KANSAS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER May 2010

President: Terry Bennett 648-4066, [email protected] Vice-President: Jeff Hoffman 744-1899 [email protected] Treasurer: Larry Determann 945-0017, [email protected] Secretary: Susan Kandt 838-6681, [email protected] Newsletter Editor: Mike Kandt 838-6681, [email protected] Website: www.kansaspondsociety.org

FROM THE PRESIDENT UPCOMING EVENTS By Terry Bennett May 1 KPS Mtg – Plant Exchange 6 PM June 5 KPS Meeting 6 PM Hello, Ponders. is officially here. That crystal-clear July 10-11 KPS Pond Tour pond may be starting to turn just a little cloudy; it might be Aug 7 KPS Meeting time to get a jumpstart with some beneficial bacteria from one of our local pond and landscape retailers. As the are May Meeting waking up, it’s time to bring up those hardy water plants from Saturday, May 1 the bottom of the pond. They should already have sprouted 6:00 PM - ? some growth by now. And some of them may even need At Kansas Natural Stone dividing. And just in time for the Kansas Pond Society’s 1550 S. Seville annual plant swap! The May meeting is always a club favorite. (Behind TSC on West Kellogg) Not only do we get invited to Kansas Natural Stone for a Plant Exchange meeting, but we get to have our plant swap as well. This is Well, now’s your chance to get rid of also the first formal meeting since the garden show. This is the those plant divisions and pick up a few first meeting that new members who signed up at the garden new plants in return. You can even show will be attending. A lot of new faces, a lot of great bring fish, too. Please bring all plants in plants, and of course some fantastic food. We are going to a bucket, box, sack or tub and attach follow the same procedure we used last year for the plant some kind of label to the bucket to swap. We will eat and then have our meeting, and then we will identify the plant. Also, bring containers have Mike Kandt and Duane Van Dolah go through and to bring home your goodies. If you don’t explain what plants we have and how to take care of them. have any plants to bring, that’s okay. When we are done with that, let the mayhem begin, first come You are still welcome to take home first serve. This is the way we did it last year, and it seemed to some starts, anyway. We do ask that work rather well. We have decided to make this meeting a you not start claiming plants until after themed dinner. The theme that was chosen was Italian. So our meal, so that everyone has an members, dig out your best Italian recipes and let’s show our opportunity. new members what great cooks we are. And as always as we get into our outside meetings, don't forget to bring your chairs. This meeting marks the beginning of our Lawn chairs are needed for all of our outdoor meetings. backyard meetings. We’ll have our

normally fantastic potluck buffet. Please This is also our opportunity to thank Gene Schellenberg and bring a main dish and a side or dessert everyone at Kansas Natural Stone for their support of our club. and lawn chairs. Paper plates and Without their help we would not be able to put on the displays plastic forks are provided, but you are we do at the Wichita Garden Show. We want to thank Gene also welcome to bring your own plates for having us out for our May meeting every year as well. I d i D i k ill b id d don't even have to ask anymore. I just always plan the May meeting for Kansas Natural Stone. It's a tradition that I hope WELCOME NEW MEMBERS will continue for many years to come. It is a great place to Jim & Pam Head have our plant swap, with plenty of room for everyone, lots of Kay Catlin parking, a lot of stone to look at, and of course great people. Dave & Deb Botkin Thanks again, Gene. Jonathan Melugin

I want to thank everyone who came out to Botanica for our annual water lily divide. It looked like rain, but as always, KPS Website the skies parted and the rain moved around the outskirts of Don’t forget to check out our website Wichita. Mother Nature sure seems to like our meetings, Kansaspondsociety.org and she always makes sure the weather works for us. It was If you want to check out old good to see some new faces from the garden show at the newsletters or get the recent one, use divide, as well. We seem to be getting faster at this every year. Again this year we were done by one o'clock. I hope the NEW password PONDSCUM. everyone learned how to split the water lilies and ran home This password has changed and will and split theirs later in the afternoon. Just kidding; I was be sent only to current club members. beat, too. Please don’t pass on to non- members. With the garden show and the lily divide at Botanica behind us, you would think things would finally be slowing DO YOU KNOW HOW MANY down. But do you realize that the upcoming meeting and GALLONS the June meeting are all that's between now and the pond tour? Is your pond going to be ready and a prime candidate ARE IN YOUR POND ?? for the pond tour? If so, please contact Wanita Wright or Susan Kandt. We do not have much time left to plan for KPS has a water meter that will measure the this year's tour. Once again this year we will be having the gallons as you fill the pond. You can even use Alex's lemonade stands for childhood cancer research. I it with a regular garden hose. There is a $5 fee hope that some of you who will not be on the tour will to help defray the purchase cost. We request please help out at our stands this year. you return the meter within 5 days or after the weekend so it can be available for others. I am excited that it's finally time to move outside, and I'm Contact equally excited to see all of you at the upcoming May KPS Doug or Wanita Wright 316-733-6626 meeting. Once again, don't forget your lawn chairs, your favorite Italian dish, and of course any plants that you may have divided, and come join us on May Day, Saturday, Did you know … May 1, at 6 PM at Kansas Natural Stone behind Tractor Supply on West Kellogg.

When water temp is 65°, the koi’s immune system is only 40% functional. Terry Bennett wcw

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WATER PLANTS By Duane Van Dolah

YERBA MANSA

Anemopsis californica

Also called Lizard Tail, this plant gets 12 to 18 inches tall. The spread of the plant is by rhizomes and could get invasive, so keeping it in a pot might be the wise choice. The plant has large, dull, gray-green leaves that can get 6 inches long. The flower heads are a greenish- white; cone shaped with 4 to 8, ¾-inch long, petal-like bracts. The flowers open in late spring into summer. Within weeks after bloom, red spots start to appear on the flower and bleed into the white petals. Leaves develop a red cast, and by fall the whole plant is a brick red. Sun to partial shade is what this plant needs to grow and to be in water up to a depth of 3 inches in zones 5-9. Propagation is by seeds and division of the root ball or rhizomes in the spring. It has quite interesting virtues, which include the face that the roots smell like a cross of camphor and eucalyptus, and the whole plant has a musty and spice scent. For medicinal purposes, the leaves were once used as a poultice to Koi & reduce swelling, the roots contain an antispasmodic, and the dried roots were chewed to relieve pain. It is also an anti-fungal for use against athlete’s foot and for Sale diaper rash. As a tea, it is good for swollen gums, sore Nice Selection of throat, gout, kidney stones, arthritis and some cancers. Using it in a sitz bath will help heal tearing or an episiotomy after childbirth. Colors & izes S (Editor’s Note: This is not to be confused with the Over 500 fish to choose Lizard’s Tail we see around here: Saururus cernuus). from John & Marilyn Stark 832-0387

TIP OF THE MONTH FISH NETS By Mike Kandt

After cleaning several ponds this spring, I am reminded of the importance of having good fish nets. So, what constitutes a good fish net? How do I know the size to buy? How do I use them to catch fish? How do I take care of the nets? I’ll give you my opinion on these answers, but that opinion will surely vary from anyone else’s who has tried to net fish.

When you are shopping for fish nets, you need to get the right type of net for the job you are doing. There are landing nets to catch the fish, transfer nets to move them from the pond to a holding tank. There are general-purpose nets that can be used for both functions. Skimmer nets remove debris from the pond surface and are not suitable for catching or transferring fish.

Next, consider the size of the net. Too small a net and you will chase fish all over the pond. Too large, and you will not be able to maneuver it in the pond. I feel that the larger the net, the easier it will be to catch fish. Also nets that are too small can injure fish. As they are trashing about, they can lose scales that eventually could lead to disease or infection, or they can just get stressed (evidenced by bloody streaks in the fins and tail). Also think about the shape of the net. A square-edge net works great for tanks with vertical walls and flat bottoms. A round net usually works best for ponds with round corners.

Landing Nets: Some dealers on-line will refer to them as skimmer nets, or by other names, but this is what I call them. I like the long handled, 20-inch diameter net that is very shallow (3-4 inches deep). This allows me to get the net under and contain large fish. I can also catch small fish easier due to its size. Do not try to lift large fish out of the water with this net, though, unless you hold the net by the rim. You will likely break the frame at net/handle connection and these nets are fairly expensive to replace. Also, landing nets made for sport fishing are not suitable for pond fish. The nets usually have large open mesh that small pond fish swim right through. The mesh is also usually a tied netting that koi can get tangled in. More on that later.

Transfer Nets: My strong preference is the koi sock. Never heard of a koi sock? Well, once you’ve tried one, you will have to own one. A koi sock is a long, narrow net without a bottom (no, not the variety that exotic dancers use). The fish goes in head first, and you hold the net with the bottom end in one hand and the short handle in the other (see the illustration). This allows safe and easy transfer of the fish from pond to tank. Fish cannot jump out of the net and they don’t have to get turned around to come out head first. For large fish, this is the only way to go. Be sure the net is big enough. I like the 10-12-inch (diameter) variety. These usually come with a fine mesh that is very resistant to snagging fish.

Skimmer Nets: These nets are used to remove leaves and other debris from the surface of the water. Some dealers sell deeper “pond skimmer” nets to hold more leaves. Be careful about loading these up too much or you can break the net frame. Be sure to get a long enough handle to reach at least halfway across the pond and to the bottom of the pond. You can use nets to remove small accumulations of leaves on the bottom or to retrieve an object that fallen to the bottom. skimmer nets work fine for surface skimming and are cheap. But they generally are flat and don’t hold many leaves.

General Purpose Nets: A variety of nets with many shapes and sizes are also available. For small fish under 10-12 inches, these might work fine for all the functions: landing, transferring, and skimming. But as your fish grow, you will find that these nets are less and less suitable.

Seine Nets: These are wide nets usually used in natural ponds with gradual sloping bottoms. It generally does not work well in manmade ponds. Fish sneak around the edge of the net and many get away. If you are catching minnows in the neighborhood creek, it works well. Otherwise, don’t try a seine net in your pond.

Netting Material: Selection of nets with the proper mesh is extremely important. Pond fish, particularly koi, have some barbed fins that can get snagged in certain kinds of netting as they thrash in the net. Avoid tied or knotted netting. This can easily snag a fin or scale. The knotless nylon netting is better (see illustration) but it can still catch a fin barb. The best kind is a fine mesh. Think mosquito netting. I like a black color in any netting because I think the fish don’t see it as well as a white.

Net Frame Guards: This is one this that divides the cheap nets from the good ones. It is a frame design that does not have the net mesh exposed over the aluminum frame edge. This is a good idea because repeated bumping of the net on gravel bottoms or stones on the sides can damage the net fabric and cause it to pull away from the frame. This means holes in the corners of the net, which makes it tough to capture fish, leaves or whatever you are trying to collect. Some manufactures cover the frame with a metal or plastic edge. Others design the net frame so that the mesh attachment is concealed. Either way works. If you must buy a cheap net without an edge guard, you can split a short section of garden hose and cover the exposed mesh and frame. Use a heat gun to soften the hose to bend easier.

Use & Care: A good net will set you back some serious cash, so you really need to use and care for them properly. Don’t use fish nets to muck out the leaves in the pond bottom when cleaning. I can’t tell you how many nets I have broken by trying to lift out muck from the pond to buckets on the pond edge. Instead, use a wet vacuum or a plastic dust pan with sharp edges removed. Clean nets after each use to remove debris. It’s a lot easier to get off when it is fresh and wet. A dip in some water with a little chlorine bleach added is also a good idea if you are netting fish suspected of carrying a disease or if you are loaning netting to others. Store nets in the garage or some other place away from strong sunlight. UV can degrade the nylon fabric of the nets, and they can fail at the most inopportune time.

Catching Fish: Now this is where the Zen comes in. The goal is to catch and transfer fish without harm and with the minimum stress to you and the fish. I can’t fully describe this process, but I can give you a few tips that will help you learn quicker. First, don’t even try to catch fish without significantly lowering the pond level. I usually get it down to 12 inches deep or less before I even start. Remove all pots, plants, blocks and anything else that will inhibit the netting and that fish can hide behind or beneath. As you net the fish, approach the fish slowly. You will never be able to move the net through the water fast enough to out-chase them. You need to be ahead of them and anticipate where they are going. Ideally, they will just swim into the net. I begin with a landing net and try to corral them into a corner. Sometimes, I’ll use a second net or even a second person to help with the corralling. I catch them in the landing net and hold it slightly in the water while I scoop the fish into the koi sock for transfer to a tank. Just remember, don’t try to out-chase them, move the net ahead of them so they swim into it. Always be vigilant of koi jumping. Once you have the fish netted, quickly get it into the transfer net. I have seen koi jump 10 feet across the pond to escape. If they do get out of the net while transferring and fall on the ground or sidewalk, don’t panic. Wet your hands and pick up the fish with one hand under its head and the other under the body. Point the head towards your chest to help contain it. If you need to carry it a ways, it’s best to get it back into the transfer net. Otherwise, you’ll drop it 10 more times on the way to the tank.

I know that there is conflicting information on the internet and from numerous dealers. And many of the readers might also have differing opinions on fish nets and their use. But after many years of buying nets, this is what I have come to use. I hope this helps you on your quest to be a better pond keeper.

FISH TALES by Susan Kandt

ZPG AND OTHER FANTASIES

Back in the glorious ‘60’s – you recall the era…when we were all dedicated to actually changing the world instead of just talking about it? Yeah, yeah, I know. Hard to remember, isn’t it? But as I was saying. Back in the ‘60’s, there was a movement afoot on planet Earth called Zero Population Growth, or ZPG. Its fundamental mission was to reach a point on this planet where the birth and death rates were roughly equal

The thinking was that our resources, environment, quality of life, and even space to live were being critically stretched to the point of extinction due to a soaring population explosion. The basic thesis was that everything wrong in our society today is caused by the single factor of overpopulation. And now, some 40 years later, with Earth’s numbers growing at a pace of nearly 80 million humans a year and societal problems at critical mass, it’s pretty tough to quibble that the ZPG folks (renamed Population Connection in 2002) didn’t have a convincing argument.

And while I’d argue that one other element needs to be added to what’s wrong with society today…that being greed (remember the Wall Street meltdown?)…I’m firmly on the same page with these folks about the overpopulation problem. Standing in long lines to do everything from getting into a restaurant to getting into a public restroom is really, really getting to be a bummer to those of us who can remember the days when waiting wasn’t the primary function that consumed our day.

That same problem (the overpopulation, not the waiting) is at the heart of what tends to go wrong with our fish ponds. (HA! You thought this was going to be just another one of my little hippie social history rants, didn’t you? See, see? I really CAN write about ponding, although I’ll concede that my segues can be a little bumpy.)

As in our own ecosystem, basically every problem that comes up in our ponds stems from Fish Gone Wild. Bad water quality? Overworked filters? Sudden explosion of diseases and parasites? Inexplicable fish deaths? For all these problems, blame the little…er, breeders…for getting carried away during spawning season (which seems to be ALL YEAR LONG with goldfish, have you noticed?!). We may have had the right idea in the beginning when we started a pond with one little $3.00 package of 12 goldfish, but it’s amazing what a handful of goldfish can turn into a few years later.

If this sounds like I’m intimately familiar with the problem, you’re right. When we moved into this house 18 years ago and found ourselves inheriting an old concrete pond with four beautiful, imported koi in it, we panicked. What the devil’s a “koi”, we wondered? And how do you keep the exotic creatures from croaking, we further wondered?

Well, after promptly killing all four of our unfortunate victims through sheer ignorance and bad information (my ponding motto became “We learn by killing”), we decided to seek out other folks who had fish ponds and actually knew what they were doing. That’s how we discovered what has evolved into the Kansas Pond Society. That’s the upside of our ponding experience. The downside is that, in those days, even the experienced people hadn’t had fish ponds long enough to know THAT much about what they were doing.

Mick and I have been pretty lucky all these years, considering all the stupid things we’ve done (and haven’t done). Our motto remains the same today, even though we’ve learned enough to know better. Sometimes we just get busy and don’t pay attention; other times we get busy and just plain don’t have enough time to do everything.

Although we’ve built a much larger pond for the koi, we lost our share of fish in the pond’s early days by not keeping the water quality up through dedicated maintenance. Luckily for our current koi crop, we learned our lessons well and stay on top of the maintenance. (I’ve also learned to resist the temptation of buying or adopting more koi!)

But we’ve heard all the stories about how hardy goldfish are. You’ve heard the stories, right? About how folks have left goldfish in a bucket of water all winter, the bucket (and fish) froze solid, then when the water thawed in the spring the intrepid little guys just miraculously spring to life again? Well, okay. I wasn’t born yesterday. I’ve had my doubts about the veracity of some of these anecdotes. These are, like the name of this column, fish tales. And fish tales are meant to be viewed with skepticism.

But Mick and I are the first to admit that, skepticism aside, we’ve gotten a little sloppy with our goldfish pond maintenance. While we net the koi pond faithfully every fall, we’ve never gotten around to buying nets for the other ponds. And while we run the pump 365 days a year on the koi pond, we still have a weather-unprotected external pump on the goldfish pond that we disconnect and take inside for the winter. We did finally buy the gold guys their own air pump and air stone, which was certainly a step in the right direction. And we do drain and thoroughly clean out that pond every spring, just like we do for the koi pond. All in all, I guess we’ve been lucky enough and done just enough to slide by and keep the goldfish pond healthy enough to support life.

But our luck ground to a screeching halt this winter. Last spring, what with being on the upcoming July tour and just a variety of everyday “stuff” consuming our time, we never got around to cleaning out the goldfish pond. For the first time since we’ve lived here, it didn’t get drained, the water lilies didn’t get pulled and divided, and the primordial ooze that lurks at the bottom of that pond (due to failure to net out the leaves) didn’t get mucked out.

Mick started noticing that when he glanced at the pond as he walked down the driveway to get the newspaper, a goldfish floater would be evident. Well, these things happen, he figured. But when he noticed three or four floaters the NEXT day, and then five or six floaters the day after that…well, he knew, Houston, we have a problem. Even the frogs were …well, croaking. (Sorry.) Our lack of basic maintenance that spring had come to fruition.

All in all, he scooped out a total of 80-some dead goldfish from the pond over the course of the winter. There wasn’t, of course, anything we could do about it during the cold months, and we dreaded what we would find when spring finally rolled around and we tackled the pond. We had no doubt whatsoever that we would find every single fish in the pond dead as the proverbial doornail.

With a whole lot of trepidation, we finally faced the odious chore on Easter weekend. To our total amazement, we found…well, yeah, a few more dead fish. But we ALSO found…TA DAA! A miraculous 86 live and healthy goldfish in that toxic dump. Staring at each other in complete stupefaction, we both came to the same conclusion: if all the fish had lived through the winter, we would have had almost 200 goldfish in that small pond!

Overpopulation, guys. That’s distinctly, irrevocably a textbook case of raging overpopulation. Our next problem? Trying to figure out precisely what we could have done to prevent such blatant overpopulation if we’d maintained the pond the way we should have in the first place. I mean, sure, we got rid of half our goldfish, but watching them die of asphyxiation in a bio-hazardous superfund site was not our idea of a humane solution. Um…surely, there are better ways to cull out your overly zealous spawners, right?

Well, having given the matter no small amount of thought, I’ve decided to use this whole nightmare as a teachable moment. I know for a fact that every single one of you out there who is reading this column has had, presently has, or in the future will have the same problem. Because, although admittedly we could have maintained the pond better, the ZPG folks would unhesitatingly point out that the situation was expedited, if not flat-out caused by, that niggling boogieman in every environment – namely, overpopulation.

So, in a nutshell, just how DO you humanely get rid of excess fish? Having had a traumatic winter and Easter weekend to think about it, here’s what I’ve come up with.

1) LET NATURE TAKE ITS COURSE. It’s a food chain out there, people. Barring an invasion of big- headed Martians out to harvest our planet, we humans are at the top of our particular chain. In the pond world, predator birds are at the top. As much as it pains us to see herons, egrets, and kingfishers hovering in the trees above our ponds, smacking their beaks in anticipation of a good meal, we need to turn our backs, pick up the newspaper, and go back into the house and, yes, let NATURE TAKE ITS COURSE. Now, that said, you no doubt will want to take whatever preventative precautions you can to give some protection to the koi you just paid two hundred bucks for and named after your favorite TV character. But let’s get real and admit once and for all that for the most part, the carp (yeah, goldfish and koi are carp) is at the bottom of the ol’ chain. Birds gotta eat, too. Use water lilies and floating pond plants to provide your precious fish with as much protective cover as you can, but don’t go ballistic and call out the Marines when you see a predator going after your goldfish. They’re just doing their job of balancing Nature.

2) SHARE YOUR BOUNTY WITH OTHERS. In other words, advertise them in this newsletter or net out and bring your excess fish to a KPS meeting for those new members who need fish for their new ponds or for those unfortunates who had a fish kill for one reason or another and need to restock. If your fish don’t have enough takers from the newsletter or at one of our meetings, consider advertising them in the newspaper or on Craig’s List. If it bothers you to think somebody might want them to use as bait, consider charging a nominal amount. That will usually dissuade the bait seekers.

3) HUMANELY EUTHANIZE. I know, I know…this sounds heartless. But barring enough predators or helpful friends to take them off your hands, you have little recourse. I’m not thrilled with the notion of just scooping the fish out and letting them die of oxygen deprivation at the side of the pond. (Not to mention the fact that your children probably won’t speak to you for a month or so.) Keep some clove oil handy (buy it at health food stores). For euthanization, net the fish out, put in a bucket, and use at least 30 drops per gallon of water. (Anything less will simply anesthetize them.)

Now I want to stress that Number 3 is far and away my least favorite method of culling your fish. But if Numbers 1 and 2 don’t pan out, there is little choice. Even with excellent maintenance and state-of- the-art pond construction, you WILL reach a point where you come smack up against the ol’ overpopulation quandary. The one point I didn’t make above, of course, seems too elementary to mention, but mention it I will. And that is, DON’T BUY OR ADOPT TOO MANY FISH TO BEGIN WITH. In other words, just because you have a 10,000-gallon pond doesn’t mean you should go out and obtain 50 fish. I guarantee you that they will, over time, increase their numbers. So start with few fish. If you lose a beloved pet and feel the need to replace it, by all means do so. But always keep this in mind: Nature will always seek to balance itself. If you lose a fish, another (or more) will be born to take its place. The more fish you add, the sooner you’re going to have to make the hard choices of Numbers 1, 2, and 3 above.

Whatever you do, when culling fish – whether it be koi, goldfish, or any other non-native fish – please DO NOT yield to the temptation to toss them in our rivers, streams or reservoirs! I can’t stress this strongly enough. Not only will many of them die an ugly death, but the ones that do survive will breed like crazy and compete with and drive out the native fish that depend on those waterways for their home. It has been posited that this sort of releasing of Asian carp is exactly what has led to the pollution of the Mississippi River and possibly other natural waterways with those nasty “jumping carp” you’ve heard about on the news. This has caused an environmental disaster of crisis proportions, and as pond hobbyists, it is our responsibility not to add to the problem.

Well, now that I’ve totally grossed you all out and convinced you that I’m Hard-Hearted Hannah in the flesh, go forth and try NOT TO MULTIPLY. Heaven knows I tend to be the last person in the world to preach conservatism in anything, but this is one area where I’ve learned the hard way that less is more.

Oh, and by the way, just to give a happy ending to this column, our goldfish/water lily pond is alive and well after its spring cleaning. The surviving 86 fish are happy and healthy and are being spoiled with too much food as we speak. That is still way too many – I’ve sent out dinner invitations to the predator birds in the neighborhood, but I have a feeling my outdoor cat population is discouraging them. Hence, the probable reason why we suddenly had soooo many goldfish this spring. We also have plans to buy an appropriate net in time for fall.

On another note and before I sign off, don’t forget our pond tour in July. We need your pond for our tour, and you will have a good time showing off all your hard work. I know that in the spring your yard and pond look their worst, and it’s hard to imagine putting it on tour. But I guarantee you that after working out there this spring and early summer, by July you’ll be dying to show it all off! Let Wanita Wright or me know if you’re interested in partaking.

See you at the plant exchange meeting in May. Something tells me we’re going to be seeing a few give-away fish there….

Susan

Kansas Pond Society 5615 N. Sullivan Wichita, KS 67204