DOCSLIB.ORG

Choosing Pear Rootstocks for the Pacific Northwest R

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Choosing Pear Rootstocks for the Pacific Northwest R PNW341 Reprinted January 1995 Choosing Pear Rootstocks for the Pacific Northwest R. Stebbins When you establish a new pear orchard, the proper choice of rootstock is as important as the choice of variety and site. This is true because the rootstock is involved in determining two key factors: your variety's susceptibility to several serious diseases, and your tree's perfor- mance in your climate and on your orchard site. The principal diseases of pear trees that are related to rootstocks are fire blight, pear decline, and Pseudomonas bacterial blight. If the rootstock produces suckers, as many do, and if the suckers are susceptible to fire blight, the disease may enter the root system, where it The Hood River Valley is a major pear producing region of the Pacific Northwest. Climate and is almost impossible to control. soil type vary from region to region and are only two of the many factors to consider when Pear decline is a disease that choosing pear rootstocks. causes a girdling of the tree at the graft union, which in turn causes a slow or rapid decline and death. higher temperatures if the tempera- propagated from seed, and the Pear decline is transmitted by pear ture falls from above freezing in a clonal selections propagated from psylla, a common insect pest of few hours. cuttings. You'll find many good pears. Most nurseries no longer use The better rootstocks provide rootstocks in either class. rootstocks susceptible to decline, so important advantages such as Here are the key questions to ask: this disease is rare. (See Table 1 for earlier, heavier production than 1. Is the rootstock tolerant of fire susceptibility of pear rootstocks to standard roots, which are considered blight and pear decline? specific problems.) to be Bartlett seedlings. (The major- 2. Does it sucker? Rootstocks also vary in their ity of pear orchards are on this tolerance of heavy soils and cold rootstock.) 3. What will be the ultimate tree winter temperatures, their effect on Rootstocks that impart high vigor size, based on the variety and site tree vigor, and other factors. If a are needed for red pears and Asian I choose? rootstock usually will be injured pears, which tend to be low in vigor. 4. Are the resulting trees uniform in when the temperature falls slowly to Rootstocks that restrict vigor are size? -10oF, it's not considered cold-hardy needed for vigorous varieties like enough for the mid-Columbia Cornice and Anjou. Robert L. Stebbins, Extension horticul- district and districts north of there. We can arbitrarily divide pear ture specialist emeritus, Oregon State These same stocks may be injured at rootstocks into two classes: those University. A Pacific Northwest Extension Publication • Oregon • Idaho • Washington Research on pear rootstocks 0 Table 1.—Relative susceptibility of pear rootstocks to damage from various causes. began at Oregon State University (0=not susceptible; 4=highly susceptible) more than 50 years ago and has progressed considerably in recent Cause years. Out of this program have Pear Fire Cold Root Iron come pear rootstocks adapted to a Rootstock decline blight damage aphid chlorosis wide variety of sites; they produce trees either larger or smaller than OHxF clones 0 1 0 1 1 standard, and they're tolerant of Quince 0 3 4 0 3 2 4 0 4 pear decline and a number of other Bartlett seedling 1 Winter Nellis seedling 1 4 0 4 1 problems. Old Home 0 0 0 4 1 When you graft any tree on a P. calleryana 2 0 4 0 3 rootstock that imparts especially P. betulaefolia (Reimer's) 0 0 4 0 1 desirable effects (such as growth control), plant it with the graft union above ground, to prevent scion rooting and the resultant loss of (Armillaria), and fungal (Phytoph- Trees on 40 may be as small as on desirable characteristics. thora) root rot. 51, but they're more productive. Some have a tendency to produce Trees on clones 69 and 217 are European seedling types suckers, which could become similar in size to 51 and slightly (Pyrus communis) infected with fire blight. They're smaller than trees on 282 and 97, European seedling rootstocks more susceptible to crown gall which produce trees of about (called "domestic seedlings") from (bacterial) than other stocks. standard size but are more preco- Winter Nellis or Bartlett female dous than Bartlett seedlings. parents are mostly tolerant of pear Old Home x Farmingdale Trees on clone 333 have been decline and cold-hardy, but they clones healthy and productive in several locations, but they've been less lack fire blight resistance. Old Home x Farmingdale (OHxF) productive than standard-sized trees The seed for the Winter Nellis or donal rootstocks used by nurseries at the Mid-Columbia Agricultural Bartlett rootstocks usually is are decline-resistant, moderately fire Research and Extension Center, obtained from canneries. Orchards blight-resistant, generally Hood River, Oregon. with satisfactory uniformity and cold-hardy stocks that provide a The Oregon nursery that has vigor have been developed on these range of tree sizes. The extent to specialized in these stocks plans to seedlings. Some of the orchard trees which any of these stocks restricts use clones 40, 69,217, and 282 for with this root are weak and may tree size varies somewhat with site. most varieties, and 277 or 97 for have the slow form of pear decline. They're reproduced from cuttings some slow-growing red pears and P. communis types have per- off selected seedling trees whose Asian pears. formed poorly on heavy clay soil in parents were the two blight-resistant All the major pear varieties are Medford, Oregon, in a rotation P. communis varieties. Old Home graft-compatible with Old Home x following pears, compared with and Farmingdale (OHxF). They were Farmingdale clones. These clones shallow-planted quince, P. calleryam, selected for their resistance to blight, have performed less well on the and P. betulaefolia. high productivity relative to tree unusually fine-textured clay soils in Imported French and P. caucasica size, and other characteristics. The the Medf ord district. Most have from Eastern Europe aren't suitable vigor of each of these stocks usually performed well in other pear dis- because they're susceptible to is compared to the average Bartlett tricts of the Pacific Northwest on decline. Another seedling type from seedling as a standard. lighter textured soils. Germany, Kirchensaller Mostbirne, is Trees on Old Home x Farming- The clones recently selected for satisfactory but has no advantage dale clone 51 are about 80 percent of propagation in large quantities are over domestic seedlings. standard (Bartlett seedling) size, cold-hardy, aren't prone to Trees on Nellis roots are slightly depending on soil type. They're suckering or lime-induced chlorosis, more vigorous than those on Bartlett more dwarfing on heavy day soils. and aren't unusually susceptible to seedlings, and they're similar in They haven't been as productive as fire blight or Pseudomonas. other ways. In addition to the items trees on the other OHxF dones listed in Table 1, Bartlett and Winter mentioned. In British Columbia, Nellis seedlings are moderately they've shown an unsatisfactory susceptible to bacterial canker degree of cold-hardiness. (Pseudomonas), oak root fungus Other pear species extensive hand thinning, such as this rootstock are more tolerant of Pyrus calleryana. Although it's Bartlett and Seckel, "betch" may be drought but less tolerant of resistant to fire blight, mostly the favored rootstock in some lime-induced chlorosis than most. tolerant of pear decline, and vigor- situations because trees on this stock They tolerate high water tables ous, this stock is cold-hardy only to produce larger-sized fruit. when the tree is dormant—but not about -10°F, depending on how Seedlings from trees of OSU high water tables that fluctuate quickly the temperature falls. It's selection Nos. 1,2, 3, and 5 during the growing season. used in regions that have warm P. betulaefolia are true to type. The P. betulaefolia is tolerant of bacterial winters. four OSU trees are from stock canker and Phytophthora root rot. Trees on seedlings from a pure brought directly from China and are Although not enough is known source of P. calleryana have shown thought to be pure species types, not about the cold-hardiness of about 10 percent weak trees, which hybrids. P. betulaefolia roots, they've been is similar to trees on Winter Nellis or P. betulaefolia seed from most satisfactory for Bartlett at Othello, o Bartlett seedlings. These weak trees other sources appears to contain a Washington, where -20 F tempera- may be partially susceptible to pear mixture of hybrid types. These tures during the 1968-1969 winter decline disease. Because those hybrids could introduce an undesir- didn't damage the rootstocks' seedlings that come from crosses able degree of variability in the productivity. Seedlings of "betch" with the highly decline-susceptible orchard trees and the "black end" produced from hybrid seed, most of P. serotina or with P. ussuriensis are physiological disorder of fruit. which comes from Europe, probably susceptible to pear decline, it's ("Black end" occurs with European won't be as cold-hardy as the pure important to isolate nursery seed pears on certain Oriental rootstocks, "betch" from northern China. sources from those species. and it appears to be related to a Trees on P. calleryana are of about rootstock's inability to supply Quince rootstocks standard vigor; but in contrast to enough caldum to the fruit.) Clonal quince stocks are used most vigorous stocks, they begin Confusion between true primarily in southern Oregon to bearing at an early age.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Pyrus Calleryana James T
    Invasive Plant Science and Efficacy of five herbicide treatments for control Management of Pyrus calleryana www.cambridge.org/inp James T. Vogt1 , David R. Coyle2, David Jenkins3, Chris Barnes4, Christopher Crowe5, Scott Horn6, Chip Bates4 and Francis A. Roesch7 Research Article 1Project Leader, USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Athens, GA, USA; 2Assistant Professor, Forest Health and Invasive Species, Clemson University, Forestry and Environmental Conservation Department, Cite this article: Vogt JT, Coyle DR, Jenkins D, Clemson, SC, USA; 3Forest Health Program Coordinator, South Carolina Forestry Commission, Columbia, SC, Barnes C, Crowe C, Horn S, Bates C, and USA; 4Forest Health Specialist, Georgia Forestry Commission, Macon, GA, USA; 5Forestry Technician, USDA Roesch FA (2020) Efficacy of five herbicide Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Athens, GA, USA; 6Entomologist, USDA Forest Service, Southern treatments for control of Pyrus calleryana. Research Station, Athens, GA, USA and 7Research Statistician, USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Invasive Plant Sci. Manag 13:252–257. Asheville, NC, USA doi: 10.1017/inp.2020.36 Received: 23 June 2020 Abstract Revised: 18 September 2020 Accepted: 10 November 2020 Callery pear (Pyrus calleryana Decne.) is rapidly spreading in the United States, gaining atten- First published online: 17 November 2020 tion in the last two decades as a serious invasive pest. Recommended control methods include foliar, basal bark, cut stump, and hack-and-squirt application of herbicides, but there are few Associate Editor: published studies with replicated data on efficacy. Four readily available herbicidal active ingre- James K. Leary, University of Florida dients and a combination of two active ingredients were tested for control efficacy against Keywords: P.
    [Show full text]
  • Callery Pear, Bradford Pear Pyrus Calleryana Rosaceae
    CORNELL COOPERATIVE EXTENSION OF 121 Second Street Oriskany, NY 13424-9799 ONEIDA COUNTY (315) 736-3394 or (315) 337-2531 FAX: (315) 736-2580 Callery Pear, Bradford Pear Pyrus calleryana Rosaceae Habitat Native to Korea and Japan Zone 5 Habit and Form A medium-sized deciduous tree Tear-drop shaped in youth and spreading out with age 30' to 40' tall and about one-third as wide Fast growth rate Medium texture Summer Foliage Alternate, deciduous leaves Simple, ovate leaves with crenate margins Leaves are leathery and usually quite glabrous 2" to 3" long and almost as wide Leaves are held on a long petiole, almost 2" glossy, dark green leaf color Autumn Foliage Reds, purples, and oranges Very attractive leaves tend to hold late, freezes could happen before color fully develops Flowers White flowers Flower form corymbs about 3" in diameter Usually flowers peak before leaf set Helping You Put Knowledge to Work Cornell Cooperative Extension provides equal program and employment opportunities. NYS College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, NYS College of Human Ecology, and NYS College of Veterinary Medicine at Cornell University, Cooperative Extension associations, county governing bodies, and U.S. Department of Agriculture, cooperating. Flowers late April to early May Very attractive, slightly malodorous Fruit Round pome fruit Small, only about 0.5" in diameter Fruit is covered in russet dots Olive-brown to tan color, not ornamentally significant Bark Light brown to gray, develops horizontal lenticels with age Culture
    [Show full text]
  • May 2016 Vol. 345 Annual Board Elections
    May 2016 Vol. 345 Summer Is Almost Here Summer is almost here and I know everyone is aching to hit the May Special Events pools and the beach. Well the time is right around the corner and with at the Country Club a new season comes some new things. All areas will open on Memorial Day weekend with a Volleyball Tourney Saturday at 12:00, and the Beach Bash on Monday at 12:00. Water Aerobics begin May 31st, operating Monday-Friday from 10:00-11:00am at the Country Club pool. The Recreation Department and The Recreation Committee are always in need of members and volunteers to pull off some of the wonderful events happening here in Fairfield Plantation. If you or someone you know has that outgoing spirit and would like to help bring more summer fun to the community, please feel free to contact the Recreation Department at 770-830-7124 or email [email protected]. Wine, Dine and Dance FAIRFIELD PLANTATION WHERE THE FUN NEVER ENDS!!! May 7th, 7-11pm Keith James, Recreation Director Buffet dinner served at 7:30 Annual Board Elections – Calling all Candidates $30 per person, The Board of Directors and the POA Management encourages property owners to Includes glass of wine with dinner participate in our community through volunteerism on committees and the Board of Music by DJ Arman Directors. Three property owners will be elected at the 2016 POA Annual Meeting by a Tickets available at Country Club majority vote of the Fairfield Plantation Property Owners. POA directors are elected for three year terms.
    [Show full text]
  • Control of Callery Pear in Pastures, Right-Of-Way, and Natural Areas
    CONTROL OF CALLERY PEAR IN PASTURES, RIGHT-OF-WAY, AND NATURAL AREAS Scott Flynn, PhD (Dow AgroSciences LLC) Reid Smeda, PhD, and Carey Page (University of Missouri) www.RangeAndPasture.com www.RangeAndPasture.com Overview • Pyrus calleryana Dcne. (Rosales: Rosaceae) is quickly becoming one of the most widespread, aggressive invaders of ROWs, and Pastures. Currently some states have convinced nurseries, and big box stores to stop the sale of ornamental pears to slow the spread. To-date there have been no products labeled for Pyrus calleryana control in the US. ™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow www.RangeAndPasture.com Background • P. calleryana was introduced to the US by Frank Reimer, Southern Oregon Experiment Station, to combat fire blight in common pear (Pyrus communis). • Native of Southeast Asia • Common varieties > ‘Bradford’ – 1962, Maryland > ‘Chanticleer’ - mid-1965 Ohio • Select’, ‘Stone Hill’, ‘Select’, and ‘Glenn’s Form’ > ‘Aristocrat’ – 1969, Kentucky > ‘Whitehouse’ – 1977, Maryland > ‘Autumn Blaze’ – 1878, Oregon > ‘Capital’ – 1982, Washington DC Culley and Hardiman (2007) ™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow www.RangeAndPasture.com Range and Adaptation Comparison of adaptation of Pyrus calleryana between the US and China based on similar latitudes. Provinces in China where Pyrus calleryana are found (shown in black) Pyrus calleryana has escaped cultivation along infrequently managed areas, forming dense stands that displace other vegetation.
    [Show full text]
  • Pyrus Calleryana 'Aristocrat' 'Aristocrat' Callery Pear
    Fact Sheet ST-536 October 1994 Pyrus calleryana ‘Aristocrat’ ‘Aristocrat’ Callery Pear1 Edward F. Gilman and Dennis G. Watson2 INTRODUCTION ‘Aristocrat’ Callery Pear quickly grows 35 to 45 feet high and 30 to 35 feet wide, with widely-spaced, upright-spreading, thornless branches (Fig. 1). The more dominant trunk and open form of ‘Aristocrat’ Callery Pear helps to make it less susceptible to wind and ice damage than ‘Bradford’. Branch angles are wider and lateral branches grow at a slower rate than on ‘Bradford’, therefore the branches are better attached to the trunk. In spring before the new leaves unfold, the tree puts on a brilliant display of pure white flowers which, unfortunately, do not have a pleasant fragrance. The leaves emerge as red/purple, then become 1.5 to 3 inches long, glossy green with wavy margins and a red blush. They turn red again in fall before dropping. The small, pea-sized, red/brown fruits which form are quite attractive to birds and other wildlife, and mummify on the tree persisting for several months to a year. Planting two or more cultivars of Callery Pear together could increase fruit set. GENERAL INFORMATION Figure 1. Young ‘Aristocrat’ Callery Pear. Scientific name: Pyrus calleryana ‘Aristocrat’ Pronunciation: PIE-rus kal-ler-ee-AY-nuh tree lawns (4-6 feet wide); recommended for buffer Common name(s): ‘Aristocrat’ Callery Pear strips around parking lots or for median strip plantings Family: Rosaceae in the highway; screen; shade tree; small parking lot USDA hardiness zones: 5 through 9A (Fig. 2) islands (< 100 square feet in size); narrow tree lawns Origin: not native to North America (3-4 feet wide); specimen; sidewalk cutout (tree pit); Uses: container or above-ground planter; large residential street tree; tree has been successfully grown parking lot islands (> 200 square feet in size); wide in urban areas where air pollution, poor drainage, tree lawns (>6 feet wide); medium-sized parking lot compacted soil, and/or drought are common islands (100-200 square feet in size); medium-sized 1.
    [Show full text]
  • City of Salem Municipal Street Tree Assessment Project - Pilot Program
    NEW ENGLAND CIVIL ENGINEERING CORP. 120 WASHINGTON STREET, SUITE 202E, P.O. BOX 3026, SALEM, MA 01970 PH: 978.741.7401 - FAX: 978.741.7402 – WWW.ENGINEERINGCORPORATION.COM City of Salem Municipal Street Tree Assessment Project - Pilot Program TASK ORDER No. 2 On-Call Civil Engineering Support Services City of Salem RFQ R-50 August 2016 WATER RESOURCES - BURIED INFRASTRUCTURE - PUBLIC WORKS - CONSTRUCTION ADMINISTRATION - LAND DEVELOPMENT TABLE OF CONTENTS Letter Report Attachment Map of Entrance Corridor Pilot Area Attachment A Maps of GPS Located and Assessed Tree Types Maps of Tree Maintenance Needs Photos of All GPS Located Trees Attachment B Database Table of All GPS Located Trees & Attachment C Tree Warden Excel Sheet Incorporated to Database Tree Identification Key Attachment D NEW ENGLAND CIVIL ENGINEERING CORP. NEW ENGLAND CIVIL ENGINEERING CORP. 120 WASHINGTON STREET, SUITE 202E, P.O. BOX 3026, SALEM, MA 01970 PH: 978.741.7401 - FAX: 978.741.7402 – WWW.ENGINEERINGCORPORATION.COM City of Salem Municipal Street Tree Assessment Project Pilot Program Project Understanding The City of Salem retained New England Civil Engineering Corp (NECE) to GPS locate and evaluate the condition of the street trees along four major corridors in the city. This pilot project was funded by a grant through Mass in Motion and facilitated through the Engineering Department. The following streets were included in the survey: Bridge Street from the Beverly Bridge to Howard Street, Lafayette Street from the Marblehead Town line to Loring Avenue, Boston Street from the Peabody City line to Essex Street, and North Street from the Peabody City line to the North Street Bridge.
    [Show full text]
  • Maximizing the Benefits of Increased Urban Canopy on the Eastside of Los Angeles
    April 20, 2021 Maximizing the benefits of increased urban canopy on the eastside of Los Angeles Authors Rachel Ablondi David Galaviz Melinda Ramos-Alatorre Dulce Acosta Erik Huisman Seher Randhawa Marianna Babboni Yuliang Jiang Coleman Reardon Will Berelson Beau MacDonald Kate Weber Jackson FitzGerald Esther Margulies John Wilson CARBON CENSUS at USC I Acknowledgements Authors This report was prepared in coordination with the Los Angeles Rachel Ablondi, Undergraduate Research Assistant, Spatial Department of Public Works as part of a strategic partner- Sciences Institute, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sci- ship on urban trees between the City of Los Angeles and the ences, University of Southern California University of Southern California. We are grateful for the Dulce Acosta, Senior Principle Director, Community & Local expert advice and collaboration from our City of Los Angeles Government Partnerships, University Relations, University of partners. Thanks to Rachel Malarich, Melinda Gejer, Irene Southern California Burga, Amy Schulenberg and Rachel O’Leary for working hand-in-hand with us since the beginning of the project. Marianna Babboni, Project Administrator, Dornsife Public Exchange, University of Southern California We would also like to acknowledge the many community Will Berelson, Professor, Department of Earth Sciences and members and organizations that took the time to meet with Environmental Studies Program, Dornsife College of Letters, our project team and voice their opinions. A special thanks Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California to Joe Laskin and Aaron Thomas from North East Trees for sharing their deep expertise with us. Jackson FitzGerald, Undergraduate Research Assistant, Spatial Sciences Institute, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts This project was made possible with the generous facilita- and Sciences, University of Southern California tion of funding support from USC President Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Origin, Domestication, and Dispersing of Pear (Pyrus Spp.)
    Hindawi Publishing Corporation Advances in Agriculture Volume 2014, Article ID 541097, 8 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/541097 Review Article Origin, Domestication, and Dispersing of Pear (Pyrus spp.) G. J. Silva, Tatiane Medeiros Souza, Rosa Lía Barbieri, and Antonio Costa de Oliveira Plant Genomics and Breeding Center, Federal University of Pelotas, 96001-970 Pelotas, RS, Brazil Correspondence should be addressed to Antonio Costa de Oliveira; [email protected] Received 11 March 2014; Accepted 29 April 2014; Published 9 June 2014 Academic Editor: Innocenzo Muzzalupo Copyright © 2014 G. J. Silva et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The pear (Pyrus communis L.) is a typical fruit of temperate regions, having its origin and domestication at two different points, China and Asia Minor until the Middle East. It is the fifth most widely produced fruit in the world, being produced mainly in China, Europe, and the United States. Pear belongs to rosaceous family, being a close “cousin” of the apple, but with some particularities that make this fruit special with a delicate flavor. Thus, it deserves a special attention and a meticulous review of all the history involved, and the recent research devoted to it, because of the economic and cultural importance of this fruit in a range of countries and cultures. Therefore, the purpose of this literature review is to approach the history of the origin, domestication, and dispersal of pears, as well as reporting their botany, their current scenario in the world, and their breeding and conservation.
    [Show full text]
  • The Rise and Fall of the Ornamental Callery Pear Tree
    The Rise and Fall of the Ornamental Callery Pear Tree Theresa M. Culley ne of the most notable heralds of spring in the eastern United States Ois the profuse blooming of orna- mental pear trees in front yards and along ARCHIVES OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM city streets. The Callery pear (Pyrus calleryana), and particularly its many cultivars such as ‘Bradford’, ‘Cleveland Select’, and ‘Aristocrat’, has become one of the most popular ornamental trees in North America. However, its commercial success has now become overshadowed by its tendency to spread along roadways and into natural areas through reseeding. Today this tree is considered invasive in many states, in stark contrast to how it grows in its native range in Asia. How did this tree become the scourge of land man- agers across North America? What has led to its fall from grace? To understand this fascinating story, we need to start at the beginning. Seeds From China Plant collector Frank N. Meyer in China in 1908. Toward the end of the nineteenth century, farm- stamina to tolerate the physical discomforts ing began to replace ranching in the western and social isolation of travelling for months in United States and there was a growing demand distant lands. He found Frank N. Meyer (1875– for improved crops that could thrive there. 1918), a Dutch immigrant and former gardener The United States Department of Agriculture who had a deep fascination with plants and saw (USDA) began to focus on importing new plants nothing unusual about walking hundreds of for testing and, in 1898, created the Foreign miles on a botanical foray.
    [Show full text]
  • Time of Nitrogen Application and Phosphorous Effects on Growth
    SOIL MANAGEMENT, FERTILIZATION, & IRRIGATION HORTSCIENCE 30(3):532–534. 1995. This study evaluated the time of N applica- tion on selected performance characteristics of pecan. Additionally, applications of large Time of Nitrogen Application and quantities of P were evaluated to determine if increased leaf P concentrations could be Phosphorus Effects on Growth, Yield, achieved, and correlated with improved and Fruit Quality of Pecan growth, yield, or fruit quality. Materials and Methods Michael W. Smith1, Becky Cheary2, and Becky Carroll2 Our study, located at the Pecan Research Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Oklahoma State Station near Sparks, Okla., was initiated in University, Stillwater, OK 74078 1985 on 35-year-old ‘Patrick’ and ‘Hayes’ pecan trees. Trees were thinned to 22/ha in Additional index words. Carya illinoinensis, cold injury, leaf analysis 1984, leaving wide aisles for interplanting Abstract. March vs. October N applications in factorial combination with two P rates were young pecan trees. This wide spacing served evaluated on two pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch] cultivars. Leaf N as a border between treatments. The soil was a concentrations were not affected by N application time. However, yield of ‘Hayes’ was port silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, thermic; increased during 4 of 7 years and cumulative yield was increased 37% when N was applied Cumulic Haplustoll; Mollisols). Management during October compared to March. Yield of ‘Patrick’ and individual nut weight and included a closely mowed grass sod with 2-m- kernel percentage of ‘Hayes’ and ‘Patrick’ were not affected by N application time. wide, weed-free strips on each side of the tree, Phosphorus application increased leaf P concentration 5 of 7 years during the study.
    [Show full text]
  • PRE Evaluation Report for Pyrus Calleryana 'Bradford'
    PRE Evaluation Report -- Pyrus calleryana 'Bradford' Plant Risk Evaluator -- PRE™ Evaluation Report Pyrus calleryana 'Bradford' -- Illinois 2017 Farm Bill PRE Project PRE Score: 17 -- Reject (high risk of invasiveness) Confidence: 74 / 100 Questions answered: 19 of 20 -- Valid (80% or more questions answered) Privacy: Public Status: Completed Evaluation Date: August 23, 2017 This PDF was created on June 20, 2018 Page 1/19 PRE Evaluation Report -- Pyrus calleryana 'Bradford' Plant Evaluated Pyrus calleryana 'Bradford' Image by David Stephens, Bugwood.org Page 2/19 PRE Evaluation Report -- Pyrus calleryana 'Bradford' Evaluation Overview A PRE™ screener conducted a literature review for this plant (Pyrus calleryana 'Bradford') in an effort to understand the invasive history, reproductive strategies, and the impact, if any, on the region's native plants and animals. This research reflects the data available at the time this evaluation was conducted. General Information Status: Completed Screener: Emily Russell Evaluation Date: August 23, 2017 Plant Information Plant: Pyrus calleryana 'Bradford' If the plant is a cultivar, how does its behavior differs from its parent's? 'Bradford' was the first selection of Pyrus calleryana to become commercially available in the United States in 1962. 'Bradford' was selected at the USDA Plant Introduction Station in Glenn Dale, Maryland. The crown is pyramidal with densely packed branches which are prone to structural problems and breakage, more so than later cultivars. 'Bradford', however, is the most fireblight-resistant cultivar. It is thornless, unlike the species, but is often grafted onto seedling rootstock in the nursery trade. It is self- incompatible but does produce fertile fruit after pollination by other cultivars.
    [Show full text]
  • Pyrus Calleryana ‘Aristocrat’ (Callery Pear)
    FEATURED TREE Pyrus calleryana ‘Aristocrat’ (Callery Pear) Notes Prune trees early in their life to space lateral branches along a central trunk, otherwise not a lot of pruning required to develop good structure. Only buy trees with well-spaced branches. Tree will require periodic crown lifting to maintain clearances. Fruit are persistent on tree with no significant litter problem. Origin A cultivated variety Habit Medium deciduous tree with an oval to pyramidal form. Mature height of about 10-12m x 7-10m wide. Description Dense crown of foliage. Leaves are dark green glossy, simple, ovate with undulating margins, alternating on thornless branches, turning red in autumn. Thin, grey-black bark, which can be damaged by mechanical impact. Flowers are pure white and profuse in spring followed by small, pea-sized, red/brown fruits. Tolerances Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions including both slightly alkaline and acid soils. Tolerant of drought, poorly drained soils, compaction and air pollution. Grows well in limited soil space in urban areas. Transplants easily. Uses & management ‘Aristocrat’ pear is very susceptible to fire blight (Not an immediate concern in Australia). Trees can be infested with aphids and scale. Borers can attack damaged areas. Good street tree, car parks, pavement cut outs other restricted soil spaces. Reference Gilman, E. F., (1997), Trees for Urban and Suburban Landscapes, Delmar. http://hort.ufl.edu/trees/PYRCALA.pdf Northern trees; as seen at http://orb2.at.ufl.edu/TREESServlet?command=getNorthernTree&classoid=4840 Fleming’s Nurseries, Pty, Ltd, Monbulk, Australia. Featured Tree© Tree Logic Pty Ltd 2007 Treelogic Pty Ltd Unit 4, 21 Eugene Terrace Ringwood VIC 3134 t 03 9870 7700 f 03 9870 8177 e [email protected] w treelogic.com.au.
    [Show full text]