DOCSLIB.ORG

Middle East Telecommunications Update

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Middle East Telecommunications Update Middle East Telecommunications Update This note summarises recent announcements from the telecommunications regulators and other telecommunications news outlets in Bahrain, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia. Where appropriate, content from the relevant announcements has been incorporated into the text below. 1. General International Telecommunication Regulations Renegotiated in Dubai In December 2012, thousands of delegates re-negotiated the International Telecommunication Regulations at the Dubai World Trade Centre. This treaty is binding on 178 countries around the world and sets out principles for ensuring the free flow of information around the world. The conference was convened by the International Telecommunication Union, the United Nations specialised agency for information and communication technologies, and the revisions agreed include increased transparency in international mobile roaming charges and a greater focus on assisting developing countries and promoting accessibility to persons with disabilities. See http://www.itu.int/net/pressoffice/press_releases/2012/92.aspx. Telecoms Revenues in the Middle East and North Africa are Predicted to Rise The consulting firm Analysys Mason has issued a report predicting that telecoms revenues in the Middle East and North Africa are set to grow by 27% between 2012 and 2017 at a compound annual growth rate of 5%. Mobile data services are predicted to be the fastest growth area, and 3G is expected to be the dominant network technology despite an increase in 4G connections. See http://www.fiercetelecom.com/press-releases/telecoms-revenue-middle-east-and-north- africa-will-grow-27-usd964-billion-n. 2. Bahrain Regulator Prepares to License High-speed Telecommunications Networks in Bahrain In December 2012 the Telecommunications Regulatory Authority in Bahrain (TRA-B) announced the timeline for auctioning high-speed frequency bands for the delivery of mobile telecoms services. The invitation to tender for operating licences is due to be issued on 24 January 2013, and the 4G awards are expected to be finalised in the first quarter of 2013. See http://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2013/01/14/4g-tender- deadlines-approaching/index.html. 3. Qatar Regulator to Introduce Mobile Number Portability by the End of January 2013 Qatar’s telecoms regulator ictQatar is expected to introduce mobile number portability by the end of January 2013 in a move that is expected to liberalise the telecommunications sector and increase competition. See http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/01/10/qatar-telecoms-mobile- idUSL5E9CA9K020130110. Update on Qatar’s State-funded IT and Communications Infrastructure The Qatari English-language newspaper The Peninsula has published an update on Qatar’s IT and communications infrastructure, further to the aim of achieving nationwide high-speed broadband by 2015. A communications satellite is due to be launched in 2013, and alongside other projects this will be used to expand the range of coverage across the country. See http://thepeninsulaqatar.com/latest-news/218055-qatar-national-day-strong-infrastructure-for- information-technology-and-communications.html. 4. United Arab Emirates New Royalty Rates for Telecoms Operators Introduced in the United Arab Emirates The UAE government has set new royalty rates for telecoms operators under their licence agreements with the government that may see them face higher tax bills. This is thought to have been introduced in response to a slump in profits at telecoms companies and as a method of protecting state revenues. See http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/12/10/emirates-telecoms-royalties- idUSL5E8NA1U420121210. 5. Saudi Arabia Mobily Awards 3G and 4G Contracts Totalling US$256 Million Saudi Arabia’s telecoms operator Mobily has awarded contracts totalling US$256 million to execute and upgrade its 3G and 4G networks, including to the operators Ericsson and Huawei. See http://www.ameinfo.com/mobily-agrees-ericsson-huawei-upgrade-network-325506. Disclaimer: Middle East & Africa Technology, IP and Sourcing Focus is made available by Latham & Watkins for educational purposes only as well as to give you general information and a general understanding of the law, not to provide specific legal advice. Your receipt of this communication alone creates no attorney client relationship between you and Latham & Watkins. Middle East & Africa Technology, IP and Sourcing Focus should not be used as a substitute for competent legal advice from a licensed professional attorney in your jurisdiction. CONTACT Justin Cornish Alice Marsden Brian Meenagh +971.4.704.6461 +971.2.813.4831 +971.2.813.4844 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] www.lw.com .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Capital Markets Day 2020 Presentation
    Etisalat Group February 19st, 2020 Capital Jumeirah Saadiyat, Abu Dhabi Markets 2020 Day DISCLAIMER Emirates Telecommunications Group Company PJSC and its subsidiaries (“Etisalat Group” or the “Company”) have prepared this presentation (“Presentation”) in good faith, however, no warranty or representation, express or implied is made as to the adequacy, correctness, completeness or accuracy of any numbers, statements, opinions or estimates, or other information contained in this Presentation. The information contained in this Presentation is an overview, and should not be considered as the giving of investment advice by the Company or any of its shareholders, directors, officers, agents, employees or advisers. Each party to whom this Presentation is made available must make its own independent assessment of the Company after making such investigations and taking such advice as may be deemed necessary. Where this Presentation contains summaries of documents, those summaries should not be relied upon and the actual documentation must be referred to for its full effect. This Presentation includes certain “forward-looking statements”. Such forward looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks of uncertainties. Actual results may differ materially from these forward looking statements. Business Overview Saleh Al-Abdooli Chief Executive Officer Etisalat Group Etisalat Group Serkan Okandan Financial Results Chief Financial Officer Etisalat Group Etisalat Group Hatem Dowidar International Chief Executive Officer
    [Show full text]
  • 01-English Annual Report-V19.Indd
    Annual Report 2012 Custodian of The Two Holy Mosques King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz Al - Saud His Royal Highness Prince Salman bin Abdulaziz Al-Saud Crown Prince & First Deputy Prime Minister & Minister of Defense Contents Background & Introduction 01 Favourable Outlook for Future Growth 02 Our Vision, Mission and Objectives 03 Board of Directors and Executive Management 04 Financial Highlights 06 Milestones in Mobily’s History 07 Chairman’s Report 09 Managing Director’s Review 12 Management Review 15 Operations & Technology 16 Strategic Innovation 18 Customers 19 Sales & Marketing 20 Human Resource 21 Financial 22 Awards 23 Risk Management 24 CSR 24 Corporate Information 25 Financial Statements’ Index 26 Auditors’ Report 27 Consolidated Balance Sheet 28 Consolidated Statement of Income 29 Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows 30 Consolidated Statement of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity 31 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 32 Background and introduction Etihad Etisalat Company (Mobily), is a Saudi joint stock Limited, incorporated in Bangalore, India, which began company, incorporated pursuant to the Council of Ministers’ commercial activities during 2008. In early 2009, the resolution number 189 of August 10, 2004 and Royal Decree remaining 0.01 percent of the subsidiary’s share capital number M/40 dated August 18, 2004. Mobily is registered in was acquired by National Company for Business Solutions, Riyadh under commercial registration number 1010203896 a subsidiary company. dated December 14, 2004. During 2008, the Company acquired 99 percent of The Company is the second authorised provider of mobile the partners’ shares in Bayanat Al-Oula for Network telecommunication services in Saudi Arabia, having begun Services Company, a Saudi limited liability company.
    [Show full text]
  • Telecoms in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia — an Overview
    CLIENT PUBLICATION CLIENT PUBLICATION TECHNOLOGY, MEDIA, & TELECOMMUNICATIONS | SEPTEMBER 2016 Telecoms in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia — An Overview Sector Profile The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has the largest information communication and technology market in the Middle East by both capital volume and spending.1 It is dominated by the Saudi Telecom Company (“STC”), Mobily and Zain, though new entrants to the market in the form of Mobile Virtual Network Operators (“MVNOs”) have begun to create additional competition. With 53 million subscribers to mobile phone services and a penetration rate of approximately 165%,2 competition in the industry is already fierce, but the demand for services is growing. It is a market quickly becoming one of the most coveted by local and international companies. In consideration of this, we outline in this article the Government entities, regulators and legal framework that underpin the sector and observe how the sector has been liberalised and is continuing to grow. Who are the Key Government Entities and Regulators? Ministry of Communications and Information Technology The Ministry of Communications and Information Technology is the Government body that oversees all information and communication technology in the Kingdom. It is responsible for planning and implementing the Government’s policies and strategies for the telecoms sector. Communications and Information Technology Commission The Communications and Information Technology Commission (“CITC”) is an independent Government agency with separate legal standing and financial and administrative independence. The CITC is responsible for licensing companies wishing to provide telecom and IT services in the Kingdom and for managing tariffs, content filtering and quality control.
    [Show full text]
  • Etihad Etisalat Co.(Mobily) Result Flash Note Q3-20
    October 2020 Etihad Etisalat Co.(Mobily) Result Flash Note Q3-20 Etihad Etisalat Co. (Mobily)’s net profit jumped to SAR 222mn in Q3-20 from SAR 51mn in Q3-19, beating our and consensus estimates of SAR 188mn and SAR 190mn, Neutral respectively. The deviation of the bottom line from our estimate was primarily attributed to higher GP Margin and lower zakat expenses. Revenue for the quarter fell 1.4% Y/Y Target Price (SAR) 27.5 to SAR 3.4bn due to the adverse impact of restrictions on the number of Hajj pilgrims to Upside / (Downside)* -13.5% contain the spread of COVID-19, coupled with the decrease in mobile termination rates. Source: Tadawul *prices as of 21th of October 2020 We maintain our TP of SAR 27.5/share on the stock with a “Neutral” rating. Key Financials (in SAR mn, unless • Mobily posted net profit of SAR 222mn in Q3-20 compared with SAR 51mn in Q3- specified) FY19 FY20E FY21E 19. Variance in net income from our estimate was mainly ascribed to the significant Revenue 13,450 13,993 15,138 improvement in gross margin, despite the decline in revenue, and lower-than-expected Growth % 13.4% 4.0% 8.2% Net Profit 31 621 746 zakat expenses. Finance costs significantly decreased by 35.1% Y/Y to SAR 134mn Growth % NM NM 20.2 (in line with our estimate), owing to refinancing of a major portion of Mobily’s debt and EPS 0.04 0.81 0.97 reduction in interest rates. Source: Company reports, Aljazira Capital,*Not Meaningful • Revenue declined 1.4% Y/Y to SAR 3,355mn, below our estimate of SAR 3,610mn.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 2019 a World Without Limits
    A WORLD WITHOUT LIMITS ANNUAL REPORT 2019 TABLE OF CONTENTS 01. Key Highlights of 2019 05 15. Saudi Arabia 49 02. Business Snapshot 07 16. Egypt 51 03. Chairman’s Statement 08 17. Morocco 53 04. Board of Directors 10 18. Pakistan 57 05. Etisalat’s Journey 14 19. Afghanistan 60 06. Group CEO’s Statement 16 14. E-Vision 61 07. Management Team 18 20. Etisalat Services Holding 62 08. Vision and Strategy 22 21. Human Capital 65 09. Key Events During 2019 29 22. Corporate Social Responsibility 69 10. Operational Highlights 30 23. Corporate Governance 73 11. Brand Highlights 34 24. Enterprise Risk Management 76 12. Etisalat Group’s Footprint 40 25. Financials 81 13. United Arab Emirates 43 26. Notice for General Assembly Meeting 170 3 KEY HIGHLIGHTS OF 2019 EBITDA NET PROFIT REVENUE (BILLION) (BILLION) (BILLION) 52.2 26.4 8.7 AED AED AED CAPEX AGGREGATE DIVIDEND PER (BILLION) SUBSCRIBERS (MILLION) SHARE 80 8.9 149 FILS AED ANNUAL REPORT 2019 4 5 ETISALAT GROUP BUSINESS SNAPSHOT Etisalat Group offers a range of communication services to consum- speed on its 5G standalone network, Etisalat enabled 5G networks ers, businesses, and government segments in multiple regions. Our across several key sites in the UAE. As part of Maroc Telecom’s inter- portfolio of products and services include mobile, fixed broadband, national development strategy and plan to consolidate the group’s TV, voice, carrier services, cloud and security, internet of things, mo- presence in Africa, Maroc Telecom completed the acquisition of Tigo bile money, and other value added services.
    [Show full text]
  • Prepaid Data Roaming Tariff Rate Per Country Operator Charging Pulse Pulse MB Saudi Arabia Mobily 10 Kbs Rs
    Prepaid Data Roaming Tariff Rate Per Country Operator Charging Pulse Pulse MB Saudi Arabia Mobily 10 KBs Rs. 0.1749 Rs. 17.93 UAE Etisalat 10 KBs Rs. 0.1749 Rs. 17.93 Iraq Zain,AsiaCell 10 KBs Rs. 0.1749 Rs. 17.93 UK Vodafone, Everything Everywhere 10 KBs Rs. 0.1749 Rs. 17.93 Turkey Vodafone 10 KBs Rs. 0.1749 Rs. 17.93 USA T-Mobile 10 KBs Rs. 0.1749 Rs. 17.93 Australia Vodafone 10 KBs Rs. 0.1749 Rs. 17.93 Italy Vodafone 10 KBs Rs. 0.1749 Rs. 17.93 Egypt Vodafone 10 KBs Rs. 0.1749 Rs. 17.93 Spain Orange 10 KBs Rs. 0.1749 Rs. 17.93 NOTE: This offer can be subscribed i. By dialing USSD code *506# from anywhere in the world. There are no subscription charges. ii. By dialing Ufone Customer Helpline 333(In Pakistan) and Ufone IR Help Desk +92 -333-5100038(Outside Pakistan only). Standard Ufone Voice Outgoing Roaming charges apply on calling IR Help Desk. iii. Through Ufone Selfcare App & Ufone Official Website. Subscribing this offer through Ufone Website requires a confirmation SMS reply from customer. Sending this confirmation SMS is free in Pakistan but Standard SMS roaming charges apply when this SMS is sent outside Pakistan while on roaming. iv. By visiting your nearest Ufone franchise, Service Centre or OSS (PTCL Joint Shop). No daily or monthly recurring charges. This offer can be un-subscribed by dialing *508#. Per MB charges have been calculated on the basis of 1 MB = 1024 KBs and are also subject to change.
    [Show full text]
  • Network List Addendum
    Network List Addendum IN-SITU PROVIDED SIM CELLULAR NETWORK COVERAGE COUNTRY NETWORK 2G 3G LTE-M NB-IOT COUNTRY NETWORK 2G 3G LTE-M NB-IOT (VULINK, (TUBE, (VULINK) (VULINK) TUBE, WEBCOMM) (VULINK, (TUBE, (VULINK) (VULINK) WEBCOMM) TUBE, WEBCOMM) WEBCOMM) Benin Moov X X Afghanistan TDCA (Roshan) X X Bermuda ONE X X Afghanistan MTN X X Bolivia Viva X X Afghanistan Etisalat X X Bolivia Tigo X X Albania Vodafone X X X Bonaire / Sint Eustatius / Saba Albania Eagle Mobile X X / Curacao / Saint Digicel X X Algeria ATM Mobilis X X X Martin (French part) Algeria Ooredoo X X Bonaire / Sint Mobiland Andorra X X Eustatius / Saba (Andorra) / Curacao / Saint TelCell SX X Angola Unitel X X Martin (French part) Anguilla FLOW X X Bosnia and BH Mobile X X Anguilla Digicel X Herzegovina Antigua and Bosnia and FLOW X X HT-ERONET X X Barbuda Herzegovina Antigua and Bosnia and Digicel X mtel X Barbuda Herzegovina Argentina Claro X X Botswana MTN X X Argentina Personal X X Botswana Orange X X Argentina Movistar X X Brazil TIM X X Armenia Beeline X X Brazil Vivo X X X X Armenia Ucom X X Brazil Claro X X X Aruba Digicel X X British Virgin FLOW X X Islands Australia Optus X CCT - Carribean Australia Telstra X X British Virgin Cellular X X Islands Australia Vodafone X X Telephone Austria A1 X X Brunei UNN X X Darussalam Austria T-Mobile X X X Bulgaria A1 X X X X Austria H3G X X Bulgaria Telenor X X Azerbaijan Azercell X X Bulgaria Vivacom X X Azerbaijan Bakcell X X Burkina Faso Orange X X Bahamas BTC X X Burundi Smart Mobile X X Bahamas Aliv X Cabo Verde CVMOVEL
    [Show full text]
  • Prepaid Roaming Promotional Tariff
    Prepaid Roaming Promotional Tariff Country Live Operators Incoming Call Local Call Call Back to Pakistan Call to Rest of World SMS UAE Etisalat 0.36 85.68 157.08 714.01 71.40 UAE DU 0.36 141.38 269.9 714.01 71.40 Saudi Arabia Mobily/Zain 0.57 0.36 0.36 657.25 71.40 United Kingdom Everything Everywhere ( T Mobile) 0.36 96.21 411.95 823.9 71.40 United Kingdom Telefonica O2 0.36 107.55 429.01 714.01 71.40 United Kingdom Orange/Vodafone 0.36 107.55 179.25 714.01 71.40 Iraq Zain/Asiacell 1.20 1.20 1.20 933.33 11.95 Saudi Arabia STC 0.57 0.36 0.36 657.25 71.40 Incoming, Local and Call Back to Pakistan charges for Saudi Arabia and Iraq are on per second. Incoming Call charges on UAE and UK networks are on per second. Prepaid Roaming Regular Tariff S. No Country Live Operators Incoming Call Local Call Call Back to Pakistan Call to Rest of World SMS 1 Afghanistan TDCA (Roshan)/Etisalat/MTN 93.21 89.63 228.25 657.25 71.40 2 Afghanistan AWCC 107.29 92.62 241.74 755.42 71.40 3 Algeria Wataniya 146.99 59.75 382.40 567.63 71.40 4 Armenia VivaCell 59.75 119.50 470.83 537.75 71.40 5 Australia Vodafone 145.03 126.73 519.12 525.49 71.40 6 Austria Orange 132.31 124.90 400.09 400.09 71.40 7 Bahrain ¨ Batelco 119.50 131.45 418.25 657.25 71.40 8 Bahrain ¨ Viva 209.13 131.45 418.25 657.25 71.40 9 Bangladesh Aktel 89.63 89.63 268.88 322.65 71.40 10 Belgium Belgacom 149.38 119.50 418.25 597.50 71.40 11 Benin Etisalat 93.21 119.50 213.91 537.75 71.40 12 Bulgaria BTC Mobile (Vivatel) 149.38 89.63 542.53 657.25 71.40 13 Canada Telus/Bell 110.84 155.35 213.93 686.37
    [Show full text]
  • Telecoms 150 2020
    Telecoms 150 2020The annual report on the most valuable and strongest telecom brands April 2020 Contents. About Brand Finance 4 Get in Touch 4 Brandirectory.com 6 Brand Finance Group 6 Foreword 8 Brand Value Analysis 10 Regional Analysis 16 Brand Strength Analysis 18 Brand Finance Telecoms Infrastructure 10 20 Sector Reputation Analysis 22 Brand Finance Telecoms 150 (USD m) 24 Definitions 28 Brand Valuation Methodology 30 Market Research Methodology 31 Stakeholder Equity Measures 31 Consulting Services 32 Brand Evaluation Services 33 Communications Services 34 Brand Finance Network 36 brandirectory.com/telecoms Brand Finance Telecoms 150 April 2020 3 About Brand Finance. Brand Finance is the world's leading independent brand valuation consultancy. Request your own We bridge the gap between marketing and finance Brand Value Report Brand Finance was set up in 1996 with the aim of 'bridging the gap between marketing and finance'. For more than A Brand Value Report provides a 20 years, we have helped companies and organisations of all types to connect their brands to the bottom line. complete breakdown of the assumptions, data sources, and calculations used We quantify the financial value of brands We put 5,000 of the world’s biggest brands to the test to arrive at your brand’s value. every year. Ranking brands across all sectors and countries, we publish nearly 100 reports annually. Each report includes expert recommendations for growing brand We offer a unique combination of expertise Insight Our teams have experience across a wide range of value to drive business performance disciplines from marketing and market research, to and offers a cost-effective way to brand strategy and visual identity, to tax and accounting.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report
    00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00: 4years 48 months 1460 days 35040 hour 2102400 minutes 126144000 seconds ANNUAL REPORT 2005 2006 2007 01010110101010101010101010101010000001111010101101010101010101010101010100000011110101011010101010101010101010101000000111101010110101010101010101010101010000001112008 00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:0000:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00: Today we dare to win Tomorrow are countless moments of success ANNUAL REPORT 2008 101010110101010101010101010101010000001111010101101010101010101010110101010101010101010101010000001111010101101010101010101010101010100000011110101011010101010101 00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00: Life is a succession of moments to live each is to succeed 1010101101010101010101010101010100000011110101011010101010101010101101010101010101010101010100000011110101011010101010101010101010101000000111101010110101010101010101011010101010101010101010101000000111101010110101010101010101010101010000001111010101101010101010101010101010100000011110101011010101010101010101010101000000111 00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:0000:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:
    [Show full text]
  • MVNO RFA English
    Request for Applications for licensing a mobile Virtual Network Operator (MVNO) Services in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia hosted with the Mobile Telecommunications Company (MTC) Saudi Arabia "Zain" Issued by CITC on 15/09/1436H; 02/07/2015G Disclaimer: This English version is an approximate translation of the prevailing Arabic RFA document. Table of Content BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................................................... 2 1 DEFINITIONS ......................................................................................................................................... 2 2 GOVERNING LEGISLATION .............................................................................................................. 5 2.1 Telecommunications Statutes ................................................................................................ 5 2.2 Regulatory Framework .............................................................................................................. 6 2.3 Foreign Ownership .................................................................................................................... 6 2.4 Licensing ...................................................................................................................................... 6 2.5 Number Allocation ..................................................................................................................... 6 2.6 Mobile Number Portability ......................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • About Mobily
    ABOUT MOBILY Etihad Etisalat (Mobily) was established in Later that year we acquired an absolute 2004 by a consortium led by Etisalat, the majority stake in Zajil, the leading Saudi UAE-based telecom conglomerate. The internet service provider. Company’s major shareholders are Etisalat Emirates Group (27.45%) and the General Mobily owns 66% of the Saudi National Fiber Organization for Social Insurance (11.85%). Network, one of the world’s largest fber-optic The remaining shares are owned by networks. This allows us to ofer our customers institutional and retail investors. a comprehensive communication infrastructure covering mobile and broadband. As the winning bidder for Saudi Arabia’s second GSM license in 2004, Mobily broke Our network has been established as a joint Saudi Telecom’s monopoly in the wireless collaboration with Bayanat al-Oula and the industry to provide mobile telecommunications Integrated Telecom Company. This is the services nationwide. After a six month Kingdom’s newest fber-optic network, with preparatory phase, we launched commercially access to all major cities, more than 24,000 km in May 2005, acquiring over one million of roads, and covering 99% of the population. subscribers in our frst 90 days of operation. The network has been expanded to connect In 2006, the GSM Association named Mobily to neighboring countries including Yemen, the the fastest growing mobile operator in the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Qatar, Kuwait Middle East and North Africa. The same year, and Jordan. we launched 3.5G services, with 4G services introduced in 2011. Mobily has been listed on Saudi Arabia’s Tadawul stock exchange since 2004 and has a Our growth has been characterized by several share capital of SAR 7,700 million, consisting signifcant strategic acquisitions.
    [Show full text]