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(Neonicotinoids) Against the Aphid Aphis Gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Zucchini and Cucumber Plants

(Neonicotinoids) Against the Aphid Aphis Gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Zucchini and Cucumber Plants

Egypt. J. Plant Prot. Res. Inst. (2020), 3 (3): 888 - 895

Egyptian Journal of Plant Protection Research Institute www.ejppri.eg.net

Comparative of different formulations for some compounds () against the (: ) on zucchini and cucumber plants

El Masry, T. Atef1; Ahmed, Abdel-Hakim Barrania1 and Mohamed, F.M. Zawrah2 ¹Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Etay El-Baroud Agricultural Research Station, Egypt. ²Department of Applied Entomology, Faculty of Desert and Environmental , Matrouh University, Fuka, Egypt. ARTICLE INFO Abstract: Article History The aphid Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Received: 13/ 7/2020 Aphididae) is a polyphagous aphid found on more than 900 Accepted: 27/ 8 /2020 plant . It is distributed throughout the world but prefers ______the warmer regions. It has been a in different locations in Keywords Egypt, particularly affecting vegetables. The present work Formulations, was conducted in two field experiments in Etay-El-Baroud, neonicotinoids, , Agricultural Research Station, Beheira Governorate, during zucchini, cucumber and 2019 and 2020 seasons to evaluate the efficiency of some Egypt. different formulations of against

the aphid A.gossypii on zucchini and cucumber plants. The

results showed that a decrease in the number of aphids in all

treatments, insecticides that caused a significant decrease

compared to the control. General mean of % reduction aphid

number were 91.75, 90.79 and 88.10%, for ,

acetamiprid and , respectively, at 2019, while

were 91.94, 90.65 and 88.97%, respectively, at 2020 season

on zucchini fields. On cucumber field general mean of %

reduction was 91.94, 90.65 and 88.97%, for imidacloprid,

acetamiprid and thiamethoxam, respectively, at 2019, while

were 91.03, 92.71 and 92.36%, respectively, at 2020 season.

The results confirmed the presence of small significant

differences between the formulations of imidacloprid,

acetamiprid and thiamethoxam, and while all formulations

indicated a significant decrease in the number of aphids in

zucchini and cucumber plants compared to control during the

two seasons. Introduction The Cucurbitaceae family commodities. The most important are possesses economically important used as food and industrial (El- species including cucumber, melon, Adawy and Taha, 2001; Acquaah, 2005 , calabash, squash, and and Practices and Leffingwell, 2015). pumpkin. Many hundreds of varieties Zucchini ( pepo L.) is one of and cultivars of these are grown around the most popular vegetable crops for the world and are major agricultural human nutrition, not only in Egypt. It is 888

El Masry et al., 2020 cultivated in Egypt all over the year, neonicotinoid can be useful for a wide outdoor in summer and indoor either in range of application techniques, green houses or in tunnels in winter including foliar, seed treatment, soil (Seleim et al., 2015). It is good source drench and stem application. of minerals like iron, manganese, Neonicotinoids, a new class of phosphorus, zinc and potassium in insecticides, act preferably on addition to its content of antioxidant nicotinic acetylcholine receptors vitamin-C and A (Abd El-Wareth and (nAChRs) as their agonists (Elbert et Ahmed, 2017). Cucumber one of the al., 1998 and Viera et al., 2019). These most important crops in Egypt and selective insecticides are worldwide and during its growth stages environmentally friendly (Yeh et al., is threatened by several pests including 1997), and have quick knock down aphids which lead to deleterious effects effect on target pest by interfering with growth, yield (Shams El Din et al., transmission of impulse in the nerve 2012). system. Neonicotinoid application Aphis gossypii Glover reduces infection rate and spread of (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is a major pest many (Westwood et al., of Cucurbitaceae production, often 1998; Bethke et al., 2001 and Elzen, causing yellowing, curling, plant 2001). Neonicotinoid insecticides wilting and stunting. The danger of represent the fastest-growing class of aphids is not only the direct damage insecticides introduced to the market through sucking the sap from the since the launch of (Nauen and stems, but also the indirect damage and Bretschneider, 2002). Because of caused either by viruses transmission or their physicochemical properties, by exuding which induce neonicotinoid can be useful for a wide sooty mold growth on the greenish part range of application techniques, of the plants (Abdu-Allah and Hashem, including foliar, seed treatment, soil 2017).This damage causes a high loss drench and stem application. of yield, so controlling aphids in crops In the short term, the intensive is very important. Insecticides are one and careless use of insecticides has of the most effective traditional tools produced biological imbalance and that have been usually applied by increased environmental contamination farmers to control aphids. Although, (Schiess et al., 2017). The purpose of there are many advantages of these formulating active ingredients insecticides in controlling aphids for crop protection is to uniformly (Casida and Durkin, 2013 and Xiaohua spread a small amount of an active et al., 2020). chemical over a large area and ensure with insecticides is safety in during application and to widely used in the world to avoid pest optimize pesticide efficacy (Hazra and damage to crops (Schiess et al., 2017). Purkait, 2019). are available In recent years, selective insecticides, in various formulations may be created like neonicotinoids because insect pests according to the standard of the product became resistant to the most of for any of the purposes such as to conventional insecticides. achieve effects that cannot be obtained Neonicotinoids represent the fastest- from its components when these are growing class of insecticides introduced used singly, achieve a higher degree of to the market since the launch of effectiveness, facilitate any potential pyrethroids (Nauen and Bretschneider, synergistic action of their components, 2002). Because of their and improve handling properties and physicochemical properties, often safety for the user. Consequently,

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Egypt. J. Plant Prot. Res. Inst. (2020), 3 (3): 888 - 895

the competently designed formulations plot by one meter to reduce interference for particular applications are safer, from another treatment drift. Motor more effective and more economical sprayer with used to spray the tested than any of their components used pesticides with the recommended dose. singly (Sarwar, 2015). For counting the numbers of aphid, A. Therefore, two field experiments gossypii, samples of 25 leaves were were carried out in Etay-El-Baroud, collected at random in the morning for Agricultural Research Station, Beheira both diagonals of the inner square area Governorate, during 2019 and 2020 of each experimental plot. Reduction seasons to evaluate the efficiency of percentages of numbers were calculated some different formulations of according to Henderson and Tilton neonicotinoid insecticides against the equation (1955) and subjected to aphid A. gossypii on zucchini and analysis of variance (ANOVA) (CoStat cucumber plants in field. Statistical Software, 1998). Materials and methods Results and discussion 1. Used Insecticides: Results presented in Tables (1 Imidacloprid (ImiDOR 35%SC), and 2 ) showed that the reduction (JOUN 70%WG) and ( percentages of aphids on zucchini 70%WG). plants after one, seven and ten days of Acetamiprid (CETAM 20%EC), (Kera treatment by some neonicotinoid 20%WP) and (Mospilan 20%SP). formulations of imidacloprid (ImiDOR Thiamethoxam (Actara 25%WG), (Lex- 35% SC, JOUN 70%WG and Canopus Extra 25%WDG) and (Golden Horse 70%WG), acetamiprid (CETAM 20% 25%WDG). EC, Kera 20%WP and Mospilan 20% 2. The field trials: SP) and thiamethoxam (Actara 25%WG The field trials were carried out in and Lex-Extra 25% WDG) during 2019 zucchini and cucumber plants in field at and 2020 seasons. General mean of % Etay-El-Baroud Agricultural Research reduction was 92.09, 90.73 and 87.79 station, Beheira Governorate, during %, for imidacloprid, acetamiprid and 2019 and 2020 summer seasons. thiamethoxam, respectively, at 2019, Experimental site was divided into while were 91.81, 90.67 and 88.97%, 20×4 plots, each plot 1/100 feddan respectively, at 2020 season. The (42m²). Randomized complete blocks results showed a decrease in the number design was used with four replicates for of aphids in all treatments, insecticides each treatment with the control plots. that caused a significant decrease Every plot was separated from the other compared to the control. Table (1): Reduction percentages of the aphid Aphis gossypii on zucchini plants treated with different formulations of neonicotinoids at season 2019. Common Formulations Rate/200L/ % Reduction after treatment (day) General Name feddan 1 7 10 Mean mean ImiDOR 35% SC 40ml 90.10 93.10 93.80 92.33a 92.09 a Imidacloprid JOUN 70%WG 60gm 90.10 93.20 94.00 92.43a Canopus70%WG 35gm 89.20 92.30 93.00 91.50a CETAM 20%EC 100ml 88.80 92.30 92.70 91.26a 90.73 ab Acetamiprid Kera 20%WP 50gm 89.20 91.60 92.00 90.93a Mospilan 20%SP 50gm 89.70 90.30 90,60 90.00a Actara 25%WG 60gm 88.80 92.20 92.50 91.16a 87.79 b Thiamethoxam Lex-Extra 25%WDG 40gm 87.20 88.30 88.70 88.06ab GoldenHorse 25%WDG 80gm 73.90 84.40 94.10 84.13b LSD 0.05 5.07 3.93 Means within the same column followed by the same letters are not significantly different according to the LSD0.05. 890

El Masry et al., 2020 Table (2): Reduction percentages of the aphid Aphis gossypii on zucchini plants treated with different formulations of neonicotinoids at season 2020. Common Name Formulations Rate/200L % Reduction after treatment (day) General /feddan 1 7 10 Mean mean ImiDOR 35% SC 40ml 89.90 91.90 92.10 91.30a 91.81a Imidacloprid JOUN 70%WG 60gm 90.20 93.30 93.30 92.27a Canopus70%WG 35gm 89.80 92.90 92.90 91.87a CETAM 20%EC 100ml 89.10 92.20 93.10 91.47a 90.67a Acetamiprid Kera 20%WP 50gm 89.30 91.20 91.90 90.80ab Mospilan 20%SP 50gm 88.00 90.80 90,40 89.73abc Actara 25%WG 60gm 91.16 91.80 92.50 91.82a 88.97a Thiamethoxam Lex-Extra 25%WDG 40gm 83.40 84.10 93.10 86.87c GoldenHorse 25%WDG 80gm 87.90 88.50 88.30 88.23bc LSD 0.05 2.91 3.61

Means within the same column followed by the same letters are not significantly different according to the LSD0.05. Results presented in Tables (3 SP) and thiamethoxam (Actara 25%WG and 4 ) showed the reduction and Lex-Extra 25% WDG) during 2019 percentages of aphids on cucumber and 2020 seasons. General mean of % plants after one, seven and ten days of reduction was 92.21, 92.73 and 92.40%, treatment by some neonicotinoid for imidacloprid, acetamiprid and formulations of imidacloprid (ImiDOR thiamethoxam, respectively, at 2019, 35% SC, JOUN 70%WG and Canopus while were 91.93, 92.46 and 92.13%, 70%WG), acetamiprid (CETAM 20% respectively, at 2020 season. EC, Kera 20%WP and Mospilan 20% Table (3): Reduction percentages of the aphid Aphis gossypii on cucumber plants treated with different formulations of neonicotinoids at season 2019. Common Name Formulations Rate/200L % Reduction after treatment (day) General /feddan 1 7 10 Mean mean ImiDOR 35% SC 40ml 91.90 92.10 92.40 92.13c 92.21a Imidacloprid JOUN 70%WG 60gm 90.70 92.80 93.20 92.63bc Canopus70%WG 35gm 91.20 92.00 92.40 91.87c CETAM 20%EC 100ml 92.00 92.00 92.80 92.26bc 92.73a Acetamiprid Kera 20%WP 50gm 92.70 92.80 93.20 92.90ab Mospilan 20%SP 50gm 92.10 93.40 93.60 93.03a Actara 25%WG 60gm 92.60 92.60 93.30 92.83ab 92.40a Thiamethoxam Lex-Extra 25%WDG 40gm 92.00 92.50 92.90 92.47abc GoldenHorse 25%WDG 80gm 91.20 92.10 92.40 91.90c LSD 0.05 0.68 1.03

Means within the same column followed by the same letters are not significantly different according to the LSD0.05. Table (4): Reduction percentages of the aphid Aphis gossypii on cucumber plants treated with different formulations of neonicotinoids at season 2020. Common Name Formulations Rate/200L % Reduction after treatment (day) General /feddan 1 7 10 Mean mean ImiDOR 35% SC 40ml 92.00 92.60 93.40 92.67a 91.93a Imidacloprid JOUN 70%WG 60gm 90.70 92.00 92.40 91.70bc Canopus70%WG 35gm 90.80 91.70 91.80 91.43c CETAM 20%EC 100ml 91.80 92.90 93.50 92.73a 92.46a Acetamiprid Kera 20%WP 50gm 91.90 92.40 92.80 92.37a Mospilan 20%SP 50gm 91.70 92.50 92.70 92.30ab Actara 25%WG 60gm 92.40 92.30 93.20 92.63a 92.13a Thiamethoxam Lex-Extra 25%WDG 40gm 91.90 92.20 93.00 92.36a GoldenHorse 25%WDG 80gm 90.20 91.10 92.90 91.40c LSD 0.05 0.63 0.70

Means within the same column followed by the same letters are not significantly different according to the LSD0.05.

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Egypt. J. Plant Prot. Res. Inst. (2020), 3 (3): 888 - 895

In family Cucurbitaceae fields, on treated surfaces. Consequently, the pests with sucking mouthparts, competently designed formulations for especially A. gossypii have been the applications are safer, more effective main cause of plant damage, seriously and more economical than any of their influencing zucchini production components used singly. Preftakes et al. (Messing and Klungness, 2002). As (2019) suggested that spray drift was major pests all over the world, aphids reduced by 37% when comparing the not only cause direct damage by SC to the WP formulation. These feeding, but also lead to infection by findings can be used to develop a acting as viral vectors (Brault et al., classification scheme for formulated 2007). The morphological products and tank additives based on characteristics of plants could clearly their potential for reducing spray drift. influence the feeding and spawning The results confirmed the presence behaviors of (Buchman and of small significant differences between Cuddington, 2009 and Legrand and the formulations of imidacloprid, Barbosa, 2014). It has important effects acetamiprid and thiamethoxam, and on the landing and attachment of while all formulations indicated a aphids, and of natural significant decrease in the number of enemies (Dorry and Assad, 2001 and aphids in zucchini and cucumber plants Larson and Whitham, 1997). Leaf hairs compared to control during the two and thorns have been important anti- seasons. aphid characteristics of plants, thereby References making them fly away because of lack Abd El-Wareth, H. M. and Ahmed, of food (Harris and Bradley, 1973). H. M. H. (2017): aphid Chemical pesticides have been long (Aphis gossypii Glover) and green widely used as an effective approach peach aphid ( persicae for preventing aphid infestation (Ayala Sulzer) efficiency of zucchini et al., 1996). However, the yellow mosaic accumulation of pesticide residue due (ZYMV) transmission on squash to overuse of chemical pesticide has plants At Fayoum Governorate. become a major issue (Wu, 2005). The Egypt. Acad. J. Biolog. Sci. (G. present results are agreement with those Microbiolog), 9 (2): 21- 29. obtained by Chen et al., 2007; Subhash Abdu-Allah, G. A. M. and Hashem, et al., 2017 ; Roditakis et al., 2017 and M. M. (2017): Efficiency and Wang et al., 2017. They found that, side effects of three neonicotinoid neonicotinoids were very toxic to insecticides used as faba bean sucking pests compared by seed treatments for controlling conventional insecticides. Sarwar cowpea aphid. Egyptian Scientific (2015) reported that, an Journal of Pesticides, 3(3): 20-27. formulation can be principally a Acquaah G. (2005): Horticulture: wettable powder (WP), soluble powder Principles and Practices. 3rd ed. (SP), water-dispersible granules Pearson Education Inc. New (WDG), water soluble (WS) or Jersey. emulsifiable concentrate (EC). These Ayala, J.; Perez, S. R. C. ; Ortiz, A. formulations are relatively easy to and Juanche, J. (1996): handle, transport, store, little agitation Chemical control of Myzus is required, do not settle out or separate persicae (Sulz.) and Aphis fabae when equipment is running, non- (Scop.) (Homomptera:Aphididae) abrasive, cannot plug screens or in with insecticides nozzles, and leaves little visible residue applied in sowing time and foliar

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