DOCSLIB.ORG

Polynésie Française

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

OUTRE-MER EUROPÉEN PROFil D’éCOSYSTÈME RÉGIONAL Pacifique Polynésie Française Wallis et Futuna Polynésie Française Pitcairn Nouvelle Calédonie Ce document a été réalisé dans le cadre du projet «Mesures de soutien à l’Action préparatoire BEST pour promouvoir la conservation et l’utilisation durable des services écosystémiques et la biodiversité dans les Régions ultrapériphériques et les Pays et Territoires d’outre-mer de l’Union Européenne». Ce document ne représente pas une position officielle et formelle de la Commission Européenne. JUNE2016 2016 Contrat de service 07.0307.2013/666363/SER/B2 Préparé par: Comité français de l’UICN Équipe chargée de rédaction du profil: Eleonora Avagliano Flora Artzner Sous la coordination de: Aurélie Bocquet Jean Kape Avec le soutien technique de : Pierre Carret – Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund BEST Consortium Et avec la collaboration de : Secteur public Haut-Commissariat de la République : Eric Clua – Ministère de la promotion des langues, de la culture, de la communication et de l’environnement : Heremoana Maamaatuaiahutapu (Ministre), Sylviane Fauvet – Parlement : Maina Sage – Délégation aux Affaires Internationales, Européennes et du Pacifique : Charles Garnier, Engel Raygadas, Hélène Migot, Sylvia Berteil – Délégation à la recherche du Gouvernement de Polynésie française : Jean-Yves Meyer – Direction de l'Environnement (DIREN) : Gabriel Sao Chan Cheong, Faimano Boulet, Christophe Brocherieux, Fanny Martre, Eliane Garganta, Claude Serra, Miri Tatarata – Direction des Ressources Marines et Minières (DRMM) : Arsène Stein, Christian Monier – Service du Développement Rural (SDR) : Miri Karima – Chambre de l'Agriculture et de la Pêche Lagonaire (CAPL) : Yvette Temauri, Toehau Lainé – Syndicat Intercommunal à vocation multiple des Tuamotu-Gambier (SIVMTG) : Ernest Teagai – Commune de Tatakoto : Vetea Mariteragi, Pokara Tinirau, Kamake Maratino – Agence des Aires Marines Protégées (AAMP): Sophie-Dorotée Duron, Mahé Charles, Justine Cammal – Agence française de Développement (AFD) : Vincent Joguet – Secrétariat Général de la Communauté du Pacifique (CPS) : Caroline Vieux, Juliette Languille. Centres de recherche CRIOBE : Serge Planes, René Galzin, Tamatoa Bambridge, Yannick Chancerelle, Guillaume Le Port, Vetea Liao, Ewen Morin, Bernard Salvat, Pierre Sasal, Gilles Siu, Lauric Thiault – Institut de recherches pour le développement (IRD) : Marc Taquet, Cécile Debitus – Université de Polynésie française (UPF) : Nabila Gaertner-Mazouni – University of the South Pacific (Fidji) : Antoine de Ramon N’Yeurt. Associations/ONG Aimeho Tou Ora, Association PGEM Moorea : Dom Leoture – ARSH-EIAO : Charleux Michel – Association HAURURU : Yves Doudoute – Association Ia vai ma noa Bora-Bora : Tehani Maueau, Mataihau Poevainea – Association Manuia te Fenua : Audrey Lachaud – Association paruru te tairoto o Haapu : Gibert Pitori – Association Punaeroa : Noelline Teriitetoofa, Tiatoa Sylvana – Association Putahi Haga No Gana : Maxime Hauata, Joana Hauata – Association Raumatariki : Tiffany Laitame – Association Ta’ata Ti’a : Prokop Hautia, Heinui Tepahauaitaipara – Association Te Pu 'Atiti'a (Moorea) : Hinano Murphy – Association Te Reo o te Tuamotu : Jean Kape – Association Tefana chasse sous-marine : Rahiti Buchin – Association Ua Ivi No Te Ui Hou - Hiva Oa : Charles Bonno – Brigade Verte, Mouvement citoyen pour l'environnement : Ludovic Bardoux – Colibri Tahiti : Tal Mandel, Coline de Georges – Collectif apiculteurs : Kala'i Selam – Faafaite i te Ao Ma'ohi : Matahi Tutavae, Noella Tutavae – Fédération des associations de protection de l'environnement (FAPE) : Winiki Sage, Maxime Chan – Friends of Hokule’a : Alban Ellacott, Jean-Claude Teriierooiterai – GEMM - groupe d'études des mammifères marins : Pamela Carzon – JCET : Carole Doucet – Mata Tohora : Agnès Benet – Observatoire des Requins de Polynésie : Nicolas Buray – PEW Polynésie : Jérôme Petit, Elodie Lagouy, Donatien Tanret – Richesses Du Fenua - Te Anahotu : Olivier Babin – Seashepherd : Yves-Michel – SOP Manu (Société d'Ornithologie de Polynésie) : Philippe Raust, Monique Franc de Ferrière, Caroline Blanvillain – Te Mana o te Moana : Cécile Gaspard, Vie Stabile, Matthieu Petit – TEMEUM : Magali Verducci – Te rau ati ati : Ravahere Taputuarai, Noella Tutavae. Secteur privé Bioconsulting : Marie Fourdrigniez - Bio Stratégies : Gilles Parzy-Tehau, Anne-Laure Lenci – Créocéan : Fany Seguin - Ethyc'o : Mary Nathalie – Expert : Jean-François Butaud – Expert : Trevor Coote – Expert : Fred Jacq – Expert : Thierry Lison De Loma – Expert : Michael Poole – Expert : Thibault Ramage - Expert : Marie Pascaline Sturma – Heremoana consulting : Magali Verducci – Progem : Benet Agnès – Tahiti Fa'ahotu, Pôle d'innovation de Polynésie française : Lina Huan. Citation: Profil d'écosystèmes de la Polynésie Française – Région Pacifique. 2016. Union européennes Régions Ultra-pèriphériques et Pays et Territoires d’Outre-mer, Eleonora Avagliano & Flora Artzner ; BEST, contract de service 07.0307.2013/666363/SER/B2, Commission Européenne, 2016, 224 p + annexes. Ce projet européen est un effort commun du consortium BEST III : http://ec.europa.eu/best Avertissement: Le profil régional de l'écosystème est un document technique avec la participation d'experts régionaux et locaux et d'autres acteurs, obtenu dans le cadre d'un processus de consultation participative. Les résultats de ce document de référence ont servi à élaborer une stratégie régionale d'investissement dans la même manière participative, qui peut servir comme document d’orientation pour les futures stratégies nationales et régionales. Aucun des deux documents n'est politiquement contraignant ou remplace une stratégie nationale ou régionale autorisée par les décideurs respectifs. TABLE DES MATIERES ABREVIATIONS ........................................................................................................................ 1 RESUME .................................................................................................................................... 3 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 8 2. CONTEXTE ....................................................................................................................... 11 3. IMPORTANCE BIOLOGIQUE DE LA ZONE .................................................................... 15 3.1 Géographie................................................................................................................. 15 3.2 Climat ......................................................................................................................... 16 3.3 Les milieux ................................................................................................................. 17 3.3.1. Milieux Marins ..................................................................................................................18 3.3.2. Milieux Terrestres ............................................................................................................21 3.4 Les espèces ............................................................................................................... 27 3.4.1 Espèces marines ...............................................................................................................27 3.4.2 Espèces terrestres ............................................................................................................39 3.5 Les services écosystémiques................................................................................... 47 4. OBJECTIFS DE CONSERVATION ................................................................................... 50 4.1 Les espèces cibles .................................................................................................... 50 4.1.1. La Liste Rouge de l’UICN ................................................................................................51 4.1.2 Les espèces à statut selon la réglementation locale ....................................................54 4.2 Les Zones Clés de la Biodiversité (ZCB) en Polynésie française .......................... 56 4.2.1 Méthodologie de récolte de données pour les ZCB ......................................................56 4.2.2 Critères pris en compte pour le choix des ZCB .............................................................57 4.2.3 Liste des Zones Clés pour la Biodiversité .....................................................................58 4.2.4 Archipels et habitats clés pour la biodiversité ..............................................................64 4.2.5 La prise en compte des services écosystémiques dans l’identification des ZCB .....67 4.3 L’étude des services écosystémiques en Polynésie française, l’approche par habitat ........................................................................................................................ 68 5. CONTEXTE SOCIO-ÉCONOMIQUE ................................................................................. 71 5.1 Aspects culturels liant les polynésiens à l’environnement .................................... 71 5.1.1 Sites et espaces naturels remarquables pour leur richesse culturelle .......................71 5.1.2 Favoriser le lien Terre-mer ...............................................................................................72 5.2 Grands indicateurs socio-économiques : l’inégale démographie polynésienne .. 73 5.3 Contexte économique polynésien ...........................................................................
Recommended publications
  • Coreopsideae Daniel J

    Coreopsideae Daniel J

    Chapter42 Coreopsideae Daniel J. Crawford, Mes! n Tadesse, Mark E. Mort, "ebecca T. Kimball and Christopher P. "andle HISTORICAL OVERVIEW AND PHYLOGENY In a cladistic analysis of morphological features of Heliantheae by Karis (1993), Coreopsidinae were reported Morphological data to be an ingroup within Heliantheae s.l. The group was A synthesis and analysis of the systematic information on represented in the analysis by Isostigma, Chrysanthellum, tribe Heliantheae was provided by Stuessy (1977a) with Cosmos, and Coreopsis. In a subsequent paper (Karis and indications of “three main evolutionary lines” within "yding 1994), the treatment of Coreopsidinae was the the tribe. He recognized ! fteen subtribes and, of these, same as the one provided above except for the follow- Coreopsidinae along with Fitchiinae, are considered ing: Diodontium, which was placed in synonymy with as constituting the third and smallest natural grouping Glossocardia by "obinson (1981), was reinstated following within the tribe. Coreopsidinae, including 31 genera, the work of Veldkamp and Kre# er (1991), who also rele- were divided into seven informal groups. Turner and gated Glossogyne and Guerreroia as synonyms of Glossocardia, Powell (1977), in the same work, proposed the new tribe but raised Glossogyne sect. Trionicinia to generic rank; Coreopsideae Turner & Powell but did not describe it. Eryngiophyllum was placed as a synonym of Chrysanthellum Their basis for the new tribe appears to be ! nding a suit- following the work of Turner (1988); Fitchia, which was able place for subtribe Jaumeinae. They suggested that the placed in Fitchiinae by "obinson (1981), was returned previously recognized genera of Jaumeinae ( Jaumea and to Coreopsidinae; Guardiola was left as an unassigned Venegasia) could be related to Coreopsidinae or to some Heliantheae; Guizotia and Staurochlamys were placed in members of Senecioneae.
  • Répartition De La Population En Polynésie Française En 2017

    Répartition De La Population En Polynésie Française En 2017

    Répartition de la population en Polynésie française en 2017 PIRAE ARUE Paopao Teavaro Hatiheu PAPEETE Papetoai A r c h MAHINA i p e l d FAA'A HITIAA O TE RA e s NUKU HIVA M a UA HUKA r q PUNAAUIA u HIVA OA i TAIARAPU-EST UA POU s Taiohae Taipivai e PAEA TA HUATA s NUKU HIVA Haapiti Afareaitu FATU HIVA Atuona PAPARA TEVA I UTA MOO REA TAIARAPU-OUEST A r c h i p e l d Puamau TAHITI e s T MANIHI u a HIVA OA Hipu RA NGIROA m Iripau TA KAROA PUKA P UKA o NA PUKA Hakahau Faaaha t u Tapuamu d e l a S o c i é MAKEMO FANGATA U - p e l t é h i BORA BORA G c a Haamene r MAUPITI Ruutia A TA HA A ARUTUA m HUAHINE FAKARAVA b TATAKOTO i Niua Vaitoare RAIATEA e TAHITI r TAHAA ANAA RE AO Hakamaii MOORE A - HIK UE RU Fare Maeva MAIAO UA POU Faie HA O NUKUTAVAKE Fitii Apataki Tefarerii Maroe TUREIA Haapu Parea RIMATARA RURUTU A r c h Arutua HUAHINE i p e TUBUAI l d e s GAMBIE R Faanui Anau RA IVAVAE A u s Kaukura t r Nombre a l AR UTUA d'individus e s Taahuaia Moerai Mataura Nunue 20 000 Mataiva RA PA BOR A B OR A 10 000 Avera Tikehau 7 000 Rangiroa Hauti 3 500 Mahu Makatea 1 000 RURUT U TUBUAI RANGIROA ´ 0 110 Km So u r c e : Re c en se m en t d e la p o p u la ti o n 2 0 1 7 - IS P F -I N SE E Répartition de la population aux Îles Du Vent en 2017 TAHITI MAHINA Paopao Papetoai ARUE PAPEETE PIRAE HITIAA O TE RA FAAA Teavaro Tiarei Mahaena Haapiti PUNAAUIA Afareaitu Hitiaa Papenoo MOOREA 0 2 Km Faaone PAEA Papeari TAIARAPU-EST Mataiea Afaahiti Pueu Toahotu Nombre PAPARA d'individus TEVA I UTA Tautira 20 000 Vairao 15 000 13 000 Teahupoo 10 000 TAIARAPU-OUEST
  • Holothuriidae 1165

    Holothuriidae 1165

    click for previous page Order Aspidochirotida - Holothuriidae 1165 Order Aspidochirotida - Holothuriidae HOLOTHURIIDAE iagnostic characters: Body dome-shaped in cross-section, with trivium (or sole) usually flattened Dand dorsal bivium convex and covered with papillae. Gonads forming a single tuft appended to the left dorsal mesentery. Tentacular ampullae present, long, and slender. Cuvierian organs present or absent. Dominant spicules in form of tables, buttons (simple or modified), and rods (excluding C-and S-shaped rods). Key to the genera and subgenera of Holothuriidae occurring in the area (after Clark and Rowe, 1971) 1a. Body wall very thick; podia and papillae short, more or less regularly arranged on bivium and trivium; spicules in form of rods, ovules, rosettes, but never as tables or buttons ......→ 2 1b. Body wall thin to thick; podia irregularly arranged on the bivium and scattered papillae on the trivium; spicules in various forms, with tables and/or buttons present ...(Holothuria) → 4 2a. Tentacles 20 to 30; podia ventral, irregularly arranged on the interradii or more regularly on the radii; 5 calcified anal teeth around anus; spicules in form of spinose rods and rosettes ...........................................Actinopyga 2b. Tentacles 20 to 25; podia ventral, usually irregularly arranged, rarely on the radii; no calcified anal teeth around anus, occasionally 5 groups of papillae; spicules in form of spinose and/or branched rods and rosettes ............................→ 3 3a. Podia on bivium arranged in 3 rows; spicules comprise rocket-shaped forms ....Pearsonothuria 3b. Podia on bivium not arranged in 3 rows; spicules not comprising rocket-shaped forms . Bohadschia 4a. Spicules in form of well-developed tables, rods and perforated plates, never as buttons .....→ 5 4b.
  • SPC Beche-De-Mer Information Bulletin #39 – March 2019

    SPC Beche-De-Mer Information Bulletin #39 – March 2019

    ISSN 1025-4943 Issue 39 – March 2019 BECHE-DE-MER information bulletin v Inside this issue Editorial Towards producing a standard grade identification guide for bêche-de-mer in This issue of the Beche-de-mer Information Bulletin is well supplied with Solomon Islands 15 articles that address various aspects of the biology, fisheries and S. Lee et al. p. 3 aquaculture of sea cucumbers from three major oceans. An assessment of commercial sea cu- cumber populations in French Polynesia Lee and colleagues propose a procedure for writing guidelines for just after the 2012 moratorium the standard identification of beche-de-mer in Solomon Islands. S. Andréfouët et al. p. 8 Andréfouët and colleagues assess commercial sea cucumber Size at sexual maturity of the flower populations in French Polynesia and discuss several recommendations teatfish Holothuria (Microthele) sp. in the specific to the different archipelagos and islands, in the view of new Seychelles management decisions. Cahuzac and others studied the reproductive S. Cahuzac et al. p. 19 biology of Holothuria species on the Mahé and Amirantes plateaux Contribution to the knowledge of holo- in the Seychelles during the 2018 northwest monsoon season. thurian biodiversity at Reunion Island: Two previously unrecorded dendrochi- Bourjon and Quod provide a new contribution to the knowledge of rotid sea cucumbers species (Echinoder- holothurian biodiversity on La Réunion, with observations on two mata: Holothuroidea). species that are previously undescribed. Eeckhaut and colleagues P. Bourjon and J.-P. Quod p. 27 show that skin ulcerations of sea cucumbers in Madagascar are one Skin ulcerations in Holothuria scabra can symptom of different diseases induced by various abiotic or biotic be induced by various types of food agents.
  • Annexe 1 2 SOMMAIRE

    Annexe 1 2 SOMMAIRE

    Plan DE Développement économique durable 2012-2027 AANNNNEEXXEE 11 SSTTRRUUCCTTUURRAATTIIOONN EETT DDEEVVEELLOOPPPPEEMMEENNTT DDUU TTOOUURRIISSMMEE Étude MaHoc- CREOCEAN - Archipelagoes PDEM 2013 – Annexe 1 2 SOMMAIRE Pages Rapport phase 1 : Diagnostic 5 Introduction 8 Les données de cadrage 13 L'offre touristique actuelle et les projets 25 Le diagnostic de la demande 57 L'organisation touristique et les outils marketing 75 Benchmarking de produits et de destinations 89 Conclusions du diagnostic 93 Annexes 95 Rapport phase 2 : Définition du positionnement de la destination et du produit 179 "Tourisme aux Marquises" Introduction 181 Rappel méthodologique 182 Rappel sur le potentiel de développement touristique des îles Marquises 185 Stratégie marketing du tourisme aux Marquises 188 Axes stratégiques du développement touristique 205 Rapport phase 3 : Plan d’actions opérationnel pour le développement 209 du tourisme aux Marquises Rappel méthodologique 212 Le plan d'actions opérationnel 213 ANNEXES 261 Complément au rapport phase 3 : réponses aux notes du Conseil Communautaire 262 des 31 août et 1er septembre 2012 Calendrier de mise en œuvre 266 Proposition de charte graphique identité Tourisme aux Marquises 268 Exemple de cahier des charges pour l’implantation d’une aire technique pour la 278 plaisance PDEM 2013 – Annexe 1 3 PDEM 2013 – Annexe 1 4 COMMUNAUTÉ DE COMMUNES DES ÎLES MARQUISES Structuration et développement du tourisme aux Marquises Rapport de phase 1 Diagnostic Mars 2012 PDEM 2013 – Annexe 1 5 SOMMAIRE Introduction ..........................................................................................................................................
  • New Insights on Bidens Herzogii (Coreopsideae, Asteraceae), an Endemic Species from the Cerrado Biogeographic Province in Bolivia

    New Insights on Bidens Herzogii (Coreopsideae, Asteraceae), an Endemic Species from the Cerrado Biogeographic Province in Bolivia

    Ecología en Bolivia 52(1): 21-32. Mayo 2017. ISSN 1605-2528. New insights on Bidens herzogii (Coreopsideae, Asteraceae), an endemic species from the Cerrado biogeographic province in Bolivia Novedades en el conocimiento de Bidens herzogii (Coreopsideae, Asteraceae), una especie endémica de la provincia biogeográfica del Cerrado en Bolivia Arturo Castro-Castro1, Georgina Vargas-Amado2, José J. Castañeda-Nava3, Mollie Harker1, Fernando Santacruz-Ruvalcaba3 & Aarón Rodríguez2,* 1 Cátedras CONACYT – Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional, Unidad Durango (CIIDIR-Durango), Instituto Politécnico Nacional. 2 Herbario Luz María Villarreal de Puga (IBUG), Instituto de Botánica, Departamento de Botánica y Zoología, Universidad de Guadalajara. Apartado postal 1-139, Zapopan 45101, Jalisco, México. *Author for correspondence: [email protected] 3 Laboratorio de Cultivo de Tejidos, Departamento de Producción Agrícola, Universidad de Guadalajara. Apartado postal 1-139, Zapopan 45101, Jalisco, México. Abstract The morphological limits among some Coreopsideae genera in the Asteraceae family are complex. An example is Bidens herzogii, a taxon first described as a member of the genus Cosmos, but recently transferred to Bidens. The species is endemic to Eastern Bolivia and it grows on the Cerrado biogeographic province. Recently collected specimens, analysis of herbarium specimens, and revisions of literature lead us to propose new data on morphological description and a chromosome counts for the species, a tetraploid, where x = 12, 2n = 48. Lastly, we provide data on geographic distribution and niche modeling of B. herzogii to predict areas of endemism in Eastern Bolivia. This area is already known for this pattern of endemism, and the evidence generated can be used to direct conservation efforts.
  • The Marquesas

    The Marquesas

    © Lonely Planet Publications 199 The Marquesas Grand, brooding, powerful and charismatic. That pretty much sums up the Marquesas. Here, nature’s fingers have dug deep grooves and fluted sharp edges, sculpting intricate jewels that jut up dramatically from the cobalt blue ocean. Waterfalls taller than skyscrapers trickle down vertical canyons; the ocean thrashes towering sea cliffs; sharp basalt pinnacles project from emerald forests; amphitheatre-like valleys cloaked in greenery are reminiscent of the Raiders of the Lost Ark; and scalloped bays are blanketed with desert arcs of white or black sand. This art gallery is all outdoors. Some of the most inspirational hikes and rides in French Polynesia are found here, allowing walkers and horseback riders the opportunity to explore Nuku Hiva’s convoluted hinterland. Those who want to get wet can snorkel with melon- headed whales or dive along the craggy shores of Hiva Oa and Tahuata. Bird-watchers can be kept occupied for days, too. Don’t expect sweeping bone-white beaches, tranquil turquoise lagoons, swanky resorts and THE MARQUESAS Cancun-style nightlife – the Marquesas are not a beach holiday destination. With only a smat- tering of pensions (guesthouses) and just two hotels, they’re rather an ecotourism dream. In everything from cuisine and dances to language and crafts, the Marquesas do feel different from the rest of French Polynesia, and that’s part of their appeal. Despite the trap- pings of Western influence (read: mobile phones), their cultural uniqueness is overwhelming. They also make for a mind-boggling open-air museum, with plenty of sites dating from pre-European times, all shrouded with a palpable historical aura.
  • Phylogeny, Character Evolution and the Systematics of Psilochilus (Triphoreae)

    Phylogeny, Character Evolution and the Systematics of Psilochilus (Triphoreae)

    THE PRIMITIVE EPIDENDROIDEAE (ORCHIDACEAE): PHYLOGENY, CHARACTER EVOLUTION AND THE SYSTEMATICS OF PSILOCHILUS (TRIPHOREAE) A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Erik Paul Rothacker, M.Sc. ***** The Ohio State University 2007 Doctoral Dissertation Committee: Approved by Dr. John V. Freudenstein, Adviser Dr. John Wenzel ________________________________ Dr. Andrea Wolfe Adviser Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology Graduate Program COPYRIGHT ERIK PAUL ROTHACKER 2007 ABSTRACT Considering the significance of the basal Epidendroideae in understanding patterns of morphological evolution within the subfamily, it is surprising that no fully resolved hypothesis of historical relationships has been presented for these orchids. This is the first study to improve both taxon and character sampling. The phylogenetic study of the basal Epidendroideae consisted of two components, molecular and morphological. A molecular phylogeny using three loci representing each of the plant genomes including gap characters is presented for the basal Epidendroideae. Here we find Neottieae sister to Palmorchis at the base of the Epidendroideae, followed by Triphoreae. Tropidieae and Sobralieae form a clade, however the relationship between these, Nervilieae and the advanced Epidendroids has not been resolved. A morphological matrix of 40 taxa and 30 characters was constructed and a phylogenetic analysis was performed. The results support many of the traditional views of tribal composition, but do not fully resolve relationships among many of the tribes. A robust hypothesis of relationships is presented based on the results of a total evidence analysis using three molecular loci, gap characters and morphology. Palmorchis is placed at the base of the tree, sister to Neottieae, followed successively by Triphoreae sister to Epipogium, then Sobralieae.
  • Polynesian Subsistence, Nutrient Flows, and Long-Term Socio

    Polynesian Subsistence, Nutrient Flows, and Long-Term Socio

    Polynesian Subsistence, Nutrient Flows, and Long-Term Socio-Ecosystem Dynamics: Insights from Stable Isotope Analysis of the Pacific Rat (Rattus exulans) in Island Foodwebs By Jillian Amy Swift A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Anthropology in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Chancellor’s Professor Emeritus Patrick V. Kirch, Chair Professor Christine Hastorf Professor Anthony D. Barnosky Spring 2016 Polynesian Subsistence, Nutrient Flows, and Long-Term Socio-Ecosystem Dynamics: Insights from Stable Isotope Analysis of the Pacific Rat (Rattus exulans) in Island Foodwebs Copyright © 2016 by Jillian Amy Swift Abstract Polynesian Subsistence, Nutrient Flows, and Long-Term Socio-Ecosystem Dynamics: Insights from Stable Isotope Analysis of the Pacific Rat (Rattus exulans) in Island Foodwebs by Jillian Amy Swift Doctor of Philosophy in Anthropology University of California, Berkeley Chancellor’s Professor Emeritus Patrick V. Kirch, Chair This dissertation applies stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope analysis to archaeological specimens of the human-transported Pacific rat (Rattus exulans) to investigate prehistoric patterns of subsistence, site use, and long-term socio- ecosystem dynamics on Polynesian Islands. The Pacific rat is a small commensal species characterized by low dietary selectivity and a limited home range. Its close association with past Polynesian peoples—and ubiquity in Polynesian archaeological sites—suggests that dietary change in this species can provide insight into changing island landscapes and human subsistence regimes. Pacific rat bone collagen δ13C and δ15N values were compared across three contrastive island socio-ecosystems: Mangareva, the Marquesas, and Tikopia.
  • Sweet Success for Bell's T-Rex

    Sweet Success for Bell's T-Rex

    Ground Squirrel Bait continued from page 3 Like all of Bell’s rodenticides, Ditrac Ground Squirrel bait contains only the high- est-grade toxicants and inert ingredients for outstanding rodent acceptance and control. Ditrac Ground Squirrel bait is now available through Bell distributors, in select U.S. states. Ground squirrels can cause extensive dam- PESTWORLD 2015 IN NASHVILLE - OCT. 20-23 age and also carry and transmit disease. Their burrows cause structural damage to orna- Mark your calendars for PestWorld 2015, Blox towering over the exhibit. This is where mentals, lawns, sports fields, parks, golf this fall at the Grand Opryland Hotel & Con- the Bell team will be to answer questions and courses, and levees, which can lead to human vention Center in Nashville, Tennessee. discuss new products and expanded labels for injuries and damage equipment - costing Bell’s booth #615 will be easy to spot this select Bell rodenticides. property owners a significant amount of time year – look for Bell’s Evo Mouse and Contrac See you in Music City, October 20-23! and money. I V O L U M E 3 4 l N U M B E R 3 l JULY-SEPTEMBER 2015 PRSRT STD US Postage PAID 3699 KINSMAN BLVD. l MADISON, WI 53704 Madison, WI www.belllabs.com Permit 1355 Address Service Requested Sweet Success For Bell’s T-Rex A sugarcane crop was providing the sweet life for a hardy population of Cotton Rats in Guatemala, that is, until Bell’s T-Rex®. Island Conservation ats are nothing new to sugarcane pro- sugar production.
  • IUCN ~ """~0 the World Conse!'Lation Union MC/) USP Library Catalopine-In-Publication Data

    IUCN ~ """~0 the World Conse!'Lation Union MC/) USP Library Catalopine-In-Publication Data

    South Pacific Regional Environment Programme Proceedings of the Fourth South Pacific Conference on Nature Conservation and Protected Areas Volume II: Papers - Keynotes, Themes and Case Studies Held at Le Lagon Resort, Port Vila, Vanuatu 4- 12 September 1989 L/')C\1m . m­ e >o .,..__..,._ C\1 '::J IUCN _ _ ~_ """~0 The World Conse!'lation Union MC/) USP Library Catalopine-in-Publication Data South Pacific Conference on Nature Conservation and ProtectedAreas (4th : 1989 : Port Vila, Vanuatu) Proceedings of the Fourth South Pacific Conference on Nature Conser­ vation and Protected Areas, held at the Le Lagon Resort, Port Vila, Re­ puhlicofVanuatu, 14-16Septemher 1989. Volume II. • [Apia, Western Samoa] : SPREP, 1989. 155 p. : em. 1. Nature Conservation· Oceania· Congresses 2. Environmental prtection ·Oceania· Congresses I.South Pacific Regional Environment Programme II. Title QH77.03S6 333. 7' 16'0995 ISBN: 982-04-0026-0 Prepared for publication at: South Pacific Regional Environment Programme PO Box 240, Apia, Western Samoa. Printed by Commercial Print, Apia, Western Samoa. p 30 I 2.5C South Pacific Regional Environment Programme Proceedings of the Fourth South Pacific Conference on Nature Conservation and Protected Areas Volume II: Papers - Themes, Keynotes and Case Studies Held at the Le Lagon Resort Port Vila, Republic of Vanuatu 4- 12 September 1989 Foreword The Fourth South Pacific Conference on Nature Conservation and Protected Areas held in Port Vila, in 1989, continues the series of "National Parks and Reserves" conferences held in New Zealand (1975), Sydney, Australia (1979), and Apia, Western Samoa (1985). The decision was made at the Apia conference to change the name to its current title, to better reflect the importance of the wider issues of biological diversity conservation to the region.
  • High-Value Components and Bioactives from Sea Cucumbers for Functional Foods—A Review

    High-Value Components and Bioactives from Sea Cucumbers for Functional Foods—A Review

    Mar. Drugs 2011, 9, 1761-1805; doi:10.3390/md9101761 OPEN ACCESS Marine Drugs ISSN 1660-3397 www.mdpi.com/journal/marinedrugs Review High-Value Components and Bioactives from Sea Cucumbers for Functional Foods—A Review Sara Bordbar 1, Farooq Anwar 1,2 and Nazamid Saari 1,* 1 Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; E-Mails: [email protected] (S.B.); [email protected] (F.A.) 2 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +60-389-468-385; Fax: +60-389-423-552. Received: 3 August 2011; in revised form: 30 August 2011 / Accepted: 8 September 2011 / Published: 10 October 2011 Abstract: Sea cucumbers, belonging to the class Holothuroidea, are marine invertebrates, habitually found in the benthic areas and deep seas across the world. They have high commercial value coupled with increasing global production and trade. Sea cucumbers, informally named as bêche-de-mer, or gamat, have long been used for food and folk medicine in the communities of Asia and Middle East. Nutritionally, sea cucumbers have an impressive profile of valuable nutrients such as Vitamin A, Vitamin B1 (thiamine), Vitamin B2 (riboflavin), Vitamin B3 (niacin), and minerals, especially calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc. A number of unique biological and pharmacological activities including anti-angiogenic, anticancer, anticoagulant, anti-hypertension, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antithrombotic, antitumor and wound healing have been ascribed to various species of sea cucumbers. Therapeutic properties and medicinal benefits of sea cucumbers can be linked to the presence of a wide array of bioactives especially triterpene glycosides (saponins), chondroitin sulfates, glycosaminoglycan (GAGs), sulfated polysaccharides, sterols (glycosides and sulfates), phenolics, cerberosides, lectins, peptides, glycoprotein, glycosphingolipids and essential fatty acids.