RANGE EXTENSION OF PURPLE CONE-FLOWER IN SOUTHEASTERN

by B. DE VRIES*

The main references to the Research Station, Agriculture Canada, distribution of the Purple Cone-flower Swift Current (SCS); Fraser Her¬ (.Echinacea angustifolia D.C.) in Saskat¬ barium, University of Saskatchewan, chewan are given in Breitung’s An¬ Saskatoon, Saskatchewan (SASK); notated Catalogue of the Vascular Flora Herbarium, University of Alberta, Ed¬ of Saskatchewan, Budd and Best’s Wild monton, Alberta (ALTA); Herbarium, Plants of the Canadian Prairies, and University of Calgary, Calgary, Boivin’s Flora of the Prairie Provinces, Alberta (UAC); Herbarium, Univer¬ Part III.2 3 1 These sources list the sity of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan Purple Cone-flower as an occasional (USAS); United States National to common indigenous entity of the Museum, Washington, D.C. (US); Her¬ prairie flora on dry river-banks and barium, University of , Win¬ benchlands in southeastern Saskat¬ nipeg, Manitoba (WIN). chewan. The author is grateful to Mrs. G. M. In an endeavor to locate all known Keleher, Department of Botany, collecting stations of this plant species University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, for prior to and after 1957 north of the the loan of voucher material, and to all 49th parallel, the following in¬ other institutions for their helpful in¬ stitutions have been of assistance: formation on Echinacea angustifolia Biosy'stematic Research Institute, collections. The fieldwork was suppor¬ Agriculture Canada, Ottawa (DAO); ted by private funds. National Herbarium of Canada, National Museum of Canada, Ottawa The following is an enumeration of (CAN); Fort Qu’Appelle Herbarium, collecting data: Fort Qu’Appelle, Saskatchewan ONTARIO: / White 59062 (CAN 106685), (FQH); Gray Herbarium, Harvard Brampton, C.P. Railway, July 10, 1902. University, Cambridge, Massachusetts MANITOBA: N. Criddle (CAN 196884), (GH); Museum of Natural History, Aweme, July 30, 1926; H. J. Scoggan Regina, Saskatchewan (MNR); Her¬ 10950 (CAN 224145), Aweme, 15 miles southeast of Brandon, dry prairie, June barium of the New York Botanical 27, 1953; C. W. Lowe (WIN 7970), Garden (NY); Research Station, Baldur, dry prairie August 13, 1941; Agriculture Canada, University Cam¬ Macoun 13927 (CAN 106686, NY 13927), Brandon, dry open prairie, July pus, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan (RAS); 24, 1896; idem 11470 (CAN 106687), Brandon, open prairie, September 11, 1884; J. Fletcher 956 (DAO), Brandon, open prairie, 1895; Budd and Hubbard 2 (SCS), Brandon, July 22, 1946; H. H. Marshall 1 (DAO), Brandon, dry hills, *Fort Ou'Appelle Herbarium, July 28, 1947; G. A. Stevenson 513 P.O. Box 1043, Central Ave., (DAO), Brandon, common on open Fort Ou’Appelle, Saskatchewan. prairie, July 13, 1952; H. J. Scoggan 9724 SOG ISO (WIN 7965, CAN 2100544), east of

220 Blue Jay Brandon Spruce Woods Forest Preserve, , lower part of cliff bordering the sandy soil, July 18, 1951; J. Fletcher valley of the Souris River, July 17, 1951; (DAO), Carberg Plain, prairies, 1896; T. M. Willing 456 (DAO, SASK), south of Askell and Doris Love 6100 (WIN 7971, Estevan, July 11, 1900; J. Looman 651 DAO, GH), 6 miles north of Clearwater (SCS, FQH 3372), Frobisher, August 15, S21 T3 R1 2, dry roadside, July 16. 1953, 1962; D. Lcive and B. Boivin 6353 (WIN W. Marquardt (WIN 7968), Fort Garry 7974) Glen Ewen, dry prairie, July 13, University Campus, Manitoba 1954; B. Boivin, D. Love, and D. Dunbar Agricultural College, July, 1930; J. A. 10294 (DAO), Glen Ewen, Ecorre de la Donaghy (WIN 7967 and 7969), Grund, coulee Souris, 13 juillet 1954; B. Boivin S10 and 1 1 T5 R14, near Grund Church and A. J. Breitung 6602 (DAO), Glen on Balder road, July 28, 1924; H. Groh Ewen, upper part of dry bluff along (DAO), La Riviere, prairies, June 19, Souris River, July 20, 1949; G. F. 1932; H. A. Wallace 449A-280 (DAO), Ledingham and S. Yip 2267 (USAS), 2 Melita, meadow, July 26, 1946; B. Boivin miles south of Glen Ewen, open prairie and A. J. Breitung 6559 (DAO), Melita, slopes above Souris River, July 11, 1956; slightly pastured gravelly natural prairie idem 2307 (USAS), 10 miles southeast of near creek, July 19, 1949; H. J. Scoggan Hirsch, open grassy slopes above Souris 9759 (CAN 210546), Melita, in south¬ River, August 1 1, 1956; H. Morrison 68- west corner of province, grassy prairie, 361 (SASK), Lower Big Muddy Valley, July 20, 1951; idem 11073 (WIN 7964), SI T2 R22 W2, dry hillside, fairly com¬ Melita, rolling prairie, July 2, 1953 mon, July 30, 1968; B. Boivin and W. G. (CAN 224146); D. Love and B. Boivin Dore 7943 (WIN 7973, DAO, NY, SCS, 6340 (WIN 7966), Melita, dry prairie, UAC), south of Macoun, dry south-facing July 12, 1954; Askell and Doris Love embankment of the valley of the Souris 6018 (WIN 7972, US 2131877, DAO, River, July 16, 1951; H. Groh (DAO), GH, SASK), 1 mile west of Ninette, S13 Oxbow, prairies, June 27, 1932; W. G. T5 R1 7, prairie, July 14, 1953; GPrard de Dore and A. J. Breitung 12594 (DAO), Ruyck (DAO), Rock Lake, Coulee Pem¬ Oxbow, natural prairie on slope of Souris bina, Lacs du Plate-COte, 1 6 Juillet 1947; River Valley, rays absent, disk florets ab¬ C. Cranston 76 (DAO) 1-1/2 mile south normal, August 14, 1950; idem 12595 of Shilo on Trail (DAO), Oxbow, abundant on grassy MacDonald District, fire-guard, sandy slopes of Souris River Valley, rays lilac, soil, shade absent, stems quite prickly, August 14, 1950; B. Boivin and W. G. August 23, 1950; B. Boivin and W. G. Dore 8048 (DAO), Oxbow, dry south¬ Dore 8255 (WIN 7963, DAO, NY, SCS, facing slope of escarpment bordering the SASK, ALTA, USAS), 2 miles west of valley of the Souris River, July 19, 1951; Shilo, Macdonald District, sandy soil, J. B. Campbell (SCS), Roche Percee, July July 24, 1951; J. M. Walker 5337 (WIN 31, 1945; B. Boivin and W. G. Dore 8013 20119), Shilo, prairie, August 1968; (DAO, SASK), Roche Percee, lower part Thos. L. Walker (DAO), Souris County, of rockslide below sandstone cliff bor¬ July 1, 1889; H. J. Scoggan 9745 (CAN dering the valley of the Souris River, July 210545), Souris River, north of Minto, 17, 1951; B. de Vries 5138 (FQH 3373), prairie, July 18, 1951 (ALTA); M. Hoefs Round Lake, Qu'Appelle Valley, south¬ (WIN 7962), Spruce Hills Forest facing slope, open exposure, August 5, Preserve, open meadow, very dry habitat, 1971; idem 5994 (FQH 0171), Round August 1966; H. J. Scoggan 11410 (CAN Lake, Qu’Appelle Valley, open slopes 224147), Wawanesa, 20 miles southeast between Grimeau Park and Maple of Brandon, denuded prairie at crest of Grove, July 7, 1974; G. F. Ledingham and slope above Souris River, July 24, 1953. M. D. Fahselt 3601 (USAS), Round Lake, 45 miles northeast of Regina, dry slopes SASKATCHEWAN: B. Boivin 8438 of the Qu’Appelle Valley, August 4, (DAO), 2 milles a Lest d’Alameda, 1963; R. C. Russell (RAS), Round Lake, Riviere de la Montange a 1 ’Original, Stockholm, dry hillside, June 19, 1937; Ecorre de la vallee, 2 aout, 195 1 (SASK): idem S57090 (DAO), Stockholm, near R. Hooper 7135 (FQH 4335), Big Beaver, base of hillside along the Qu’Appelle dry slopes, July 20, 1972; J. L. Bolten Valley, June 19, 1937; E. H. Moss 2508 154 (SASK, MNR, RAS, SCS), , (ALTA), , July 3, 1932; E. dry slopes, July 15, 1938; C. W. Lowe Bourgeau (GH), Saskatchewan, Palliser's (WIN 7975, 7976), Estevan, dry sandy British North American Exploratory Ex¬ soil, July 3, 1939; W. G. Dore and A. J. pedition, 1857-1858. Breitung 12568 (DAO), Estevan, dry slopes badlands along Souris River, August 14, 1950; B. Boivin and W. G. Under study it became apparent that Dore 7982 (DAO, ALTA, USAS), the Purple Cone-flower is well

December, 1975. 33(4) 221 Prairie (Long-headed) Coneflowers. R. E. Gehlert

distributed throughout temperate tributary coulee northwest of Lebret, 5 North America, ranging from Texas miles east of Fort Qu’Appelle, on open north to Colorado and Montana, east slopes. Voucher specimens are to Oklahoma and Minnesota, and oc¬ represented in the Fort Qu’Appelle curs in southern Ontario and Herbarium under De Vries 6989 Manitoba, and as disjunct populations (FOH 0176). in southeastern Saskatchewan. The first record of Echinacea On many field trips over the angustifolia for the prairie provinces is prairies, the author’s attention was based on a collection by Bourgeau focussed on a possible north or west¬ from “Saskatchewan” on Palliser’s ward range extension of this plant British North American Exploratory species. Subsequently a northwestward Expedition, 1857-1858. As only the extension was discovered in the locality, “Saskatchewan”, was in¬ Ou’Appelle Valley in southeastern dicated and both Saskatchewan and Saskatchewan on July 18, 1974. Well Manitoba were then a part of the established populations occur in a Northwest Territories, the geo-

222 Blue Jay graphical location of this collection is the known northern outliers of the very imprecise. The first record of the more widely spread populations in species from Manitoba is based on a southern Saskatchewan. collection by Macoun (No. 1 1470) The present study describes the from Brandon in 1884. distributional pattern of Echinacea The 1937 collection of Echinacea angustifolia in southeastern Saskat¬ angustifolia by Russell, represents a chewan, which to the best knowledge first northward extension in of the author, has not previously southeastern Saskatchewan. His received detailed investigation. The geographic documentation is distribution maps of the original somewhat vague and in all likelihood monograph of the genus Echinacea by he meant an area between the junction McGregor (1968) stopped short of the of Highways 9 and 247 and Birds United States-Canadian border (per¬ Point along the north wall of the sonal communication. Harms, 1974), Qu’Appelle Valley near Round Lake, and only one Saskatchewan (Estevan, where subsequent collections of this Dore and Breitung 12568) and two plant species have been made. Manitoba (Ninette, A. & D. Love 6018\ The unusual disjunction between Brandon, J. Macoun 13927) specimens stations in southern Saskatchewan and were cited in the text. the Qu’Appelle Valley, a direct line of approximate 150 km (90 miles), warrants consideration. The occurren¬ 'BOIVIN, B. 1972. Flora of the Prairie Provinces, a ces in southern Saskatchewan, from handbook to the flora of the provinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, Part ///. Carnduff to Estevan, are in contiguity Provancheria 4, Memoires de 1‘Herbier Louis along Highway 18 and indicate clearly Marie, Faculte d’Agriculture, Universite Laval, and Department of Agriculture, Ottawa 1-224. that Echinacea angustifolia is in¬ 2BREITUNG, A. J. 1957. Annotated catalogue of digenous to the mixed prairie (Stipa- the vascular flora of Saskatchewan. American Bouteloua) association. Big Beaver in Midland Naturalist 58: 1-72. the Lower Big Muddy Valley is 'BUDD, A. C. and K. F. BEST. 1964. Wild Plants of the Canadian prairies. Canada Department of presently the known western limit. The Agriculture, p. 1 -519. two localities in the Qu’Appelle ^McGREGOR, R. L. 1968. The taxonomy of the Valley, on the other hand, occur in the genus Echinacea Compositae, University of Kan¬ Aspen Grove formation of sas Science Bulletin, Vol. 48: 1 13-370. southeastern Saskatchewan, and are SCOGGAN, H. J. 1957. Flora of Manitoba. National Museum of Canada Bulletin No. 140, part of the Stipa-Bouteloua-Agropyron p. 1-619. faciation with close affinity to xeric loam of open slopes. They appear to be

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Hoar frost on barbed wire. J. B. Gollop

* * * * * Next two pages: Purple Lesser Fritillaries on Goldenrod. Fred Lahrman

December, 1975. 33(4) 223