THE STORY OF NEW JERSEY HAGAMAN THE UNIVERSITY PUBLISHING COMPANY Examination Copy THE STORY OF NEW JERSEY (1948) A NEW HISTORY OF THE MIDDLE ATLANTIC STATES THE STORY OF NEW JERSEY is for use in the intermediate grades. A thorough story of the Middle Atlantic States is presented; the context is enriohed with illustrations and maps. THE STORY OF NEW JERSEY begins with early Indian Life and continues to present day with glimpses of future growth. Every aspect from mineral resources to vac-| tioning areas are discussed. 160 pages. Vooabulary for 4-5 Grades. List priceJ $1.28 Net price* $ .96 (Single Copy) (5 or more, f.o.b. i ^y., point of shipment) i^c' *"*. ' THE UNIVERSITY PUBLISHING COMPANY Linooln, Nebraska ..T" 3 6047 09044948 8 lererse The Story of New Jersey BY ADALINE P. HAGAMAN Illustrated by MARY ROYT and GEORGE BUCTEL The University Publishing Company LINCOLN NEW YORK DALLAS KANSAS CITY RINGWOOD PUBLIC LIBRARY 145 Skylands Road Ringwood, New Jersey 07456 TABLE OF CONTENTS NEW.JERSEY IN THE EARLY DAYS Before White Men Came ... 5 Indian Furniture and Utensils 19 Indian Tribes in New Jersey 7 Indian Food 20 What the Indians Looked Like 11 Indian Money 24 Indian Clothing 13 What an Indian Boy Did... 26 Indian Homes 16 What Indian Girls Could Do 32 THE WHITE MAN COMES TO NEW JERSEY The Voyage of Henry Hudson 35 The English Take New Dutch Trading Posts 37 Amsterdam 44 The Colony of New The English Settle in New Amsterdam 39 Jersey 47 The Swedes Come to New New Jersey Has New Jersey 42 Owners 50 PIONEER DAYS IN NEW JERSEY Making a New Home 52 Clothing of the Pioneers ... 62 Wickams and Log Cabins . 54 Travelling in Pioneer Days.. 64 Pioneer Furniture 56 Money in Pioneer Days .... 67 What the Pioneers Ate 58 What the Pioneers Did for a How Food Was Kept in Living 69 Winter 60 The Indians and the How Meals Were Cooked . 61 Pioneers 71 COLONIAL LIFE IN MORE SETTLED COMMUNITIES Classes in the New World .. 72 Colonial Furniture 92 Dutch Homes 74 Transportation of the English Homes 78 Colonists 93 Manor Houses 80 Occupations in Colonial New How the Food Was Cooked. 82 Jersey 99 How Houses Were Lighted . 84 Fun in Colonial Days 104 Setting the Table 86 The Indians and the The Clothing of the Colonists 88 Colonists 106 COPYRIGHT, 1948, BY THE UNIVERSITY PUBLISHING COMPANY PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA DA. THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR England and the Colonies Do The Lack of Money 115 NotUnderstandEachOtherl08 War Comes to New Jersey .116 The Growth of New Jersey as a Battleground 118 Manufacturing 110 The First Flag 122 . The Growth of Trade 113 The Colonists Win the War. 124 NEW JERSEY AS A STATE—1775 TO THE PRESENT Public Schools 125 The Growth of Growth in Transportation . 129 Manufacturing 142 Improvements in The Growth of Cities 145 Farming 135 City Problems 146 New Jersey's Minerals 139 The Lenape Indians Today .150 New Jersey as a Vacation The State Emblems 151 State 140 New Jersey in the Future .. 154 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Grateful acknowledgment is made to the following people: Mr. Thomas J. Durell, Assistant Commissioner of Education, State Department of Education, for his inspiration and encouragement at all times; Miss Anne Hoppock, Assistant in Education, Division of Elementary Education, for her invaluable assistance concerning many details; Dr. Dorothy Cross, Archaeological Adviser, New Jersey State Museum, for checking the Indian material and furnishing the map of Indian trails; Miss Rachel Jarrold, Head of the History Department, Trenton State Teachers College, for checking the material concerning colonial days; Dr. Helen R. Shaw, Assistant Professor of History, Trenton State Teachers College, for supplying much material regarding New Jersey as a state, as well as checking the material used; Miss Marie Hoagland, Assistant Librarian, Somerset County Library, for locating and making available many important source materials; Miss Edna Hensel, Hubbard School, Plainfield, New Jersey, for reading the manuscript and making a variety of helpful suggestions; Miss Helen Hageman, Jefferson School, Plainfield, New Jersey, and Mrs. June Strong, Flagtown School, Hillsboro Township, New Jersey, for using this material with children and aiding in appraising it; and to many classroom teachers, librarians, Helping Teachers, and historians for giving assistance. Last, but not least, I wish to mention my youthful nephew, Thomas Carter Hagaman. It was really for him—and for boys and girls like him— that this book was written. In order that vocabulary difficulties might be eliminated, Carter read every word aloud. Then he helped with definitions for the glossary. He was an invaluable co-worker, as well as my chief critic. NEW JERSEY IN EARLY DAYS 1. Before White Men Came WORDS TO REMEMBER dense—very thick. underbrush—small trees and bushes growing under large trees in a forest, marshlands—low, wet land covered with grasses. ID you ever wonder what this country looked D like years ago, before your father, or your grandfather, or his grandfather, or any white man lived here? Of course, there were no cities or towns or farms. There were no houses such as we have now, or even roads. There were forests everywhere. In many places these forests were very dense. They had thick growths of giant trees and tangled underbrush. The southern part of New Jersey was covered with pines and other soft woods. C 5 3 In the forests lived many kinds of birds and ani- mals. There were bears, wolves, and deer. Thou- sands of wild ducks and geese flew over the lakes and marshlands. Many partridges, quail, pigeons, and wild turkeys could be found back in the thickets. Many kinds of fish swam in the rivers. Good hunters and fishermen could find plenty of food. People do not know who first lived in this land. When the white men came, they found only a few thousand Indians scattered here and there. The Indians called New Jersey Scheyechbi (Shay-ik-bi) which means Land Along the Water. Look at your map and see whether you think this was a good name. If you had been living at that time, would you have wanted to live in Scheyechbi? 2. Indian Tribes in New Jersey WORDS TO REMEMBER UNDERBRUSH totem—an animal that stood for a tribe. emblem—something that stands for, or represents, something else, legends—stories that have been passed along for many years. sachem—an Indian ruler sub-tribe—part of a tribe. The Minsi were part of the Lenni Lenape tribe. ERHAPS some Indians used to live where you live P now. You may be going to school over one of their old trails. Years ago, Indians traveled many paths that are your roads and highways today. Did you ever wonder where they were going on these paths? The Indians in Scheyechbi called themselves Len- ape or Lenni Lenape (pronounced Lay'nee Layn- ah'pay) which means Very Original People. They belonged to a larger group named Algonkians. There were three large divisions of the Lenape tribe in New Jersey. The Minsi lived in northern Jersey. Their name meant People of the Stony Ground. The Unamis lived in central Jersey. Their name stood for People Down the River. The Una- lachtigo lived in southern Jersey. Their name meant People Near the Ocean. Each tribe had a totem. This was the emblem of an animal to whose family they felt they belonged. The Minsi had the wolf as their totem. The Unamis had the turtle. The Unalachtigo had the turkey. Perhaps you are wondering why these Indians be- lieved they were of the wolf or the turtle or the turkey family. Many interesting legends have been C 8 3 found about the tribes and their totems. Your teacher or librarian will show you some of them. Indians were great story tellers. They liked to talk about the days long ago when the world was new, and the turtle had carried it on his back. They liked also to tell of the time when their great grandfathers had been shut up in the dark center of the earth, and the wolf had helped them to find the way out. They painted signs of the totem on their houses or used them in picture writing. The Unamis painted the whole turtle, but the Minsi showed just the paw of the wolf. The Unalachtigo drew just the claw of the turkey. The Indians also made records of the history of their tribe. Sometimes these also were painted on bark or cut in stone. Sometimes they were kept on Record Sticks which had special notches cut, burned or painted on them. Each tribe had its own chief or sachem. A chief's C 9 3 son could not be the next chief, because each child belonged to his mother's, not his father's family. The one who was to become the new chief was chosen while the old chief was still living. This new ruler was carefully trained for his duties. The Minsi was the most warlike sub-tribe. Yet the Lenape were usually so peaceful that they were nicknamed "women" by a very powerful tribe called Iroquois, who lived in what is now New York State. The Iroquois lived to the north of Scheyechbi and were the tribe that later captured and scalped many early settlers. They made the Lenape give them presents, just as some gangsters make people pay money today. The Lenape feared and hated the Iroquois. At the same time, they thought they were much better than the Iroquois were. This was because the Lenape believed they were the Original People or first set- tlers in the country.