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Pirate Fish on Your Plate Pirate Fish on Your Plate Tracking illegally-caught fsh from West Africa into the European market A report by the Environmental Justice Foundation ACKNoWlEDGMENTs This report was researched, written and produced by 5 st Peter’s st, london N1 8JD, UK the Environmental Justice Foundation. Tel 44 (0) 20 7359 0440 Design Alyson McCulloch ([email protected]) Fax 44 (0) 20 7359 7123 [email protected] Cover Image © simon Wheeler www.ejfoundation.org Printed on 100% post-consumer waste paper. The Environmental Justice Foundation is a UK-based non-governmental organisation working internationally. Thanks to Brian Emmerson and all at Emmerson Press for continued support. www.emmersonpress.co.uk More information about EJF’s work and pdf versions of this report can be found at www.ejfoundation.org EJF would like to thank the following people and their organisations for the invaluable time and assistance with Comments on the report, requests for further copies information, ideas and visual materials used in this report: or specifc queries about EJF should be directed to [email protected] Greenpeace International; Ministry for Fisheries and Aquaculture of Guinea; West Africa surveillance operations Coordination This document should be cited as: EJF (2007) Unit (soCU); Michael Earle; David Hammerstein MEP. Pirate Fish on your Plate – Tracking illegally-caught fsh from West Africa into the European market. In thanking these individuals, we in no way imply that they Environmental Justice Foundation, london, UK. or their organisations endorse the report’s content. IsBN No. 1-904523-12-9 EJF’s marine campaign is generously supported by the rufford Maurice laing Foundation In addition to the illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fshing that occurs in West African waters, a signifcant amount of IUU fshing is carried out by EU vessels and/or companies on the high seas, as well as within the territorial waters of both European and developing states. These issues and the devastating impacts that IUU fshing has on marine ecosystems and the livelihoods of people in developing countries are explored in Pirates and Profteers and Illegal Driftnetting in the Mediterranean. EJF’s report Party to the Plunder documents the negative impacts of pirate fshing in Guinea, and its links to the European Union. All EJF reports are available for download at www.ejfoundation.org. GlossAry CNFC – China National Fisheries (Group) Corp. Guinea – republic of Guinea, also known as Guinea-Conakry DG SANCO – Food and Veterinary offce of the EU IMO – International Maritime organisation Directorate-General of Health and Consumer Protection IPOA – International Plan of Action (to combat IUU fshing) DfID – UK’s Department for International Development IUU Fishing – Illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) EEZ – Exclusive Economic Zones or ‘pirate’ fshing EJF – Environmental Justice Foundation MAPA – spanish Ministry for Agriculture, Fisheries and Foods EU – European Union MEP – Member of European Parliament FAO – United Nations Food and Agriculture organization RFMO – regional Fisheries Management organisation FoC – Flags of Convenience SOCU – (West Africa) regional surveillance operations Co-ordination Unit Contents Executive summary . 1 Introduction . 3 Pirate Fish on your Plate – The journey from Africa to UK . 4 Pirate Fish in the UK – EJF research Findings . 5 Billingsgate Fish Market . 6 IUU fsh in Europe . 6 las Palmas: A Haven for IUU Fishing . 7 one boat: four identities . 9 legal status of las Palmas . 10 Flags of Convenience (FoC) . 10 ship to shore – Tracking illegally-caught fsh from West Africa into the European market . 11 The problem of transshipments . 13 The Impacts of IUU fshing in Guinea . 14 Dirty fsh on your plate – The links between IUU fshing, fsh hygiene, and your health. 16 Case study – China National Fisheries Corp. (CNFC). 17 Conclusion . 18 recommendations . 19 references . 21 Vessels observed in Guinean waters by EJF and Greenpeace . 22 ©Simon Wheeler Clockwise: Fishing is a crucial economic and social activity in Guinea, and specifcally benefts women who process the fsh. ©EJF During the course of EJF’s investigations in Guinea, 53 foreign fagged vessels were observed engaged in IUU fshing activities ©EJF Fish stocks in Guinean waters are in a perilous state. Rampant IUU fshing is preventing the sustainable management of a resource that millions of people depend upon for food and livelihoods. ©AFMA Fish stolen from West Africa enters the legitimate marketplace and end up on the plates of unsuspecting consumers throughout Europe. ©EJF Despite supposedly meeting strict EU hygiene standards, storage and handling conditions aboard many IUU vessels are often very unsafe, compromising the health and safety of European consumers. ©Greenpeace/Gleizes Executive summary 1 1 Illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) or ‘pirate’ fshing has been implicated as one of the most serious threats to the future of world fsheries. occurring in virtually all fshing grounds, pirate fshing is widely believed to account for a signifcant proportion of global catches. This report reveals the links between illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fshing vessels operating off the coast of West Africa, the spanish ‘port of convenience’ las Palmas in the Canary Islands, and consumers and retailers in the UK. It details the illegal operations at sea, and the laundering process which enables IUU vessels to sell their catch in Europe, in the absence of oversight or checks as to the provenance and legality of the fsh. • The Environmental Justice Foundation’s (EJF) investigations • Under EU law, individual vessels from third-party countries focussed on suppliers such as london’s Billingsgate fsh that want to export fsh to the European Union need an market, where we found two of the snapper species approval number, designated by the Food and Veterinary commonly known as Denton marked as coming from FAo offce of the EU Directorate-General of Health and statistical Area 34 (West Africa). sold under the generic name Consumer Protection (DG sANCo). However, it is the “snapper” or occasionally “sea bream” in the UK, Denton is designated authority of the third-party country that is caught incidentally by shrimp trawl fsheries: one of the responsible for the inspection and monitoring of vessels most ecologically destructive and wasteful tropical fsheries and establishing whether the vessels meet EU hygiene due to the indiscriminate capture of non-target species in standards. of the 53 foreign fagged vessels EJF documented the trawl nets. as engaged in, or linked to, IUU fshing activities in Guinean national waters, 70% (37) carried DG sANCo numbers. • EJF identifed a number of boxes of Denton carrying the logo In addition to the illegal activities, EJF documented extremely of CNFC, a state-owned Chinese company that owns many unsafe hygiene conditions on many of the IUU fshing vessels, of the IUU vessels operating in Guinea. Identical boxes were including those with DG sANCo numbers. Unhygienic seen in three locations during the course of our investigations IUU-caught fsh is mixed with legal catches, compromising – on board IUU vessels in West Africa, in the notorious the health and safety of end consumers. “Port of Convenience” las Palmas in the Canary Islands, and fnally in the UK marketplace. • Even allowing for such a small sample of the UK marketplace for West African seafood, our fndings clearly indicate that • The process of laundering illegal fsh into the EU marketplace much more needs to be done to prevent fsh caught illegally makes tracing IUU fsh virtually impossible. However while from entering the EU. This report demonstrates that as long it isn’t possible to defnitively prove that the fsh within the as the EU continues to serve as a marketplace for IUU fsh, boxes discovered by EJF are IUU-caught, our investigations and las Palmas as an entrepot, the illegal plunder of fsh show that there is strong evidence linking them to IUU vessels, resources from West African waters will continue. and to assert that IUU-caught fsh is entering Europe, and being sold in the UK. • The implementation and enforcement of a suite of inter-related measures are required to stop pirate fsh • o ne of the countries worst-affected by IUU fshing is Guinea entering the EU, and to eradicate IUU fshing. EJF contends in West Africa. In 2004/05, EJF investigators conducted feld that failure to adopt such measures will result in a rapidly interviews with communities and enforcement authorities deteriorating situation, including declines in commercial who all confrmed that IUU fshing is a signifcant and growing catches and marine biodiversity, and impoverished livelihoods problem. In 2006, EJF returned to Guinea in partnership with in some of the world’s poorest nations. It is also clear that Greenpeace International to investigate the extent and impact these steps are vital to protect the European public from of IUU fshing. During the course of this investigation we potential health impacts, and from unwittingly contributing observed 104 vessels, over half of which (53) were either to the devastating impacts of IUU fshing. engaged in, or linked to, IUU fshing activities. • Investigators documented a range of IUU practices including: vessels fshing without a licence; vessels fshing in the 12-mile zone reserved for local artisanal fshermen; the illegal transshipping of fsh between fshing vessels and to refrigerated cargo ships; the repackaging of fsh products on IUU vessels into boxes stamped with the name of a legal boat; the deliberate hiding of identities; and more than one vessel purporting to be a single ship. Many of these activities effectively allow illegal fsh to be ‘laundered’ into legal catches and the legitimate marketplace. 2 Introduction 2 Illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) or ‘pirate’ fshing has Pirate fshing operations are stealing an invaluable protein source been implicated as one of the most serious threats to world from some of the world’s poorest people while damaging the fsheries. occurring in virtually all fshing grounds, pirate fshing livelihoods of legitimate local fshermen12, 13.
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