ences will be increasing from two per total decrease of 7% in subscriptions. and Jo Rae Wright. He also thanked year to four per year with the addition However, the good news is that, this the committee chairs who serve ex offi- of annual conferences on physiological year for the first time, the Society is cio on Council: Publications Committee genomics and translational research. He beginning to see an offset in the loss of Chair Dale J. Benos, Finance announced that the APS Membership print subscriptions from an increasing Committee Chair Mordecai P. Services Office would be separated into number of online subscriptions. With Blaustein, Education Committee Chair a Meetings Office and a Membership respect to the accessing of online jour- Barbara E. Goodman (former) and Office, allowing sections to have greater nals, DiBona announced that the high- Robert G. Carroll (current), Joint staff support. The recent Latin est access rate went to Physiological Program Committee Chair Judith A. American Initiative, spearheaded by the Reviews, the Society’s number one jour- Neubauer, and Section Advisory International Physiology Committee nal in the Citation Index. Second was Committee Chair Celia D. Sladek. He under the Chairmanship of Hector Advances in Physiology Education, acknowledged those outgoing members Rasgado-Flores, allows Latin Ameri- which is of tremendous benefit to teach- of Council (Past President Walter F. can members to apply for financial sup- ers of physiology but not cited much in Boron and Councillors William W. port for workshops or symposia being the literature. He was pleased to Chin and Phyllis M. Wise) and the held in their countries. Membership in announce that the Society’s newest incoming members (President John E. APS has been internationalized with the journal, Physiological Genomics, came Hall, President-elect Barbara A. acceptance of international members as in third. Horwitz, and Councillors Kim E. Regular members. In addition, since last The Bylaw changes approved by the Barrett and Joseph R. Haywood). He fall, the Membership Committee and membership at this meeting will be also thanked the APS staff, especially Council have been approving member- implemented immediately and have Executive Director Martin Frank, for ship applications on a monthly basis, come from the Strategic Plan (Section all their assistance and efforts during his allowing for more rapid acceptance of Advisory Committee Chair receiving a presidency. scientists as new members. vote on Council) and from the recom- In closing, DiBona thanked the mem- DiBona pointed out that the Society mendations of two committees (Mem- bership for the opportunity to serve the has been increasingly concerned about bership Committee/Finance Committee Society as its Captain. journal revenue, since the majority of for a change in the dues year). Both of the Society’s budget is based on receipt these changes should serve the member- V. Report on Membership of that revenue. He presented a graph ship well. A. Summary of the Membership showing that subscriptions make up In addition, Council decided to Status 68% of the total journal revenue implement an increase in dues for President-Elect John E. Hall report- received, page charges 16%, reprints Regular members from $90 to $100 per ed on the status of the Society member- 9%, color figures and pay-for-view 6%, year. DiBona noted that, in 1996, at the ship. As of March 22, 2001, the current and advertising 1%. On the other hand, time of the last dues increase, the membership of the Society is 10,653, of processing journal content (including Finance Committee had recommended which 7,303 are regular members, 39 review and editorial charges) and get- linking dues to the inflation rate. The are honorary members, 1,107 are emer- ting it ready for publication (copy edit- rate of inflation has averaged 2.5% over itus members, 143 are affiliate mem- ing) account for 77% of the journal the past few years. This increase will bers, and 2,058 are student members. expenses incurred, whereas printing and serve to bring the dues somewhat into The Society also has 23 Sustaining mailing the journals account for 18.3% line with what they should have been Associate members.

Vol. 44, No. 4, 2001 159 154th Business Meeting

B. Deaths Reported Since the Last Meeting Hall read the names of those mem- bers whose deaths had been reported since the last meeting. The membership stood and observed a moment of silence in tribute to their deceased colleagues. VI. Awards and Presentations A. Orr E. Reynolds Award The Orr E. Reynolds Award, estab- lished in 1985 in honor of the second Executive Secretary-Treasurer, is pre- sented for the best historical article sub- mitted by a member of the Society. Members may receive the award only President Gerald F. DiBona, along with William Schmitt from the W.B. Saunders Co., presenting Dee Silverthorn, with the Arthur C. Guyton Teacher of the Year once, and those members who have Award. advanced degrees in the history of sci- ence or medicine are not eligible. The laboratory. The recipient receives recipient receives $500 and expenses to B. Arthur C. Guyton $1,000 and expenses to attend the EB attend the Experimental Biology meet- Teacher of the Year meeting. ing. Award DiBona introduced William Schmitt DiBona was pleased to announce that The Arthur C. Guyton Teacher of the from the W.B. Saunders Company who the 2001 Reynolds Awardee is Knut Year Award was established in 1993 by presented the 2001 Guyton Teacher of Aukland, University of Bergen, the Teaching of Physiology Section and the Year Award to Dee Silverthorn, not- Norway, for his article entitled “Odd E. supported by the W. B. Saunders ing that she had been nominated by her Hanssen and the Hanssen Method for Company, publisher of Guyton’s peers and students for this award. Measurement of Single Nephron Textbook on Medical Physiology, used Glomerular Filtration Rate.” to educate generations of medical and C. Giles F. Filley Memorial Awards In accepting the award, Aukland physiology students. The award is given As a result of a bequest from the fam- noted that “this was my first attempt at to an APS member who is a full-time ily of Giles F. Filley, a memorial fund an historical essay, but I never thought it faculty member of an accredited college was established in 1993 to recognize would give me an award. I was greatly or university and involved in classroom excellence in respiratory physiology surprised and am honored to receive the teaching and not exclusively the teach- and medicine. Two annual awards are Reynolds Award.” ing of graduate students in a research made to investigators who hold an aca-

President Gerald F. DiBona presenting Orr E. President Gerald F. DiBona presenting the Giles F. Filley Award to Reynolds Award to Knut Aukland. Larissa Akimi Shimoda and Karen Anderson Fagan .

160 The Physiologist 154th Business Meeting demic rank no higher than assistant pro- research contributions in the areas of program. DiBona presented the 2001 fessor and are pursuing research in res- neurophysiology and neuropharmacolo- Mandel Award to Daniel C. Devor, piratory physiology and medicine. gy with an emphasis on brainstem con- University of Pittsburgh. Awards are made to APS members trol mechanisms. An award is made to Devor is seeking a molecular under- working in the United States, who have an APS member working in the United standing of the physiology and cell demonstrated outstanding promise States who has demonstrated outstand- biology of a recently cloned potassium based on their research program. ing promise based on his/her research channel that is believed to be responsi- President DiBona presented the 2001 program. DiBona presented the 2001 ble for calcium-mediated chloride awards to Karen Anderson Fagan, Wang Award to Hunter C. Champion, secretory response in the basolateral University of Colorado, Denver, and Johns Hopkins University. cell membrane. Larissa Akimi Shimoda, Johns Champion is investigating whether Devor received a $12,000 check for Hopkins University. increased arginase concentrations result use in his research program, a plaque, Fagan is studying whether intermit- in decreased nitric oxide production, and reimbursement of expenses to tent and continuous alveolar hypoxia since arginase and nitric oxide synthase attend the Experimental Biology meeting. lead to differential expression of genes compete for the same substrate, thereby important in regulating vascular tone playing an important role in the F. Arthur C. Guyton Award for and structure leading to perturbed pul- response to pulmonary hypertension. Excellence in Integrative monary vascular regulation and pul- Champion received a $12,000 check Physiology monary hypertension. She will also for use in his research program, a A donation to the Society in honor of investigate whether repetitive cycling plaque, and reimbursement of expenses Arthur C. Guyton led to the establish- between normoxia and hypoxia with the to attend the Experimental Biology ment in 1997 of an award to recognize resultant generation of reactive oxygen meeting. excellence in integrative physiology. species accounts for the differences in One award is made annually to a regu- gene expression between intermittent E. Lazaro J. Mandel lar APS member who demonstrates out- and chronic hypoxia. Shimoda’s current Young Investigator Award standing promise based on his/her research is on understanding the cellu- As a result of a bequest from the wife research program in feedback, mathe- lar mechanisms underlying the depolar- of Lazaro J. Mandel, a memorial fund matical modeling, and integrative phys- ization, elevation in resting intracellular was established in 1999 to recognize iology. calcium concentration, and changes in excellence in epithelial or renal physiol- President DiBona presented the 2001 calcium ion-dependence of contraction ogy. An annual award is made to an Arthur C. Guyton Award in Integrative in response to ET-1 during exposure to investigator who holds an academic Physiology to Steven J. Swoap, chronic hypoxia to determine whether rank no higher than assistant professor Williams College. they will provide new insight into the and is pursuing research in epithelial or Swoap is planning to use molecular pathogenesis of chronic hypoxic pul- renal physiology. An award is made to biological tools in the physiological set- monary hypertension. an APS member working in the United tings to determine the mechanims for Each recipient received a $25,000 States who has demonstrated outstand- altered phenotype in blood pressure or check for use in her respective research ing promise based on his or her research muscle fiber type. program, a plaque, and reimbursement of expenses to attend the Experimental Biology meeting.

D. Shih-Chun Wang Young Investigator Award As a result of a bequest from the wife of Shih-Chun Wang, a memorial fund was established in 1998 to recognize excellence in physiology. Shih-Chun Wang was the Pfeiffer Professor of Pharmacology at Columbia University and a long-standing member of The President Gerald F. DiBona presenting President Gerald F. DiBona presenting American Physiological Society. He Hunter C. Champion with the Shih- Daniel C. Devor with the Lazaro J. was internationally recognized for his Chun Wang Young Investigator Award. Mandel Young Investigator Award.

Vol. 44, No. 4, 2001 161 154th Business Meeting

Harmeet Malhi from the Albert sumer products corporation, provides Einstein College of Medicine, and support for the APS Professional Op- Graduate Student Imran N. Mungrue portunities Awards. The APS sections from the University of Toronto. selected 17 predoctoral students who Malhi is investigating a rodent model are within 12-18 months of receiving a of oxidative hepatic injury with persist- PhD degree and are presenting a paper ent hepatocyte losses in the long-term as first author at the spring meeting. and its potential for testing therapeutic Paid registration and $500 checks were interventions. Mungrue is studying the given to the awardees (see p. 167). myocardial over-expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in mice J. Minority Travel Fellowships models of human heart disease. Frank announced that 49 Minority Travel Fellowship awards, funded by H. Caroline tum Suden/Frances NIDDK and NIGMS, were presented to Hellebrandt Professional minority students to help them attend Opportunity Awards the Experimental Biology 2001 meeting President Gerald F. DiBona presenting Arthur C. Guyton Award in Integrative Thirty-six awards were made possi- (see p. 167). Physiology to Steven J. Swoap. ble by the bequests of Caroline tum Suden and Frances Hellebrandt, who K. Recognition of Outgoing Swoap received a $12,000 check for were long-time members of the Society. Section Chairs use in his research program, a plaque, Awards are open to graduate students or Kathleen H. Berecek, Chair of the and reimbursement of expenses to postdoctoral fellows who present papers Cardiovascular Section; Robert B. attend the Experimental Biology meet- at the spring meeting. Recipients Gunn, Chair of the Cell and Molecular ing. receive a $500 check for travel to the Physiology Section; Charles M. Experimental Biology meeting, paid Tipton, Chair of the Environmental and G. Liaison With Industry Awards registration, and have access to the Exercise Physiology Section; and The Liaison With Industry Awards FASEB Placement Service. Susan David H. Wasserman, Chair of the are given to the graduate student and the Barman, Chair of the Women in Endocrinology and Metabolism postdoctoral fellow submitting the best Physiology Committee, presented the Section, complete their terms at the abstract describing a novel disease awards (see p. 166). close of this meeting. DiBona expressed model. This is the second year these pleasure in having had the opportunity awards have been given. DiBona and I. Procter & Gamble Professional to serve in a leadership capacity with Glenn A. Reinhart, a representative of Opportunity Awards them and recognized their dedication the Liaison With Industry Committee, The Procter and Gamble Company, a and guidance to their individual sec- presented the 2001 Liaison With Indus- multinational, technically based con- tions as well as the Society. try Awards to Postdoctoral Fellow

President Gerald F. DiBona and Glenn Reinhart, representing President Gerald F. DiBona presents a plaque to outgoing the Liaison With Industry Committee, present Liaison With Cardiovascular Section Chair Kathleen Berecek. Industry Award winners Harmeet Malhi (postdoctoral fellow) and Imran Mungrue (graduate student) with plaques.

162 The Physiologist 154th Business Meeting

VII. Passing of the Gavel DiBona then turned the gavel over to John E. Hall, University of Mississippi, the incoming President of the American Physiological Society. Hall thanked DiBona on behalf of the Society membership for all he accom- plished for APS throughout the past year, noting that through his efforts, he moved the Society forward. Hall thanked the membership for the oppor- tunity to serve as President of the Society. There being no new business, the President Gerald F. DiBona presents a President Gerald F. DiBona passes the meeting was adjourned at 6:37 PM,April plaque to Past President Walter F. gavel to President-Elect John Hall. 3, 2001. ❖ Boron. John E. Hall President-Elect

L. Recognition of Outgoing posed the use of 4% of the interest on Councillors the investment accounts for Society Councillors William W. Chin and programs rather than cut programs to Phyllis M. Wise complete their terms at balance the budget. It was under his the close of this meeting. DiBona guidance that the APS Nominating expressed pleasure in having had the Committee ensured that APS would opportunity to serve on Council with have its second female President. He them and recognized their dedication thanked Boron for his excellent and and guidance to the Society. dedicated service to the Society, pre- Announcing that this is Walter F. senting him with a plaque honoring his Boron’s last meeting as an officer of the presidency. Society, DiBona noted that it was a spe- Boron thanked the Council and cial pleasure to recognize Boron for his Society membership for the opportunity strong leadership of the Society. He to serve as President, noting that “the pointed out that Boron served as Chair three years on Council and the three of the Renal Section, Editor of serving as President were the most Physiological Reviews, and as rewarding in my scientific life. Thanks Councillor before being elected for the memories.” President. Under his leadership he pro-

APS Council: Front (l to r): Barbara Horwitz, John Hall, Gerald DiBona, Walter Boron, Celia Sladek. Back (l to r): Kim Barrett, Dale Benos, Robert Carroll, Mordecai Blaustein, Phyllis Wise, Jo Rae Wright, Douglas Eaton, Steven Hebert, Hannah Carey, J.R. Haywood, Judy Neubauer.

Vol. 44, No. 4, 2001 163 Awards

President Gerald F. DiBona presenting the Past President Walter F. Boron presenting the Henry Walter B. Cannon Lecture Award to Robert Pickering Bowditch Lecture Award plaque to Peter Lefkowitz. Deen.

APS Past Presidents: Back (l to r): Allen Cowley, Jr., Leonard (Jim) Jefferson, John West, Shu Chien, Aubrey Taylor, L. Gabriel Navar, Vernon Bishop, James Schafer, Stanley Schultz. Front (l to r): Walter Boron, Barbara Horwitz, Gerald DiBona, Bodil Schmidt-Nielsen, John Hall.

APS Section Advisory Committee: Front (l to r) Thomas Lohmeier, Kathleen Berecek, Celia Sladek, Dee Silverthorn, Jeff Sands. Back (l to r): Michael Matthay, Robert Gunn, David Evans, Helen Raybould, David Wasserman, Jeanne Seagard, Charles Tipton, Susan Barman, Ken Baldwin.

164 The Physiologist Awards

Folk Receives Daggs Award Ray G. Daggs was the APS EEP Section and in recent years to Executive Secretary-Treasurer the History of Physiology Group. from 1956 until his retirement in Folk’s continuous scientific 1972. In tribute to his devotion to excellence in environmental the Society, the Ray G. Daggs research has gained him interna- Award was established and is tional recognition, evidenced by given annually to a physiologist his many invitations to lecture in a for distinguished service to the variety of regions around the Society and to the science of phys- world. He has had a life-long fasci- iology. The recipient receives $500 nation and enthusiasm for his and expenses to attend the “field research” which he conducts Experimental Biology meeting. on animals in their natural state DiBona was pleased to announce under challenging conditions. He that the recipient of the 2001 Ray was among the first to implant APS President Gerald DiBona presents the Ray G. G. Daggs Award is G. Edgar Folk. radio transmitters for recording Daggs Award to G. Edgar Folk. Folk became a member of APS body temperature, heart rate, activ- just three years prior to Daggs’ appoint- He participated, under Orr Reynolds’ ity, and other physiological parameters ment as the Society’s Executive guidance, in dividing the Society into on lemmings, wolves, and polar bears, Secretary-Treasurer. Folk became a Sections. Currently he is serving his as well as hibernating squirrels. Many member of APS in 1953 and continues, second appointment to the Senior of these studies were conducted in the after 48 years, to be an active member Physiologists Committee and to the arctic, Alaska, or other sites where the of APS. He received his PhD from Joint Program Committee. The environment is extreme. Harvard University in 1947 and after Environmental and Exercise Physiology His extensive bibliography numbers World War II became the director of the (EEP) Section selected him as the about 300 scientific reports and papers. Fatigue Laboratory at Harvard. He Section’s “Distinguished Scientist” for He co-authored a chapter in the APS moved directly from that position to his service within the Section. He Handbook of Physiology: Environmen- become a faculty member of the chaired the committee that established tal Physiology. He has authored one of Department of Physiology and the Belding Prize for distinguished the first textbooks concerned with envi- Biophysics at the University of Iowa research. In addition, a “Folk Award,” ronmental physiology. A recent revision where he has assumed leadership roles now called the APS Senior Physiologist of this premier book, entitled Principles of responsibility and has displayed Award, was established which provides of Integrative Environmental Physiolo- innovativeness in his science. funds to senior physiologists to attend gy is currently serving environmental Folk is preeminently qualified for the APS meetings or to publish papers physiologists around the world. Over Ray Daggs award. Soon after becoming when they would not otherwise have the the years he has trained PhD students, an APS member, Folk joined the resources. Over the past three years Masters students, and postdoctoral fel- Society’s Committee that not only Folk has been the convener and co-chair lows, and has hosted visiting professors. founded the Journal of Applied of the History of Physiology Group’s Folk’s unusual teaching and mentoring Physiology but also planned the jour- symposium during those EB meetings. skills have been recognized by all of his nal’s design. Folk served on that jour- The symposium in Washington, DC was colleagues and students. nal’s Editorial Board for several years. on the “History of Cold Physiology” (a It is with pleasure and pride that in During his near half century as a mem- subject on which Folk has written a 2001 the APS recognizes G. Edgar Folk ber of APS, Folk has been an exempla- book), the one in San Diego was on the as the Ray G. Daggs Awardee. He has ry and dedicated member. He has “History of Transplantation,” and the made significant contributions to APS, attended 64 meetings-probably 65, if one here in Orlando is on the “History is a foremost researcher in environmen- we count the present meeting (that was of Exercise Physiology Behind the Iron tal science, and has made a difference to because APS used to have meetings in Curtain During the Cold War.” his students, his department, the EEP the spring and fall.) Folk has encouraged his students, Section, to the History of Physiology Further evidence of Folk’s dedication postdoctoral fellows, and visiting pro- Group, and to the Society in general. to the Society are his active service on fessors to become members of the We believe that Ray G. Daggs would numerous and varied committees that Society. His contributions to Society applaud, with the rest of us, the selec- number close to a dozen over the years. over the years have brought honor to the tion of G. Edgar Folk as the 2001

Vol. 44, No. 4, 2001 165 Awards awardee. sponsor, Jack Welch, in the laboratory active. He is just one on a list of people In accepting the Daggs Award, Folk at Cambridge. When I got my PhD, he who have been an inspiration to me. expressed his “thanks to the Daggs had just discovered the third neurohor- Thank you, again, for this honor.” ❖ Award Committee and to APS for giv- mone. Now there are 50 some. I call this ing me this award. When I think of role condensed history. I talked to him models, I think mainly of my PhD recently at the age of 99 and he is still

Graduate Students and Postdoctoral Fellows Receive Caroline tum Suden/Frances A. Hellebrandt Professional Opportunity Awards Graduate students and postdoctoral fellows who were first Prasad V.G. Katakam, Univ. of Iowa authors on an abstract submitted to Experimental Biology Carissa M. Krane, Univ. of Cincinnati 2001 in Orlando, FL were eligible to apply for the Caroline Edward Wolfgang Lee, Georgetown Univ. tum Suden/Frances A. Hellebrandt Professional Opportunity Wen Li, Univ. of Mississippi Award. The APS Women in Physiology Committee, chaired Xiaorong Liu, Medical College of Wisconsin by Susan Barman, Michigan State University, selected 36 Pamela Lloyd, Univ. of Missouri-Columbia awardees from a pool of 123 applicants. Applicants were cho- Christopher J. Madden, Univ. of Pittsburgh sen based on the quality and novelty of their abstracts, and Sarah D. McCarter, Univ. of Western Ontario letters written by the candidates describing their career goals, Carol Moreno, Medical College of Wisconsin research, and why they were particularly deserving of the Melissa M. Morse, Medical College of Wisconsin award. Each awardee received $500, a certificate of recogni- Patrick J. Mueller, Univ. of Missouri-Columbia tion, and complimentary registration for the EB 2001 meet- Beth A. Nordby, Temple Univ. ing. Awards were presented during the APS Business Meeting Michael J. Ryan, Univ. of Iowa at EB 2001. Awardees were: Rachel D. Smetanka, Univ. of Iowa Tracy Baker, Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison Anna Solowiej, Yale Univ. Lone S. Bertelsen, Univ. of California-San Diego Christina M. Spofford, Medical College of Wisconsin Jerome W. Breslin, Univ. of Medicine and Dentistry, NJ James S. Swaney, Univ. of California, San Diego Robert W. Brock, Univ. of Western Ontario Mark K. Todd, Univ. of Southern California Emily L. Chan, Univ. of TX Southwestern Med.Center Zoltan I. Ungvari, New York Medical College Xuequn Chen, Univ. of Michigan Bas W. M. van Balkom, Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen Marc Egli, Centre Hospitalier Univ. Vaudois Shi-Qiang Wang, NIH/National Institute on Aging Pietro R. Galassetti, Vanderbilt Univ. Erica Wehrwein, Western Michigan University Ian N. Hines, Louisiana State Univ. Shao-Ling Zhang, Univ. of Montreal Greta L. Hoetzer, Univ. of Colorado Matthew C. Zimmerman, Univ. of Iowa ❖ Fruzsina K. Johnson, Tulane Univ. Steven P. Jones, Louisiana State Univ.

Caroline tum Suden/Frances Hellebrandt Professional Opportunity Awardees.

166 The Physiologist Awards

Procter & Gamble Professional Opportunity Awards

Once again, the APS has been able to recognize the valu- Gastrointestinal Section able contributions of predoctoral students to the science of Ian N. Hines, Louisiana State Univ. physiology as a result of a generous contribution provided by Neural Control & Autonomic Regulation Section the Procter & Gamble Company. Students who were first Christopher J. Madden, Univ. of Pittsburgh authors on an abstract submitted to EB 2001 in Orlando, FL Renal Section were eligible to apply for the Procter & Gamble Professional Traci Taylor, Medical College of Georgia Opportunity Award through one of the 12 Sections of the Respiratory Section Society. Award recipient selection was made by the Sections, Le Ann Blomberg, Georgetown Univ. and the number of awards each Section made was based on Teaching of Physiology Section the number of applications submitted. Each awardee received Theresa L. O’Donaughy, Univ. of New Mexico $500, a certificate of recognition, and complimentary regis- Water & Electrolyte Homeostasis Section tration for the Experimental Biology meeting. They were pre- Kathleen Beutler, NHLBI, NIH ❖ sented their awards at the APS Business Meeting at EB 2001. Awardees were:

Cardiovascular Section Matthew J. Huentelman, Univ. of Florida Steven P. Jones, Louisiana State Univ. Michael B. Kim, Univ. of Rochester Kevin Monahan, Pennsylvania State Univ. Melissa M. Morse, Medical College of Wisconsin Christina M. Spofford, Medical College of Wisconsin Cell & Molecular Physiology Section Julie L. Ponthier, Louisiana State Univ. Comparative Physiology Section Peter Piermarini, Univ. of Florida Endocrinology & Metabolism Section Joshua C. Anthony, Pennsylvania State Univ. Environmental & Exercise Physiology Section Paige C. Geiger, Mayo Clinic & Foundation Procter & Gamble Awardees.

NIDDK/NIGMS Minority Travel Fellowship Awards

The APS has awarded Travel Fellowships to minorities to offer guidance on appropriate sessions to attend, introduce attend the Experimental Biology meeting each spring since Fellows to other scientists, and provide career advice. This 1987. These travel awards are supported by the National component helps Fellows to maximize their time and more Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases fully experience the many aspects of EB. One student made (NIDDK) and the National Institute of General Medical the following comment in the follow-up evaluation: “This Sciences (NIGMS). Awardees are provided with funds for was my first EB meeting and I think it was worth attending. I transportation, meals, lodging, and complimentary meeting met some very helpful and interesting scientists. I gathered a registration. The APS Porter Physiology Development lot of information from the meeting that (will) help me fine- Committee reviews and selects applicants for this award. This tune my hypotheses and improve my experimental proce- year, 45 minority students and postdoctoral fellows were dures.” Another student wrote that the fellowship “…gives selected from 64 applications to receive fellowships, enabling me the opportunity to interact/socialize with leaders in the them to attend EB 2001 in Orlando, FL. research community. It is fun and reinforces my desire to Travel Fellows in this APS program frequently cite the become a scientist.” In their comments, Fellows often pairing of each Fellow with an APS member to serve as expressed their appreciation that the program provides not his/her mentor for the duration of the EB meeting as one of just financial assistance, but professional guidance, as well. the most valuable components of the fellowship. Mentors The mentors who volunteered this year are much appreciated

Vol. 44, No. 4, 2001 167 Awards for offering their time and expertise, especially the numerous Billie J. Foote, Fort Belknap College APS members who have made this contribution for many Karesa R. Fox, Fort Belknap College years in a row. Gerald Frank, Vanderbilt Univ. Fellows and their mentors attended a closing luncheon at Rayna Gonzales, Univ. of New Mexico EB to hear from guest speakers and to receive certificates Orlando Gonzalez, Univ. of Puerto Rico honoring their successful participation in the program from Paul Gray, Univ. of California, Los Angeles Martin Frank, APS Executive Director. Fellows saw the Hantz Hercule, Texas Southern Univ. luncheon as a welcome opportunity to compare notes on their Gerardo Hernandez, Ponce School of Medicine scientific activities of the week. D. Euan MacIntyre of Gerald Herrera, Univ. of Vermont Merck Research Laboratories, a generous contributor to APS Vallie Holloway, Florida A&M Univ. fellowship programs, spoke to the audience about career pos- Allison Ivy, Meharry Medical Center sibilities in industry, and APS member Evangeline Motley of Theresa John, Univ. of Illinois at Chicago Meharry Medical College then gave a well-received talk Kristen Kaba, Univ. of Rochester about the value of looking at all possibilities that arise while Ollie Kelly-Appleberry, Emory Univ. advancing through different career stages. Keri Kles, Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign The travel awards are open to graduate students, postdoc- Terrence Lewis, Delaware State Univ. toral students, and advanced undergraduate students from Joseph Lopez, Vanderbilt Univ. minority groups underrepresented in science (i.e., African Johnalyn Lyles, Univ. of Maryland, Baltimore Americans, Hispanics, Native Americans, and Pacific Edward Medina, Univ. of California, Davis Islanders). Students must be US citizens or permanent resi- Maria Medina, Univ. of California, Davis dents. The specific intent of this award is to increase partici- Catherynne Morgan, Univ. of Arizona pation of pre- and postdoctoral minority students in the phys- Donna Ortiz, New Mexico Highlands Univ. iological sciences. For more information, contact the APS Rudy Ortiz, Univ. of California, Santa Cruz Education Office at 301-530-7132 or [email protected] Omar Quintero, Duke Univ. Medical Center .org, or visit http://www.the-aps.org/education/minority_prog Christie K. Redmon, Meharry Medical College /index.htm on the APS website. Jayne Reuben, Florida A&M Univ. EB 2001 AWARDEES WERE: Cassandra Reyes, Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Erwin Bautista, Univ. of California, Davis Cherilynn Reynolds, Meharry Medical College Jabbar Bennett, Meharry Medical College John Scheel, Univ. of California, San Diego Richard Beswick, Univ. of Michigan Christopher Selhorst, Univ. of California, Santa Cruz Robert Carter III, Univ. of North Texas Dean Snow, Fort Belknap College Sonya Coaxum, Univ. of Michigan Andra Stevenson, Univ. of Vermont Nancy Correa-Matos, Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Torry Tucker, Univ. of Alabama at Birmingham Peter Daudu, Univ. of Pennsylvania Julia Wilkerson, Univ. of Wisconsin at Madison Martin Farias III, Univ. of North Texas Marcelo Febo, Univ. of Puerto Rico School of Medicine EB 2001 MENTORS WERE: Karen Feng, Univ. of Arizona Francisco H. Andrade, Case Western Reserve Univ. Patrizia Flores, New Mexico Highlands Univ. Mouhamed S. Awayda, Tulane Univ.

NIDDK/NIGMS Minority Travel Fellow Awardees. NIDDK/NIGMS Minority Travel Fellow Awardees.

168 The Physiologist Awards

Babu Balagopal, Nemours Children’s Clinic Adebayo Oyekan, Texas Southern Univ. Susan M. Barman, Michigan State Univ. C. Subah Packer, Indiana Univ. School of Medicine Kathleen H. Berecek, Univ. of Alabama at Birmingham Richard J. Paul, Univ. of Cincinnati Eldon J. Braun, Univ. of Arizona David Robertshaw, Cornell Univ. Steven Britton, Medical College of Ohio Mohammed Sayeed, Loyola Univ. William M. Chilian, Medical College of Wisconsin Colleen R. Talbot, California State Univ., San Bernardino Parimal Chowdhury, Univ. of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Richard C. Vari, Univ. of North Dakota Margaret Colden-Stanfield, Morehouse School of Medicine Alice R. Villalobos, Univ. of Rochester John Cuppoletti, Univ. of Cincinnati Peter Wagner, Univ. of California, San Diego Dipak K. Das, Univ. of Connecticut Marian Walters, Tulane Univ. ❖ Michael J. Davis, Texas A&M Univ. Karen Fagan, Univ. of Colorado Barbara Goodman, Univ. of South Dakota Eddie L. Greene, Mayo Clinic Pamela J. Gunter-Smith, Spelman College Lisa M. Harrison-Bernard, Tulane Univ. Thomas C. Herzig, Uniformed Services Univ. Cynthia Jackson, Univ. of West Georgia Irving G. Joshua, Univ. of Louisville Lauren Gerard Koch, Medical College of Ohio Ulla Kopp, Univ. of Iowa Klaus Ley, Univ. of Virginia Owen McGuinness, Vanderbilt Univ. Evangeline Motley, Meharry Medical College Suhayla Mukaddam-Daher, Univ. of Montreal APS Executive Director Martin Frank with speakers C. Leo Ortiz, Univ. of California, Santa Cruz Evangeline Motley and D. Euan MacIntyre, Merck.

attend a one-week retreat to explore inquiry-based teaching, Explorations in develop an inquiry-based lab activity for publication, and attend Experimental Biology 2002. Biomedicine 2001 More information about this program is available at Summer Research http://www.the-aps.org/education/expl/index.htm.

Teacher Awards Explorations in Biomedicine 2001 Awards:

The APS Education Office is pleased to announce the 2001 Eric Myers awardees of the Explorations in Biomedicine summer Ashland Public School, Ashland, MT research program for science teachers. This program works Research Host: Amy J. Davidoff, Ph.D., University of New with science faculty and teachers at Montana colleges and England, Biddeford, ME schools serving Native American reservations to create an atmosphere that encourages science studies, the exploration Teresa Romo and pursuit of biomedical research careers, and opportuni- Wolf Point Junior/Senior High School, Wolf Point, MT ties for students to interact with biomedical researchers Research Host: Thomas C. Herzig, Ph.D., Uniformed across the nation. This year, two science teachers will work Services University, Bethesda, MD in the laboratories of APS members during the summer,

Vol. 44, No. 4, 2001 169 Experimental Biology 2002

Experimental Biology 2002 April 20-24, 2002 New Orleans, LA Physiology InFocus Translating the Genome: Physiology and Pathosphysiology of Obesity Organizer: John E. Hall

Gene-Environment Interactions in Obesity Endocrine/Metabolic Consequences of Obesity Theodore Kurtz and James Hill Barbara Horwitz and Barbara Kahn

Neurobiology of Obesity Obesity and Cardiovascular Regulation William Haynes and Michael Schwartz Allyn Mark and John Hall

Section Distinguished Lectureships August Krogh Distinguished Lectureship of the APS Solomon A. Berson Distinguished Lectureship Comparative Physiology Section of the APS Endocrinology & Metabolism Section Lecturer: Albert F. Bennett, University of CA, Irvine Lecturer: Bruce M. Spiegelman, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Title: Experimental Evolution: Generating Biological Novelty for Functional and Genetic Anayses Robert M. Berne Distinguished Lectureship of the APS Cardiovascular Section Carl Ludwig Distinguished Lectureship Lecturer: David Harrison, Emory University of the APS Neural Control & Autonomic Regulation Title: Regulation of Vasomotor Tone by Redox Status: Section Physiological and Pathophysiological Implications Lecturer: Suzanne Oparil, Univ of Alabama, Birmingham Title: The Anterior Hypothalamic Area: Gatekeeper in the Hugh Davson Distinguished Lectureship Pathogenesis of Salt-Sensitive Hypotension of the APS Cell & Molecular Physiology Section Lecturer: Harvey F. Lodish, Whitehead Institute Carl W. Gottschalk Distinguished Lectureship for Biomedical Research, MIT of the APS Renal Section Title: ACRP30 and Fatty Acid Transport Proteins- Lecturer: Bliss Forbush, Yale University New Approaches to Obesity and Diabetes

Claude Bernard Distinguished Lectureship Ernest H. Starling Distinguished Lectureship of the APS Teaching of Physiology Section of the APS Water & Electrolyte Homeostasis Section Lecturer: Penelope Hansen, Memorial University, Newfoundland Lecturer: Richard Lifton, Yale University Title: Physiology’s Recondite Curriculum Title: Genetics, the Kidney and Hypertension

Joseph Erlanger Distinguished Lectureship Horace W. Davenport Distinguished Lectureship of the APS Central Nervous System Section of the APS Gastrointestinal Section Lecturer: Celia Sladek, Finch University of Health Lecturer: John A. Williams, University of Michigan Sciences, Chicago Medical School Title: Regulation of The Synthesis and Secretion of Title: Regulation of the Neurohypophyseal System: Pancreatic Digestive Enzymes by Diet and Neurotransmitter, Neuropeptide, and Steroid Hormones Hormone Interactions Edward F. Adolph Distinguished Lectureship Julius H. Comroe Jr. Distinguished Lectureship of the APS Environmental & Exercise Physiology Section of the APS Respiration Section Lecturer: Peter D. Wagner, University of California, Lecturer: Norman Staub, Stinson Beach, CA San Diego Title: Prevention and Treatment of Pulmonary and Title: Maximum Oxygen Consumption and its Limitation: Systemic Responses to Endotoxin: Whole Animal the Good, the Bad and the Molecular Physiology Redux

170 The Physiologist Experimental Biology 2002

Societal Lectures

Physiology in Perspective: The Walter B. Cannon The Walter C. Randall Lecture in Biomedical Ethics Memorial Award Lecture TBD Allen W. Cowley, Jr., Medical College of Wisconsin FASEB Excellence in Science Award Lecture Henry Pickering Bowditch Award Lecture Phyllis Wise, University of Kentucky College of Medicine Pontus B. Persson, Johannes-Müller Inst for Physiol of Title: Estrogens: Potent Protective Factors in the Adult Charité Berlin and Aging Brain Title: Control of Renin, From Cell Lysates to the Conscious Dog

Section-Sponsored Symposia Hypoxia, Ischemia, Na, Ca, and Cytoprotection Disorders of Sodium Transport and Blood Pressure Regulation Steve Anderson Stuart Linas Common Brainstem Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Cardiac Fibroblasts and Heart Failure and Respiratory Control Pamela A. Lucchesi and Willa Hseuh W.W. (Bill) Blessing and J. Michael Wyss Adaptive Responses of Cardiac Muscle Physiology of Physical Inactivity’s Induction Ruben Mestril of Chronic Disorders. The Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, Sleep, and Breathing Frank W. Booth and John Holloszy Eugene Nattie Sex and Nonsex - Estrogen and the Aging Hypothalamus Redox Control of Skeletal Muscle Adaptation John T. Clark Michael B. Reid and Scott K. Powers Incorporating Case Studies in the Physiology Classroom Viruses, Ion Channels and Ion Transporters William H. Cliff John M. Russell Role of Endothelin ETB Receptors in Cardiorenal Function New Paradigms in Neovascularization Gregory D. Fink Gina C. Schatteman and Takayuki Asahara Comparative Models to Understanding Molecular Apoptosis and Organ Injury Mechanisms in Hypertension Mechanisms of Solute Transport Geert W. Schmid-Schonbein and Matthew A. Boegehold Greg G. Goss Epithelial Channels: Regulation by Differentiation Mechanisms of Estrogen Effects on the Cardiovascular and Growth Factors System James D. Stockand and Stanley Rane David R. Gross Neural Control of the Cerebral Circulation Functional Heterogeneity in the Renal Microcirculation William T. Talman Lisa M. Harrison-Bernard and Rodger D. Loutzenhiser Bioinformatics in Physiological Genomics Mechanisms of Vascular Remodeling: Temporal Events Peter Tonellato From Stimulus to Structural and Functional Changes Mesenchymal-Epithelial Interactions in Lung Development Michael A. Hill and Gerald Meininger and Repair-Are Modeling and Remodeling One New Developments in Renal Acid-Base Transport and the Same Process? and Its Regulation John S. Torday Mark A. Knepper and Susan Wall Genetic Adaptation to Cold Ion Channels and Hypoxia Lawrence Wang Diana L. Kunze Cellular Biomechanics in the Lung Role of Myostatin in Regulating Muscle Growth Christopher M. Waters Se-Jin Lee Estrogen: a Potent Neuroprotective Factor Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Ischemic Liver Injury Phyllis M. Wise Alex B. Lentsch

Vol. 44, No. 4, 2001 171 Experimental Biology 2002

Section-Sponsored Featured Topics Muscle Fatigue Living at Extreme Temperatures: Genes to Organisms William Ameredes and Thomas M. Nosek Marina Marjanovic Formation of Epithelia in the Embryonic Kidney Ventilator Induced Lung Injury: in vivo and in vitro Jonathan Barasch Mechanisms Insights Into Epithelial Transport Physiology Gleaned From Michael Matthay Interactions with Intestinal Pathogens Helping Students Understand Physiology Through the Use Kim Barrett of General Models Signal Transduction Mechanisms for O2 Homeostasis Harold Modell Barbara S. Beckman and Nanduri Prabhakar Cardiovascular and Endocrine Control in Mice: Eicosanoids and Fever A Mouse is Not a Small Rat Clark M. Blatteis and Wieslaw Kozak Marianna Morris Energy Metabolism in Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle Integration of Volume Regulation and Cardiovascular Marco Cabrera Function, an Application of Comparative Physiology Neural Mechanisms Impacting Sodium Balance and Arterial Kenneth Olson Pressure in Hypertension and Heart Failure Physiological Genomics: Disease Gene Therapy Heimo Ehmke M. Ian Phillips and Curt D. Sigmund Molecular Bases of Local Calcium Signaling Cardiovascular Genomics J. Kevin Foskett Mohan K. Raizada and Kathleen Berecek Regulation of Vascular Tone: Parallel Versus Redundant Oxygen Dependent Signaling in Pulmonary Vascular Control Mechanisms Smooth Muscle Cell Jefferson C. Frisbee Usha Raj Applications of Physiological Genomics: The Discovery of Orthostatic Tachycardia and Hypotensive Syndromes Novel Genes for Volume and Pressure Regulation David Robertson Andrew Greene Skeletal Muscle Circulation: Neural and Mechanical Physiological Genomics: Transgenic Models and Gene Determinants-Wiggers Award Featured Topic Regulation Loring B. Rowell Kenneth W. Gross and Robin L. Davisson Chemoreflexes in Health and Disease: Recent Perspectives Redox Regulation of Vascular Function-Berne Lecture in Cardiovascular Control Featured Topic Harold Schultz David Harrison Fetal Programming of Post-Natal Cardiovascular Epithelial Calcium Channels: From Identification to Regulation Physiology and Pathophysiology Jeff Schwartz and Kent Thornburg Matthias Hediger Gap Junctions in CO2 Chemoreception Interfacing Molecular and Integrative Physiology of the Irene C. Solomon and Jay B. Dean Kidney: Na Transporters and Channels in Complex Dietary Fat: Physiology and Metabolic Consequences Disease Models Patrick Tso Mark Knepper Proteinases: Novel Signaling Molecules in Gastrointestinal Microvascular Regulation in Genetic and Acquired E-NOS Function and Dysfunction Deficiency John L. Wallace Akos Koller Sensory Afferents and Cardiovascular Regulation Exercise-Induced Cardioprotection: Unique Insights From Donna Wang and Steven Mifflin Cardiac, Smooth and Skeletal Muscle Ontogeny of Cardiorespiratory Mechanisms: Donna H. Korzick An Evolutionary Perspective Physiological Mechanisms of Neuronal Plasticity in the Stephen J. Warburton Mature Nervous System History of Gastric Secretion Eve E. Marder and J. Michael Wyss John B. West Protein Transport Across Lung Air-Blood Barrier Emerging Views of Epithelial Chloride Channels Asrar B. Malik N.K. Wills and P. Fong Membrane Transport Autoinhibitory Domains Which Oxidase is the Most Important in Vascular Signaling? Mark Milanick Michael S. Wolin

172 The Physiologist Experimental Biology 2002

Cross-Sectional Symposia

The Sensory Functions of the DEG/ENaC Superfamily Translational Research in Preeclampsia and of Ion Channels Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension Dale J. Benos and Bruce A. Stanton Raouf A. Khalil and Phyllis August Cell-Cell Crosstalk in the Generation of Inflammation Vascular Consequences of Oxidant Stress Jahar Bhattacharya Bruce Pitt and Francis Miller

Guest Society Symposia American Federation for Medical Research Spanish Physiological Society (SECF) (AFMR) Cyclooxygenase-2 and Renal Function The Promise for Therapeutic Intervention in Obesity: F. Javier Salazar and Jurgen Schnermann The Brain and Beyond David D’Alessio Association of Latin American Physiological Potentiation of the Development of Atherosclerosis Societies (ALACF) by Diabetes Rhythms in Reproduction Boris Draznin Rosalinda Guevara-Guzmán and Robyn Hudson Endothelial Dysfunction in End Stage Renal Disease Michael Goligorsky and Christine Baylis Diagnosis and Treatment with Atrial Natriuretic Metabolism Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine David L. Vesely (SEBM) The Role of Angiotensin and Oxidative Stress in the Biomedical Engineering Society Development of Hypertension Bioengineering Approaches to Enhance Gene Delivery Juan C. Romero Mark Davis Nanotechnology in Bioengineering and Biology The Microcirculatory Society (MCS) Tejdal Desai Microcirculatory Society President’s Symposium: Signaling Manipulations to Enhance New Tissue Formation in Cells of the Microvascular Wall Frank C-P. Yin Ingrid Sarelius Microcirculatory Society Landis Award Lecture Microcirculatory Society Young Investigator Session David Stepp Tutorials and Workshops

How to Be a Good Mentor; How to Be a Good Mentee Refresher Course: Topics in Medical Neurophysiology Susan M. Barman Cheryl M. Heesch and Thomas J. Cunningham

Career Opportunities in Physiology: Taking The Next Step Physiology and Risk Assessment: Predicting Adverse Effects Francis L. Belloni of New Chemicals on Critical Organ Functions Lewis B. Kinter and Alan S. Bass How to Get Published in APS Journals Dale Benos Techniques & Technology in Physiology Tutorial: Bioinformatics for the Physiologist Understanding Organ Function Through Real-Time Peter Tonellato Fluorescence Microscopy Jahar Bhattacharya and Bruce Pitt

Vol. 44, No. 4, 2001 173 APS Awards

The following APS Awards are available three members of APS appointed annu- tors entering a new field of research. to the membership. For mor information ally by Council in consultation with the Members in good standing interested and applications, please see the APS web chair of the History of Physiology in applying should submit an applica- site (http://www.the-aps.org/awards) Group. At least one member will be a tion including a curriculum vitae, justi- professional historian. fication for an award, description of Ray G. Daggs Award Manuscripts should conform to the enhancement activity and current This annual award is presented to a style used in APS journals. Manuscripts research program, and anticipated budg- physiologist who is judged to have pro- should be sent to the Orr E. Reynolds et for the proposed program of enhance- vided distinguished service to the sci- Award, American Physiological Society, ment. The applicant must also include a ence of physiology and APS. Selection is 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD letter of support either from his/her made by Daggs Award Committee. The 20814-3991, by December 1. The award department chair, laboratory host, or recipient receives an honorarium of will be presented at the Society Business other appropriate individual. $500, a plaque, and expenses to partici- Meeting. pate in the EB meeting. The Award is Teaching Career presented at the Society Business Senior Physiologist Award Enhancement Awards Meeting. The Senior Physiologist Fund has Deadlines: April 15 and October 15 been set up through the generosity of The Teaching Career Enhancement Orr E. Reynolds HistoryAward family andformer graduate students and Awards are designed to enhance the Deadline: December 1 postdoctoral fellows of G. Edgar Folk to career potential of regular members. The The Orr E. Reynolds History Award is provide assistance to senior physiolo- awards provide up to $4,000 to develop given annually by APS for the best his- gists, 70 years or older, who no longer innovative and potentially widely appli- torical article submitted by a member of have grant funds available to them. The cable programs for teaching and learning the Society. awards, in the amount of $500, might be physiology. Articles may deal with any aspect of used for such purposes as attending an The awards can be used to support the history of physiology, including the APS meeting to present a paper, engag- short-term visits to other schools to con- development of physiological ideas and ing in a series of modest experiments, or sult with experts who can assist with the their application, instrumentation, indi- completing a manuscript. Recipients will project or attendance to courses on vidual and collective biography, depart- be selected with the assistance of the methodologies appropriate for the edu- mental and institutional history, history Senior Physiologists Committee. Names cational development project. of societies including APS, and physiol- of awardees will not be made public. Regular members in good standing ogy in its public context. Manuscripts When the award was established, it was may submit an application form includ- should represent original research and be for the Senior Physiologists Committee ing: 1) a 2-page description of the pro- adequately documented. Articles pub- “to have fun assisting colleagues and for posed project, including the aim, the lished in APS journals or books during Emeritus APS members to keep in closer educational problem that the project is the prior calendar year are also eligible touch with APS.” designed to ameliorate, identification of for the award upon request by the the innovative aspects, a plan to evaluate author(s). The award is open to all APS Research Career the educational outcomes, and the kinds members except those holding advanced Enhancement Awards and sources of expertise needed by the to degrees in the history of science and Deadlines: April 15 and October 15 carry out the project; 2) an anticipated medicine. A member may receive the The APS Career Enhancement Awards budget with justification for fund award only once. are designed to enhance the career poten- requests; 3) a letter of support from the The awardee will receive $500 plus tial of APS members. The awards pro- applicant’s department chair or other expenses to attend the annual spring EB vide up to $4,000 for individuals in the appropriate individual; 4) letters of meeting. If the awardee wishes, and early phases of their careers to obtain agreement from individual or depart- there is a suitable place on the program, special training and in the later phases of mental hosts of schools to be visited; 5) an oral presentation will be made at the their careers to develop new skills and to description or outline of courses to be EB meeting or a subsequent conference retrain in areas of developing interests. attended; and 6) a brief curriculum vitae at the beginning or an appropriate scien- The awards can be used to support short- focused on activities and achievements tific session. It is hoped that, after appro- term visits to other laboratories to related to education. priate peer review, the article will be acquire new skills and to support atten- Successful applicants are expected to published in one of the APS journals. dance at courses devoted primarily to report, in print or at a physiology con- Manuscripts will be evaluated by a methodologies appropriate for both new ference, a description of the project and Society Awards committee consisting of investigators and more senior investiga- its evaluation. Awardees are encouraged

174 The Physiologist APS Awards to submit reports for publication in awards are made to independent investi- Lazaro J. Mandel Young Advances in Physiology Education. gators, who hold an academic rank no Investigator Award higher than assistant professor, and are Deadline: November 1 Giles F. Filley Memorial pursuing research that utilizes integrative The Lazaro J. Mandel Young Awards for Excellence approaches to the study of physiological Investigator Award was established in in Respiratory Physiology function and explores the role of feed- 1999 in memory of Lazaro J. Mandel, and Medicine back regulation in physiological func- professor of physiology at Duke tion. Deadline: November 1 University and long-standing APS mem- An unrestricted $15,000 award is des- The Giles F. Filley Memorial Fund ber. The Mandel Young Investigator ignated for the use of the awardees in was established to recognize excellence Award will be made annually to an indi- their research programs. Awards do not in respiratory physiology and medicine. vidual demonstrating outstanding prom- include any indirect cost reimburse- The awards are made to investigators ise based on his/her research program in ment. Applications are accepted from holding an academic rank no higher than epithelial or renal physiology. regular members of APS. assistant professor and are pursuing Applications will be accepted from The awards will be announced during research in respiratory physiology and members of APS working within the the APS Business Meeting held at the medicine. Each award is for approxi- United States and holding an academic Experimental Biology meeting. The mately $25,000 and is designated for rank no higher than assistant professor. recipients receive reimbursement for awardee’s use in his/her research pro- The award is for $12,000 and is desig- their expenses to attend the meeting and gram. Awards do not include any indirect nated for the use of the awardee in a certificates recognizing their designa- cost reimbursement. his/her research program. The award tion as Arthur C. Guyton Awardees. Awards will be made annually to indi- does not include any indirect cost reim- viduals demonstrating outstanding bursement. Shih-Chun Wang Young promise based on his/her research pro- The awards will be announced during gram in respiratory physiology and med- Investigator Award the APS Business Meeting held at the icine. Applications will be accepted from Deadline: November 1 Experimental Biology meeting. The members of APS working within the US, The Shih-Chun Wang Memorial Fund recipients receive reimbursement for reflecting Giles F. Filley’s contributions was established in 1998 in memory of their expenses to attend the meeting and to the national research community Shih-Chun Wang, the Pfeiffer Professor a certificates recognizing their designa- through his membership in APS. of Pharmacology at Columbia University tion as Lazaro J. Mandel Awardees. and a long-standing member of The Because of Filley’s long association with John F. Perkins, Jr., Memorial the University of Colorado, Denver, pref- American Physiological Society. Wang erence for one award, on a competitive was internationally recognized for his Fellowships basis, will be given to individuals affili- research contributions in the areas of Deadlines: May 15 and November 15 ated with that institution. neurophysiology and neuropharmacolo- APS invites applications for the John The awards will be announced during gy with an emphasis on brain stem con- F. Perkins, Jr., Memorial Fellowships. the APS Business Meeting held at the EB trol mechanisms. The Award will be The Perkins Fellowships are designed meeting and at the Respiration Section made annually to an individual demon- primarily to provide supplementary sup- dinner. The recipients receive reimburse- strating outstanding promise based on port to foreign physiologists who have ment for their expenses to attend the his/her research program in the physio- already arranged for fellowships or sab- meeting and a plaque recognizing their logical sciences. Applications will be batical leave to carry on scientific work designation at Giles F. Filley Awardees. accepted from APS members working in the United States. The awardees are selected by a commit- within the United States and holding an The supplementary support is intend- tee composed of members of the APS academic rank no higher than assistant ed to help foreign scientists bring their Respiration Section. professor. The award is $12,000 and is families to the United States and thus for the use of the awardee in his/her enable them to take fullest advantage of research program. The award does not other cultural benefits inherent in inter- Arthur C. Guyton Awards include any indirect cost reimbursement. national exchange. Preference will be for Excellence in Integrative The awards will be announced during given to physiologists working in the Physiology the APS Business Meeting held at the fields of respiratory physiology, neuro- Deadline: November 1 Experimental Biology meeting. The physiology, and temperature regulation. The Arthur C. Guyton Fund was estab- recipients receive reimbursement for Applications from scientists in develop- lished in to recognize Guyton’s contribu- their expenses to attend the meeting and ing countries will also be given special tions and interests in feedback, model- a certificates recognizing their designa- attention. ing, and integrative physiology. The tion as Shih-Chun Wang Awardees. Application should be made by both

Vol. 44, No. 4, 2001 175 APS Awards the visiting scientist and his/her host. To ited sabbatical leave aid for faculty mem- Professional Opportunity Awards ($500, qualify, the host must be a member of the bers of predominantly black schools who and complimentary registration) are APS. The application should contain an wish to update their expertise in physiol- granted to as many as 36 graduate stu- account of these arrangements with a ogy. In addition, funds have been made dents or postdoctoral fellows who pres- brief description of the proposed scien- available to lectureships and laboratory ent a contributed paper at the EB meet- tific work and an account of how visi- equipment to develop teaching consortia ing. Candidates must be the first author tors and their families intend to make use linking predominantly black colleges of an abstract submitted to APS and of cultural opportunities during their with medical schools in the same area. either the candidate or the abstract spon- stay. Deadlines for receipt of applica- Summer research fellowships are also sor must be a member of APS. The can- tions are May 15 and November 15. awarded for minority undergraduate didate must submit the following: a copy Applications are available from the opportunities for physiological research. of his/her abstract; the Award Executive Director, American Phys- The recipients receive stipends, and an Certification Form which indicates the iological Society, 9650 Rockville Pike, allowance is given to the training depart- student status and approximate date the Bethesda, MD 20814-3991, USA. ment or laboratory where the recipient nominee will be available for employ- will work. ment; and a one-page letter written by APS Postdoctoral Fellowship the candidate stating his/her career goals; in Physiological Genomics Minority Travel Fellowship his/her research goals, role in the Deadline: January 15 Awards research described in the abstract, and The APS, initially in collaboration Deadline: November 13 reasons why he/she is deserving of the with Genentech, Inc., designed a post- NIDDK Travel Fellowships for award. The letter should NOT restate the doctoral fellowship program to promote Minority Physiologists are open to abstract. Successful abstracts typically careers in mammalian organ system under-represented minorities who are include: a clearly stated hypothesis or physiology. In 1993, the APS-Genen- advanced undergraduate, pre-doctoral, aim; the technical approach to the study; tech Postdoctoral Fellowship was estab- and postdoctoral scientists, including the pertinent results obtained with quan- lished in recognition of the fact that students, who have obtained their under- titative and statistical comparisons, when many advances in cell and molecular will graduate education in Minority appropriate; and a clearly stated conclu- ultimately require an understanding in Biomedical Research Programs and sion, including the significance of the the context of the organism, and special MARC-eligible institutions, as well as results to the field. Candidates may sub- training will be needed to conduct this students in the APS Porter Development mit ONE abstract for consideration. type of research. A central criterion is Program. Applications may also be sub- Awardees will be notified prior to March that the postdoctoral project uses the mitted by minority faculty members at 1, 2002 and must be present at the APS tools of cellular and molecular biology in the above institutions. Funds will pro- Business Meeting to receive their award. the setting of the whole animal. In 1996, vide transportation, meals, and lodging APS made the commitment to continue to attend the annual spring Experimental AAAS Mass Media Science supporting the Fellowship without the Biology meeting. The specific intent of and Engineering Fellowship support of Genentech. this award is to increase participation of Deadline: January 15 Candidates must identify a laboratory the pre- and postdoctoral minority stu- APS will sponsor an AAAS Mass and sponsor under whose supervision a dents in physiological sciences. Media Science and Engineering fellow project in mammalian organ system Applicants need not be members of the who will spend 10 weeks over the sumer physiology and molecular biology can be APS but should be US citizens or hold working for a newspaper, magazine, combined. The award is for a two-year permanent resident visas. With the appli- radio or television newsroom. The pro- period and includes an annual stipend cation form, candidates should include gram includes a one-week orientation in ($30,000) and a trainee allowance of 1) a brief curriculum vitae; 2) a letter of Washington, DC to help fellows develop $3,500. recommendation from the applicant’s their ability to communicate scientific Three awards are made per year. advisor; and 3) an estimate of required issues to nonscientists. Applicants must travel and per diem expenses. Faculty be currently enrolled as a graduate or William T. Porter applicants should also include a state- postgraduate student of physiology or a ment of current and pending support. Fellowship Awards related discipline. Deadlines: January 15 and July 15 The fellowship will include expenses This award is designed to support the Caroline tum Suden/ Frances for traveling to sessions and the job site training of talented students entering a A. Hellebrandt Professional as well as a weekly stipend based on the career in physiology and to provide pre- Opportunity Awards local cost of living. ❖ doctoral fellowships for minority stu- Deadline: November 7 dents, postdoctoral fellowships, and lim- The APS Caroline tum Suden

176 The Physiologist Section Awards

Distinguished Lectureship Services, APS, 9650 Rockville Pike, meritorious will be awarded. Eligible indi- Awards Bethesda, MD 20814-3991 by November viduals are requested to email a copy of their 16, 2001. submitted abstract to the Chair of the The 12 Distinguished Lectureship Awards Cardiovascular Section Awards Committee: are named after outstanding contributors to George Cooper, [email protected], to the disciplinary areas of physiology. The Procter & Gamble arrive by November 30, 2001. recipient is chosen by the section as a repre- Professional Opportunity The Cardiovascular Section Young sentative of the best within the discipline. Awards Investigator Award is intended for mem- The annual lecture is presented at the EB Deadline: November 7 bers, but not necessarily fellows, of the meeting. Each recipient receives an honorar- The Procter & Gamble Professional Section who have received a PhD, MD, DSc, ium of $1,000 and up to $2,000 to cover Opportunity Awards ($500 and complimen- DVM, or DDS degree with an academic travel expenses. tary registration for the EB meeting) are rank or equivalent not higher than that of The 12 named Lectureships are: granted to at least 12 predoctoral students Assistant Professor who have already made Robert M. Berne Distinguished who present a contributed paper at the meet- a substantive independent contribution and Lectureship of the Cardiovascular Section ing. Candidates must be the first author of an hold future promise but are not, as yet, well Hugh Davson Distinguished Lectureship abstract submitted to APS and within 12-18 established. The nomination package, to be of the Cell and Molecular Physiology months of completing his/her PhD degree. sent to the chair of the Awards Committee of Section The candidate must be a student member of the APS CV Section, should consist of a let- Joseph Erlanger Distinguished Lectureship APS, have an advisor who is an APS mem- ter of nomination, a seconding letter (prefer- of the Central Nervous System Section ber, or have a supporting sponsor who is an ably from someone outside of the nominee’s August Krogh Distinguished Lectureship APS member. All recipients must be US cit- institution), and a CV of the candidate. of the Comparative Physiology Section izens or hold a permanent resident visa. The Carl J. Wiggers Award (plaques, Solomon A. Berson Distinguished Awardees will be notified prior to March 1, presents lecture at EB), named in honor of Lectureship of the Endocrinology and 2002 and must be present at the APS teh CV Section’s founder, is presented to a Metabolism Section Business Meeting to receive their award. scientist who is a fellow of the CV Section Edward F. Adolph Distinguished Selection of the awardees will be made by and has made outstanding and lasting contri- Lectureship of the Environmental and the Sections of the APS. The candidate must butions to cardiovascular research. The Exercise Physiology Section submit the following to Andrea Jackson, selection is made by the Steering Horace W. Davenport Distinguished APS Education Office, 9650 Rockville Pike, Committee. The nomination package, to be Lectureship of the Gastrointestinal Section Bethesda, MD 20814: a copy of his/her sent to the chair of the Awards Committee of Carl Ludwig Distinguished Lectureship of abstract submission; and the APS Award the APS CV Section, should consist of a let- the Neural Control and Autonomic Certification Form. ter of nomination, a seconding letter (prefer- Regulation Section Awardees are selected by the following ably from someone outside of the nominee’s Carl W. Gottschalk Distinguished sections of APS: Cardiovascular, Cell & institution), and a CV of the candidate. Lectureship of the Renal Section Molecular Physiology, Central Nervous Julius H. Comroe, Jr., Distinguished System, Comparative Physiology, Endo- Lectureship of the Respiration Section Cell and Molecular Physiology crinology & Metabolism, Environmental & Claude Bernard Distinguished Lectureship The Cell and Molecular Physiology Exercise Physiology, Gastrointestinal, of the Teaching of Physiology Section Student Awards ($300) are available for up Neural Control & Autonomic Regulation, Ernest H. Starling Distinguished to two pre-doctoral candidates, depending Renal, Respiration, Teaching of Physi- Lectureship of the Water and Electrolyte on applicant pool. One award will be given ology, and Water & Electrolyte Homeostasis Section. for work done while enrolled as a medical or Homeostasis. graduate (doctoral or masters) student. A second award is reserved for undergraduate Liaison With Industry Cardiovascular researchers. Applicants must be first author Deadline: November 7 The Cardiovascular Section Young on an abstract submitted to the Experimental The Liaison With Industry Novel Investigator Travel Award ($500) is Biology meeting. The student or their men- Disease Model Award ($500/graduate stu- designed to entice submission of abstracts to tor must be a member in good standing of dent; $800/postdoctoral fellow) will be the Experimental Biology meetings from the APS, with a primary affiliation in the granted to the graduate student and postdoc- junior investigators and to aid them in their Cell and Molecular Physiology section. toral fellow submitting the best abstracts travel expenses. To be eligible, the investiga- Members of the CAMP Steering Committee describing a novel disease model. The tor must be within 10 years of receiving will review all applications. Winners will be model can be cellular or in vivo but should his/her PhD or MD degree and have submit- announced, and awards presented, at the clearly emphasize the potential utility of the ted a first-authored abstract to a Cell and Molecular Section Banquet at the system for future research related to a dis- Cardiovascular Section topic category. EB meeting. Applicants must complete the ease process. A copy of the submitted Abstracts from eligible individuals will be Student Award Certificate form and have the abstract, accompanied by the signed and judged by the Cardiovascular Section mentor submit a brief (e.g. half page) letter completed APS Award Certification Form Awards Committee and a total of up to nine describing why the trainee is deserving of should be sent to: Linda Allen, Membership each year which are judged to be the most the award. Email or fax a copy of the sub-

Vol. 44, No. 4, 2001 177 Section Awards

mitted abstract, the APS Award Certification Toxicology, Michigan State University, graduate student, resident or postdoctoral Form, and letter to Peter K. Lauf, MD, B429 Life Science Building, East Lansing, fellow who presents the best abstract for email: [email protected], Fax: 937- MI 48824-1317. research in the area of endocrinology and 775-3769. Deadline is November 30, 2001. The Central Nervous System Section metabolism at the Experimental Biology The Cell and Molecular Physiology Van Harreveld Memorial Award ($300) Meeting. Applicants must be first author on Young Investigator Awards ($500) will be will be presented by the CNS Section to rec- a submitted abstract and should mail a copy given to two successful candidates for work ognize outstanding research in neuroscience of the abstract, the completed APS Award performed while in the first through third by a graduate student or postdoctoral fellow. Certification Form, and a letter from the postdoctoral year or medical residency. The recipient must be first author on an sponsor of the abstract indicating the train- Applicants must be first author on an abstract presented at the meeting. Mail copy ing status of the individual to: Charles Lang, abstract submitted to the Experimental of the submitted abstract and the completed Dept of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Biology meeting. The trainee or their men- APS Award Certification Form to Sue Pennsylvania State Univ. College of tor must be a member in good standing of Barman, Dept of Pharmacology & Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033-0850. the APS, with a primary affiliation in the Toxicology, Michigan State Univ, East Abstracts will be judged for scientific con- Cell and Molecular Physiology section. Lansing, MI 48824-1317. Deadline for tent by a committee comprised of the E&M Members of the CAMP Steering Committee application is November 7, 2001. Section members. The successful candidate will review all applications. Winners will be will be notified approximately 30 days prior announced, and awards presented, at the Comparative Physiology to the Experimental Biology Meeting and Cell and Molecular Section Banquet at the The Comparative Physiology Section will be presented the award during the EB meeting. Applicants must complete the Scholander Award (cash award or prize Endocrinology & Metabolism Section APS Award Certification Form and have the and a certificate) will be presented to an out- Business Meeting. Deadline for application mentor submit a brief (e.g. half page) letter standing young investigator presenting a is November 7, 2001. describing why the trainee is deserving of paper in the “Scholander Award” session The Endocrinology & Metabolism the award. Email or Fax a copy of the sub- during the EB meeting or the specialty Section Young Investigator Award ($500) mitted abstract, the APS Award Certification meeting of the Comparative Section. is presented to one or more pre-doctoral Form, and letter to Peter K. Lauf, MD, Applicants must submit their abstract to the graduate students whose investigations in email: [email protected], FAX: 937- “Scholander Award Session” topic category, endocrinology and metabolism physiology 775-3769. Deadline is November 30, 2001. be first author on the abstract and not more has been designated by the Steering than five years past the highest degree. Committee as being an example of meritori- Central Nervous System The Comparative Section Young ous research. The recipient must be first The Central Nervous System (CNS) Investigator Award ($500) will provide author on a submitted abstract to the Section of the APS will provide at least two three travel awards for recognition of meri- Endocrinology & Metabolism Section (see awards ($500 each and complimentary torious research by young investigators who Physiology topic category list under the advance registration fees) for recognition of participate in the Experimental Biology heading “Endocrinology & Metabolism meritorious research by young investigators meeting. Candidates must have completed Section”), and be certified by his/her advisor who participate in the annual Experimental their PhD within the past 10 years, be a as being eligible for such an award. A copy Biology Meeting. To qualify for this award, member of APS, and must present a talk or of your abstract submission and a completed the applicant must have received a PhD or poster at the Experimental Biology meeting. APS Award Certification Form should be other professional degree within the past 10 The subject matter can be any topic that mailed to: Charles Lang, Dept of Cellular & years and must present a poster or talk at the deals with comparative physiology. Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State EB meeting. The subject matter of this pres- Applicants should submit their abstract, Univ. College of Medicine, Hershey, PA entation can by any topic related to the cen- abstract submission confirmation page, a 17033-0850. Deadline for application is tral or peripheral nervous system. one-page CV, and a one-page summary of November 7. Applications are reviewed and rated by the research accomplishments and goals via CNS Section Awards Committee. To apply email to: Chair of the Comparative Section Environmental and for this award, the applicant should submit by January 15, 2002 for review by the sec- Exercise Physiology four copies of the abstract (or a paragraph tion Steering Committee. The winners will The EEP Honor Award (plaque, $1,250, describing his/her research if it is to be pre- be notified by email by February 15, 2002, reimbursement of registration fee, opportu- sented in a symposium) and a letter indicat- and the award will be presented at the nity to be featured speaker at the Awards ing the novelty of the research project Business Meeting of the Section during the Banquet of the Section) recognizes a previ- described in the abstract, the year he/she EB meeting. ous or current primary member of the received a degree, current position, and Endocrinology and Section who has made significant research whether he/she is a member of the APS. contributions to the advancement of envi- Membership in the APS is not required but Metabolism ronmental, exercise, or thermal physiology is highly recommended. Mail these items by The Research Award of the while enhancing the education objectives of January 31, 2002 to the Chair of the CNS Endocrinology and Metabolism Section the EEP Section. Section Steering Committee: Susan (certificate plus cash prize, depending on The Gatorade Beginning Investigator Barman, Department of Pharmacology & funds available) is intended to recognize Award ($750, reimbursement of the regis-

178 The Physiologist Section Awards

tration fee, and an EEP Banquet ticket) is University of California, Irvine, CA 92697. mitted for the meeting and either the appli- presented to a postdoctoral fellow or equiv- Deadline for application is November 7, cant or sponsor must be a member of APS. alent whose investigation in either environ- 2001. A copy of the abstract, accompanied by the mental, exercise, or thermal physiology has The Environmental & Exercise signed and completed APS Award been designated by the Steering Committee Physiology Section Military Physiology Certification Form should be sent to Hugh as an outstanding example of experimental Award for Beginning Investigators ($750) Nellans, GI Pharmacology & Oral Drug research. The recipient must be first author recognizes outstanding research in either Delivery, Abbott Laboratories, Dept 46V, on a submitted abstract to the EEP Section at environmental, exercise, or thermal physiol- Bldg AP9, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott the Experimental Biology meeting, answer a ogy by a postdoctoral fellow or equivalent Park, IL 60064-6122 to arrive on or before questionnaire from the Steering Committee, that is relevant to the physiological missions January 15, 2002. have received their advanced degree within of the US Armed Forces. Applicants must The Abbott Distinguished Research four years of the date of the abstract dead- have received their advanced degree within Award for Excellence in Gastrointestinal line, and be present at the EEP Section four years of the abstract submission date Physiology (plaque, $1,000, present lecture Awards Banquet. A copy of your abstract and must be first author on an abstract sub- at GI Section’s annual Business Meeting submission and a completed APS Award mitted to an EEP Section topic category at and Reception) recognizes a scientist who Certification Form should be mailed to: the Experimental Biology meeting. The has carried out highly meritorious research Kenneth Baldwin, Dept. of Physiology & award recipient must attend the EEP Section in gastrointestinal or liver physiology. The Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Awards Banquet to receive the cash prize recipient is chosen by the GI section CA 92697. Deadline for application is and certificate. A copy of your abstract sub- Steering Committee. The Section member- November 7, 2001. mission and a completed APS Award ship is encouraged to submit nomination, The Gatorade Young Investigator Certification Form should be mailed to: which should be sent to the Chair of the Award ($600, reimbursement of the regis- Kenneth Baldwin, Dept. of Physiology & Steering Committee. Nominations consist of tration fee, and an EEP Banquet ticket) is Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, a cover letter outlining the candidate’s qual- presented to a pre-doctoral graduate student CA 92697. Deadline for application is ifications for the award and his/her CV. whose investigation in either environmental, November 7, 2001. The Gastrointestinal Section Young exercise, or thermal physiology has been The Environmental & Exercise Investigator Awards will provide travel designated by the Steering Committee as an Physiology Section Graduate Student support ($500) for junior investigators to outstanding example of experimental Military Physiology Award ($600) recog- participate in the annual Experimental research. The recipient must be first author nizes outstanding research in either environ- Biology meeting. To be eligible for the on a submitted abstract to the EEP Section at mental, exercise, or thermal physiology by a award, the investigator must be within 10 the Experimental Biology meeting, certified graduate student that is relevant to the phys- years of receiving a higher degree (PhD, by his/her advisor as being eligible for such iological missions of the US Armed Forces. MD or DVM), and must submit an abstract an award, answer a questionnaire from the Applicants must be first author on an to a Gastrointestinal Section topic category. Steering Committee, one who has not abstract submitted to an EEP Section topic To apply for the award, applicants should received an advanced degree at the date of category at the Experimental Biology meet- submit their abstract and a brief statement of the abstract deadline, and be present at the ing. The award recipient must attend the research accomplishments by January 31, EEP Section Awards Banquet. A copy of EEP Section Awards Banquet to receive the 2002 by Email to Helen E. Raybould, Chair your abstract submission and a completed cash prize and certificate. A copy of your of the GI Section Steering Committee at APS Award Certification Form should be abstract submission and a completed APS [email protected]. mailed to: Kenneth Baldwin, Dept. of Award Certification Form should be mailed Physiology & Biophysics, University of to: Kenneth Baldwin, Dept. of Physiology & Neural Control and California, Irvine, CA 92697. Deadline for Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Autonomic Regulation application is November 7, 2001. CA 92697. Deadline for application is The Michael J. Brody Young The EEP Recognition Award ($500) is November 7, 2001. Investigator Award of the APS Neural presented to one or more predoctoral gradu- Control and Autonomic Regulation ate students whose investigations in either Gastrointestinal Section ($500), sponsored by Merck & Co., environmental, exercise, or thermal physiol- Gastrointestinal Physiology Section recognizes a promising young investigator ogy has been designated by the Steering Student Prize ($500) is designed to chal- who has made a significant research contri- Committee as being an example of meritori- lenge and reward trainees who are engaged bution to the understanding of neural control ous experimental research. The recipient in gastrointestinal research. Two awards will and autonomic regulation. The award is must be first author on a submitted abstract be made at the Experimental Biology open to graduate students (post-candidacy to the EEP Section at the Experimental Meeting. One will be given for work done exams), postdoctoral fellows, and clinical Biology meeting, and be certified by his/her while enrolled as a doctoral or medical stu- fellows who present and are first author on advisor as being eligible for such an award. dent. A second award will be given for work an abstract at Experimental Biology. Either A copy of your abstract submission and a performed during the first through third the applicant or the abstract sponsor must be completed APS Award Certification Form postdoctoral years or during a medical resi- a member of APS. Applicants must mail a should be mailed to: Kenneth Baldwin, dency. In order to be considered, the appli- copy of the submitted abstract; the complet- Dept. of Physiology & Biophysics, cant must be first author on an abstract sub- ed APS Award Certification Form; a list of

Vol. 44, No. 4, 2001 179 Section Awards

publications; a one-page summary and eval- toral fellows. Award recipients must be first Respiration uation of research contributions, written by authors on an abstract submitted to a Renal No sectional award is given by the the applicant, and a cover letter signed by Physiology topic category for programming Respiration Section. However, the Steering both the applicant and sponsor indicating at the Experimental Biology Meeting. Prior Committee acts as the review body for the the date, or expected date, of highest degree. to the meeting a first level of evaluation is Giles F. Filley Memorial Awards for The deadline for receipt of applications is conducted based on the submitted abstract; a Excellence in Respiratory Physiology and December 28, 2001. Send applications to subset of abstracts are further judged during Medicine. Jeanne L. Seagard, Research Service 151, oral presentation at the meeting. Award win- VA Medical Center, 5000 West National ners are announced at the annual Renal Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53295. Dinner held in conjunction with the meet- Teaching of Physiology The Neural Control and Autonomic ing. Students and fellows are strongly urged The Arthur C. Guyton Physiology Regulation (NCAR) Young Investigator to participate in the award process. Mail Teacher of the Year Award (plaque, Awards will provide travel support ($500) completed APS Award Certification Form $1,000, and expenses of up to $750 to attend to junior investigators to present meritorious and a copy of the submitted abstract to: EB) is sponsored by the W. B. Saunders research at the annual Experimental Biology Susan E. Mulroney, Department of Company. Nominees must be full-time fac- Meeting. To be eligible, the investigator Physiology, Georgetown Univ. Sch. of ulty members of accredited colleges or uni- must have a PhD, MD, or other professional Med., 3900 Reservoir Road, NW, versities and members of APS. The degree with an academic rank or equivalent Washington, DC 20007-2187. Deadline for Selection Committee will look for inde- not higher than that of Assistant Professor applications is November 7, 2001. pendent evidence of: 1) excellence in class- and conduct either basic or clinical research The Renal Section Young Investigator room teaching over a number of years at the in a field of neural control and autonomic Awards will provide at least two awards undergraduate, graduate, or professional regulation. Junior faculty members are par- ($500 each) for recognition of meritorious levels; 2) commitment to the improvement ticularly encouraged to apply for this award. research by young investigators who partic- of physiology teaching within the candi- To apply, the investigator must submit a ipate in the annual Experimental Biology date’s own institution; and 3) contributions first-authored abstract to any appropriate Meeting. To qualify for this award, the to physiology education at the local commu- neural control topic of the Experimental applicant may not be a senior faculty mem- nity, national or international levels. Each Biology meeting. Award criteria will be ber, i.e., may not have a faculty rank of nominee must be nominated by a member of based on current work reflected in the Associate or Full Professor, and may not APS. The nominator is responsible for com- abstract and overall contributions to the have won this award in previous years. pleting application materials and forwarding field. A copy of the abstract and a CV from Candidates should either be an author on an six copies to the chairperson of the Award the investigator must be mailed by January abstract submitted to the EB meeting or Selection Committee. The award winner is 31, 2002 to the Member-at-Large of the agree to submit a late-breaking abstract if announced at the APS Business Meeting at NCAR Steering Committee, Dr. William they did not submit one originally and they the Experimental Biology meeting.The Talman, Professor, Department of are selected for this award. Applications will awardee is requested to write an essay on Neurology, University of Iowa Hospital, 200 be reviewed and rated by the Renal Section his/her philosophy of education for publica- Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242-1053. Awards Committee. To apply for this award, tion in The Physiologist. The abstracts will be judged by the NCAR please submit a copy of the submitted The Teaching of Physiology Section Steering Committee and the most meritori- abstract or a note agreeing to do so if select- ($500) will provide two travel awards for ous applications will be awarded. ed, and a note indicating your current posi- outstanding posters presented in the tion. If you plan to submit an abstract only if Teaching of Physiology poster-discussion Renal selected for this award, please include a note session at Experimental Biology. The Robert W. Berliner Award for explaining this decision. Alternatively, Submission of a poster to this session does Excellence in Renal Physiology ($1,000 Renal Section members may nominate can- not exclude the simultaneous presentation of plus reimbursement for travel expenses for didates for this award by submitting the a research poster or talk. To qualify for this the Experimental Biology meeting), spon- above items. Membership in the APS is not award, the applicant must be first author on sored by Abbott Laboratories, is given to an required, but awardees will be encouraged to the poster, and age 40 or under OR within 10 outstanding senior researcher and educator join if they are not members. The awards years of receiving the PhD or MD. in renal physiology. will be presented at the annual Renal Dinner Applicants must also be APS regular, affili- The Aventis Pharmaceutical Excellence during the EB meeting. Send these items by ate, or student members. Abstracts will be in Renal Research Awards are sponsored January 31, 2002 to the Chair of the Renal reviewed and rated by the Teaching Section by Aventis Pharmaceutical and designed to Section Award Committee: Dr. Susan Steering Committee. All poster abstracts promote and develop excellence in research Mulroney, by mail: Department of must be formally submitted to EB by the pertaining to molecular, cellular, or organ Physiology, Georgetown University, 3900 application deadline. To apply for this mechanisms involving the kidney. Awards Reservoir Road, NE, Washington, DC award, please send a copy of your abstract are presented to two categories of students: 20007, fax: 202-687-7407, or email: submission and a completed APS Award predoctoral students (including graduate [email protected] Certification Form to: Dee U. Silverthorn, students and medical students) and postdoc-

180 The Physiologist Section Awards

Neurobiology Section, University of Texas important contributions to our understand- the annual Experimental Biology Meeting. at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-1064. Deadline ing of the integrative aspects of cardiovascu- To be eligible, the investigator must be for application is November 7, 2001. lar, renal, and neuroendocrine physiology in either a pre-doctoral student or within ten health or disease. Any member of APS in years of receiving his/her PhD or MD good standing may apply or be nominated Water and Electrolyte degree. Applicants must be first author on an for the award. Applications will be reviewed Homeostasis abstract submitted to an APS Water & by the Section’s Award Committee and The Young Investigator Award in should include a curriculum vitae of the Electrolyte Homeostasis Section topic cate- Regulatory and Integrative Physiology nominee, a brief (one-page) summary and gory. The WEH Steering Committee will (present a short lecture on his/her research analysis of the research contributions of the judge the abstracts. Applicants are requested during a scientific session of the EB meet- nominee, a complete list of publications, to send a copy of their submitted abstract to ing) was established to encourage young and two letters of nomination from members investigators to continue research careers in Tom Lohmeier, Dept. of Physiology & of APS. cardiovascular, reanl and neuroendocrine Biophysics, Univ. of Mississippi Med. Ctr., integratoin. The award is presented annually The Water & Electrolyte Homeostasis 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS at the business luncheon of the Water and Section Young Investigator Travel Award 39216-4505, fax: 601-984-1817; email: Electrolyte Homeostasis Section to a young ($500) will provide support for travel [email protected] by investigator (<40 years old) who has made expenses for junior investigators to attend January 15, 2002. ❖ Gift Planning Opportunities APS is pleased to invite the membership to assets, charitable lead trusts and gifts of real which are specified for support and named consider including the APS in their gift giv- estate. for individuals. ing plans. Over the last several years, the ✺ Life Income Gifts: Gift annuities, ✺ Gifts by Will: Bequests of a percentage of Society has received donations of land and deferred payment gift annuities, charitable estate, stated dollar amount or specific prop- securities, all of which have been used to remainder trusts, charitable remainder uni- erty or assets. launch the Society’s various young investiga- trusts, and charitable annuity trusts. For more information on gift giving to the tor award programs. ✺ Gifts of Insurance: Ownership of life APS, please contact Martin Frank, If you are interested in including the APS insurance policies can be donated, or the Executive Director (Tel. 301-530-7118, and its Endowment Fund in your financial or APS can become the beneficiary of policies Email: [email protected]), or Robert estate planning, some options include: owned by others. Price, Director of Finance (Tel. 301-530- ✺ Immediate Gifts: Cash, gifts of appreciat- ✺ Designated Gifts: Gifts given to honor or 7160, Email: [email protected]). ed securities, gifts of closely held stock, gifts memorialize an individual or an organization of tangible personal property, retirement and can include scholarships, programs, etc.,

Call for Nominations: The 2003 Call for Nominations: The 2003 Henry Pickering Bowditch Lecture Walter B. Cannon Memorial Lecture The annual Bowditch Lecture honoring the first President The Cannon Memorial Lecture honors Walter B. Cannon, of the American Physiological Society, Henry Pickering President of the Society from 1913-1916 and one of the cen- Bowditch, has been given at the annual meeting since 1956. tury’s most distinguished physiologists. The plenary lecture The Lecturer is selected by the President with the consent is presented annually by a distinguished physiological scien- of Council from among the regular members who have tist, domestic or foreign, at the spring meeting on a subject achieved outstanding work and are under 40 years of age at that addresses some aspect of the concept of homeostasis as the time of presentation. The award is for original and out- enunciated in Cannon’s classic work, The Wisdom of the standing accomplishments in the field of physiology. The Body. The lecture, sponsored by the Grass Foundation, is award conveys an honorarium of $2,500 plus travel and per selected by the APS President-elect with the consent of diem expenses to attend the spring meeting, and the recipi- Council. ent is invited to submit a manuscript for publication in one The recipient receives an honorarium of $4,000 plus trav- of the Society’s journals. el and per diem expenses and is invited to submit a manu- Nominations should be accompanied by letters from two script for consideration of publication in one of the Society’s nominators describing the importance of the candidate’s journals. work, a brief sketch of the nominee’s professional history, Nominations for the Cannon Lecture Award should be papers or manuscripts that substantiate the excellence of the documented to demonstrate the candidate’s contributions to candidate, and a curriculum vitae. physiology. A curriculum vitae should accompany the letter Nominations should be submitted by October 1 to: The of support describing the nominee’s achievements. Submit APS Bowditch Lecture Award, 9650 Rockville Pike, nominations by October 1 to: The APS Cannon Lecture Bethesda, MD 20814-3991. ❖ Award, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814-3991. ❖

Vol. 44, No. 4, 2001 181 Education

Summer Research Teachers and Research Hosts Honored at Luncheon

The 2000 APS Frontiers in for K-12 science content and pedagogi- National Institutes of Health. The Physiology and Explorations in cal techniques among middle and high Explorations in Biomedicine program is Biomedicine Summer Research school teachers. The Explorations in administered through a partnership Teachers and their APS member Biomedicine project works intensively between APS and the American Indian Research Hosts were honored at a with the science faculty at Montana Research Opportunities (AIRO) consor- Luncheon during Experimental Biology schools and tribal colleges that serve tium of Montana tribal colleges and 2001. Teachers were presented certifi- Native American students to create an Montana State University-Bozeman, cates of achievement, and their atmosphere that encourages science Bozeman, MT. Research Hosts were presented certifi- studies, and the exploration and pursuit More information about these pro- cates of appreciation for their participa- of biomedical research careers. grams is available on the APS website at tion in the 12-month fellowship. The Summer Research component http://www.the-aps.org/education/edu_ A special certificate of recognition offers teachers nationwide a full-time, k12.htm. ❖ was presented to Robert Foreman, hands-on laboratory experience for 7-8 University of Oklahoma Health Science weeks at APS members’ research labs. Center, by APS president John Hall. Teachers also attend a one-week retreat The certificate recognizes Dr. at the Airlie Center in Warrenton, VA, Foreman’s exceptional K-12 outreach where they explore hands-on, inquiry efforts, serving as an APS Research based teaching strategies, consider Host to six Frontiers in Physiology classroom equity and technology-use Summer Research Teachers from issues, and begin to develop their own Oklahoma middle and high schools inquiry lab activities. In the spring fol- since 1990. Thousands of Oklahoma lowing their research experience, teach- students have heard these teachers ers attend Experimental Biology to describe how biomedical research is learn of the latest science research find- done and the excitement of being ings, meet with physiologists, and tour involved in “doing” research. the posters and exhibits. Frontiers in Physiology and Frontiers in Physiology is a program Explorations in Biomedicine are APS of APS, and is sponsored by APS, the programs designed to create ongoing National Center for Research Resources APS President John Hall presents Robert relationships between research scien- (NCRR), Science Education Partner- Foreman, University of Oklahoma Health tists and middle and high school teach- ship Awards (SEPA), and the National Science Center, a certificate of recogni- ers; and to promote the adoption of the Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and tion for his outstanding service to the APS National Science Education Standards Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) at the Frontiers in Physiology program.

Orlando Science Teachers and Students Participate in Physiology Workshop at Experimental Biology

Orlando area high school teachers hands-on, inquiry based lab activities, function in diseases such as high blood and students participated in the learn about education and careers in pressure, obesity, and diabetes. Physiology for Life Sciences Teachers biomedicine, meet with APS research- Susan Barman, Michigan State and Students Workshop on Monday, ers, and tour the posters and exhibits. University, moderated a Careers in April 2nd, at the Orange County Anne E. Kwitek Black, Medical Physiology Panel Discussion where Convention Center and Peabody Hotel. College of Wisconsin, presented, Cherilynn Reynolds, Meharry Medical The workshop was designed to offer “Physiological Genomics in High College; Orlando Gonzalez, University participants an opportunity to learn Blood Pressure: SNPs, Chips, and Salty of Puerto Rico; and Gerald Frank, about current research findings, explore Potato Chips” an introduction to gene Vanderbilt University, shared their

182 The Physiologist Education experiences in academia and research based on the patient’s health history, Kidney Diseases at the National and presented information on careers in health habits and symptoms, and med- Institutes of Health. biomedicine. ical test results. The Explorations in Biomedicine Participants then joined APS mem- APS Physiologists Barbara E. project works intensively with the sci- bers for a box lunch and a tour of the Goodman, Univ. of South Dakota ence faculty at Montana schools and posters and exhibits, where they were School of Medicine led students in tribal colleges that serve Native introduced to the latest research find- selected activities of the Physiology of American students to create an atmos- ings and scientific equipment. For many Fitness learning cycle unit, a hands-on, phere that encourages science studies, students, this was the first time they met inquiry-based exploration of factors the exploration and pursuit of biomed- with a "real scientist.” Each year, stu- which affect blood flow and pressure. ical research careers, and opportunities dents comment that this is their favorite The Frontiers in Physiology program for students to interact with biomedical workshop activity. is designed to create ongoing working researchers in their geographic area and After lunch, teachers participated in a relationships between research scien- across the nation. The overall goal of Teacher In-service Workshop, where tists and middle/high school teachers this project is to increase interest and Frontiers in Physiology Summer via research and inservice experiences participation in biomedical research Research Teacher, Sue Diggs, Lubbock and electronic communications; and careers among Native American stu- High School, Lubbock, TX, presented promotes the adoption of national stan- dents. Explorations in Biomedicine is a “Substrate Selection by Ghost Shrimp,” dards for K-12 content and pedagogical collaborative program of The American a hands-on exploration of the behavior techniques among middle and high Physiological Society and the American of ghost shrimp under artificial condi- school science teachers through ongo- Indian Research Opportunities Consor- tions. ing inservice activities developed col- tium and is supported by a grant from Explorations in Biomedicine Summer laboratively by teachers and physiology the NIH/National Institute of General Research Teacher, Mary Alice Thomas, research. Frontiers in Physiology is a Medical Sciences Minority Access to Polson High School, Polson, MT, led program of APS, and is sponsored by Research Careers Program. teachers in “The Case of Billy Bob,” a APS, the National Center for Research For more information about these case-based learning activity that Resources, Science Education APS programs, please visit the APS includes diagnosing a patient’s illness Partnership Awards, and the National website at: http://www.the-aps.org/edu- and planning a course of treatment Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and cation.htm. ❖

APS Recognizes Outstanding High School Science Students at the 52nd Annual International Science and Engineering Fair

The 52nd Annual International versities, and professional organiza- Development at Galileo Laboratories in Science and Engineering Fair (ISEF) tions. As in past years, the APS award- Santa Clara, CA. Joining them in San was held in San Jose, CA, on May 6-12, ed cash prizes and student memberships Jose’s McEnery Convention Center 2001, and brought together 1,205 of the to top participants whose projects fell were APS Education Committee mem- top high school science students from within the broad definition of contem- bers George Ordway, Department of the US as well as 38 other countries porary physiology. The APS was joined Physiology at the University of Texas ranging from Armenia to Uruguay. in the Special Awards category by the Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, Student finalists competed across 14 Andrus Foundation, Sigma Xi, the and Andrew Lechner, Department of scientific disciplines, including bio- Endocrine Society, NASA, all branches Pharmacological and Physiological chemistry, environmental sciences, of the Armed Forces, and many others. Science at St. Louis University School gerontology, medicine and health, The on-site judging team included of Medicine in St. Louis. Lechner physics, and zoology. They presented APS President-elect Barbara Horwitz served as APS lead judge and awards 842 individual and 172 team efforts in and John Horowitz from the presenter. The judging team first identi- the hope of earning national recognition Department of Neurobiology, Physiol- fied 60 candidate projects based on sci- and a share of the $2.4 million awarded ogy, and Behavior at University of entific content, before selecting ten stu- by ISEF’s chief sponsor, Intel, and the California, Davis, as well as Stephen dents for in-depth interviews at their Fair’s 60 other affiliated societies, uni- Flaim, Vice-President for Research and (continued on page 184)

Vol. 44, No. 4, 2001 183 Education

(continued from page 183) awards included Intel’s First Place In addition to these four finalists, the poster displays. Based on the scientific Award and Best of Category Prize in APS also awarded each of the other six rigor of each study and the students’ Gerontology, together worth $8,000. interviewed students a one-year compli- abilities to describe their work and She will attend the University of mentary APS membership and sub- answer questions from the team, the Georgia this fall to begin a curriculum scriptions to The Physiologist and to APS judges awarded first place to in biology/preprofessional studies. News in Physiological Sciences. These Angela Catherine Lee for her project, Third and Fourth Place APS Awards additional students with projects of “Group 1 Metabotropic Glutamate of $500 each were earned respectively exceptional merit included: Katherine Receptors in Epilepsy.” Lee, a senior at by Effie M. Wang, a junior at DuPont A. Brezina, a senior at Coral Reef Midwood High School in Brooklyn, Manual Magnet High School in Senior High School in Miami, FL NY, will use her $1,000 APS prize to Louisville, KY, and Alan R. Stern,a (“Metabolic Changes in Hypercholes- pursue a Neuroscience major this fall at sophomore at Great Neck South High terolemic Rats Treated with Statin Type the University of Pennsylvania. To School in Great Neck, NY. Wang’s proj- 3 HMG Reductase Inhibitors”); assist those undergraduate studies, she ect, “Improved Pulmonary Function by Lissette A. Casas-Galban, a senior at also earned an Intel ISEF 2nd place Hypoxic Preconditioning Involves the American Military Academy in award (of $1,500) in Medicine and Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase and Guaynabo, Puerto Rico (“Inhibition of Health. The APS judges were most MCT1,” demonstrated that exposing Vascular Endothelial Cell Proliferation impressed with Lee’s interpretation of mice to brief periods of 6.5% O2 by Filipin”); Tyler Davidson, a senior her elegant electrophysiological record- increased expression of eNOS protein at William Henry Harrison High School ings in hippocampal brain slices and in the lung and enhanced intrapul- in West Lafayette, IN (“Nitric Oxide their suppression with selective mGluR monary lactate utilization, while reduc- Regulates Production of cGMP and antagonists. ing edema formation. Stern’s study, GAP-43 Following Nerve Cord The APS Second Place Award of “Receptor for Advanced Glycation Damage in the Leech, Hirudo medici- $500 went to Eugenia Chu, a senior at Endproducts (RAGE) and Cellular nalis”); Hui-Tzung Luh, a junior at Evans High School in Evans, GA. Perturbation in Alzheimer’s Disease” Municipal Kaohsiung High School in Chu’s project, “Neuroprotection and involved crossbreeding strains of trans- Taiwan (“Search for Proteins Neurotransmitter Release by a genic mice with targeted overexpres- Differentially Expressed During Tissue Dopamine D3 Receptor Agonist: sion of either RAGE or a mutant form Regeneration of Tadpole Tail”); Potential Antiglaucoma Drugs” was of amyloid precursor proteins. For his Kawika A. Mortensen, a senior at conducted in rat PC12 pheochromocy- efforts Stern also was awarded an all- Kamehameha Secondary School in toma cells in which D3 receptors were expenses paid trip to attend the upcom- Honolulu, HI (“Microalgal Antioxidant identified by immunocytochemistry and ing World Congress of Gerontology in Effects on an In Vitro Model of Western blot analysis. Chu’s other ISEF Vancouver, Canada. Atherosclerosis”); and Yu-Ting Yuan,

Andrew Lechner and George Ordway present APS awards to APS Judges: Stephen Flaim, John Horowitz, Barbara Horwitz, Angela Catherine Lee, Eugenia Chu, Effie M. Wang, and Alan R. George Ordway, and Andrew Lechner Stern.

184 The Physiologist Education a senior at the National Kaohsiung J5 Human Hepatoma Cell Line”). In 12 lesson plans, and educational pack- Normal University High School in addition, the high school science men- ets for use in their classrooms. ❖ Taiwan (“Effects of Capsaicin on Free tors of the ten student awardees Andrew Lechner Radicals and Telomerase Activity in the received APS subscriptions, CDs of K- APS Education Committee Member

APS 2001 ISEF Awardees – Continued Success Leads to Choice Academic Paths

APS awardees at the 51st ISEF last outdone, Ahmed S. Mousa had earned e-mail: [email protected]] in the year in Detroit, MI, comprised an the APS 2nd Place Award in 2000 as a APS education office. Providing recog- equally impressive group of secondary sophomore at Avon Grove High School nition awards to these deserving high school students. At that competition in in West Grove, PA after taking the 4th school students is only one of the many 2000, Ellyn A. Easley, then a senior at place APS award in 1999 for his ongo- ways in which APS supports pre-col- Alamogordo Senior High School in ing studies entitled, “Discovery of lege science education. The APS also Alamagordo, NM earned APS’ First Angiogenesis Inhibition by Garlic.” supports K-12 science educators with Place Award of $1,000 for her project, After winning more than $8,000 in cash programs designed to increase science “Effects of Cryoprotectants on the and scholarships at ISEF 2000 last year, teachers’ curriculum content and peda- Revivification of Frozen Insects.” Ahmed went on to present two sole- gogical skills. Among APS programs Easley’s APS prize was announced the author posters at the Experimental for such teachers are workshops and day before she garnered an additional Biology meetings last March in materials for K-4 teachers through the $9,000 in scholarships from Intel and Orlando, FL (FASEB J. 15:A117, “My Health, My World” program coor- from the Office of Naval Research that 2001). This year in San Jose, the APS dinated with Baylor College of she is now applying to her undergradu- judging team paid a courtesy call on Medicine in Texas. Grant-funded pro- ate studies at the University of New Mousa at the poster display of his latest grams, such as the “Frontiers in Mexico. The APS third place award in research, “Anti-cancer Efficacy of Physiology” and “Explorations in 2000 went to Kimberly Jane Garlic: Cellular and Genetic Biomedicine,” support middle school Buehring, then a junior at Banquete Mediators”. This newest effort earned and high school teachers who work dur- High School in Banquete, TX. him additional cash awards from Intel ing the summer directly with APS Buehring also took home more honors and the US Army as well as an members in their research laboratories. last year for her project, “A Succulent $8,000/year scholarship at the “Explorations” is specifically designed Solution to a Burning Problem,” includ- University of the Sciences in for teachers in Montana who teach pri- ing Intel’s 3rd Place Award of $1,500 in Philadelphia. Mousa summarized the marily Native American students. Medicine and Health, plus a full tuition sentiments of many ISEF finalists when “Frontiers,” which is offered to teachers scholarship for up to five years to attend he thanked the APS membership pro- nationwide, also supports local work- Drexel University. Returning to ISEF fusely for the recognition and incentive shops on physiology topics for middle 2001 in San Jose as a senior, Buehring that these awards provide. and high school science teachers. For earned additional honors and awards for The 53rd Annual ISEF is scheduled more information about APS education phase IV of her studies, worth over for May 5-10, 2002, in Louisville, KY. programs, send your e-mail to: educa- $3,000 from the US Air Force and the APS members wishing to volunteer to [email protected] or visit our website Patent and Trademark Office of the US serve as local judges should contact at http://www.the-aps.org/education. Department of Commerce. Not to be Alta Wallington [(301) 571-0692; or by htm. ❖

Moving? If you have moved or changed your Your membership information can phone, fax, or email address, please also be changed by visiting the notify the APS Membership Office at Members Only portion of the APS 301-530-7171 or fax to 301-571-8313. website at http://www.the-aps.org.

Vol. 44, No. 4, 2001 185 Membership

New Regular Members *Transferred from Student Membership Tara Jeffrey Allen* Ouvind Ellingsen George G. Rodney* William Jewell College, Liberty, MO Norwegian Univ. of Science & Tech. Univ. of Maryland Rebecca Baillie Mazyar Fallah* Shyamal K. Roy Entelos, Inc. Princeton Univ. Univ. of Nebraska Julien Steven Baker Akikazu Fujita Albert John Sinusas Univ. of Glamorgan, Wales Osaka Prefecture Univ. Yale Univ. Michael F. Bergeron* Brian G. Harbrecht Brian Lee Stauffer Medical College of Georgia Univ. of Pittsburgh Univ. of Colorado Douglas R. Bolster* Mark Hargreaves Jena J. Steinle* Pennsylvania State Univ. Deakin Univ., Burwood Australia Texas A&M Univ. Richard Bouley Luke J. Janssen Shawn Keith Stover* Massachusetts General Hospital McMaster Univ. Davis & Elkins College, Elkins, WV Cindy Irene Buchanan* Korinne N. Jew* Paloma Valverde Northeastern Univ. Univ. of Colorado The Forsyth Institute Nipon Chattipakorn* Andrew Mark Jones Holly Van Remmen Univ. of Alabama, Birmingham Manchester Metropolitan Univ., England Univ. of Texas Health Sciences Ctr. Samuel N. Cheuvront Chris J.H. Jones JunMing Wang USARIEM Wales Heart Research Institute Univ. of Ottawa Heart Institute Li Cui Stacie M. Jones Richard D. Weisel Univ. of California, San Diego Univ. of Arkansas Toronto General Hospital Ian Christopher Davis Sri Nageswari Kalluri Geoffrey Esty Woodard Univ. of Alabama, Birmingham Government Med. College, India NIH-NIDDK Claudio DeAraujo Kazuyuki Kanosue Zhennai Yao Clinimex Medicina Do Exercicio, Brazil Osaka Univ. Med. Sch. Univ. of Chicago Muberra Devrim Dogan Alejandro Lomniczi Wenliang Zhou St Joseph’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ Buenos Aires Univ. Harvard Medical School Xiao-Jun Du David D. McPherson Baker Medical Research Inst., Australia Northwestern Univ.

New Student Members Azra Ahmed Andrea G. Bechtold Lisa Blackburn Boyette Framingham State College Univ. of Missouri Virginia Commonwealth Univ. Almamoun Alshingit Caren R. Beck Dale Branks Florida State Univ. Univ. of Florida Univ. of Nevada, Las Vegas Olivia Amanfor Ilya R. Bederman Nelson Bruno William Paterson Univ., Wayne, NJ Case Western Reserve Univ. Univ. Autonomad De Sado Domingo, Kostas Anastasiou Beth A. Beidleman Dominican Republic Harokopio Univ. US Army Research Institute Jason Burgt Cindy Anderson Magnus Benetti Royal Netherland Air Force Ball State Univ. UFRGS-Hosp De Clindcas, Brazil William Cade Mary Anderson Richard A. Beswisk Univ. of Maryland Univ. of Southern Maine Univ. of Michigan Scott Campbell Joseph Andreacci Neetesh Bhandari Dickinson College Univ. of Pittsburgh Univ. of Georgia Daniel J. Cartucho Marc Apkarian Tracy Ann Bloodgood Univ. of Coimbra, Portugal Univ. of New Mexico St. Louis Univ. Christianne Chaves Rakesh Christopher Arora Stephanie Blum Univ. Gama Filho, Brazil Dalhousie Univ. Univ. of Utah Deirdra Nicole Chester Basem Attum Benjamin Bograd Florida International Univ. Univ. of Louisville Florida State Univ. Donna L. Cioffi Ryon Bateman Alsadek Hassan Bogzil Univ. of South Alabama Univ. of Western Ontario Manchester Univ. Jennifer E. Cockrell Timothy Batts Dimitrios Bouradas Pennsylvania State Univ. Virginia Tech Univ. of Athens

186 The Physiologist Membership

Zoe Cohen Juliane Hernandez Jeffrey Little Univ. of Arizona Iowa State Univ. Univ. of Massachusetts Jennifer Copeland Anne E. Hicks Jing Jing Liu Univ. of New Brunswick Univ. of Sheffield Pennsylvania State Univ. John Cox Ian Neil Hines Elizabeth D. Loomis Univ. of Maryland Louisiana HSC, Shreveport Medical College of Georgia Elizabeth Crosby Sara F.A. Hofwing Richard Lovering Univ. of Utah West Virginia Univ. Univ. of Maryland Stephen James Crozier Jas Hsiao-Ching Moh Malek Hershey Medical Center Kaohstung Med Univ., PR China California State Univ., Fullerton Karen Daigle Allison Alisha Ivy Erin Lin Manning Florida State Univ. Meharry Medical College Univ. of Kentucky Abigail Dean Rupert Jakes Michael Maziekas Temple Univ. Univ. of Cambridge Bloomsburg Univ., Pennsylvania Melanie Dion Nikki Jernigan Shaun McMahon Temple Univ. Univ. of New Mexico Univ. of Queensland Michael Donovan Yolanda L. Jones Agnes Molnar Western Maryland College Howard Univ. Cidade Univ.-UNICAYP, Brazil Wawrzyniec Dobrucki Wissam H. Joumaa Christopher Moore Ohio Univ. Nantes Univ., Nantes, France North Carolina State Univ. Cathia Dorleant Lois Kaminski Tony Musto William Paterson Univ., Wayne, NJ Michigan State Univ. Univ. of Miami Todd Duhumel Michael Kellen Sharmila Nabar Univ. of Waterloo Univ. of Washington Univ. of Maryland Kaushik Dutta Ole Kemi Rafael A. Nafikov Univ. of New England Norwegian Univ. of Sci. and Tech. Iowa State Univ. Josef Brandauer Katherine Kilpatrick Vihang A. Narkar Univ. of Maryland Queen’s Univ. Univ. of Houston Jessica Ellerman Erik Kirk Jason Robert Neil Dickinson College Univ. Kansas Pennsylvania State Univ. Dale Eslinger Tina M. Kish Michael Nguyen Univ. of New Brunswick Pennsylvania State Univ. Bloomsburg Univ., Pennsylvania Emily Claire Fabianke Takuya Kishi Jessica O'Connor Univ. of Mississippi Kyushu Univ., Fakuoka, Japan Marquette Univ. Imelda Figaro Dzovig Kolejian Audrey Oliver William Paterson Univ., Wayne, NJ Univ. of Maryland California State Univ., Chico Danilo Franco Raghu Kolluri Rena Orman Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln Pennsylvania State Univ. SUNY Health Science Center Kimberly K. Franzen Maria Irene Kontaridis Donna Ann Ortiz Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln Yale Univ. New Mexico Highlands Univ. Scott Allen Gahr Hon Wai Koon Rebecca A. Page West Virginia Univ. Univ. of Hong Kong Pennsylvania State Univ. Haralambos Georgakakis James Krieger Charilaos Papadopoulos Harakopio Univ., Athens, Greece Washington St Univ. Georgia State Univ. Nashaat Z. Gerges Vinayshree Kumar Michael Perry Univ. of Houston Pennsylvania State Univ. Pennsylvania State Univ. Soma Ghosh Asha Layne Leandra Patricia Peters Jawaharlal Nehru Univ., India William Paterson Univ., Wayne, NJ Loma Linda Univ. Pedro Barros Gomes Joanne Sung Yun Lee John Petrella Inst. of Pharmacol. and Therapy, Portugal Univ. of Toronto Univ. of Georgia Ana Lourdes Gomez Carrie Lemieux Sandeep Pingle Ball State Univ. Univ. of Oregon Southern Illinois Univ. Patricia Gordon Shannon L. Lennon Chakarg Pongurgsorn Jeam Mayer USDA HNRCA, Boston Univ. of Florida Univ. of Illinois Susan N. Hansen Rebecca Levit Liana Poulia Univ. of South Dakota Dickinson College Harokopio Univ., Athens, Greece Paul Henning Hsin-Fu Lin Jessica Power Cyr Florida State Univ. Natl. Taiwan Normal Univ. East Stroudsburg Univ., Pennsylvania

Vol. 44, No. 4, 2001 187 Membership

Roli Prasad Shiladitya Sengupta Torry A. Tucker Univ. of Illinois Univ. of Cambridge Univ. of Alabama Ashok Balaji Ramalingam Damian Seung-Ho Shin Ragini Vittal National Univ. of Singapore Univ. of Toronto Texas Woman’s Univ. Andrew Ray Jenifer Silverman Jeff Williams Univ. of Buffalo Long Island Univ. Univ. of California, Davis Ali Kathleen Reiter Christine Silvis Jennifer Beth Williams Pennsylvania State Univ. Pennsylvania State Univ. Univ. of Alabama, Birmingham Chad E. N. Reiter Melvin F. Simoyi Nicole Williams Pennsylvania State Univ. West Virginia Univ. Univ. of Newcastle Stephen G. Rice Jose Maria Soares Beth Ann Wirick Northern Arizona Univ. Northwestern Univ. Wright State Univ. Monique P. Richards Alan Stephenson Joel Wojciechowski Univ. of North Carolina East Carolina Univ., Greenville, NC Univ. of Rochester Kunsik Ro Elizabeth Stover Elizabeth Parker Wood Univ. of Wisconsin, Milwaukee Michigan State Univ. Boston Univ. Andre Rodrigues John Strong Trinka Wood Brazilian Army Research Institute Brigham Young Univ. Lousiana State Univ. Ana Ruiz Tim Takken Ai-Lun Yang Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln Univ. Med. Center, Utrecht National Cheng-Kung Univ., Taiwan Michael J. Russell Swee Kheng Tan Jianqi Yang Univ. of Notre Dame Michigan State Univ. Case Western Reserve Univ. Carl Saab Xin Tang Tongjian You Univ. of Texas Med. Branch, Galveston Medical College of Wisconsin Univ. of North Carolina Sharya Sandiford Elizabeth Teodecki Yun Zhang William Paterson Univ., Wayne, NJ Washington State Univ. Univ. of California-Los Angeles David Sandler Heather S. Thompson Matthew C. Zimmerman Univ. of Miami Univ. of Massachusetts Univ. of Iowa Alex Seen Patti Thorn Jiyao Zou Univ. of Connecticut Univ. of Texas Pennsylvania State Univ. Paul Selberg-Franks Ernest F. Trotman Cambridge Univ. Long Island Univ.

New Affiliate Members Mark Edwin Lund William Perrotti Univ. of Pennsylvania Mohawk Valley Community College, Utica, NY

Recently Deceased Members William B. Blythe Theodore N. Pullman Louis A. Toth Chapel Hill, NC Chicago, IL Lexington, KY Marie Mullaney Cassidy David F. Rahlmann Russell H. Wilson Washington, DC Lafayette, CA Dallas, TX Ralph S. Goldsmith Carlos E. Rapela Peter H. Wright Half Moon Bay, CA Pis de Cordoba, Argentina Bloomington, IN C. Adrian M. Hogben Margaret J. Sullivan Ellsworth, ME Columbia, MO Kenneth E. Penrod William H. Sweet Tallahassee, FL Brookline, MA

188 The Physiologist Section News

Introducing Ken Baldwin Effective April 2001, Ken Baldwin published extensively on this general succeeded Charles M. Tipton as the theme in both the American Journal of Chair of the Exercise and Environ- Physiology and the Journal of Applied mental Physiology (EEP) Section of Physiology. the APS. Prior to assuming this role Based on his expertise in muscle biol- Baldwin served on the Animal Care ogy, Baldwin has served key roles in the and Experimentation Committee from program activities and advisory coun- 1990-1993 and was the APS representa- cils of both the NIH and NASA. From tive to the FASEB Consensus Coalition 1987-1991 he served on the NIH on Federal Funding of Biomedical Respiratory and Applied Physiology Research in which he chaired the Study section, and he recently was Subcommittee on NASA from 1997- appointed as a founding member of the 2000. He also served on the program newly formed Skeletal Muscle Biology committees for the three APS- spon- Study Section. Also, he has served on sored Biology of Exercise Specialty several strategic planning workshops Conferences. and Task Forces for NIAMS. Currently, Baldwin is currently Professor of Ken Baldwin he serves on the jointly sponsored Physiology and Biophysics, College of NIH/NASA Biomedical and Behavioral Medicine at the University of gravity skeletal muscle. Although he Advisory Committee, which fosters California, Irvine (UCI) where he has initially received a grant from NASA in joint research activities between the two been located for the past 28 years. He 1980 to study the effects of spaceflight agencies. did his undergraduate work at on muscle mitochondrial function, it Within NASA, Baldwin chaired the Springfield College in Massachusetts took him 11 years before completing Life Sciences Advisory Committee where he received his Bachelor of this initial project, because of the lack from 1994-2000 and currently serves as Science degree, Magna Cum Laude, in of available flight opportunities during chair of the Biological and Physical 1964. Following completion of the the initial stages of NASA’s space lab Research Advisory Committee (1999- Master of Science degree in program (hardly a good model in which 2001). More recently, he was appointed Biomechanics and Physical Education to receive tenure in a research universi- to the NASA Advisory Council, which at the University of Massachusetts, ty). However, in the last decade he has is the highest ranking advisory group Baldwin served briefly as an Instructor had four flight opportunities in which to within the space agency. In 2000, he of Physical Education at Keen State explore the effects of gravity on the was appointed as the Muscle Atrophy University in New Hampshire and at the mechanisms of a) atrophy processes in Team Leader for overseeing counter- University of Massachusetts, Amherst. adult animals and b) muscle growth and measure-related research within the He then began studies in Exercise differentiation processes in neonatal NASA-sponsored National Space Physiology at the University of Iowa models. These studies laid the ground Biomedical Research Institute. where he received his PhD in 1970 work for our current understanding that Over the years Baldwin has received under the mentorship of C. M. Tipton. sarcomeric gene expression in antigrav- several awards for his service and From 1970-73, Baldwin served as a ity skeletal muscle is highly regulated research activities including the NASA postdoctoral fellow in the field of exer- by the daily impact of gravity. Group Achievement Award in Spacelab cise biochemistry at Washington In addition to his space biology Sciences in 1992, the American College University School of Medicine in St. research, Baldwin has been funded con- of Sports Medicine Citation Award in Louis under the direction of John O. tinuously for over 20 years by both the 1993, the APS Edward Adolph Award in Holloszy. Baldwin’s pre-doctoral and National Institute of Heart, Lung, and Exercise and Environmental Physiology postdoctoral research focused on the Blood Diseases and the National in 1998, and the NASA Public Service adaptive properties of different types of Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal, Medal in 1999. skeletal muscle in response to acute and and Skin Diseases (NIAMS). This Baldwin and the EEP Steering chronic exercise stress. research has focused on interactive Committee, consisting of Clark After joining the faculty at UCI, studies concerning hormonal and of Blatteis, Vic Convertino, Hal Laughlin, Baldwin became interested in the activity/inactivity factors in the regula- Kevin Kregel, Tim Musch, and Andy effects of the microgravity environment tion of striated muscle myosin heavy Young have established a number of on the structure and function of anti- chain gene expression. Baldwin has goals for the next few years. These

Vol. 44, No. 4, 2001 189 Section News include the continuation of the APS Coupled to these program goals within science program presented at the annu- EEP Section as an international leader the Section is an initiative to create a al Experimental Biology meeting. in the sponsoring of Exercise/Environ- greater voice within APS in influencing Finally, the EEP must become postured mental Biology Specialty Conferences, and shaping the ongoing evolution of to provide a voice of advocacy of sup- which have been most successful under the peer review process for the review porting more research opportunities for the past leadership of Peter Wagner. A of exercise- and environmental sci- activity, inactivity, and environmental second goal is to use the EEP as the pri- ences- focused research grant proposals factors that impact a variety of health mary vehicle for sponsoring cutting- at NIH. A fourth goal is to increase syn- problems facing society in the new mil- edge symposia, poster sessions, and ergy between the EEP Section and other lennium through its interactions with special topics that focus on mechanisms sections in APS such as the Cardiovas- specific Institutes within the NIH and at of molecular and cell biology, the inte- cular and Comparative Physiology NASA. Thus, there are many challenges grated biology of activity/inactivity dis- Sections and the Myobio Group in facing the EEP and the time is ripe to orders, and the functional genomics of order to generate greater depth and address them. ❖ exercise and environmental physiology. breadth of integrated topics within the

Introducing Michael L. Jennings

Effective April 2001, Michael L. (band 3). Unlike many other trans- Jennings succeeded Robert B. Gunn porters, band 3 can be studied at the as the Chair of the Cell and Molecular molecular level not only by heterolo- Physiology Section of the APS. gous expression and mutagenesis, but Jennings is Professor and Chairman of also by biochemical analysis of the pro- the Department of Physiology and tein in the native red blood cell. His lab- Biophysics at the University of oratory is using a combination of bio- Arkansas for Medical Sciences chemical and kinetic approaches with (UAMS). He received his PhD in red cells, as well as inducible expres- Biophysics from Harvard University in sion in mammalian cells, to identify 1976, where he was a student of Arthur amino acid residues of functional K. Solomon. Following a postdoctoral importance and to define the elementary fellowship with Hermann Passow at the events in the catalytic cycle for trans- Max Planck Institut für Biophysik in port. Frankfurt, Germany, he joined the fac- Another interest in Jennings’ labo- ulty at the University of Iowa in the ratory is cell volume regulation. In addi- Department of Physiology and Michael L. Jennings tion to being a general problem in phys- Biophysics, headed by Robert E. iology, cell volume regulation is espe- Fellows. In 1987 he moved to the of the APS. He has been on several cially important in the context of sickle University of Texas Medical Branch in other editorial boards, including the cell disease. Because of the high con- Galveston as Professor of Physiology Journal of General Physiology, Journal centration dependence of the hemoglo- and Biophysics in the department of Biological Chemistry, Biochimica et bin S gelation rate, a slight increase in chaired by Luis Reuss. In 1995 he Biophysica Acta, and American Journal red cell volume would significantly moved to UAMS, where he is in the of Kidney Diseases. He was President of reduce the rate of sickle cell formation. process of building a department that, the Society of General Physiologists in Red cell volume is affected by a K+-Cl- like those at Iowa and Galveston, is 1997-98. cotransport system that is stimulated by focused on cell physiology. Jennings’ main research interest is in cell swelling and by several other inter- Jennings has been on the Editorial the structure, function, and regulation of ventions, some of which inhibit protein Board of AJP:Cell Physiology since ion transporters, especially coupled kinases. Although it is clear that red cell 1984 and was on the Editorial Board of exchangers and cotransporters. He and K+-Cl- cotransport is regulated by Physiological Reviews in 1985-93 his associates have spent many years phosphorylation events, the molecular (Associate Editor 1991-93). He was studying the topology and function of details are poorly understood. Jennings also on the Technical Books Committee the erythrocyte anion exchange protein is currently using a variety of experi-

190 The Physiologist Section News mental approaches (knockout mouse Sussman (Postdoctoral Fellow living cells, i.e., cell/molecular physiol- RBC, yeast) to try to determine the Representative). Jennings very much ogy, will be an increasingly important identity and modes of regulation of the looks forward to working with the new facet of research in all organ systems. kinases and phosphatases that control Steering Committee. Jennings encourages APS members K+-Cl- cotransport. Jennings feels that the Cell and with primary affiliation in other sec- Jennings is grateful to the previous Molecular Physiology Section will con- tions to choose secondary affiliation in Section Chair, Robert B. Gunn,the tinue to be of major importance to APS, the Cell and Molecular Physiology continuing Vice-Chair, Martha E. because more and more investigators Section. O’Donnell, and to the Cell/Molecular are using the techniques and approach- One of the concerns of many mem- Steering Committee for the outstand- es of cell physiology. Many biochemists bers of the Cell and Molecular ing leadership they have provided over and biophysicists who had previously Physiology Section of APS is that there the past several years. Steering Com- worked exclusively on isolated mole- is a critical need for NIH Study Sections mittee members who have completed cules are now using optical imaging with expertise in and appreciation for their terms are Simon A. Lewis,who techniques to study molecular interac- cell physiology. Jennings was a mem- was Program Advisory Committee tions in intact cells. An important mis- ber of the Physiology Study Section Representative, and Marshall H. sion of the Section is to maintain a high when it was disbanded as part of a pre- Montrose, who served as Councillor. profile for cellular and molecular-level liminary reorganization of NIH Study Kim E. Barrett, Editor of AJP:Cell research in APS. The Section should Sections. In part because of the dissolu- Physiology has provided outstanding help promote APS membership among tion of the Physiology Study Section, service as ex officio Steering Commit- current non-members who consider there are currently not enough Study tee member. In addition to Martha themselves to be biochemists, biophysi- Sections that are “natural homes” for O’Donnell, the other continuing mem- cists, and cell biologists. grants focused on cell physiology. ber is Peter M. Cala, who is Program At the other end of the scale of bio- Jennings feels that the Cell and Advisor. Newly elected Steering logical complexity, individuals interest- Molecular Physiology Section of APS Committee members are John ed in integrative organ-system physiolo- should be a strong voice urging NIH to Cuppoletti (Councillor), Peter K. gy now have the tools to study the cel- ensure that cell physiology is properly Lauf (Councillor), Ronald M. Lynch lular and molecular basis of organ func- represented in Study Section member- (Program Advisor), and Caroline R. tion. The study of molecular function in ship. ❖ Deadlliines!! Deadlliines!! The APS sponsored awards are plentiful, but in order to be considered, don’t forget to submit the application information before the deadline! Award Next Deadlineline Research Career Enhancement Awards October 15 Teaching Career Enhancement Awards October 15 Shih-Chun Wang Young Investigator Award November 1 Arthur C. Guyton Awards in Integrative Physiology November 1 Giles F. Filley Memorial Awards for Excellence in Respiratory Physiology and Medicine November 1 Lazaro J. Mandel Young Investigator Award November 1 Procter & Gamble Professional Opportunity Awards November 7 Caroline tum Suden/Francis A. Hellebrandt Professional Opportunity Awards November 7 Liaison With Industry Award for Novel Disease Models November 7 NIDDK Travel Fellowships for Minority Physiologists for EB Meeting November 13 John F. Perkins, Jr., Memorial Fellowships November 15 Orr E. Reynolds History Award December 1

Vol. 44, No. 4, 2001 191 Publications

Persson Named Editor of AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology

Starting August 1, Pontus B. tegrative and Comparative Physiology Persson, Professor and Chair of go from here? It will be important for Cardiovascular Physiology at the the journal to reflect the newest trends Humboldt University of Berlin, will of the field. We will therefore alter the succeed John E. Hall as Editor of the subheadings to include “Regulation in American Journal of Physiology- Genetically Modified Animals”, Regulatory, Integrative and Compara- “Model Organisms and Comparative tive Physiology. In Heidelberg, the new Functional Genomics” and “Develop- Editor studied medicine and received ment and Tissue Plasticity”. To help his postdoctoral education at Ruprecht- shape platforms for important topics, Karls-University, which was supported “In Focus” reviews will very briefly by a scholarship from the “Studiens- outline 15-25 related articles published tiftung des deutschen Volkes.” Hartmut in this journal over the previous two Kirchheim, his mentor, stimulated years. The previous editorial group was Persson’s interest in baroreceptor very successful in recruiting excellent reflexes, especially with regard to kid- manuscripts related to ingestion and ney function and blood pressure regula- obesity. The future editors set out to tion. Baroreceptor denervation leads to Pontus B. Persson enhance this development. extreme blood pressure variability. The in Germany assume that Persson comes The submissions to the journal, to a fascinating patterns observed in the from the United States. Kinder large degree, are very international. The blood pressure traces led Persson to Scandinavian peers, however, seem to new Editorial Team has colleagues from turn his attention toward spectral analy- accept him as a fellow Swede, which he many different countries. As a sis, chaos and nonlinear modeling. is, although only his first years were Consulting Editor, the Past President of Fortunately, the nonlinear parameters of spent in that country (Lund, 1962- the American Physiological Society, blood pressure dynamics published in 1965). The confusion in citizenship has Gerald DiBona, will help guide the American Journal of Physiology were two sources: (1) his cheering in sports is future direction of the journal. Thomas more reliable than Persson’s personal opportunistic: ice hockey-Sweden, bas- Lohmeier and Joey Granger, previous forecast of the developments in the ketball-USA, soccer-Germany; (2) he Associate Editors, will continue to stock market development (unpublish- has served as an editorial board member serve on the editorial team. Allen able data). Early in his career, Persson for Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, Cowley, William Cupples, and Jürgen was able to set up an independent Pflügers Archiv and for the Heart and Schnermann will further strengthen the research group with resources from the Regulatory sections of the American transatlantic ties. On the European side, German Research Foundation Journal of Physiology. The Regulatory, Ole Skøtt is “our man in Scandinavia,” (Gerhard-Hess-Award). After receiving Integrative and Comparative Section while Heimo Ehmke and Holger Scholz the call for the Chair of Cardiovascular has especially attracted his interest, become Associate Editors in Germany. Physiology at the Humboldt University since its wide scope reflects Persson’s Harald Stauss, a Special Editor for our in Berlin in 1993, his work remained personal scientific development. The Homepage and the new Forum page focused on the kidney and the cardio- interaction of control systems as a (starting January 2002), will recruit and vascular system. Today his working whole, or, as Boyd and Noble coined it, monitor reader’s letters and commen- group brings together techniques rang- “The Logic of Life”, is the focus of his taries. John Pritchard will serve as ing from in vitro studies of renin gene research efforts. The work of Persson Special Editor for Comparative translation in cell lysates using isolated and his group has been acknowledged Physiology and will provide us with perfused glomeruli of transgenic mice by the Ruprecht-Karls-Award, the direction in matters regarding manu- to the conscious dog, and, finally, Young Investigator Award from the scripts in that field in order to strength- research in human subjects. Water & Electrolyte Homeostasis en this important section of the Journal. Currently, Persson is the President of Section, and will be highlighted by the Persson looks forward to his the German Physiological Society. Henry Pickering Bowditch Award Editorship and welcomes your submis- Thus, several colleagues from North Lecture of the American Physiological sions to AJP-Regulatory, Integrative America may think that the upcoming Society at EB 2002. and Comparative Physiology. ❖ Editor is German. Notably, colleagues Where shall the AJP-Regulatory, In-

192 The Physiologist Chapter News

Nebraska Physiological Society Holds Fourth Annual Meeting The fourth annual meeting of the of the improved financial status of the Physiological Society, Gerald F. Nebraska Physiological Society was Society. Our sincere thanks go to APS, DiBona, Professor and Vice Chairman, held on Friday, May 11, 2001 in the and several vendors for their generosity Department of Internal Medicine, College of Pharmacy Auditorium at in sponsoring the meeting. The scientif- University of Iowa College of University of Nebraska Medical Center ic interaction was vigorous and infor- Medicine. As the APS Lecturer, the (UNMC), Omaha, Nebraska. The num- mation exchange remained unabated. APS sponsored DiBona’s visit. The title ber of registered members (95) repre- The meeting began at 9:30 AM with a of DiBona’s talk was “Neural control of sents a record high, indicating a healthy welcome and a brief overview of the the kidney: Functionality specific renal growth of the Society. A significant mission of the Society by Pamela K. sympathetic nerve activity.” His talk number of members came from the Carmines, President of NPS. In light of highlighted the role of nerves, particu- Animal Science Department of the major impact that state government larly of sympathetic nervous system, in University of Nebraska at Lincoln has on scientific research, Robert controlling blood pressure. (UNL), thus making it a true meeting of Bartee (Executive Assistant to the The poster session followed the talks Physiological Sciences. The number of Chancellor, University of Nebraska and represented investigators from the posters presented also increased signifi- Medical Center) was invited to provide Departments of Physiology and cantly from 24 to 36 this year. Another an overview of the current and future Biophysics, Pharmacology, Obstetrics/ new highlight of this year’s meeting directions that the legislature is taking Gynecology and Ophthalmology at the was the introduction of Best Poster for science in Nebraska. Bartee present- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Award for students and postdoctoral fel- ed a clear view of the current state gov- Department of Biomedical Sciences at lows. A panel of five judges selected six ernment policies and the role of Creighton University School of finalists from approximately 20 partici- UNMC, UNL, and Creighton Medicine, Department of Biology, pants in the competition. After the ini- University in shaping the future of sci- University of Nebraska at Kearney, tial screening of the abstracts, selected ence for the state. There are many areas Department of Animal Sciences, posters were visited by each judge. The of public awareness that need to be University of Nebraska-Lincoln, and judging was based on 1) quality of the improved. There were several questions USDA Meat Research Center. work, 2) clarity of presentation, 3) intri- concerning the state’s policy on fetal Physiological topics included ion chan- cacy of the work, and 4) the knowledge tissue research and mechanisms sup- nels, growth factors, hormone recep- of the presenter. While all selected porting research in different areas. tors, kinases, nitric oxide synthase, and posters were excellent, the award was Bartee also detailed how a substantial cloning of porcine genes using microar- presented to Beatrice Albrecht of amount of research money generated by rays. The interaction between people Kansas State University, Manhattan, the state’s share of tobacco settlement working in different areas of the physi- Kansas. This competition was a major would be available to the three major ological sciences was excellent, and event because it boosted the scientific schools in Nebraska that draw signifi- many graduate and post-doctoral stu- morale among the meeting participants, cant NIH funding. Bartee’s talk was fol- dents got the opportunity to interact especially among graduate students and lowed by the introduction of the with each other, as well as with other postdoctoral research students. This Keynote Speaker and immediate Past- investigators. Exhibition booths were new award was made possible because President of the American set up by North Central Instruments to

Pamela K. Carmines, NPS President; Gerald F. NPS President Pamela K. Carmines congratu- DiBona, APS Lecturer; Irving Zucker, Chair, Dept. lates APS Lecturer Gerald F. DiBona. of Physiology, UNMC; and Martin Frank, APS.

Vol. 44, No. 4, 2001 193 Chapter News demonstrate fluorescent microscopy Company. On behalf of the NPS, Roy copyright protection. He was afraid that and image analysis, plus other types of thanked all sponsors for providing this measure would erode the confi- microscopes used in biological research financial help and the Merck & dence of people that publish their work laboratories, and by Fisher Scientific Company for supporting the abstract in the journal and undermine dues-pay- highlighting various new products that booklet. There was no more discussion ing members. He indicated the impact are now being sold through Fisher with and the members unanimously accepted of molecular biology, especially the significant discounts to the universities. the Treasurer’s report. Janet Steele pro- decoding of human genome, on future The exhibits were helpful additions to vided a short presentation about physi- research. APS has already branched into the meeting and gave participants a ology education in secondary schools the new areas by publishing journals chance to interact with the company and how to entice these teachers to covering molecular research. Frank was representatives. We were very grateful attend the NPS meeting. Members of extremely impressed with the success of to North Central Instruments, Kendro NPS were also asked to consider forma- the NPS and the enthusiasm of its mem- Laboratory Products (Sorvall cen- tion of a Local Outreach Team, an edu- bers to hold a serious annual meeting. trifuges and Heraeus incubators, etc.), cational outreach program sponsored by He also praised the officials for their Merck & Company, and Fisher the APS. The members voiced to work in holding the meeting. DiBona Scientific for their sponsoring the meet- increase the time for poster presenta- added his praise for the Nebraska ing. Their financial help allowed us to tions so that everyone could view all Physiological Society and was defray some of the cost involved in posters. There was also a proposal to impressed with the variety of disci- arranging the annual meeting, including hold a joint meeting with the Iowa plines included, size of the meeting and the abstract and program booklets. We Physiological Society. Members agreed the enthusiasm of participants. are also grateful the UNMC to hold the joint meeting, but expected The final order of business was the Department of Physiology and to see adequate representation from the election of NPS officers and councilors Biophysics for sponsoring this year’s University of Iowa in the next meeting. for 2001-2002. David Petzel, Professor, meeting, and the College of Pharmacy Next, Martin Frank, APS Executive Creighton University School of for allowing us to use the auditorium Director, spoke on “APS: Shaping the Medicine, replaced Pamela Carmines as free of charge, which contributed to a Discipline in the New Millennium.” President for the next year. Members very successful meeting. Frank narrated the present status of the submitted election ballots at the end of Following the poster session, lunch APS and its vision and goals for the the meeting, which adjourned at 2:30 and the NPS business meeting were future. He mentioned that one of the PM. Results of the election (no recounts held simultaneously. Carmines opened recent goals of the Society was to were necessary) are as follows: the business meeting with a summary of increase the membership significantly, President-Elect: Shyamal K. Roy the goals of NPS, which was followed successfully achieving greater than (UNMC), Secretary/Treasurer: Janet by the Treasurer’s report. Shyamal K. 10,000 members by the end of the year Steele (UNK), Councillor, three-year Roy, the outgoing Secretary-Treasurer, 2000. However, the Society is constant- term: Andrea Cupp (UNL); Councillor, presented the current financial status of ly working to motivate more people to one-year term: George J. Rozanski the NPS. The financial situation of the become members. The benefits include (UNMC). NPS has improved significantly since reduced rate of subscriptions for both The minutes of the fourth annual the last year with four sponsors for this paper and on-line journals, free color meeting of the NPS, as well as photo- year’s meeting. The NPS budget started reproduction in Society journals, travel graphs, are also available at our web- with a surplus and ended with an addi- funds to attend meetings in the nation site: http://www.unmc.edu/Physiology/ tional surplus. Roy emphasized that and abroad, and research funds for nps. ❖ financial buffer was helpful to offset school and college teachers to teach any future cost that might originate physiology. Frank suggested boycotting Shyamal K. Roy from printing abstract booklets, which the proposition to force free online jour- Secretary-Treasurer was sponsored this year by Merck & nal access without any safeguard for Nebraska Physiological Society

Interested in starting a chapter of The APS in your state? For more information, contact Martin Frank, APS Executive Director,, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814; Tel 301-530-7118; Email: [email protected].

194 The Physiologist Public Affairs

House Acts to Extend Moratorium on USDA Rodent, Bird Regulations

On July 11 the House passed its ver- animals used in research. The USDA care those animals receive. On the other sion of the FY 2002 agriculture appro- has never sought to regulate rats, mice, hand, AWA requirements would signifi- priations bill that included language to and birds, nor has Congress ever cantly add to compliance paperwork extend for another year a moratorium instructed the agency to do so. and would raise the costs of using these on USDA regulation of rats, mice, and However, animal activists have long animals in research. birds. The provision bars the agency wanted to change that policy. During the comment period on the from spending funds to change the def- The current situation began when the Federal Register notice, the ARDF filed inition of “animal” used in the Animal ARDF and several individuals peti- suit to compel the USDA to regulate Welfare Act regulations. House tioned the USDA to regulate rats, mice, rats, mice, and birds. The first issue that Agriculture Appropriations Subcom- and birds, arguing that as commonly had to be resolved was whether the mittee Chairman Henry Bonilla (R-TX) used species of laboratory animals they plaintiffs were entitled to challenge included the language to extend the ought to fall under the AWA. (Purpose- government regulations. Until recently, moratorium. Subcommittee member bred laboratory rodents account for per- no individual had ever been granted Rep. George Nethercutt, Jr. (R-WA) haps 95% of the animals used in standing to sue the government under was instrumental in making certain that research.) The USDA published a the Animal Welfare Act. That changed the language remained in the bill during Federal Register notice in on January with a 1998 ruling by the US District floor debate in the House. The Senate 28, 1999, asking for public comments Court of Appeals for the DC Circuit in a Agriculture Appropriations Subcom- on the petitioners’ request. The USDA case involving a challenge to USDA’s mittee was expected to take up the lan- noted that most of the animals in these regulations for the environmental guage July 17. The moratorium will species that are used in biomedical enrichment of nonhuman primates. expire on September 30, 2001 unless research are found in institutions that Even though that case was finally Congress acts to renew it. use the National Research Council’s decided against the plaintiff on its mer- Last year Sen. Thad Cochran (R- Guide for the Care and Use of its, the precedent was established. MS), who was then the chairman of the Laboratory Animals. The Guide In June, 2000, US District Court Senate Agriculture Appropriations requires that research protocols be Judge Ellen S. Huvelle granted one of Subcommittee, added this language in given prior ethical review by an the individual plaintiffs in the rats, conference to block the USDA from Institutional Laboratory Animal Care mice, and birds legal standing, meaning proceeding with an out-of-court settle- and Use Committee and that all animal that this plaintiff had passed the legal ment agreement that it had reached with use be appropriate and humane. The threshold test and would be allowed to the Alternatives Research and USDA also noted that the size of the sue the USDA over how it was enforc- Development Foundation (ARDF), a task was a consideration since its ani- ing the AWA with respect to rats, mice, group affiliated with the American Anti- mal welfare enforcement program and birds. The National Association for Vivisection Society. With the change of would be hard-pressed to conduct Biomedical Research (NABR) and majority in the Senate, Cochran became inspections of a large number of addi- Johns Hopkins University sought to join the senior or ranking Republican mem- tional animals. the USDA as defendants in the suit to ber of the Subcommittee, and Sen. In its comments, the APS opposed challenge the plaintiff’s standing on Herbert Kohl (D-WI) is the new chair- USDA regulation of rats, mice, and appeal. However, the court held this man. birds at major biomedical research request in abeyance because, rather than The ARDF and several individual institutions as both unnecessary and continuing to fight the suit, the USDA plaintiffs had sued the USDA in 1999 to burdensome. On the one hand, research entered negotiations with the ARDF to force the agency to regulate rats, mice, with these animals at institutions that settle it. The research community also and birds under the Animal Welfare Act are federally funded or accredited by sought to join the settlement talks and (AWA). The language of the AWA the Association for the Assessment and was again excluded. requires the USDA to regulate six spe- Accreditation of Laboratory Animal In late September the USDA and cific animal species (dogs, cats, nonhu- Care (AAALAC) already conforms to ARDF reached an out-of-court settle- man primates, guinea pigs, rabbits and the strictures of the Guide for the Care ment in which the USDA promised to hamsters) and gives the Secretary of and Use of Laboratory Animals. The “initiate and complete” the rulemaking Agriculture discretion to add regula- addition of USDA standards under the process with respect to the regulation of tions for other species of warm blooded AWA would not improve the quality of rats, mice and birds, and the ARDF

196 The Physiologist Public Affairs agreed to withdraw its suit. Although entire process leading up to the settle- Chairman Cochran for assistance, and the USDA insists that the outcome of ment, the research community sought he responded by putting language into the rulemaking is not a foregone con- congressional intervention. The Uni- the USDA’s funding legislation to block clusion, having been excluded from the versity of Mississippi appealed to then- the settlement from taking effect. ❖

NIH Funding Increase Awaits Action

It is generally expected that Congress last minute have become routine in Health Statistics. That authority is fre- will wait until after its August recess to Washington. However, there is concern quently exercised with respect to the draft fiscal year 2002 spending plans for on Capitol Hill because early reports NIH because it has the largest budget the NIH. This is because the House and indicate that government revenues may among the HHS discretionary pro- Senate Appropriations Subcommittees be lower than expected as a result of the grams. that handle this legislation were given tax cut and a slowdown in the economy. However, the size of the transfers insufficient spending authority to pro- If the projected budget surplus turns out coming off the top of the NIH budget vide increases for the priority programs in fact to be a deficit, it would make it this year is drawing attention. under their jurisdiction, which include more difficult to provide the additional According to The Washington Fax, the NIH and education initiatives. funds. some $469 million of the announced President Bush requested $23.2 bil- In addition, The Washington Fax $2.8 billion NIH increase may end up in lion for the NIH, an increase of $2.8 bil- reported on July 16 that the $2.8 billion other programs. Because this would lion or 13.4% more than in FY 2001. increase was actually only about $2.3 exceed the 1% transfer authority, the Although this was a generous recom- billion because of funds that may be administration is also asking to increase mendation, it is still $500 million below administratively transferred out of the the allowable amount to 2%. This year the amount needed to keep the NIH on NIIH into other HHS programs. It has funds would be transferred not only for the path to a five-year doubling. The been common practice for the Secretary AHRQ and NCHS but also to help sup- APS supports the FASEB consensus of HHS to transfer up to 1% of funds port data collection efforts at the conference recommendation for a $23.7 from one agency to others such as the Substance Abuse and Mental Health billion NIH budget in FY 2002. Agency for Healthcare Research and Services Administration and work at the Infusions of spending authority at the Quality and the National Center for HHS Office of Policy Research. ❖

VA-HUD Subcommittee Marks Up Spending Bill On July 10, the House Appropriations that FASEB had advocated for in its FY which is an increase of $325.0 million Committee, Subcommittee on Veterans 2002 consensus conference. over the President’s budget request. Affairs and Housing and Urban Although there was good news for the This recommendation includes an Development (VA-HUD) approved an NSF, VA Medical Research received increase of $318.6 million for space sta- FY 2002 spending bill that provided the only a small increase. VA Medical and tion research consisting of a transfer of National Science Foundation with a Prosthetics Research would be funded $283.6 million. The committee instruct- substantial increase over the President’s at $360 million or a 2.9% increase over ed NASA to move all funding for space original budget request. FY 2001. This funding increase falls station research to the Office of The FY 2002 spending bill increased $35 million short of FASEB’s recom- Biological and Physical Research to NSF funding by 9% to $4.8 billion dol- mendation of $395 million for FY 2002. help ensure that it be used only for lars. The President’s budget request had The VA-HUD subcommittee also creat- research purposes. The FASEB consen- originally proposed only a 1% increase ed a new VA appropriation line item for sus conference urged NASA to enhance for NSF. The bulk of this money— a “Facility Rehabilitation Fund.” Of the the quality, depth and breadth of its $3.64 billion—would go to research, $300 million allocated for this line item, Biology Research Enterprise through with $885 million to be used for educa- $30 million must be spent on research the new Office of Biological and tion and $135 million to be used for facilities. Physical Research. It is not clear what equipment. While this 9% increase is The subcommittee also recommend- the actual biological research budget much needed and appreciated, it falls ed $685.9 million for the Office of will be. ❖ short of the $5.1 billion (15%) increase Biological and Physical Research,

Vol. 44, No. 4, 2001 197 Public Affairs

Congressman Nethercutt Introduces Antiterrorism Bill A recent wave of attacks on ment officials Congressman Nether- issue. On May 15, 2001, Congressman Washington state research facilities has cutt’s legislation would establish a Felix Grucci (R-NY) introduced the prompted Congressman George National Agroterrorism Incident Hands Off Our Kids Act of 2001. Nethercutt (R-WA) to introduce the Clearinghouse. This clearinghouse will Congressman Grucci’s bill aims to pre- Agroterrorism Prevention Act of 2001, help authorities track and monitor vio- vent animal and environmental groups as a way to deter future acts of violence. lent animal and eco-terrorist groups by from recruiting young adults to partici- Speaking to reporters after introducing collecting and maintaining information pate in violent and illegal activities. the legislation on June 5th, Nethercutt on specific incidents; collating and The legislation would allow the said, “these environmental terror groups indexing this information for purposes Attorney General to establish and are getting more aggressive-much more of cross referencing, and providing this implement a policy within the aggressive-and I think we need a strong information to investigators at a crime Department of Justice to identify organ- response…My greatest fear is that scene. izations that recruit adolescents to par- someone is going to get killed.” For universities, a major target of ter- ticipate in violent and illegal activities Specifically, the Agroterrorism rorists, the legislation provides help. related to the environment, animal Prevention Act (APA) expands the There would be award grants on a com- rights or any other matter the Attorney Animal Enterprise Protection Act, by petitive basis to colleges and universi- General considers being appropriate. It making terrorist actions against agricul- ties for technical assistance, threat and also would direct the Attorney General tural research facilities a federal crime. risk assessments and other activities to develop a national program within The new legislation provides deterrence designed to improve security. Some of the Office of Juvenile Justice and by increasing the minimum mandatory these activities include, developing a Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP), sentence for fire bombings and provid- comprehensive security report for uni- which identifies organizations that ing prosecutors the discretion to seek versities, colleges and non-profit organ- recruit juveniles to participate in violent the death penalty if such a crime results izations which examines the threat and illegal activities. This measure in someone’s death. posed by animal and plant enterprise would also authorize the Administrator A major problem facing law enforce- terrorism on research activities, educa- of OJJDP to award grants to States, and ment officials is the difficulty of track- tion on prevention, facility hardening, State and Local Educational Agencies, ing the perpetrators. The two lead ani- and coordination with law enforcement. to develop, establish, or conduct pro- mal and environmental terrorist fac- The APA aims at preventing and pun- grams designed to combat and educate tions, the Animal Liberation Front and ishing future acts of harm rendered by juveniles about these criminal organiza- the Environmental Liberation Front, animal and environmental rights groups tions. ❖ work in small factions without a cen- but it is not the only piece of legislation tralized structure. To aid law enforce- in the 107th Congress dealing with this

Stem Cell Debate Heats Up With a decision by the Bush about the relative benefits of adult stem potential in animal models.” In particu- Administration pending, federal fund- cells versus embryonic stem cells, it did lar, the report suggested human stem ing of human embryonic stem cell refer to findings suggesting that adult cells be transplanted into animal models research is taking center stage on the stem cells may be more limited than of human disease and that animal trans- Washington political theater. President cells of embryonic origin. The report plantation models be used to help George W. Bush has said that a decision said that for human stem cell research to address the question of whether embry- could come by mid to late summer, advance to the stage of clinical investi- onic human stem cells are “more robust although there is no indication that a gation, a “virtual safety net composed and durable” than adult stem cells. resolution is near. of core set of safeguards is required. . . The controversy here revolves around On June 27, the NIH released a pri- Whether embryonic stem cells are of the use of stem cells derived from vate report to Secretary of Health and embryonic, fetal or adult origin, donor human embryos since the embryos Human Services Tommy Thompson sources are must be carefully screened.” themselves must be destroyed in the based on a literature survey of over Additional protections advocated in the process. There is a federal ban on 1,200 scientific publications. While the draft include “proof of concept, toxicity embryo research, but the Clinton report made no direct determination testing and evaluation of proliferative administration sought to work around it.

198 The Physiologist Public Affairs

Although federal funds may not be life,” according to a Hatch statement. government cannot morally look the used to derive stem cells, the Clinton “Abortion destroys life; this is about other way with respect to the destruc- administration had put into place a pol- saving lives.” Other anti-abortion tion of human embryos, then accept and icy that would allow federal researchers Republicans who have added their sup- pay for extracted stem cells for the pur- to conduct research with stem cell lines port for federal funding of embryonic pose of medical research.” derived by others from “spare” embryos stem cell research include Sens. Strom Reports from the White House say that remain at the end of fertility treat- Thurmond (R-SC), Gordon Smith (R- that President Bush is grappling with ments. The first round of such grants OR), John McCain (R-AZ), and this issue both politically and personal- were reviewed this past spring, but there Representative Randy “Duke” Cunn- ly. According to aides, Bush has was some apprehension that the Bush ingham (R-CA). Nancy Reagan, wife of immersed himself in the moral and eth- administration would refuse to permit former Republican President Ronald ical issues at stake as well as the sci- the research to go forward. Reagan, who now suffers from ence. The Washington Post reports that Many Democrats and moderate Alzheimer’s, sent a letter urging he is “clearly searching for some kind Republicans favor embryonic stem cell President Bush to allow federal funding of compromise that not only takes into research, but a number of unlikely of this research to proceed. account the strong political crosscur- advocates have also come forth, includ- While there is a core set of Republi- rents at play, but also fits his own val- ing some politicians who have consis- cans fighting for this research, there is ues.” It now appears unlikely that a tently opposed issues widely seen as an equally adamant group who oppose decision will be made before the end of relating to abortion. Key among this it. House Majority Leader Richard July as advisers now say they do not group of stem cell research supporters Armey (R-TX), Majority Whip Tom expect Bush to make up his mind until has been Senator Orin Hatch (R-UT), Delay (R-TX), and Republican his July 23 visit with Pope John Paul II. one of the Senate’s most pro-life mem- Conference Chairman J.C. Watts (R- bers. “Stem cell research facilitates OK) said in a statement, “The federal

Positions Available

Chairperson: Michigan State University invites nomina- ogy, inflammation/immune modulation, and toxicology; tions/applications for the position of Chairperson, preference will be given to candidates demonstrating excel- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology. The position lence in one of these areas. A strong interest in professional offers the exciting opportunity of hiring new faculty and and graduate education and demonstrated leadership and directing one of this university's essential basic science administrative skills is essential. Applications should departments. Extensive educational and research interac- include a statement of interest in the position, a curriculum tions are possible given the unique affiliation of the vitae, and names of three potential references (not to be con- Department with the Colleges of Human, Osteopathic, and tacted until approval is received from the applicant). Veterinary Medicine, and the research funding opportunities Electronic applications are encouraged but paper materials provided by the Michigan Life Science Corridor Research also will be accepted. Applications should be sent to: David Fund. Candidates must have a PhD or other advanced I. Kaufman, DO, Chair of Search Committee c/o Kimberly degree with an outstanding record of research in pharmacol- Betts, Office of the Dean, A309 East Fee Hall, Michigan ogy and/or toxicology and must be a nationally recognized State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 [email protected]. leader in their field. It is anticipated that the successful can- The deadline for receipt of these materials is October 5, didate will maintain an active, extramurally funded research 2001. Women and minorities are encouraged to apply. program. The Department has major research emphases in People with disabilities have the right to request and receive the areas of cardiovascular pharmacology, neuropharmacol- reasonable accommodation. [EOE/AA]

Vol. 44, No. 4, 2001 199 Positions Available

Program Officer for US National Committees in the on behalf of the NAS that invite Unions to hold their con- Biological Sciences: The National Academy of Sciences gresses in the US; 11) perform other assigned duties. The (NAS)/National Research Council (NRC) is the official office consists of the Director, an Assistant Director, who is adhering member to the International Council for Science, responsible for financial planning and for helping the an international, nongovernmental scientific organization Director with the overall program direction; one Senior made up of national members and 25 disciplinary unions. Program Officer in charge of the USNCs for math and phys- The NAS has formed a US National Committee (USNC) to ical sciences; one program officer responsible for the interact with and represent US scientific interests in 25 of USNCs in earth and social sciences; and one senior program these unions. There are currently five such committees in officer responsible for international data and information the biological sciences. The incumbent manages these five issues. The office has four senior program assistants. BISO committees (plus one in social sciences), along with a team sits with the Policy and Global Affairs Division and is of four other professionals who are responsible for other dis- responsible for evaluating the directions of international sci- ciplinary groupings of USNCs. The program officer for the ence on behalf of the NAS and for managing the ICSU pro- USNCs in Biology Sciences will report to the Director of the gram at the NAS. Minimum qualifications (including years Board on International Scientific Organizations (BISO). or experience and education) are BS or MS in any area of the The program officer will work with five USNCs in the bio- life sciences, including biology, microbiology, physiology, logical sciences. These are the USNCs for the International biophysics, or environmental sciences; understanding of Union for Biological Sciences, the International Union for issues related to genomics; a broad interest in international Microbiological Sciences, the International Union for collaboration, and four to five years work experience. Physiological Sciences, the International Union for Required specialized skills include that the candidate must Biophysics and Molecular Biology, and the International have excellent communication skills and the ability to han- Union for Pure and Applied Biophysics. In addition, the pro- dle multiple committees at one time and must be able to gram officer will be responsible for one committee in the understand broad areas of science and be well-read on cur- social sciences, most likely the International Union for the rent issues facing scientists in the given fields. The ability to History and Philosophy of Sciences. Depending on the plan and manage meetings, communicate with sponsors and interests and expertise of the selected candidate, there may committee members is critical. The candidate must also be be some reassignment of committee responsibilities. He or able to approach other staff officers, particularly those on the she will have the following responsibilities: 1) guarantee disciplinary commissions, for advice and direction. This USNC adherence to all NRC and ICSU rules and regula- position requires both domestic and international travel. tions; 2) prepare and staff the meetings of the USNCs; 3) USNCs often meet on weekends. This position is a Grade K, provide liaison and regular communication to USNC mem- with a starting salary of $50,000 to $55,000. The starting bers and to relevant unions; 4) draft annual reports to the date is June 1, 2001. Please send curriculum vitae to: Wendy National Science Foundation; 5) provide liaison and regular D. White, Director, Board on International Scientific communication to NSF staff; 6) help write proposals for new Organizations, The National Academies—Advisers to the and ongoing programs; 7) in conjunction with the appropri- Nation on Science, Engineering, and Medicine, 2101 ate board or commission, identify and nominate committee Constitution Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20418. Tel: 202- members; 8) identify and nominate the US delegations to 334-2807; fax: 202-334-2231; email: [email protected] or Union meetings; 9) prepare appointment packages for [email protected]; Internet: http://national-academies.org. approval by the NRC chairman; 10) prepare and issue letters

Chair in Physiology: Ross University School of Medicine the Basic Science Departments at RUSM is teaching and (RUSM) is seeking nominations and applications for Chair curriculum development. The mission of Ross University in Physiology. Applications are invited from high-energy, School of Medicine is to challenge and empower students to results-oriented individuals. Candidates must have a PhD, achieve their full professional and personal potential as MD, or MD/PhD degree in the appropriate field and signifi- physicians. Our campus is located in the country of cant teaching experience in a US medical school. The pri- Dominica, a Caribbean island, one of the most natural and mary focus of the Basic Science Departments at RUSM is in unspoiled environments in this part of the world. teaching and in curriculum development. The successful Nominations and applications should be sent to: David P. candidate must be prepared to assume a leadership role and Willis, Director of Faculty Recruitment, Ross University the responsibility for developing a strong teaching School of Medicine, 460 West 34th St., New York, NY Department in Physiology and will be empowered to recruit, 10011. Tel: 212-279-5500, ext. 648; email: train, and retain a world class faculty. The primary focus of [email protected]; Internet: http://www.rossmed.edu.

200 The Physiologist Positions Available

Assistant Research Scientist: The Department of Internal Research Associate: A Research Associate is needed to Medicine, Cardiovascular Diseases Division is seeking an work as part of a laboratory group studying in vivo rodent Assistant Research Scientist to perform basic research to metabolism and physiology focusing on brain and cardiac advance knowledge of cellular and molecular mechanisms function. Responsibilities will include preparation of in vivo involved in the function of baroreceptor and sympathetic models and in vitro assessments of extracted tissues. The neurons. The work will require expertise in theoretical and Research Associate will work as part of a team using mag- methodological aspects of integrated cardiovascular physi- netic resonance imaging, physiological evaluation, and bio- ology, cellular electrophysiology, and calcium imaging chemical assays to perform experiments using established microscopy. This position requires that a person in this clas- models and to develop new experimental protocols to meet sification has the academic knowledge of a discipline that is the needs of various projects. Requirements: BS/MS or generally associated with a Doctoral degree or an equivalent higher in biological sciences or related field and 2+ years professional degree, i.e., MD, DDS, or DVM. In addition, experience with hands-on experience with in vivo systems the person will have demonstrated the ability to plan and with possession of basic surgical skills, and execute a research study through some progressively biochemical/analytic assays. Special consideration will be responsible independent research work. This position given to candidates with experience in rodent intubation, desires a PhD degree in physiology or related discipline and ventilation, and familiarity with physiology software/hard- research experience in the areas of cardiovascular physiolo- ware systems. The individual should be self-motivated with gy and cellular electrophysiology. Please send resume and excellent organizational talents. Please send curriculum cover letter indicating #44550 to: Carol Wehby, Human vitae and letter to: Linda Jelicks PhD, Department of Resources, Internal Medicine, E400 GH, 200 Hawkins Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242-1081. Women and minorities are Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York, strongly encouraged to apply. [EOE/AA] 10461. Email: [email protected]; fax: 718-430-8819; tel: 718-430-2722. [EOE]

Biological Science Assistants: The US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM) in Natick, MA has multiple positions available for qualified Biological Sciences Assistants. USARIEM conducts basic and applied research concerning optimization of performance under Professor of Physiology: Ross University School of stressful conditions and avoidance of associated medical Medicine (RUSM) is seeking nominations and applications problems. The positions require enlistment into the US for a full-time teaching position for a Professor of Army for six years with the assignment at USARIEM, which Physiology. Candidates must have a doctoral degree in the is in the Boston suburbs. Educational requirement is a field (PhD, MD). Significant teaching experience in a US Bachelor’s or Master’s Degree in biology, physiology, medical school, a strong record of excellence and commit- microbiology, exercise science, nutrition, biomechanics or ment to teaching, and an interest in innovative approaches to biochemistry. Applicants should have a history of high aca- teaching are required. The primary focus of the Basic demic achievement and be highly motivated. Previous expe- Science Departments at RUSM is teaching and curriculum rience as a research technician employing procedures relat- development. The successful candidate must be receptive to ed to either human, animal, tissue and/or molecular research identifying and implementing innovations in medical educa- is desired. Benefits include student loan repayment of up to tion that challenge and empower students to achieve their $55,000, housing, medical care, graduate educational oppor- full professional and personal potential as physicians. tunities, as well as excellent research experiences in a vari- RUSMs Basic Science campus is located in the country of ety of scientific disciplines, including environmental and Dominica, a Caribbean island, one of the most natural and exercise physiology, nutrition and metabolism, pathophysi- unspoiled environments in this part of the world. The cam- ology, genomics, and molecular biology. The open positions pus is equipped with state-of-the-art audiovisual and com- are located in the Military Performance Division, Military puter enhanced teaching tools. Compensation is commensu- Nutrition Division, and Thermal and Mountain Medicine rate with US medical schools. To apply, send curriculum Division. Candidates can obtain further information by send- vitae to: David P. Willis, Director of Faculty Recruitment, ing a letter of interest and resume or CV to: Dr. Kent B. Ross University School of Medicine, 460 West 34th St., Pandolf, Senior Scientist, US Army Research Institute of New York, NY 10001. Tel.: 212-279-5500, ext. 648; email: Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA 01760-5007. Tel: [email protected]; Internet: http://www.rossmed.edu. 508-233-4832; Email: [email protected].

Vol. 44, No. 4, 2001 201 Positions Available

Postdoctoral Position: Dimera LLC, a woman-owned Instructor/Assistant Professor: The Pediatric Heart Lung biotech company offering exciting discoveries, plus drugs in Center and the Department of Pediatrics at the University of development and testing, has open postdoctoral positions. Colorado Health Sciences Center are seeking to hire one or Primate coronary artery drug development is the theme. two PhD scientists with strong interests and experience in Training includes digital live cell microscopy, with calcium studies of vascular biology, lung development, or related and protein kinase C dynamic quantification and Doppler- fields. The Pediatric Heart Lung Center is a multidiscipli- enhanced cardiac catheterization. Salaries are above NIH nary group of investigators whose primary research focus guidelines, enhanced by a success bonus system to acknowl- has been in the developing lung circulation, nitric oxide, edge outstanding contributions. Our small company rewards endothelial cell biology, and related areas. Candidates hard-working scientists who have the determination to should have expertise in such areas as cell biology, molecu- achieve excellence. If you are motivated by progress on life- lar and biochemical techniques, cell culture systems, and saving new drugs, excellent training, opportunity, satisfac- others. Candidates must be US citizens. Pay and fringe ben- tion of accomplishment, and the enviable location, Dimera efits will be commensurate with the level of experience for is an attractive option. Annual stipends range from $30,000 either Instructor or Assistant Professor. For inquires, con- to $44,412, depending on previous experience. Please tact: Steven H. Abman, MD, Professor, Department of address inquires and resumes to: Dimera LLC, Human Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital, B395, 1056 E. Resources Manager, 2525 NW Lovejoy, #311, Portland, OR Nineteenth Avenue, Denver, CO 80218-1088. Tel: 303-864- 97210. Fax: 503-295-5757; email: [email protected]. 5821; fax: 303-837-2924. [EOE/AA]

Postdoctoral Position: The Department of Physiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, has a posi- tion immediately available to study calcium sparks and ion Postdoctoral Positions: Applications are requested for two channels in arterial smooth muscle cells; regulation and postdoctoral positions in an unique NIH-funded multidisci- physiological function (for review see Am. J. Physiol.-Cell plinary program involving hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Physiol. 278: C235-C256, 2000). A doctorate in physiology Postdoctoral training is offered in laboratories using molec- or a related field is required. Experience with patch clamp, ular, genetic, cellular, and physiological approaches to study confocal microscopy, or calcium fluorescence is beneficial. the effects of hyperbaric oxygen on angiogenesis, tumor cell Please send a curriculum vitae and letters of reference to: growth, cell-to-cell adhesion, and free radical Jonathan H. Jaggar PhD or Charles W. Leffler, PhD, production/pathogenesis. An opportunity for investigating Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health the clinical effects of hyperbaric oxygen on angiogenesis Science Center, 894 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, and quantitative analysis of tissue oxygenation is also avail- USA. The University of Tennessee is an EEO/AA/Title able. Individuals with clinical experience who are interested VI/Title IX/Section 504/ADA/ADEA employer. in obtaining research training will receive special considera- tion. Laboratories available are: 1) Tumor Biology and Angiogenesis: Effects of hyperbaric oxygen on angiogenesis Postdoctoral Position. A postdoctoral position is immedi- and hypoxia in post-radiation normal tissue and tumors; 2) ately available to study the regulation and expression of Clinical Studies With Laryngectomy Patients: Clinical out- voltage-gated potassium channels in native arterial smooth comes modeling for laryngectomy surgery patients and effi- muscle cells as well as heterologously expressed in mam- cacy of hyperbaric oxygen therapy; 3) Cell Biology and malian cells and Xenopus oocytes. Current studies focus on Lung Injury: Effect of normo-and hyperbaric hyperoxia on the mechanisms by which these channels are modulated by the fate of tumor cells and leukocytes in the pulmonary cir- calcium (Am. J. Physiol. 277: C51, 1999) and utilize a com- culation; 4) Oxidant Injury: oxygen-dependent elevation of bination of electrophysiology, molecular biology, protein nitric oxide production in vivo. Appointment as a postdoc- analysis, and cell culture methods. Applicants with experi- toral fellow/researcher requires an advanced degree, PhD, ence in patch-clamp techniques will be given preference, MD, or equivalent. More information is available on the but experience in any of these areas will be considered. Internet at http://www.med.upenn.edu/ifem. Please send cur- Interested applicants should send their curriculum vitae to riculum vitae and names of three references to: Wendy Robert H. Cox, PhD, Senior Investigator, Lankenau Institute Kelly, Institute for Environmental Medicine, University of for Medical Research, Jefferson Health System, 100 Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 3620 Hamilton Walk, 1 Lancaster Avenue, Wynnewood, PA 19096. Email: John Morgan Building, Philadelphia, PA 19104. [email protected]. [EOE]

202 The Physiologist Positions Available

Postdoctoral Fellow in Biology (#F01-180): San Diego Postdoctoral Associate (C 961): The Department of State University (SDSU) Foundation has a position to be Kinesiology has a full-time postdoctoral Associate position filled for a Postdoctoral Fellow with a PhD in biochemistry, available. Salary: $2,000-2,500/month full-time. Appointment is through 7/31/02 and is renewable. Duties of physiology, biology, engineering, biophysics, or molecular the position include working under general supervision to biology. The position involves carrying out experiments in conduct research in skeletal muscle physiology, biochem- a laboratory that is using an integrative approach to study the istry, and molecular biology; coordinate and supervise function of the molecular motor myosin in transgenic fruit research projects; develop and implement analytical proce- flies (Drosophila melanogaster), using isolated muscle dures in the laboratory, in vivo and in vitro analysis of skele- preparations and via biochemical and biophysical tech- tal muscle metabolism; and assist in training niques. The work involves collaborations with laboratories graduate/undergraduate research assistants. The opportunity in Burlington, Vermont and Seattle, Washington, and the exists to teach an undergraduate course in exercise physiol- Postdoctoral Fellow may travel to one or more of these sites ogy if desired. Other duties will be performed as assigned. for extended periods. The Fellow will work closely with a Qualifications for this position include a PhD in physiolo- technician and two to four graduate students in San Diego gy/exercise physiology, biochemistry/molecular biology, or and with the collaborators in VT or WA. The Fellow will be a related basic science degree. Research knowledge and experience in performing biochemical and molecular labo- under the direct daily supervision of the Principal ratory biology procedures are required. A strong research Investigator or the Off-site Collaborator. Our laboratory interest in skeletal muscle physiology, carbohydrate/lipid currently possesses strong capabilities in molecular biology, metabolism, biochemistry, and gene expression is neces- genetics, ATPase and in vitro motility assays, and electron sary. The ability and specialized skills to establish and main- microscopy. Through collaborations we are involved in tain effective working relationships with others is also optical trapping assays, measurements of muscle fiber func- required. The position is open until filled; review of appli- tion, and transient kinetic studies. We are offering the suc- cations begins June 19, 2001. Submit our application to cessful applicant the possibility of learning new skills and California State University, Northridge, Office of Human providing expertise to facilitate the collaborations described Resource Services, 18111 Nordhoff Street, Northridge, CA above. A PhD in biochemistry, physiology, biophysics, 91330-8229. Fax: 818-677-7863; for details, see engineering, biology or molecular biology is required. http://www-hrs.csun.edu/employment. [EOE] Experience in biochemical kinetic measurements and/or muscle protein biochemistry and/or single molecule optical trapping assays and/or muscle mechanical measurements is Research Scientist: A skilled and experienced postdoctoral also required. A working knowledge of genetics and molec- scientist is needed for a Research Scientist position in the ular biology would be helpful; two to three years of research Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, in a laboratory studying experience is also desirable. ion channels. Expertise in molecular biological, cell biolog- The selection process may consist of completing an SDSU ical, electrophysiological, and biochemical approaches is Foundation application, an oral interview, and possibly a needed. These include cloning ion channels, plating and performance exercise to evaluate the applicant’s skills, train- screening libraries, colony purification, sequencing, sub- ing, experience, and personal qualifications for this position. cloning, Northern and Southern blot analysis, restriction The salary range for the position is $1,823-3,996 per month. mapping, mRNA preparation, cRNA preparation, PCR, site- Please submit an SDSU Foundation Employment directed mutagenesis, oocyte expression of cloned channels, Application, specifying the Job Announcement number stable transfection of HEK293 and CHO cells with various #F01-180. A letter of intent describing qualifications, areas wild-type and mutant ion channels, in situ hybridization, in of interest, date of availability and 3 references commenting situ RT-PCR, Western blots, membrane preparation and on applicant’s scientific abilities is required. Applications purification, and fluorescent immunomicroscopy using a may be picked up at and should be sent to SDSU confocal microscope. Expertise in electrophysiological approaches using planar lipid bilayers, patch clamp, and Foundation, Human Resources Services, 5250 Campanile short-circuit current techniques is essential for assessing Dr., Gateway Building, 4th Floor, San Diego, CA 92182- function of the channels. Four to five years of postdoctoral 1945. Fax: 619-594-3763. Application materials will be sent experience is required. The ability to analyze data and pre- upon receipt of a self-addressed stamped envelope. This pare manuscripts for publication is essential. Email replies position will remain open until filled. [EOE] to [email protected]. Closing date 7/01/01.

Vol. 44, No. 4, 2001 203 Positions Available

Tenure-Track Position In Integrated Physiology: The patible with departmental interests, including cellular and Department of Physiology and Neuroscience at the Medical systems neuroscience and cardiovascular physiology. University of South Carolina invites applications for a 12- Review of applications will begin October 1, 2001 and con- month tenure track appointment. Rank will be commensu- tinue until the position is filled. Applicants should submit a rate with experience. Applicants must have a PhD, MD, or curriculum vitae, a statement of teaching philosophy with both with significant activity in biomedical research and in copies of teaching evaluations and selected course materials, the teaching of systems-level physiology to professional and a statement of research interests and goals and the names of graduate students. Preference will be given to applicants three letters of reference to: Christopher Fredericks, PhD, who can demonstrate a record of excellence in teaching, as Department of Physiology/Neuroscience, Medical Univer- well as in curriculum leadership and innovation. An individ- sity of South Carolina, PO Box 250510, Charleston, SC ual holding this position will be expected to spend approxi- 29425. Email: [email protected]; Internet: http://www2. mately one-third of their effort in laboratory research com- musc.edu/pgy/pgy.html. [EOE/AA] People & Places

Mohamed Hassan Ahmed has moved to Department of Medicine, University of ly with the Cell and System Section, the Department of Physiology and Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI. NIH/NINDS, Bethesda, MD. Pharmacology, Birmingham University Medical School, Birmingham, UK. Accepting a position with the Department Accepting a position with the Department Previously, Ahmed was with the of Pulmonary Medicine, Johns Hopkins of Physiology, Medical College of Department of Physiology, Pharmacol- University, Baltimore, MD, Matthew J. Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, Melinda R. ogy, and Toxicology, Manchester Campen has moved from the Department Dwinell has moved from the Department University School of Biological Sciences, of Environmental Science Engineering, of Medicine, University of California, San Manchester, UK. University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Diego, La Jolla, CA. NC. Matthew D. Beekley has moved to the William Lee Eschenbacher is currently Department of Zentrum Physiologie, at Joining the Department of Pulmonary and Acting Branch Chief, National Institute the Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Pediatrics, Arkansas Children’s Hospital, for Occupational Safety and Health, Germany. Prior to his recent move, Little Rock, AR, John L. Carroll has Division of Surveillance Hazardous Beekley was affiliated with the moved from the Department of Pediatrics, Evaluation and Field Studies, Cincinnati, Department of Kinesiology, Indiana Johns Hopkins Children’s Center, OH. Prior to his current position, University, Bloomingham, IN. Baltimore, MD. Eschenbacher was with the Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, Accepting the position of Chief of the Recently, Ravi S. Chari moved to the Morgantown, WV. Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatol- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt ogy and Nutrition, University of Florida, University Medical Center, Nashville, Affiliating with the Department of Gainesville, FL, Richard Vincent Benya TN. Prior to his new appointment, Chari Physiology, Loyola University of has moved from the Department of was with the Department of Surgery, Chicago, Maywood, IL, Jinping Fan has Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, University of Massachusetts Medical moved from the Department of Medicine, IL. School, Worcester, MA. Cook County Hospital, Chicago, IL.

Robert W. Brock has joined the Lawson Sidney Cohen, Professor and Chairman, Michael F. Flessner has accepted a posi- Health Research Institute, Vascular has joined the Department of Medicine, tion with the Department of Medicine, Biology Program, London, Ontario, Temple University School of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Canada. Previously, Brock was with the Philadelphia, PA. Prior to his new Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS. Department of Surgery, University of appointment, Cohen was with the Flessner had previously been with the Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Division of Gastroenterology, Jefferson Deparment of Medicine and Nephrology Canada. Medical College, Philadelphia, PA. Unit, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY. Charles Francis Burant was formerly Christopher Anthony Del Negro has with the Department of Cell Biology, accepted a position with the Department Timothy J. Fort was formerly with the Parke-Davis Pharmaceuticals, Ann Arbor, of Neurobiology, University of California, Department of Biological Sciences, MI. Recently, Burant became Director, Los Angeles, CA. DelNegro was former- University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI.

204 The Physiologist People & Places

Fort recently moved to the Instituto De Accepting a position with the Department Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Neurobiologia, University of Puerto Rico, of Veterinary Medicine and Epidemiolo- Ontario, Canada. Murrant was previously San Juan, PR. gy, University of California, Davis School affiliated with the Department of of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, Pharmacology and Physiology, University Formerly with Parke Davis Pharmaceuti- Lynelle Rae Johnson has moved from of Rochester, Rochester, NY. cal Research, Division of Warner-Lambert the Department of Veterinary Biomedical Company, Ann Arbor, MI, Kim P. Science, University of Missouri, Affiliating with the Department of Gallagher has recently joined Pfizer Columbia, MO. Physiology, American University of the Global Research & Development, Ann Caribbean School of Medicine, Miami, Arbor, MI. Michael G. Jonz has moved to the FL, Polly Kristine Phillips has moved Department of Biology, McMaster from the Department of Biology, Health, Recently, Theodore Garland, Jr., has University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. and Wellness, Miami Dade Community joined the Department of Biology, Previously, Jonz was with the Department College, Miami, FL. University of California, Riverside, CA. of Biology, Brock University, St. Prior to his new position, Garland was Catharines, Ontario, Canada. Affiliating with the Institute for Human with the Department of Zoology, Gene Therapy, University of Pennsyl- University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI. Moving from the, Department of Medical vania, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, Engineering, Kawasaki Medical School, William W. Reenstra has moved from John Robert Gosche has accepted a posi- Okayama, Japan, Fumihiko Kajiya has the Department of Pediatrics, Thomas tion with the Department of Surgery, joined the Department of Cardiovascular Jefferson University, Alfred I Dupont University of Mississippi Medical Center, Physiology, Okayama University Grad- Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE. Jackson, MS. Prior to his new appoint- uate School of Medicine and Dentistry, ment, Gosche was with the Department of Okayama, Japan. Marlowe J. Schneidkraut has joined the Surgery and Pediatrics, Yale University NeoRx Corporation, Seattle, WA. Prior to School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. Ali A. Khraibi has joined the Department his new position, Schneidkraut was with of Physiology, Eastern Virginia Medical CTL Immunotherapies, Chatsworth, CA. Danielle Greenberg has affiliated with School Norfolk, VA. Prior to his new the Pepsi Cola Company as Manager appointment, Khraibi was with the Accepting a position with the Department Nutrition and Scientific Affairs, Department of OB/GYN, University of of Biological Science, Columbia Department of Scientific Regulatory Illinois, Chicago, IL. University, New York, Michael P. Sheetz Affairs, Valhalla, NY. Prior to her new has moved from the Department of Cell position, Greenberg was with AMBI Inc., Wolfgang M. Kuebler was formerly Biology, Duke University Medical Department of Product Development, associated with the Institute for Surgical Center, Durham, NC. Purchase, NY. Research, University of Munich, Munich, Germany. Recently, Kuebler joined the Toshishige Shibamoto has affiliated with Raymond Donald Hagan has moved Institute of Physiology, Free University of the Department of Physiology, Kanazawa from the Department of Human Berlin, Berlin, Germany. Medical University, Uchinada, Japan. Performance, Naval Health Research Shibamoto was previously with the Center, San Diego, CA to the Department Accepting a position with the Department Physiology Division, Shinshu University of Life Sciences, NASA/Johnson Space of Anesthesiology, Pennsylvania State School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan. Center, Houston, Texas. University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, DePei Li has moved from the Affiliating with the Illinois Bone and Accepting a position with the Military & Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Joint Institute, Chicago, IL, John L. Emergency Medicine Department, Forest University School of Medicine, Skosey, former Director of Medical Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Winston-Salem, NC. Affairs, has moved from the Department MD, Thomas C. Herzig has moved from Medical Staff Office, MacNeal Hospital, the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Affiliating with the Department of Berwyn, IL. Institute, Bethesda, MD. Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, Joining the Department of Medical Richard Aaron Hodin has joined the Djikolngar Maouyo has moved from the Physiology and Cardiovascular Research Department of Surgery, Massachusetts Johns Hopkins University School of Institute, University of Kansas Medical General Hospital, Boston, MA. Hodin has Medicine, Baltimore, MD. Center, Temple, TX, Jena J. Steinle has moved from the Department of Surgery, left the Department of Molecular and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Coral Lyn Murrant recently joined the Integrative Physiology, University of Boston, MA. Department of Biology and Nutritional Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS.

Vol. 44, No. 4, 2001 205 People & Places

Moving from the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tohoku University, Francisco, CA, Robert Woodward has Pathology, Yale University School of Institute of Development, Aging and moved from the Gladstone Institute of Medicine, New Haven, CT, Stanislav L. Cancer, Sendai, Japan. Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA. Svetlov has joined the Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Donald E. Watenpaugh has joined the Chung-Ho Yeum has affiliated with the Medicine, University of Florida, Naval Submarine, Medical Research Lab, Department of Internal Medicine, Gainesville, FL. Groton, CT. Previously, Watenpaugh was Division of Nephrology, Seonam with the Department of Integrative University College of Medicine, Seoku Douglas H. Sweet has joined the Physiology, University of Texas Health Gwangju, Korea. Formerly, Yeum was Department of Medicine, University of Science Center, Fort Worth, TX. with the Department of Internal Medicine, California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA. Chonnam National University Hospital, Previously, Sweet was with the Accepting a position with the Department Kwangju, South Korea. Laboratory of Pharmacology, and of Pharmacology & Biophysics, Chemistry, National Institute of University of Calgary, Canada, Donald Robert P. Yezierski has accepted a posi- Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Gordon Welsh has moved from the tion with the Department of Orthodontic Research Triangle Park, NC. Department of Pharmacology, University Neurosurgery, University of Florida, of Vermont Faculty of Medicine, Gainesville, FL. Previously, Yezierski had Accepting a position with the Department Burlington, VT. been with the Department of of Thoracic Surgery, Iwate Medical Neurosurgery, University of Miami University, Morioka, Japan, Tatsuo Affiliating with the Department of School of Medicine, Miami, FL. ❖ Tanita has moved from the Department of Discovery, BioCardia, South San

ntion ! Atte rchers Resea APS to work in your lab in the summer of 2002! Frontiers Summer Research sciencescience teacherteacher Teachers are middle and high Host a school science teachers from The APS Summer Research Programs across the nation who work in for Teachers allow science educators the labs of APS researchers in nationwide at middle schools, high their own communities. schools, Native American reservation schools, tribal colleges, and community colleges, to learn about science “in action.” Explorations Summer Research Teachers are mid- Become a part of APS’ efforts to increase dle/high school science teachers teachers’ and students’ knowledge about serving Native American stu- what scientists do, how the research dents in Montana, and science process works, and the intrinsic satisfac- faculty at Montana tribal colleges tion and sense of excitement that comes who work in the labs of APS from conducting scientific research. researchers outside the state of Montana.

For more information, contact the APS Education Office: (301) 530-7132 or [email protected] OR see program descriptions and applications on the website: http://www.the-aps.org/education/edu_k12.htm#2 206 The Physiologist News From Senior Physiologists

Letters to Eugene Renkin the University. The official ceremony Peter B. Bennett writes: “Thank you will be in the fall of 2001. for your letter as I approach my seventi- “Again, Professor Yuri Natochin, eth birthday. It comes as a real surprise MD, DSc, Chairman Physiology to me, as I am not doing anything dif- Division, Russian Academy of ferent to what I was doing over 20 years Sciences, Dean Medical Faculty at St. ago, and do not feel any different! I Petersburg State University, Russia, have not retired, as yet, and am contin- during a visit to Duke University uing all my activities and travels to the Medical Center, May 2001, presented me with a citation for my 70th birthday full and with my usual vigor. “Today it has over 260,000 members from Professor Osipov, President “I have been at Duke Medical Center and is growing at 20% a year. The sta- Russian Academy of Sciences, for near- since 1972 as a tenured professor after bility of the association has enabled it to ly 50 years of distinguished research in 20 years of physiological research into provide considerable funds toward diving physiology and medicine, diving with the Royal Navy in England. study of decompression sickness, flying together with the Pavlov Medal of the “I continued my research at the after diving, epidemiology of accidents, Russian Physiological Society, Russian Hyperbaric Center at Duke and was diabetics and diving, oxygen toxicity Academy of Sciences. I was elected a able to continue in the USA my cellular, studies, etc. It has also developed very Foreign Member in 1994. animal and human studies on the effects successful education programs such as “This recognition of persona1 of pressure per se. This causes what I continuing medical education for physi- achievement by one’s peers is certainly called the ‘High Pressure Nervous cians, training in provision of 100% very much appreciated. But perhaps the Syndrome’ with dizziness, nausea, oxygen for accidents to diving and other greatest pleasure is to still be involved vomiting, tremors, EEG changes and aquatic environments, dangerous ma- with diving physiology in so many eventually convulsions due to a general- rine animals, etc. DAN now has its own ways through the Duke Hyperbaric ized hyperexcitability. I was able to 27,000 square foot building and a staff Center and the Divers Alert Network. determine this was the opposite of the of nearly 90. When I do step down as President of the anesthetic effects of nitrogen or inert “As a result of the significant success latter, I hope to continue to write, teach, gas narcosis. So by adding some five of DAN and as Founder and President do research, and be available as a con- percent nitrogen to helium and oxygen, of the Divers Alert Network, I was sultant so long as I remain fit and I was able to take human divers to selected as a finalist for the North/South healthy. record depths of 2250 feet in simulated Carolina 2001 Ernst & Young “The physiology and medicine of div- dives in a pressure chamber and arrive Entrepreneur of the Year Award from ing has been my passion in life and has fit and able to work. several hundred nominees. An award in enabled me to travel the world and “In recent years my interests changed each category will be made against two make long lasting friendships with col- to the shallower depths of scuba divers. other finalists at a black tie banquet in leagues in many countries. “In 1980, while Director of the Charlotte, NC on June 21, 2001. The “It is a fascinating and unique field, Hyperbaric Center at Duke, I founded winners from the ten categories will be not in the general run of physiology but, the Divers Alert NetWork (DAN) with included for the National Entrepreneur in fact, a very useful tool in helping us two-year grants from NOAA and of the Year from the other 47 programs understand many physiological mecha- NIOSH to form an emergency hot line around the United States to be held in nisms. So I am not at all keen to give up for divers contracting decompression Palm Springs in the autumn. As an aca- my passion for the rocking chair or golf sickness in the USA and to help gener- demic, I was somewhat surprised by the course! The intellectual rewards of ate research support for the Hyperbaric crossover to the business world—even challenging physiological questions Center. By 1990, it had grown too big to if non-profit, but it has been a stimulat- requiring basic and applied research remain at Duke so it was incorporated ing change. as a 50lC3 non-profit with the mission answers are the staff of life for me. “More applicable to my academic “So my advice to older colleagues is to provide medical information and pursuits, I have been nominated Dr. to do the same—follow your passion advice to the diving public, emergency Honoris Causa of the Universite de la and it will keep you young! medical advice and assistance, and to Mediterranee by Laboratory of Physio- “For the younger physiologist, I promote diving safety and research. In pathologie et Action Therapeutique des would advise to be careful not to spread 1990 DAN also became international in Gaz Sous Pression in Marseille and oneself too thin, but to focus on a spe- five continents. selected by the scientific committee of cific research field, choose the problem

Vol. 44, No. 4, 2001 207 News From Senior Physiologists and the hypothesis, and the stick to it, Manitoba 1990. My path from surgery July issue of the AJP-Cell Physiology. be persistent. A research career is built a to physiology and medical research, to Thanks to Dr. Pansu I was awarded an block at a time and requires tenacity and pharmacology and therapeutics and honorary doctorate at the Sorbonne in endurance to deal with negative results, medicine/nephrology sounds more 1996. which feel like a stone wall, but may, in complicated than it really was. One way “I have edited books, am in the fact, direct you to startling research or another some 10 of the students who process of editing two books this year, findings. spent at least a year with me now hold one entitled Nutritional Aspects and “In closing, again, in answer to Gene academic positions in Canadian and US Clinical Management of Chronic Renkin’s request to let you know what I medical schools. After retirement, I did Disorders and Diseases, to be published am doing, it would not be correct, I ‘people to people’ visits in Russia, by CRC Press, the other, volume 1 of a think, at this to me still remarkable age, China and South Africa and was a visit- series entitled Topics in Bone Biology, not to give my appreciation to Duke ing professor briefly in Taiwan and San of which Dr. Mary C. Farach-Carson is Medical Center for all the opportunities Antonio. co-editor, is Bone Formation. I attend it has provided me. I hope I can write “Biggest challenge: Diabetes professional meetings, have organized again when I am 80 and to mentors like Mellitus with complicating hyperten- some symposia and generally have been Merel Hannel and Dan Tosteson and so sion and renal failure. A major problem fortunate to be able to continue some many others who molded the direction in the aboriginal populations world professional activity throughout the of my career.” wide now. Involves Caucasians and period of my retirement. other ethnic groups. Is it just our high “Some 24 years ago I began to paint Francis Craig writes: “I always enjoy fat diet and inactivity with a little genet- and have developed this into virtually a the letters from Senior Physiologists ics thrown in?” second career. I have exhibited, won and admire the ones who keep up with some prizes, have even sold some paint- the field. At Edgewood they reorgan- Letter to Karlman Wasserman ings, and continue to do painting and ized the laboratories every few years Felix Bronner writes: “I was touched collages in my new studio, built some and after the last one I was unable to and pleased to have received your letter, three years ago as an addition to our adjust to the new priorities and retired congratulating me on my forthcoming house. If any friends or colleagues are in 1978 to enjoy the generosity of the 80th birthday and inquiring about my interested in seeing my work, I'd gladly tax payers in my Civil Service Annuity- life and activities. I have known about send them a brochure that features some much nicer than a pension, don't you the senior physiologists, the activities of of my paintings. I am even considering think? Having been brought up in a some of them, and had in fact meant to getting a web site. strict school of Publish or Perish, I was write about my activities. But there is an “My wife and I are blessed with two casting about for something to do when understandable reluctance to blow one's children and four grandsons. Our I ran across a book called Ancestral own horn, a reluctance that your letter daughter, who is an attorney, married to Roots of Sixty Colonists and recog- has helped me to overcome. an attorney, lives in Los Angeles. Our nized a few of my ancestors. This “I retired in 1989, but as emeritus son, education editor at The New York opened a new field of research and professor was given an office and have Times, is married to a clinical psychol- thanks to the kindness of the editors, I as a result been able to continue schol- ogist and lives in Pelham, NY. Each was able to add a few more publications arly activities. I had no laboratory, but family has two boys. to my bibliography.” was able to continue a long-time collab- “Both of my PhD students have gone oration with my friend and colleague, into academics and some of my post- Ashley Thomson writes: “My official Danielle Pansu of Lyon, France, until doctoral fellows have also remained in retirement from my last appointment, she retired. We published papers togeth- research. Undergraduate medical and which was Medicine/Nephrology, was er. In fact, what is probably my last dental students have in general become in 1989: Prof Emeritus, Medicine, experimental paper has appeared in the active professionals.” ❖

Have You Visited the APS Web Site Lately? Have you visited the APS web site lately? If not, you information, as well as physiology position listings. probably should! It changes almost daily with a vari- Have you been to the Members only section? Why ety of announcements, important award and deadline not check it out at http://www.the-aps.org.

Vol. 44, No. 4, 2001 208 Book Review

The Hot Brain. genic, and comparative aspects of ther- Newer, emerging research topics are moregulation. These chapters are the also considered, e.g., the role of heat Survival, Temperature, most speculative in the book because shock proteins in thermotolerance and and the Human Body the supporting data are sparse. Yet, by acclimatization, molecular and cellular Carl V. Gisolfi and Francisco Mora the same token, they are also the most mechanisms of thermal adaptation, the Cambridge, MA: MIT, 2000, 272 pp., provocative and interesting, because the possible involvement of cytokines in the illus., index, $45.00. reader is often moved to ponder pathogenesis of heat stroke, the physio- ISBN 0-262-07198-3 whether the “facts” presented would logical problems associated with exer- lead one to the same assertions as the cise in the heat, and other subjects. The This interesting book argues that the authors’ and whether there may exist last chapter recapitulates the principal brain and homeothermy evolved togeth- other “facts” that would further support arguments of the authors’ thesis, inte- er in a continuum over geologic time in or, on the contrary, refute their view- grates them with other hypotheses on response to selective environmental, points. Chapter 3 continues with the the evolutionary continuum of brain- particularly thermal, pressures. Thus, phylogenic development of thermoreg- thermoregulation, and finally summa- according to this view, this development ulation but with the focus on the evolv- rizes the authors’ own integrative per- initially involved only behavioral ther- ing brain. Better established data and spective. moregulatory adjustments (ecto- well-documented comparative models The book is fairly easy to read, but thermy), then later was gradually aug- are used to bolster the authors’ case. some knowledge of the vocabulary and mented by autonomic, i.e., thermogenic The following six chapters describe the basic concepts of zoology and phys- (tachymetabolic), mechanisms, thereby broadly accepted findings to further iology is helpful. It is, however, not eventually culminating, in birds and support the authors’ thesis. Examples of directed to specialists but rather to par- mammals, in endothermy. These events thermoregulatory mechanisms under aphrase the authors’ statements in their were accompanied by the organization various conditions are used; their sub- Preface, to both scientists and nonscien- of increasingly complex sensorymotor stance is not controversial, but their tists, including students, interested in circuits and integrative processes in the coverage is necessarily brief. There are learning how animals evolved, adapting brain such that, ultimately, the body’s a few instances when a mental rejoinder over the eons to survive the stressful functions came to depend, for optimal is elicited about one particular interpre- conditions of their physical environ- performance, on a thermally stable, tation or conclusion, but these are not ment. The text is abundantly illustrated warm core, managed by a “hot” brain. consequential. There are also a very with figures and tables from the original To quote the authors (Chap. 10), “the few, very minor errors of fact, but unim- literature modified only to make their brain is the body” and thermoregulation portant in the overall context of the format relatively uniform throughout serves to keep it “hot.” This concept is book. Only one very familiar with the the book. Thus, they are like figures in not entirely new, but it is presented in material might detect them, and in any a paper, helpful and necessary, but a bit this book in a more coherent and thor- case they do not detract from the dull—i.e., the art is not very catchy. ough argument than heretofore. authors’ premise. Among the topics in The bibliography is ample without Thus, this book is neither a textbook these latter six chapters, various, still being exhaustive, and there is a good nor a review, but a thesis based on data perplexing issues are discussed, e.g., index to both terms and authors cited in from multiple sources, assembled to why is the body temperature of mam- the text. The perspective of the book is validate the authors’ proposition. It is mals regulated at circa 37°C instead of mechanistic, not anecdotal, and well organized in a logically sequenced at any other level, were the dinosaurs grounded in data. It makes for a very series of 10, essentially self-contained “warm-blooded,” does the “hot” brain nice, leisure-time read. But portions of chapters, each addressing a particular of humans protect itself against over- it can readily be extracted as bases for aspect of the authors’ argument. The heating, does sleep serve to “cool” the graduate courses or for other didactic first two chapters present the case from brain, why is a febrile rise in body tem- purposes. ❖ the perspective of the evolutionary ori- perature a defensive mechanism where- Clark M. Blatteis gin of species, the phylogenic, onto- as a hyperthermic rise is deleterious. University of Tennessee

Moving? If you have moved or changed your phone, fax, or Your membership information can also be changed email address, please notify the APS Membership by visiting the Members Only portion of the APS Office at 301-530-7171 or fax to 301-571-8313. website at http://www.the-aps.org.

Vol. 44, No. 4, 2001 209 Book Review

Animal Experimentation: researcher should be more attuned to as the Silver Spring monkeys, the pres- the anti-vivisectionist arguments than is entation turns very one-sided by noting A Guide to the Issues perhaps comfortable. The aforemen- that findings in these instances revealed Vaughan Monamy tioned quotes take on new meaning evidence of mistreatment and lack of New York: Cambridge Univ., 2000, 110 when considered from the perspective regard for the animals’ welfare. This is pp., index, $15.95. intended by Monamy. portrayed as somewhat of a springboard ISBN: 0-521-66786-0 Chapter 1 of his guide describes the for the recent rise in animal welfare dilemma at hand, illustrating the contin- awareness and interest by moral On page 1, Monamy states that “At uum between viewpoints that A) no philosophers such as Peter Singer, but it some stage, all [life science] students animal experimentation will ever be is unfair to equate what certain individ- will have to make a personal decision considered essential, and B) that scien- uals perceive as being mistreatment about the extent to which they are pre- tific research should proceed unhin- based on selective media coverage with pared to use research animals,” and then dered by what may be interpreted as what the true story may be when all argues that “...decisions as serious as ignorant or sentimental. In describing details of an incident are analyzed this ought to be taken only after the different viewpoints, Monamy also objectively. Nonetheless, this section is informed discussion about major issues states that the opposition to animal educational and certainly gives the in animal experimentation.” After read- research no longer follows the form “all reader an appreciation for why the anti- ing his book, I must agree and further- experiments must cease,” but, rather, vivisectionist movement began. more believe that this is a “must-read” focuses on issues such as what consti- Chapter 4 is the centerpiece of the for any student or scientist involved in tutes an essential experiment and what book in my opinion. It is here that animal experimentation at any level. conduct is appropriate when conducting Monamy lays out the range of moral I am a cardiovascular physiologist animal studies. I disagree with this arguments that most would consider who has always worked with either rat point as a generalization, because many pro-animal rights or anti-vivisectionist. or dog experimental models, both acute groups clearly want to eliminate all ani- He provides counter-arguments as well, and chronic, and have a heightened mal experimentation. However, he also and my only criticism is that his presen- awareness of, and perhaps sensitivity discusses why, wherever one falls along tation of the “debates” between the to, the forces aligned against animal the continuum, one cannot ignore the moral philosophers and their critics research. Thus, I must admit that I medical advances that have resulted usually gives the last word to the for- began this review with red pen in hand, from animal studies, and he also indi- mer. However, Monamy truly appears suspecting it to be animal rights propa- cates it is unfair and incorrect to state to be working diligently in this chapter ganda couched as a balanced discussion that western scientists engaged in ani- to weave these various philosophies of animal experimentation. In fact, my mal research are not aware of their into a workable solution, a common first note in the margin was that the responsibilities nor respectful of their ethic which all parties can agree upon introductory quotes by Henry Beston experimental subjects. The tone is set that condones justifiable animal and Miriam Rothschild “set a tone for that the book is intended to provide the research. He appears ultimately to take anti-animal use.” However, I soon reader with information that spans the issue with inconsistencies inherent in developed an objective understanding continuum so that he or she will be “in the writings of Singer, and others such of Monamy’s presentation and agree- a better position to consider their as Tom Regan, and become frustrated ment with his goals. On the other hand, responses to the complexities inherent by arguments about where in the phylo- I also found myself going back and in any discussion of animal experimen- genetic tree one makes the “cutoff” for forth between these sentiments for tation. what animals, or what life, deserves some time, believing at the beginning of The next two chapters provide an special consideration. I believe he then each seemingly anti-research passage informative history of vivisection, as he presents the position of Albert that I had caught him revealing his true describes how the opposition to animal Schweitzer, “reverence for life,” as a intentions....only to be dissuaded by my research developed and became organ- more workable ethic. He rebuts criti- continued reading. My advice to read- ized. I think most of this section pro- cisms that this is too simplistic and ers of this book, therefore, is to keep vides the reader with a good sense for illustrates how this ethic can be used to reading. Although some parts of the how both proponents and opponents guide animal researchers and satisfy the book may lean more towards the anti- wrestled with the issue of vivisection in wishes of society. vivisectionist viewpoint, the overall the early days of animal use in science. Reverence, which may be more accu- presentation stays true to his goal, and I However, near the end of Chapter 3, in rately translated to respect, for life, does am left believing that each animal describing several recent incidents such not make causing the death of an animal

210 The Physiologist Book Review wrong unless the causing of pain or indeed.” In addition, a quote from an Although most scientists do not con- death can be avoided. Monamy states Australian Senate animal welfare com- template the moral philosophy of their that “Anyone guided by ‘reverence for mittee states that “...human beings bear work on a regular basis, it is certain that life’ will only cause death or suffering the burden of...respecting and protect- they are very much aware of their moral of any animal in cases of inescapable ing the interests and welfare of those responsibilities and take great effort to necessity. Chapters 5 and 6 go on to creatures which are alive and do have treat their animal subjects with the describe how animals are used in minimal levels of sentience...” appropriate respect. Reading this book, research, how animal use is regulated Thus, it is easy to believe what however, should prompt one to reflect by western governments, and how alter- Monamy said was suggested by David on their work for a few moments, which natives to animal use should be pursued, Porter: that “... all scientists adopting is good I think, and I was surprised that but it is these closing pages in Chapter 4 the ‘Schweitzerian’ model may become it had that effect on me. For a student or that I believe is meant to give the read- ‘...anti-vivisectionists at heart’.” postdoctoral fellow just beginning to er a guiding ethic and an understanding Adopting such an ethical stance would work with animals this should prove of what their obligation is, to society create tension between one’s work and even more valuable. Finally, when the and to their animal subjects. He indi- one’s values, and surely decrease the APS supports such critical self-evalua- cates that animal investigators have to comfort level with which one approach- tion for animal researchers, the Society recognize their role as moral stewards, es daily activities in the laboratory. In moves a step beyond regulations and with animal experimentation viewed as my opinion, however, it is better to fall compliance issues by affirming that the an inescapable necessity which is justi- on that side of the balance than on the reason why scientists treat animals with fiable as long as the scientist is in tune side which may make one’s work so respect is not because they are forced to with their moral obligations. He quotes routine that consideration of animal do so. ❖ a 1991 work by Smith and Boyd, saying welfare is in danger of being over- Michael Brands that “such a justification, however, looked amongst the complexities of a University of Mississippi should be considered very carefully given experimental procedure. Medical Center

Books Received

Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology. Computational Neuroscience: Realistic Mitochondria in Pathogenesis. C. Hammond. 2nd Edition. Modeling for Experimentalists. John J. Lemasters and Anna-Liisa San Diego, CA: Academic, 2001, 493 Erik De Schutter (Editor). Nieminen (Editors). pp., illus., index, $115.00. Methods & New Frontiers in New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum, ISBN: 0-12-311625-2. Neuroscience. 2001, 529 pp., illus., index, $125.00. Boca Raton, FL: CRC, 2001, 348 pp., ISBN: 0-306-46433-0. Comparative Cellular and Molecular illus., index, $99.95. Biology of Ovary in Mammals: ISBN: 0-8493-2068-2. Vacation Stories: Five Science Fiction Fundamental and Applied Aspects. Tales. Sardul S. Guraya. The Infant’s World. Santiago Ramón y Cajal. Enfield, NH: Science Publisher, 2000, Philippe Rochat. Translated from the Spanish by Laura 327 pp., illus., index, $137.50. The Developing Child Series. Otis ISBN: 1-57808-127-0, Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press, Champaign, IL: Univ. of Illinois Press, 2001, 262 pp., illus., index, $29.95. 2001, 270 pp., $19.95. ISBN: 0-674-00322 ISBN: 0-252-02655-1.

APS Member Obituaries on Web The Society wishes to acknowledge ([email protected]) or by mail of birth and death, education and pro- deceased Society members with to Dr. Martin Frank, Executive fessional affiliations, and any other expanded obituaries on our Web site. Director, The American Physiological details in remembrance of the individ- Obituaries for publication on the Society, 9650 Rockville Pike, ual you wish to acknowledge, along Society’s Web page should be submit- Bethesda, Maryland 20814. Please with a photo, if available. ted via Email to the APS Webmaster include the individual’s full name, date

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R/ 7-99 Scientific Meetings and Congresses

August 15-19 BMA House, Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9JR, UK. 9th Annual Advances in Tissue Engineering. Houston, TX. Tel: +44-171-383-6109; fax: +44-171-383-6418; email: Information: ATE Course Coordinator, Rice University, [email protected]. Center for Excellence in Tissue Engineering, Mail Stop 142, PO Box 1892, Houston, TX 77251-1892. Tel: 713-348-4204; September 19-20 fax: 713-348-4244; email: [email protected]; Internet: Microarray Data Analysis. Using Statistics and Standards http://dacnet.rice.edu/~bioe/tissue. to Navigate the Microarray Data Minefield, Alexandria, VA. Information: Cambridge Healthtech Institute, 1037 August 19-22 Chestnut Street, Newton Upper Falls, MA 02464. Tel: 617- 7th World Congress for Microcirculation, Sydney, 630-1300 or 888-999-6288; fax: 617-630-1325; email: Australia. Information: Internet: http://www.ozemail.com. [email protected]; Internet: http://www.healthtech.com. au/~worldcongress. October 3-6 August 26-30 Heart and Brain: Signaling Pathways in Complex Human Fifth International Symposium on Mass Spectrometry in Diseases, San Diego, CA. Information: University of the Health and Life Sciences: Molecular & Cellular California, San Diego, Office of Continuing Medical Proteomics, San Francisco, CA. Information: Marilyn F Education, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0617. Schwartz, Conference Coordinator, Dept. of Pharmaceutical Tel: 858-534-3940 or 888-229-6263 (toll free); fax: 858-534- Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 7672; email: [email protected]; Internet: http://imm.ucsd.edu. 94143-0046. Tel: 415-476-4893; email: [email protected]. October 4-5 August 26-September 1 Tissue & Genetic Engineering for the Treatment of XXXIV International Congress of Physiological Sciences, Arthritic Diseases, Providence, RI. Information: The Christchurch, New Zealand. Information: Congress Knowledge Foundation, Inc., 18 Webster Street, Brookline, Secretariat, The Conference Company, PO Box 90-040, MA 02446, USA. Tel: 617-232-7400; fax: 617-232-9171; Auckland, New Zealand. Tel: +64-9-360-1240; fax: +64-9- email: [email protected]; Internet: 260-1242; email: [email protected]; Internet: http://knowledgefoundation.com. http://www.iups2001.org.nz. October 4-6 September 2-5 Neurobiology of Eye Movements: From Molecules to Cell & Molecular Biology of Membrane Transport Behavior, Cleveland, OH. Information: New York Academy Systems and Disorders, Greenmount Beach Resort, of Sciences, 2 East 63rd Street, New York, New York 10021. Coolangatta, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia (an Tel: 212.838.0230 ext. 324; Fax: 212.838.5640; Email: con- Official Satellite Meeting of the International Union of [email protected]; Internet: http://www.nyas.org/scitech/ Physiological Sciences Congress 2001). Information: For contents/neuroeye/index.html. Abstract Submission and further Conference information, please visit the Conference Website: http://www.uq.edu.au/ ~uqdmarko. October 4-7 Biomedical Engineering Society Annual Fall Meeting, September 2-6 Durham, NC. Information: Biomedical Engineering Society, 2001 Thermal Physiology Symposium (Sponsored by 8401 Corporate Drive, Suite 110, Landover, MD 20785. Tel: IUPS Commission of Thermal Physiology), Wollongong, 301-459-1999; fax: 301-459-2444; email: bmes2001@bmes Australia. Information: Internet: http://www.uow.edu.au/ .org; Internet: http://www.bmes2001.duke.edu. health/thermal2001 October 4-7 September 14-16 Second International Congress on Vascular Dementia, Fourth International Congress on peer Review in Paphos, Cyprus. Information: Secretariat, Second Biomedical Publication, Barcelona, Spain. Information: International Congress on Vascular Dementia, PO Box Annette Flanagin, JAMA, 515 N. State Street, Chicago, IL 50006, Tel Aviv 61500, Israel. Tel: +972-3-5140000; fax: 60610. Tel: 312-464-2432; fax: 312-464-5824; email: jama- +972-3-5140077; email: [email protected]; Internet: [email protected]. OR Jane Smith, BMJ Publishing Group, http://www.kenes.com/vascular.

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