ARCHAEOLOGICAL DESK-BASED ASSESSMENT Mill Lane, Taplow Berkeley Homes 12/03/2015

Quality Management

Issue/revision Issue 1 Revision 1 Revision 2 Revision 3 Remarks Draft for issue Date Prepared by Signature Checked by Signature Authorised by Signature Project number 44170 Report number V1 File reference

Project number: 44170 Dated: 12/03/2015 | Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment Mill Lane, Taplow

12/03/2015

Client Berkeley Homes (Three Valleys) Ltd

Consultant WSP Environmental Ltd One Queens Drive Birmingham B5 4PJ UK

Tel: +44 (0)121 352 4759 Fax: +44 (0)121 352 4701 www.wspgroup.co.uk

Registered Address WSP Environmental Limited 01383511 WSP House, 70 Chancery Lane, London, WC2A 1AF www.wspgroup.co.uk

WSP Contacts Tony Hanna [email protected]

Table of Contents 1 Introduction ...... 6 1.1 Overview ...... 6 1.2 Existing Site ...... 6 1.3 Topography and Geology ...... 8 1.4 The Proposed Development ...... 8 1.5 Legislation and Planning Policy Context ...... 9 2 Methodology ...... 10 2.1 Consultation ...... 10 2.2 Collection of Baseline Data ...... 10 2.3 Identification and Assessment of Effects ...... 11 2.4 Limitations ...... 12 3 Archaeological and Historical Background ...... 13 3.1 Introduction ...... 13 3.2 Prehistoric period (c.700,000 BC – AD 43) ...... 14 3.3 Roman period (AD 43 – 410) ...... 14 3.4 Early Medieval (Anglo-Saxon) period (AD 410 – 1066 AD) . 15 3.5 Medieval period (1066 AD – 1539) ...... 15 3.6 Post-Medieval period (1539 AD – 1899) ...... 15 3.7 Modern period (1900 AD – Present Day)...... 15 3.8 Site Visit ...... 16 3.9 Historic Landscape Characterisation ...... 17 3.10 Previous Archaeological Investigations ...... 18 4 Archaeological Assessment ...... 20 4.1 Archaeological Potential and Importance ...... 20 5 Previous Disturbance ...... 22 6 Recommendations ...... 22 7 Summary ...... 23 References ...... 24 Documentary sources ...... 24 Cartographic and Photographic Sources...... 24 Figures ...... 25 Figure 1 Site Location Plan ...... 26 Figure 2 Historic Environment Record Plan ...... 27 Figure 3 Location of Heritage Assets ...... 28 Figure 4 HER Events...... 29 Figure 5 HER Fieldnames ...... 30 Figure 6 Historic Landscape Characterisation……………………..31 Figure 7 National Monuments Record………………………………32 Figure 8 Proposed Development Plan………………………………33 Figure 9 Previous Disturbance……………………………………….33 Figure 10 First Ed. OS Map 1875……………………………………34

Project number: 44170 Dated: 12/03/2015 | Figure 11 Ordnance Survey Map 1899……………………………...35 Figure 12 Ordnance Survey Map 1900……………………………..36 Figure 13 Ordnance Survey Map 1913-14…………………………37 Figure 14 Ordnance Survey Map 1931……………………………..38 Figure 15 Ordnance Survey Map 1955……………………………..39 Figure 16 Ordnance Survey Map 1973……………………………..40 Figure 17 Ordnance Survey Map 2013……………………………..41 Figure 18 Plan of Taplow Mill Buildings 1868……………………...42 Appendices ...... 43 Appendix A - Site Photographs ...... 44 Appendix B – Gazetteer ...... 49

1 Introduction

1.1 Overview

1.1.1 On the instruction of Berkeley Homes (Three Valleys Ltd) an Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment (ADBA) has been prepared by WSP UK to accompany the planning Applications at Mill Lane, Taplow, Buckinghamshire. The national grid reference for the centre of the Site is SU490270182050. The Site location is shown in Figure 1. 1.1.2 These Applications form a redesign of the previous Masterplan development that was the subject of four separate planning Applications submitted in September 2014 (Ref: 14/01714/FUL, 14/01715/LBC, 14/01716/FUL, 14/01760/FUL) which sought a similar for of development across the same Site area. In December 2014 South Bucks District Council (SBDC) resolved to refuse those Applications for the entire Site. 1.1.3 This ADBA (2015 ADBA) has been updated to reflect the revised scheme proposals and consultation with Buckinghamshire County Council (BCC) Archaeology Services. The scope and principles of the previous 2014 ADBA, that were agreed and accepted, have been relied upon in the preparation of this ADBA. 1.1.4 Whilst this ADBA does not seek to provide an assessment of impacts that the Proposed Development may have on heritage assets, the purpose of this ADBA is to determine, as far as is reasonably possible from existing records, the nature, extent and significance of the historic environment within the Site in accordance with the guidelines set out in the Chartered Institute for Archaeologists ‘Standard and Guidance for historic environment desk based assessment’ (Ref. 1). 1.1.5 Therefore, the aims and objectives of this ADBA are as follows: ■ Provide an assessment of the potential for heritage assets to survive within the Site and wider 1km Study Area; ■ Identify and assess the significance of the known or predicted heritage assets considering their archaeological, historic, architectural and artistic interests and relevant Regional Archaeological Research Framework; and ■ Identify strategies for further evaluation whether or not intrusive, where the nature, extent or significance of the resource is not sufficiently well-defined.

1.2 Existing Site 1.2.1 The 20 hectare Site is designated as a Major Developed Site in the Green Belt, between the towns of Maidenhead and Taplow situated broadly between the River Thames to the west, the Jubilee Relief River to the east and directly north of the A4 Bath Road forming a triangular shape reaching a tip to the north by Ray Mill Island. It falls within the administrative boundary of SBDC with a small portion falling within the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead (RBWM). The location of the Site is shown in Figure 1. Site photographs illustrating the current conditions at the Site are provided in Appendix A. 1.2.2 The Site can be broadly split into four areas: ■ Taplow Mill - forms northern most part of the Site; ■ Riverside - forms the Western boundary of the Site; ■ Severnside - area located to the north of the footpath; and ■ The Southern Zone - between Mill Lane to the west and the Jubilee River and beyond to the east. 1.2.3 These four areas are discussed in more detail below and are illustrated on Figure 9.

Project number: 44170 Dated: 12/03/2015 | Taplow Mill 1.2.4 This area of the Site is the most northerly. It captures the former St. Regis Paper Mill, Mill Island House and Glen Island House. This part of the Site narrows to form the tip of the Site, with the River Thames forming the western boundary and the Jubilee Relief River forming the eastern boundary. There are two inlets that run into the Site, to the north and south of Mill Island House. These inlets extend as far into the Site as the Mill Buildings and where probably once part of the 19th century mill complex. 1.2.5 The Taplow Mill area is largely formed of woodland which stretches north along the east bank of the Thames. There are clear views of this area from the publically accessible Ray Mill Island, which lies to the west. 1.2.6 The southern part of Taplow Mill consists of tree lined verges along the River Thames to the west. This part of the Site is highly visible from Ray Mead Road, which runs along the western bank of the Thames in a north-south direction. 1.2.7 Further to the south the western side is visible from Ray Mead Road, which runs along the western bank of the Thames in a north-south direction. Glimpses of Mill Island House and Glen Island House are also obtained from the riverbank, whilst numerous mature trees extend down to the riverside. There are limited views of the former Mill buildings from Ray Mead Road (although the main Mill Chimney is clearly visible). The eastern boundary of the Site is more protected from long and medium distance views given the amount of vegetation, and the topography that rises up towards the east. 1.2.8 The narrow entrance to the Mill Buildings and the fact that they can only be viewed from the Mill Lane Bridge, effectively separate and visually isolate the area from the remainder of the Site to the south. 1.2.9 Within the character area, the majority of the vacant Mill buildings are in a poor state of repair and do not contribute to its character. The Mill buildings vary in terms of age, style and appearance and are located along the eastern boundary of the area, alongside the Jubilee Relief River. The Mill buildings are surrounded by areas of hard standing and a range of outbuildings. Mill Island House and Grade II Listed Glen Island House are presently vacant, and are set within gardens that extend to the west towards the River. Mature trees are found across the character area and contribute greatly to its appearance.

Riverside 1.2.10 The 'Riverside' area comprises land on the western boundary of the Site, located between the River Thames and Mill Lane. The area is characterised by a mix of properties and land uses. The vacant Skindles Hotel is located to the south of the area, adjacent to the junction of Mill Lane with Bath Road and is highly visible from the Maidenhead Bridge and Maidenhead Riverbank. Adjacent to Skindles is Mallards Reach with Tower Boathouse a landmark building on the waterfront, accessed alongside. Moving northwards are eight 1980's town houses known as Pages Wharf followed by TS Iron Duke, a property occupied by the Sea Cadets. 1.2.11 Land owned by National Grid is located further north and comprises a former depot site which is enclosed by a high brick boundary wall that blocks views to the river. When the depot was operational there were a number of buildings on the site and an extant planning permission provides for two replacement office buildings and an ancillary storage building. Further north, the area is characterised by areas of boatyards, employment uses (Taplow Investments land), Dunloe Lodge and a residential property (Driftwood Cottage). This area of the Site is highly visible from Ray Mead Road in Maidenhead. A heavily wooded island in the River Thames screens the northern part of this area from the west and Ray Mead Road. There is a mix of building ages, styles and uses within the area. The vacant Skindles Hotel is in a poor state of repair, and Dunloe Lodge has been badly fire damaged and never restored. Extant planning permission already exists for the Skindles Hotel. These buildings date from the Victorian era but are unlisted. The land adjacent to Maidenhead Bridges owned by South Buckinghamshire District Council and provides public access to the River Thames and includes an historic boathouse.

Severnside 1.2.12 The 'Severnside' character area is located to the north of the footpath that crosses the site and extends to cover land that is occupied by the gasholder and a vacant warehouse facility. Mill Lane forms the western and northern boundary of the area, whilst the Jubilee Relief River runs along the eastern boundary. Mature trees and hedging run along the length of Mill Lane and screen the area from the Lane. Mature trees also screen the area from land to the south. The gas-holder is no longer used by National Grid, but is yet to be decommissioned. When operational and at full capacity, the gas-holder extended to over 30 metres in height. The warehouse and surrounding large area consisting of concrete hard standing is currently vacant.

The Southern Zone 1.2.13 The 'Southern Zone' is generally open and level in nature it extends between Mill Lane to the west and the Jubilee Relief River to the east and further onto the east side of the Jubilee River where it occupies a triangle of fairly flat grassland. There has been limited development within this area, although a car showroom is located to the south fronting onto Bath Road standing on the site of an early 19th century Coaching Inn. Two residential properties are also located to the south, accessed from Bath Road (although these fall outside of the Site boundary).The overwhelming nature of this area is that of open land, with mature trees along its edges. A footpath extends along the eastern boundary, alongside the Jubilee Relief River. Long views across this area are obtained from the footpath that rises to the east, towards Taplow, whist mature trees along the western and southern boundaries (including along Bath Road) allow only glimpsed views across the area.

1.3 Topography and Geology 1.3.1 The topography of the Site which slopes to the north-east from an elevation of approximately 24m AOD in the south on Bath Road rising to approximately 35m AOD in the north-east of the Site. 1.3.2 The British Geological Survey (BGS) Map No. E255 (Beaconsfield) describes the majority of the Site, with the exception of the south-western area, as underlain by superficial Alluvium deposits, comprising mainly silts and clays with occasionally peaty and sand layers, typically less than 5m thick. The south-western portion of the Site (circa 20% of the Site area) is directly underlain by the superficial Shepperton Gravel (part of the River Terrace Deposits) comprising sand and gravel with sparse lenses of silt and clay, typically less than 10m thick. The River Terrace Deposits are anticipated to be under the Alluvium across the remainder of the Site. An area of made-ground is also mapped as being present on the eastern bank of the Jubilee River. 1.3.3 The superficial geology across the Site is underlain by the undifferentiated Seaford and Newhaven Chalk Formation, which forms part of the Chalk Group, comprising chalk with flints with discrete marl seams, to depth.

1.4 The Masterplan Development 1.4.1 The Masterplan Development is expected to comprise the following component elements: ■ Up to 211 dwellings (including 40 Senior Living); ■ Employment/commercial space; ■ A new footbridge (links across Thames to Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead); ■ Green infrastructure including areas of formal and informal open space, new planting and landscaping; and ■ Pedestrian and vehicular access and circulation together with a car parking area to the south of the boatyard.

Project number: 44170 Dated: 12/03/2015 | 1.5 Legislation and Planning Policy Context 1.5.1 Table 1 provides a summary of legislation relevant to this assessment. Table 1 Summary of legislation

Legislation Relevant Provisions

Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Largely relates to Scheduled Ancient Monuments (SAMs) and Areas Act (AMAAA) 1979 (Ref. 2) designated archaeological areas, detailing in particular what can and cannot be undertaken on archaeological grounds.

Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation The P(LBCA) Act provides for the protection of Listed Buildings and Areas) (P(LBCA)) Act 1990 (Ref. 3) Conservation Areas, and is largely expressed in the planning process through policies in regional and local planning guidance, as outlined below.

The Act defines what constitutes Treasure and states that any finds of Treasure Act 1996 (Ref.4) treasure and objects found in association with treasure must be reported to the local coroner.

Under Section 25 of the 1857 Act, it is generally a criminal offence to remove human remains from any place of burial without appropriate Burial Act 1857 (Ref.5) license issued by the Ministry of Justice (MoJ), although recent legislative changes indicate that some cases are exempt from this requirement

1.5.2 Table 2 summarises the relevant non-statutory protection relating to the historic environment. Table 2 Summary of planning policy

Planning Policy Relevant Provisions

Section 12 of the NPPF outlines government policy on the treatment of ‘heritage assets’ (including Scheduled Monuments, Listed Buildings, Conservation Areas, National Planning Policy Framework World Heritage Sites, Historic Parks and Gardens and Historic Battlefields, but (NPPF) (Ref. 6) also non-designated sites, including buried or suspected buried remains within the local plan and development control process.

Core Policy 15 Mill Lane (Opportunity Site): relates specifically to the Site. It confirms that the Site requires a comprehensive conservation-led approach to South Buckinghamshire (2011) Core the regeneration of the Site and requires that any development would be Strategy (Ref.7) sympathetic to the historic nature of the Site including any remains of archaeological importance.

South Buckinghamshire District South Bucks District Council adopted the Mill Lane Supplementary Planning Council (2013) Mill Lane Taplow Document (SPD) in July 2013. The SPD is intended to guide the preparation of Supplementary Planning Document detailed plans for regeneration of Mill Lane and bridge the policy gap between (Ref. 8) the broad core strategic policy and a detailed planning application.

2 Methodology

2.1 Consultation 2.1.1 Sarah-Jane Farr, Buckinghamshire County Archaeologist was approached in relation to the scope and sources of information utilised to prepare this assessment. Further to this Phil Markham, Senior Archaeology Planning Officer with Buckinghamshire County Council, was approached in relation to the scope of archaeological field work required for mitigation. 2.1.2 Through consultation with Phil Markham it is understood that SBDC and BCC will impose a planning condition requesting a programme of further archaeological works to further investigate the potential buried/surface archaeological remains within the Site. Such works would include the production of a geoarchaeological deposit model of the area which will inform and may lead to targeted trial trenching and excavation. All works will be completed in accordance with current Chartered Institute for Archaeologists guidance for field practice, as well as being formally agreed through a Written Scheme of Investigation (WSI).

2.2 Collection of Baseline Data 2.2.1 This assessment was undertaken in accordance with the Chartered Institute for Archaeologist’s Standard and Guidance for Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment (2012) (Ref.1) and all other relevant guidance under current best practice. 2.2.2 The study area comprises a buffer of approximately 1km surrounding the site, designed to identify the potential direct (e.g. physical) effects on the known and anticipated heritage resource.

Desk-Based Study 2.2.3 Heritage data was collected for the Study Area from the following sources: ■ English Heritage National Monument Record (NMR) for details of archaeological sites, events, monuments (both Scheduled and non-Scheduled), Registered Historic Parks and Gardens and Registered Battlefields; ■ Buckinghamshire Historic Environment Record (HER). The HER contains a record of archaeological sites and monuments (both Scheduled and non-Scheduled), archaeological events, conservation areas and Listed Buildings; Berkshire HER also contains a record of archaeological sites and monuments, conservation areas and listed buildings relevant to this study; ■ Buckinghamshire County Records Office (CRO) and Berkshire (CRO) were consulted as part of this study. Primary sources such as maps and documents were examined at the CROs. Secondary sources such as archaeological books and journals were also consulted; ■ Library local studies section. Secondary sources such as books and journals were consulted; ■ Online sources, including the Victoria County History of Buckinghamshire and Berkshire; ■ Envirocheck geology and ground stability report, environmental data report and historic mapping sequence; ■ Buckinghamshire Historic Landscape Characterisation Study (2006); ■ Berkshire Historic Environment Record (which covers Windsor and Maidenhead); ■ Solent Thames Archaeological Research Framework (2010); and ■ South Bucks District Landscape Characterisation Assessment (2011).

Project number: 44170 Dated: 12/03/2015 |

Site Walkover 2.2.4 A site walkover was undertaken on the 7th of April 2014 by an appropriately qualified archaeologist. Observations were made noting the condition and use of each part of the Site, the condition of any known archaeological sites, observations with regard to surface features or above-ground signatures of potential archaeological interest and any potential constraints on further archaeological works. Observation notes were taken and map sketch-annotated. 2.2.5 The baseline conditions of the Site in relation to archaeology remain unchanged since the site walkover and therefore it has not been considered necessary to carry out an updated site walkover.

2.3 Identification and Assessment of Effects 2.3.1 In assessing the scale of potential effects or the degree to which harm can be identified, effects arising from the Proposed Development can be direct or indirect. In terms of identified heritage assets a direct effect is taken to imply the permanent or substantial alteration or loss of designated or non-designated assets and indirect effects relates to changes in the setting of an asset. 2.3.2 In evaluating effects, criteria derived from the DMRB Volume 11 Section 3 Part 2 (Ref. 9) have been used to identify the importance of assets, and these are reproduced in Table 3 below. The Solent Thames Research Framework and the Buckinghamshire Historic Landscape Characterisation Study (Ref. 10 – Ref. 12) have been used to inform the assessment of importance in Table 3.

Table 3 Criteria Used to Determine the Importance of Heritage Assets

Heritage Value Criteria World Heritage Sites and their setting Assets of acknowledged international value Very High Assets that can contribute to significantly to acknowledged international research objectives Extremely well preserved historic landscapes/townscapes with exceptional coherence, time-depth, or critical factor(s) Scheduled Monuments and their setting Grade I and Grade II* Listed Buildings and their setting Grade I and Grade II* Registered Historic Parks and Gardens and their setting Conservation Areas containing a predominance of Grade I and Grade II* Listed Buildings High Non-designated assets of schedulable quality and value Assets that can contribute significantly to acknowledged national research objectives Well preserved historic landscapes/townscapes, exhibiting considerable coherence, time-depth or other critical factor(s) Grade II Listed Buildings and their setting Grade II Registered Parks and Gardens and their setting Registered Battlefields and their setting Medium Conservation Areas containing buildings that contribute significantly to its historic character and their setting Designated or non-designated assets that contribute to regional research objectives Averagely well-preserved historic landscapes/townscapes with reasonable coherence, time-depth or other critical factor(s) Locally Listed structures and their setting Designated or non-designated assets of limited value, but with potential to contribute to local research Low objectives Historic landscape/townscape whose value is limited by poor preservation and/or poor survival of contextual associations

Heritage Value Criteria Non-designated assets (including sites and features) with no significant historic or archaeological Negligible value Buildings of an intrusive character

Unknown The value of the resource has not been ascertained

2.4 Limitations 2.4.1 Data from the NMR and HER consists of secondary information derived from varied sources. It is assumed that this data, as well as that derived from other secondary sources, is reasonably accurate. There are several limitations to the data set retrieved as outlined below: ■ Where the known archaeological data relates to chance find-spots, the full extent, date and nature of these sites is often uncertain; and ■ A number of records, in particular older records such as antiquarian finds, excavations or observations often fail to accurately locate sites. 2.4.2 A site walkover is limited as archaeological remains can survive below-ground with no indication of their presence above-ground. Furthermore, a walkover can be influenced by ground and weather conditions as well as the state of vegetation. Interpretation of sites identified from surface evidence is often only preliminary as many sites are not diagnosed from earthwork evidence alone. 2.4.3 Due to the limitations identified above, it is possible that previously unrecorded archaeological sites will have survived within the area of the Site. Therefore, there is an element of uncertainty over the nature, frequency and extent of the archaeological resource. Additionally, due to the buried and invisible nature of below-ground archaeological assets, there is an element of uncertainty regarding the survival, condition, nature and extent of the known sites identified within the Site. Grading of value therefore may be revised for known archaeological sites following further assessment and evaluation.

Project number: 44170 Dated: 12/03/2015 | 3 Archaeological and Historical Background

3.1 Introduction 3.1.1 This section provides an overview of the historical and archaeological background of the Study Area and the region surrounding it in order to provide a better understanding of the context and value of the cultural heritage resource that may be affected by development. This assessment then determines the significance of any affected archaeological sites and assesses the potential for encountering buried archaeological remains within the proposed development Site and predicts their likely nature, date, extent and condition. It does not consider further or assess potential changes to the fabric and settings of historic buildings or the historic built landscape arising from the proposed development and the resulting effects to the value of these assets. These are summarised below and assessed elsewhere within a document produced by the Built Heritage Consultancy Limited (Appendix 14.1 of the Mill Lane, Taplow ES, 2015).

Summary of statutory and non-statutory designated heritage assets 3.1.2 There are no World Heritage Sites or sites included on the Tentative List of Future Nominations for World Heritage Sites (January 2012) situated within the proposed development site or the study area. Nor are there any Scheduled Monuments, registered parks and gardens or registered battlefields within the Site boundary. There is, however, one Scheduled Monument within the study area; the Saxon Barrow, Church and Cemeteries in the Old Churchyard at Taplow Court c.150m east of the Site (Figures 2, 3 & 4; 1014781); and also three registered parks and gardens; Grade I listed Clivedon, c.300m to the north, Grade II listed Berry Hill, c.120m to the east and Grade II listed Taplow Court, c.50m to the east (Figures 2, 3 & 4; 1000323, 1000135, 1000607). 3.1.3 There is one grade II listed building, Glen Island House, within the Site boundary (Figures 2, 3 & 4; 1392491). Elsewhere within the study area there are two Grade I listed buildings; Maidenhead Bridge and Maidenhead Railway Bridge (Figures 2, 3 & 4; 1117619, 1125021); and, two Grade II* listed buildings; Smythes Almshouses and Oldfield Lodge (Figures 2, 3 & 4; 1136053, 1117620). There are also a total of 42 Grade II listed buildings, the majority of which lie to the east of the Site. 3.1.4 There are three conservation areas, Taplow Conservation Area and Taplow Riverside Conservation Area and Maidenhead Riverside Conservation Area within the study area. Much of the western half of the proposed Site does lies within the Taplow Riverside Conservation Area and the Taplow Conservation Area is located immediately to the north east of the proposed Site. The Maidenhead Riverside Conservation Area lies just to the west of the Site. There are also two archaeological notification areas fully within the Site boundary. One at the northern end (Figures 2, 3 & 4; 0548000000) where quantities of Iron Age artefacts have been recovered and one in the central area of the Site where extensive Bronze Age remains as well as evidence of Iron Age industrial activity were recorded (Figures 2, 3 & 4; 0009500000). There are thirteen other archaeological notification areas to the east of the Site and to its south comprising the following: areas where Prehistoric artefacts have been recorded, dating from the Palaeolithic to the Iron Age; Roman period remains including a possible Roman villa site; cropmark complexes including two Bronze Age ring ditches and an Iron Age settlement site; an undated human burial; the Iron Age Hillfort and Saxon burial mound at Taplow Court (part of which is also a Scheduled Monument, noted above); two Post-Medieval parks (Clivendon and Berry Hill, both registered parks and gardens); the line of the Great Western Railway and the Medieval – Post- Medieval Maidenhead Bridge is located within the study area but just outside the area of the proposed Site.

Summary of non-designated or potential heritage assets 3.1.5 Within the Site boundary there is quite extensive evidence of activity dating to the Prehistoric period. This comprises the following: several Neolithic flint axes recovered from the River Thames at Taplow Mills; Bronze Age metal finds also at Taplow Mills; a possible metalworking site with either origins in the Bronze Age or more probably the Iron Age or Roman period (ANA 0009500000); extensive finds of Iron Age pottery and animal bone (ANA 0548000000); and, an undated cropmark site which could represent the remains of a henge. Historic periods are represented by a bed or floor of mortar which may represent the remains of a grange, perhaps of Roman or later origin, and a single spear head of medieval date dredged from the Thames. 3.1.6 Outside the boundary of the Site in the wider study area there is a range of known and potential earthworks and buried archaeological remains which date predominantly to the Prehistoric period, but others also to the Roman and Early Medieval (Saxon) period, through to the Modern period. These are described in more detail below by period and are recorded on Figures 2 to 7, and in the gazetteer (Appendix B). 3.1.7 There have also been a number of archaeological assessments, field surveys and investigations within the study area none of which have been undertaken within the proposed Site boundary. Others in the wider study area include the following: a series of investigations to the east of the Site including a geophysical survey and parchmark survey at St Nicholas’s Graveyard and Bapsey’s Meadow; geophysical survey, test-pitting and trial trenching at Taplow Court; an area excavation at the Iron Age hillfort just north of Taplow Court; and, geophysical survey, archaeological recording, trial trenching and excavation in association with the Maidenhead, Windsor and Eton Flood Alleviation Scheme to the east and south-east of the Site. To the west of the River Thames an archaeological evaluation (ERM1509) was carried out at the former Chef Peking, Maidenhead in compliance with a planning condition attached. The site lies within the archaeological rich Thames Valley, which is known to have been exploited from the Palaeolithic Period onwards. The evaluation undertaken in 2013 revealed little in the way of archaeology. Although the site had potential for archaeological remains, in particular prehistoric archaeology, no archaeological features were revealed during the evaluation. The site was affected by the large scale truncation caused by late 19th early 20th century development, and the earliest finds were of post medieval date. These are summarised in full below in Table 4 and are described in the gazetteer (Appendix B).

3.2 Prehistoric period (c.700,000 BC – AD 43) 3.2.1 Numerous sites of Prehistoric origin are recorded along the Thames Valley, including a large number of unstratified artefacts recovered from the river itself. Many such artefacts and find spots are recorded along the stretch of the River Thames adjacent to the Site itself and within the wider study area. The sites range in date from finds of Palaeolithic origin, chiefly hand-axes, to extensive and numerous Iron Age artefacts.

3.3 Roman period (AD 43 – 410) 3.3.1 A number of sites of Romano-British origin have been identified. Roman pottery was found in the excavations at Taplow Court (sites 36 & 38) suggesting that there may have been continued occupation on or near the hillfort site during the Roman period. A probable Romano-British farmstead is located to the east of the Site, just outside the Study Area (HER 4551, SU 912817). Evidence for continued and sustained Romano- British settlement is limited, nevertheless, it appears that Romano-British activity can also be found, represented in cropmark features shown on aerial photographs following on in places from Iron Age occupation.

Project number: 44170 Dated: 12/03/2015 | 3.4 Early Medieval (Anglo-Saxon) period (AD 410 – 1066 AD) 3.4.1 The Early Medieval period is highlighted by the Scheduled Monument at Taplow, the prominent large burial mound located in the former churchyard just to the south west of Taplow Court, was excavated in the 19th century. The excavation revealed the richest burial known in England at the time. The burial was believed to have been a chieftain, a man who had been elaborately dressed for burial with gold dressed jewellery, and numerous richly decorated vessels and weapons. The burial has been dated to c.625 AD (Banks & Stanley, 1990, 69). Other Early Medieval finds suggest permanent occupation and wide spread activity within the area which would allude to occupation throughout this immediate area including the proposed Site.

3.5 Medieval period (1066 AD – 1539) 3.5.1 The Medieval period is represented within the ecclesiastical remains of the church at Taplow, the remains of medieval fisheries located within and between the inlets, eyots and river bank, and the possible remains of medieval mill(s) located on the island Figure 10. Taplow was recorded in the Domesday Survey of 1086 when the manor was held by M. Roger, for the Bishop of Bayeux. The fact that settlement was recorded at Taplow in 1086 indicates that the area was settled by an Anglo-Saxon hegemonic culture prior to the Norman invasion of 1066. Thereafter the area was exploited by the Normans evident with the creation and expansion of settlements, agricultural systems and transportation routes (including a lock system just to the north of the Site) along the River Thames, throughout the area and the wider region along the Thames Valley.

3.6 Post-Medieval period (1539 AD – 1899) 3.6.1 The Post Medieval period is highlighted by some of the extant remains of the Paper Mill and the large residential houses situated along the western side of the Site. The 1637 Plan of the river shows only one mill site, however it was portrayed for legal and of economic reasons and the other mill was not referenced; there were however two mills recorded in the area during this period and a corn mill a little further to the south. John Roque’s Map pf 1754 shows also the possible outline of the Orkney Arms Hotel to the south west of the site, the Maydenhead Bridge, pre enclosure field system, ridge and furrow and a ferry crossing. However, Jeffery’s 1770 Map portrays little in the way of detail other than Maidenhead Bridge. Greater detail of the mill complex is clearly shown in the 1868 Plan of the Taplow Paper Mills, Figure 18, including the two inlets (mill leats) feeding two mills. The 1875 map Figure 10 shows clearly the mill infrastructure on Glen Island comprising the extended buildings of the Paper Mill strung along the island and the Corn Mill located just to the south east of the Paper Mill with the sluice or mill race following south for approximately 400m then turning west towards the Thames, coming out north of the Boat House further north of the Gas Works close to the eastern side of Dunloe Lodge. The remains of the mill stream can be traced on the 1900 map Figure 12. Today the remains of the mill stream can be located to the west of the Mill House including a tail race heading underneath the former Paper Mill buildings within a double bricked barrel vaulted culvert Plates 1 & 2 heading east immediately south of the 20th century structure, the Power House, the culvert is a 19th century structure, Appendix A, Figure 14.

3.7 Modern period (1900 AD – Present Day) 3.7.1 The Modern period is represented by 20th century industrial and residential property within the Site, the growth and expansion of the Paper Mill complex to the north east of the site and the Gas Holder and storage sheds to the centre of the Site are indicative of industrial expansion associated with the incremental urbanisation of many towns within the South Buckinghamshire District. To the south west of the Site properties constructed during the 20th century are aligned along the west side of Mill lane. The Paper Works was in operation until c.2006, when it closed for economic reasons and remains empty. The Gas Works can be traced back to the late 19th century and was located just west of Mill Lane and north of the Skindles Hotel Figures 11, 12 &13.

3.8 Site Visit

3.8.0 As outlined above, a site visit was been undertaken during the preparation of this ADBA on the 7th April 2014. The weather conditions were dry and sunny during the visit. Site photographs are included in Appendix A. 3.8.1 There is a public footpath which runs approximately south west to north east through the centre of the Site, carried by the existing footbridge over the Jubilee Relief River. There is a swathe of open grassland present towards the south of the footpath along much of the extent which is cut by the Jubilee River. To the west of the Site there is mainly open grassed areas bounded by Mill Lane to the west, the old field boundaries can be discerned by the linear amalgam of hedge rows and trees. To the north of the footpath, there is a large Gas Holder, presently not in use but not yet redundant, which also comprises grassed areas and hard standing. The south-eastern area of the Site comprises open grassland which fronts onto the Relief River. 3.8.2 No features indicating the presence of archaeologically significant remains were observed within the Site itself during this visit. 3.8.3 A brief appraisal follows of the Site Figure 9 divided into zones based on the site visit; the zones comprise of Taplow Mill, Riverside, Severnside and the Southern Zone, brief descriptions of topography and ground conditions including ground disturbance of these zones is discussed below. 3.8.4 Taplow Mill. Throughout the majority of this zone the ground surface consists of concrete hard standing with interspersed areas of tarmac and gravelled surfaces. Surrounding Glen Island House and Mill House further to the west from the Paper Mill site, the area consists mainly of grassed gardens with some trees and garden shrubs which lie adjacent to the eastern bank of the River Thames. It appears that this part of the Taplow Mill zone is largely un-developed and has remained since the mid-19th century. To the north and north- west of the zone lies undeveloped rough grassland. The ground surface area within and surrounding the Paper Mill has been heavily developed over the past hundred years or more, which greatly affects the potential for the survival of archaeological deposits. However, the areas within this zone further to the west and north could have high archaeological potential but are areas that will not be affected by intrusive development from the proposed scheme. 3.8.5 Riverside. This zone begins to the west of Mill Lane where is bends heading east towards Taplow village, along the bank of the Thames the area heads south following the river bank towards where Mill Lane junctions at Bath Road. The north section of this zone is very overgrown with small trees and bushes/shrubs it appears largely un-developed. The area surrounding Dunloe Lodge, which is currently fenced off, is again extremely overgrown and was once the ornamental gardens of a substantial Victorian Villa. Underlying the undergrowth is probably the remains of this ornamental garden. Further to the south the within the landscape there are pockets of previously disturbed land that fronts onto the river bank, the area has been periodically redeveloped over the past 150 years or more, mainly around the old Gas Depot Figures 11 & 12 the Skindles Hotel and the Boat House for example, therefore this would have had a detrimental effect upon underlying archaeological deposits. 3.8.6 Severnside. This zone is characterised by the highly visible Gas Holder, 20th century warehousing and car-parking area. The majority of this zone is covered in a mixture of concrete hard-standing, tarmac and gravels including small areas of grass and shrub. This zone is bounded by Mill Lane to the north and west, the Jubilee River to the east and the footpath to the south. There is potential for surviving archaeological deposits in this zone, mainly towards the north, however, this area has been used as a dumping ground during the construction of the Jubilee River and therefore modern make up layers may predominate within this area. The south west part of this zone will be highly truncated by the foundations for the Gas Holder and modern warehousing associated with the former paper mill.

Project number: 44170 Dated: 12/03/2015 | 3.8.7 The Southern Zone. This is largely a publicly accessible area, consisting of natural meadow with some gravelled areas to the south west. This zone is separated by the Jubilee Relief River and comprises a large expansive grassland area. The zone appears to have remained undisturbed for 200 years and the field boundaries are clearly evident on the ordnance survey maps of 1875, 1899 and 1900 Figures 10, 11 & 12 including the foot path acting as the boundary aligned on a south west north east axis Figures 10 & 17. The south of the zone is bounded by the (A 4) Bath Road.

3.9 Historic Landscape Characterisation 3.9.1 A Historic Landscape Characterisation Study for Buckinghamshire (Ref. 12) was completed by Buckinghamshire County Council, which has mapped the historic dimensions of the present landscape of the county, and has thus been created from differing processes of landscape change. The relevant HLC land conditions are illustrated on Figure 6. 3.9.2 This study classified the Site on the on the east bank of the Thames to be characterised as a mixture of wooded terrace and undulating farmland. The Site lies within the district of South Buckinghamshire which is the most built up area in the county and has seen more 20th century change than any other district. The historic settlement pattern of the region, surrounding Taplow, east of the River Thames, was a mixture of nucleated and dispersed forms, including small towns and common edge settlements however this is very much obscured by modern development. 3.9.3 The field pattern that surrounds Taplow and further to the east is that of enclosed fields which comprise only 35% of the Districts landscape. They are of diverse and fragmented character with no type or period predominating. The largest coverage is of 20th century enclosures, a reflection of the changes away from farming to leisure use. 3.9.4 The landscape historic characterisation of the Site can be divided into four main areas Figure 9; Area 1, comprises the Skindles Hotel and River Frontage leading down towards the river crossing and the post medieval Maidenhead Bridge. Area 2, the woodland river bank comprises a more natural river bank landscape which reaches up to the tip of the island forming the northern most boundary of the Site. An industrial zone comprising of the derelict former Paper Mill and large industrial buildings, a disused Gas Holder and large storage sheds, denotes the mains elements of Area 3. To the south of the Site is the largest area, Area 4, a large expanse of meadow land which is dissected by the Jubilee River and by a foot-path to the north and is an open area accessible to the public. 3.9.5 In essence the Site area has remained largely un-changed since the Post Medieval period. The general layout of the area can still be traced on historic maps, the insertion of the Jubilee River follows roughly the course of the old mill stream and the meadow land to the south is the same as portrayed on historic maps, including the foot-path crossing the meadow on an approximate E-W alignment located to the north which can be traced to the mid-19th century. Area 1 is a 19th century development making use of the improved access to the area afforded by the construction of the 18th century stone bridge showing the transition from the post medieval agricultural use of the river to a 19th century use and function focussing on leisure and industry. Area 3, mainly the northern portion, has always pertained to agricultural-industrial use in the form of water mills for grinding corn, fulling cloth and making paper Figure 10. 3.9.6 If one examines the topography of the Site in layers, the earliest discernible surface layer on the Site consists of post medieval meadow land to the south with wooded river bank interspersed with semi-industrial works relating to at least two watermills and their associated buildings elsewhere. The next layer would consist of late 19th century development to the south west located along the river bank and the expansion of the mills into an industrial paper works with 19th century houses constructed to the north west of the Site overlooking the Thames, an association with the leisure and paper making industries. The final layer is represented by the modern structures shown in Areas 1 and 3, residential housing and industrial structures, respectively, and the cutting of the meadow by the modern Jubilee Relief River, which appears to follows the course of the earlier millstream shown on historic maps Figures 10, 11 & 12.

3.10 Previous Archaeological Investigations 3.10.1 A number of recent archaeological investigations have taken place within the Study Area. The results of these investigations are summarised in Table 4 below and their location is shown on Figure 2.

Table 4: Previous Archaeological Investigations

EvUID Name and Summary of finds Evaluation trial trenching EBC16605

Evaluation trial trenching, test pitting and augur surveys undertaken by TVAS in EBC10294 1991

Archaeological building recording in advance of the demolition of Taplow Court Ice House (Berry Hill Ice House) undertaken by Oxford Archaeology in 1998. The EBC16336 building was likely to date to 1855 and comprised three barrel-vaulted brick walled chambers.

Geophysical survey of route of access road at Berry Hill Farm, Taplow by GSB Prospection in 2000. The survey identified probable existing pipelines, pit-type EBC16341 anomalies, a ditch and two faint linear traces.

Evaluation trial trenching at Taplow Court EBC16342

Geophysical survey of St Nicholas's Graveyard and Bapsey's Meadow, Taplow EBC16344

Parchmark Survey of St Nicholas's Churchyard, Taplow EBC16345

Excavations along the line of the Maidenhead, Windsor and Eton Flood Alleviation EBC16348 Scheme

Maidenhead, Windsor and Eton Flood Alleviation Scheme EBC16358

Area excavation of hillfort at Taplow Court EBC16343

Evaluation trial trenching EBC16679

Archaeological investigation of a lift pit in Taplow Court EBC16837

Watching brief EBC17099

Watching brief EBC17100

Watching brief EBC17101

Excavation EBC17102

Geophysical survey along Taplow-Dorney pipeline EBC16923

Geophysical survey on Taplow-Dorney pipeline EBC16925

Evaluation, excavation and watching brief on Taplow-Dorney pipeline EBC16925

EBC17103 Excavation

Project number: 44170 Dated: 12/03/2015 |

Geophysical survey EBC17104

Geophysical surveys EBC17416

ERM1509 Archaeological Evaluation at former Chef Peaking, Ray Mead Road, Maidenhead

4 Archaeological Assessment

4.1 Archaeological Potential and Importance

Prehistoric 4.1.1 The geographical location, topography and the geology of the area has resulted in a region that has a high potential and a greater propensity for prehistoric archaeological remains. The main focus of this activity lies immediately to the east and west of the Site in the form of the prehistoric hill fort (Late Bronze /Iron Age) and the River Thames, respectively. 4.1.2 A high number of Prehistoric assets are known within the Site and wider Study Area. However, recent archaeological investigation and evaluation has shown the area surrounding Taplow to be a focus for early (Palaeolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic) as well as late prehistoric activity (Bronze Age and Iron Age). A significant proportion of the early prehistoric material is likely to derive from the terrace gravels (Shepperton and Lynch Hill Members) in the area, which were deposited after the last Ice Age. Stone tools from this period are washed up from the gravel and alluvial deposits by the river and its tributaries and it is as a result of the repeated dredging of the river channel that many of these finds have been recovered. Therefore, in accordance with the criteria outlined in Table 3, it is concluded that the potential for surviving prehistoric remains within the Site is high. 4.1.3 The South Buckinghamshire District Landscape Character Assessment (2011) and the Buckinghamshire Historic Landscape Character Assessment (2006) (Ref. 11, Ref. 12) identifies the need to understand the patterns of occupation, settlement and cultural changes in the region and explore the relationship between South Buckinghamshire region and the historic landscape of the Thames Valley, its woodland and riverine settlements during the prehistoric period. The examination of the relationships between the varied landscape areas and human activity, including river valley activity, can provide much better information about riverine settlement and the use and impact upon the surrounding landscape. This is based upon findings from the ‘Solent Thames Archaeological Framework’ (2010) (Ref. 10). A focus on continued human activity and occupation patterns along the Thames from the Palaeolithic to the Roman period is highlighted by the changes in the landscape, especially along the river, following the changes in transport and trade. Given the research aims highlighted above, it is concluded that the importance of archaeological remains from this period is also considered to be high.

Roman 4.1.4 The only known Roman asset within the Study Area is a probable Romano-British farmstead located further to the east of the Site, just outside the search area (SU 912 817), with cropmarks of enclosure ditches and track ways visible from aerial photographs. The remains of a co-axil field system, also likely to be Romano- British in date, are also visible as cropmarks to the east of Taplow village (SU 913 828). Evaluation within these areas in advance of pipeline construction uncovered Romano-British pottery, as well as Mesolithic and Neolithic finds and Bronze Age and Iron Age pits (Coleman and Collard 2005, 8-10). No cropmark sites have been recorded within the proposed Site, but the land use across most of this area is not conducive to the formation of cropmarks. However, Romano-British pottery sherds were found within the vicinity of the hillfort, indicating that occupation of the area may have continued after the Roman invasion (Fairclough 2003), otherwise there is limited evidence from the surrounding area. Therefore, it is concluded that the potential for surviving Roman remains within the Site is low. Given that there appears to be limited evidence for Roman assets within the vicinity of the Site the importance of Roman archaeology regionally however would therefore be considered medium.

Project number: 44170 Dated: 12/03/2015 | Early Medieval/Anglo-Saxon 4.1.5 Early Medieval/Anglo-Saxon assets are highlighted by the Scheduled Monument, the burial mound, within the Study Area and evidence of occupation in this period is centred on this asset and portrays continuous occupation from the Early Medieval period. Therefore, it is concluded that the potential for surviving Early Medieval/Anglo-Saxon remains within the Site is considered medium. 4.1.6 Given the research aims highlighted by the Solent Thames Research Framework and the close proximity to the Scheduled Monument, it is concluded that the importance of archaeological remains from this period is considered to be high.

Medieval 4.1.7 There are no medieval assets within the Site nevertheless there are a number of assets from the medieval period within the surrounding Study Area; however the Site lies just outside the area identified as the medieval core of Taplow. Therefore, given the above, it is concluded that the potential for surviving medieval remains within the Site is low. 4.1.8 The Buckinghamshire County Council Historic Landscape Characterisation Study (BCCHLCS) has identified the need to understand the landscape as dispersed rural settlements and there development and maintenance over the region as a whole and concerning historiography (Ref. 14). Further investigation of agricultural practices (including animal husbandry) and land use through more systematic sampling can only enhance the medieval research agenda. Given the research aims highlighted above, it is concluded that the importance of archaeological remains from this period is medium to low.

Post-medieval 4.1.9 Post-medieval assets are known in the Site and Study Area evident within information extracted from the HER and historic maps showing the Maidenhead Bridge and the Listed Buildings on Glen Island including assets within the mill complex Figures 10, 12 & 13. Based on this evidence, it is considered that the potential for surviving archaeological deposits from the Post-Medieval period within the Site is medium to high. 4.1.10 The BCCHLCS identifies the need to understand the transition from the Medieval period to the Modern period and the effects of the growing population and proximity to London on the landscape (Ref. 12). The need to understand the development of farms and the specialisation of agricultural as well as the process of urbanisation is also highlighted. Given the research aims highlighted above, it is concluded that the importance of archaeological remains from this period is medium.

Modern 4.1.11 There are no modern assets within the Site, although there is a continuation of occupation following on from the Post Medieval period evident throughout the wider Study Area, especially concerning the modern field pattern portraying a move from agricultural activity towards leisure and industry. However, the Gas Holder is of local interest due to its visual prominence within the local landscape during the last half century, it was constructed sometime between 1955 and 1970; it is to be dismantled as part of the proposed development, Figure 8. Given the information outlined above, it has been concluded that the potential for surviving archaeological deposits from this period is low. 4.1.12 The development of agricultural practices during the Modern period is a key research aim within the BCCHLCS (Ref. 12). Given the research aims highlighted above, it is concluded that the importance of archaeological remains from this period is considered to be low.

5 Previous Disturbance 5.1.1 Previous activity at the Site has the potential to truncate or remove archaeological remains (if present). A summary of previous activities, use and condition Figure 9 and associated disturbance Figure 8 is provided below: ■ There is the potential for activities associated with the former Paper Mill within the Site to have severely truncated or removed archaeological remains in the north eastern section of the Site (Area 3A); ■ The 19th century residential and commercial development along the bank of the Thames as suggested by the site visit and evident through historic map survey has the potential to contain disturbed or truncated archaeological remains within, (Area 1), of the Site. However, these activities within (Area 2) are not considered to be significant in terms of loss of material and ■ There is the potential for activities associated with the Gas Holder (Area 3B), the former Gas Works further to the west (Area 1) and former storage area (Area 3B) with the construction and demolition of some or all previous depot buildings within the central and north-western part of the Site to have truncated or removed archaeological remains within this area of the Site. 5.1.2 The areas which have been subject to previous ground disturbance discussed above are illustrated on Figure 9. Given the above, it is considered that the areas of the Site that have been subject to previous disturbance have a low to negligible potential for surviving archaeological remains from all periods.

6 Recommendations 6.1.1 The assessment has outlined the archaeological potential of the Site and examined the effects of existing and, as far as possible, proposed impacts upon that potential. This assessment is based on desk- based study of existing information, and therefore cannot be considered to be a definitive statement on the presence or absence of archaeological deposits in any given area but the assessment has identified a low to high potential for archaeological remains to be present within specific areas of the Site. 6.1.2 Therefore, further archaeological evaluation to record any surviving features is recommended, the scope and nature of these works has been subject to on-going discussion with the Senior Archaeology Officer at Buckinghamshire County Council. The research from the desk based assessment and consultation with the Senior Archaeology Officer has resulted in the following recommendations. 6.1.3 It is recommended that any archaeological evaluation undertaken should entail the following works described for each zone Figure 9. The Taplow Mill zone will require historic buildings survey to create a detailed record of all structural remains concerning the former Paper Mill prior to demolition, all demolition and ground works to be monitored as part of a watching brief. This would be imposed as a condition to planning consent. Within the Riverside zone consideration should be made to the former Skindles Hotel complex Figures 8, 9 & 10 and a similar historic buildings survey prior to demolition including a watching brief undertaken during demolition and ground works should be maintained, also to be attached as a condition to planning consent. The area north of the Gas Holder within the Severnside zone should be evaluated and sampled for archaeological potential through geoarchaeological survey creating a definitive deposit model, this survey would inform any further archaeological evaluation such as targeted trial trenching across areas within the zone that are accessible. Initial review of the geo technical data for the Severnside area has indicated deep lying modern deposits (c.2.0m) that may preclude further evaluation within this area. The positioning of trenches should be agreed with the Senior Archaeology Officer and a WSI prepared following Buckinghamshire County Councils brief/method statement in advance of trial trenching. The evaluation will be initiated and guided by the geoarchaeological deposit model which will inform further the evaluation strategy..

Project number: 44170 Dated: 12/03/2015 | 6.1.4 An on-going archaeological watching brief and survey will be conditioned attached to planning permission and therefore undertaken immediately prior to and during the demolition and ground works phase of the development. The conditions would require historic buildings survey (following English Heritage Guidelines) and an on-going archaeological watching brief within the areas where demolition, renovation and ground works are to take place. 6.1.5 The evaluation would be undertaken to determine the presence/absence of archaeological remains and, if present, their character, extent, quality and preservation, and to enable an assessment of their worth in a local, regional, national or international context as appropriate.

7 Summary 7.1.1 This ADBA has been undertaken in line with the Chartered Institute for Archaeologists (CIfA) 'Standard and Guidance for Historic Environment Desk-based assessment' and the DMRB Volume 11, Section 3 Part 2 HA208/07 'Cultural Heritage', English Heritage 'Guidance for the Setting of Heritage Assets' (2011). The South Bucks District Landscape Characterisation Assessment (2011), the Buckinghamshire Historic Landscape Characterisation Study (2006) and the Solent Thames Archaeological Research Framework (2010) have been used to inform the assessment of potential importance of any currently unknown archaeological assets. 7.1.2 Based on the available evidence, there is medium potential for assets to be present from the Early Medieval/Anglo-Saxon period; low and high potential for remains to be present from the Roman and Prehistoric periods respectively. There is low potential for archaeological deposits from the Medieval and Modern periods; medium potential for assets to be present from the Post-Medieval period. However, there has been in places, substantial disturbance at the Site from the construction of elements of the late 19th century and 20th century Paper Mill, and the remains of the former Gas Works, the Gas Holder and Sheds located to the centre and beyond towards the north east of the Site which may have truncated and or obliterated underlying archaeological deposits and features. Moreover, works from the construction of the Jubilee River to the east of the Site may also have resulted in intensive disturbance, especially within the Severnside area, recent geo- technical data obtained from the Severnside area has indicated the presence of modern make up layers throughout this area to an average depth of c.2.0m. 7.1.3 The assessment has outlined the archaeological potential of the Site and examined the effects of existing and, as far as possible, proposed effects upon that potential. This assessment is based on desk-based study of existing information, and therefore cannot be considered to be a definitive statement on the presence or absence of archaeological deposits in any given area but the assessment has identified low to high potential for archaeological deposits existing on the Site. 7.1.4 Therefore, further archaeological evaluation to record any surviving features is recommended, and the scope and nature of these works, outlined above, is subject to on-going consultation with the relevant officers at Buckinghamshire County Council. These works would be undertaken to determine the presence/absence of archaeological remains and, if present, their character, extent, quality and preservation, and to enable an assessment of their worth in a local, regional, national or international context as appropriate.

References

Documentary sources Ref. 1 Chartered Institute for Archaeologists (2012) ‘Standards and Guidance for historic environment desk- based assessment’ Ref. 2 Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act (AMAAA) 1979 Ref. 3 Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) (P(LBCA)) Act 1990 Ref. 4 Treasure Act 1996 Ref. 5 Burial Act 1857 Ref. 6 Department for Communities and Local Government (2012) National Planning Policy Framework Ref. 7 South Buckinghamshire County Council (2011) Core Strategy Ref. 8 South Buckinghamshire District Council (2013) Supplementary Planning Document Ref. 9 Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DRMB) (2007) Volume 11 Section 3 Part 2 HA208/07 Cultural Heritage Ref. 10 the Solent Thames Research Framework (2010) Ref. 11 The South Buckinghamshire District Landscape Character Assessment (2011) Ref. 12 Buckinghamshire Historic Landscape Characterisation Study (2006) Buckinghamshire County Council Ref. 13 Hulka, K. (2013) Initial Archaeological Appraisal, Mill Lane, Taplow. Heritage Collective Ref. 14 Archaeology and Cultural Heritage Chapter for Environmental Statement prepared for land at St.Regis Paper Mill and adjoining land, Taplow. ARCUS, 2009 Ref. 15 Final Report. Archaeological Desk Study on land associated with Taplow Mill and Skindles Hotel, Taplow Maiden head, Buckinghamshire. Prepared for St. Regis Paper Company Ltd, ARCUS, 2006 Ref. 16 Coleman, L. and Collard, M. (2005) Taplow Dorny Pipeline, Taplow, Buckinghamshire. Post Excavation Assessment and Updated Project Design. Unpublished Cotswold Archaeology Report 05078. Ref. 17 Fairclough, G. (2003) Taplow Court, South Terrace, Report on the Excavations by Taplow Court Archaeological Survey Team, Trenches 3 – 5, 1998-99. Unpublished TCAST Report Ref. 18 Banks and Stanley. (1990) The Thames: A History from the Air. Oxford University Press

Cartographic and Photographic Sources Buckinghamshire CRO The 1875 OS Map of Taplow 26.6in to 1m The 1831 OS Map of Taplow 26.6in to 1m

Project number: 44170 Dated: 12/03/2015 | Figures

Figure 1 Site Location Plan

Project number: 44170 Dated: 12/03/2015 | Figure 2 Historic Environment Record

Figure 3 Location of Heritage Assets

Project number: 44170 Dated: 12/03/2015 | Figure 4 – Historic Environment Record, Events

Figure 5 – Historic Environment Record, Fieldnames

Project number: 44170 Dated: 12/03/2015 | Figure 6 – Historic Landscape Characterisation

Figure 7 – National Monuments Record

Project number: 44170 Dated: 12/03/2015 | Figure 8 – Plan of Proposed Development

Figure 9 – Previous Disturbance

Figure 10 – Extract from 1st Ed. OS Taplow 1875

Project number: 44170 Dated: 12/03/2015 | Figure 11 – Extract from OS Map of Glen Island, Taplow 1899

Figure 12 – Extract from OS Map of Taplow 1900

Project number: 44170 Dated: 12/03/2015 | Figure 13 – Extract from OS Map of Taplow 1913-14

Figure 14 – Extract from Glen Island, Taplow 1931

Project number: 44170 Dated: 12/03/2015 | Figure 15 – Extract from Glen Island, Taplow 1955

Figure 16 – Extract from Glen Island, Taplow 1973

Project number: 44170 Dated: 12/03/2015 | Figure 17 – Extract from OS Map of Taplow 2013

Figure 18 – Extract from the 1868 Plan of the Paper Mills, Taplow

Project number: 44170 Dated: 12/03/2015 | Appendices

Appendix A - Site Photographs

Plate 1: A view looking east at the northern-most inlet showing two brick arched culverts that have been blocked off at some point.

Plate 2: A close up view showing the larger brick arched culvert in detail with the early to mid 19th century brick work

Project number: 44170 Dated: 12/03/2015 | Plate 3: This views shows the detail of the smaller brick culvert, again blocked off, this possibly shows some pipe work linked either to the steam sheds or the engine house.

Plate 4: A view looking east showing the northern inlet heading east under the Paper Mill buildings, the 19th century brick culverts are underlying the bridge

Plate 5: A view looking north east at the mill building showing the ground condition, concrete hard standing

Plate 6: A view looking east at the mill buildings

Project number: 44170 Dated: 12/03/2015 | Plate 7: A view looking south east at the mill buildings showing concrete hard standing

Plate 8: A view looking west at the depth of the modern sluice for the Relief River, showing depth of concrete

Plate 9: A view within the southern zone looking west towards the Skindles Hotel

Plate 10: A view looking south down Mill Lane from the entrance to the former Paper Mill, to the south west is the warehouse area and Severnside zone

Project number: 44170 Dated: 12/03/2015 | Appendix B – Gazetteer Designated Heritage assets

Ref No Asset Name NGR Period Grade Importance Description

1014781, Saxon Barrow, SU 90628 Post- Scheduled High The monument includes a large DBC7188 Church and 82169 Roman/Anglo- Monument Saxon burial mound, the buried Cemeteries in the Saxon remains of an early Anglo-Saxon Old Churchyard at and later medieval church, and Taplow Court part of the pagan and Christian cemeteries thought to have surounded these features within the old churchyard immediately to the south west of Taplow Court.

1000135, Berry Hill SU 9072 8157 Post-Medieval Grade II Medium Mid C19 pleasure grounds and a DBC1083 Registered Historic small park laid out by Robert Park and Garden Marnock between 1856 and 1860 around a modest country house (now gone), with extensive artificial rockwork by Names Pulham.

1000323, Cliveden SU 9104 8447 Post-Medieval Grade I High Extensive and complex gardens, DBC1076 Registered Historic pleasure grounds and woodland; Park and Garden main phase early C18, utilising late C17 base. C18 work largely extant, a base for C19 and C20 additions and re-working of features. Early C18 work by Charles Bridgeman; Alexander Pope influential. Rose garden design by Sir Geoffrey Jellico, 1950s.

1000607, Taplow Court SU90628245 Post-Medieval Grade II Medium Early C18 pleasure grounds and a DBC1092 Registered Historic small park, with C19 formal Park and Garden gardens, surrounding a mid C19 country house.

DBC7388 Taplow SU90878228 - Conservation Medium Taplow lies on the borders of Area Buckinghamshire and Berkshire close to the River Thames, on the western edge of the Burnham plateau. The parish of Taplow has roughly three diviions; the Thames river plain in the south, the wooden plateau in the north (which includes the Cliveden and Dropmore estates) and the vilage built on the slope between the two. The most significant architectural feature of Taplow village, and the historic focus of this settlement, is Taplow Court, a large country house set in 85 acres of grounds leading down to the river. Much of the surrounding land, inluding the neighbouring village of Taplow, has strong historic links to Taplow Court, which stands imperiously on the headland overlooking the Thames Valley.

DBC7289 Taplow River SU90298141 - Conservation Medium Taplow parish forms the western Area most of South Bucks District. The parish has roughly three divisions; the Thames River plain in the south, the wooden Burnham plataeu in the north (which

Ref No Asset Name NGR Period Grade Importance Description

includes the Cliveden and Dropmore estates) and Taplow village built on the slope between the two. The Taplow Riverside conservation area lies in the flood plain on the eastern bank of the River Thames facing the town of Maidenhead across the river. The land in the conservation area is flat and does not rise above the 25 metre contour. The Burnham Plateau meets the Thames where the chalk cliffs, on which Taplow Court and Cliveden stand, overlook the northern end of the conservation area. Important communication routes which pass through the area have been crucial to its development; first the River Thames, then the road from London to Bath and Bristol (the current A4) and finally the railway. Now the creation of the Thames Path national trail has provided another link bringing more opportunities for developemnt of tourism. London, only 22 miles away, is within commuting distance by train. The M4 is close enough to be earshot whils trh M40 is accessible at Beaconsfield about 6 miles away. The links combined within the pleasant riverside setting and rural backdrop make Taplow an attractive place, work and visit. The conservation area forms a long narrow strip sitting on land between the Thames to the west and the Jubliee River to the east. The two bridges divide the area into three zones which display different characters, albeit with certain common themes. North of the A4 there is a mixed character, residential but mainly commercial. In the middle part between the A4 and the Brunel railway bridge a suburban character predomiannts, whilst the southern end consists of larger houses, more generously spaced ina rural setting. However the Thames so dominates the area that it unites all three by generating a feeling of leisure, the use which now prevails on the water.

1117582 Gardeners arms SU 89253 Post Medieval Grade II Ham house, now offices. Early to public house 81289 Listed mid C15, altered and extended Building C19, mid C20 and late C20. Part timber frame, part rendered bricK ; old tile gabled roof. L-plan with additional extension at rear. Front range of 4 framed bays with former cross passage in second bay and former solar at west end. 2 storeys. South front, facing road. Four casement windows with

Project number: 44170 Dated: 12/03/2015 | Ref No Asset Name NGR Period Grade Importance Description

horizontal glazing bars on first floor. Ground floor has 2 sash windows with marginal glazing on either side of C20 entrance door. Other C20 entrance door on left. Interior: redundant crown post roof with clasped purlins and long arched windbraces at west end over solar. Some timbers are sooted. There are traces of wall paintings remaining in the solar.

1117583 Green dragon SU 89446 Post-Medieval Grade II Late C18. 2 storeys, red brick public house 81288 Listed hipped old tile roof. Re-built Building chimney on ridge to LH, brick dentil eaves. 1st floor, six bays double hung sash windows with glazing bars and moulded architrave surrounds, stone cills. Ground floor five similar windows but under flat brick arches. Later half glazed doors one on LH other on RH under plain flat hood. T- shape on plan with small half hipped projection at rear. Other C19 extension at rear.

1117586 Ray lodge SU 89839 Post-Medieval Grade II Now flats. Mid C18 3 storeys, and 81446 Listed basement. Red brick with parapet Building and painted dentil cornice. Hipped slate roof and flanking chimneys. South front, 6 windows double hung sash with glazing bars, stone cills on upper floors. 4 windows on ground floor without bars, central timber Doric portico pediment cornices frieze on four fluted columns without bases and capitals and pilasters, approached by broad flight of twelve stone steps with simple iron railings. Central door flanked by 2 windows under portico. 4 windows in basement. North elevation six double hung sashes with glazing bars 2nd floor. 1st floor has four windows with glazing bars and central Palladian window under large gauged brick relieving arch, now partly covered by C19 service tower extension. Two flanking 2 storey Pavilions, brick with moulded wood cornice, each 3 windows and central chimney, and linked across front by a tall tuscan colonnade of nine bays. Slender wood columns on moulded plinths carried up to height of basement and ground floors. Centre breaks forward to form a portico with 2 columns widely spaced in front and 3 at sides. There are 3 columns on either side of portico and pilasters against the Pavilions

1117593 Maidenhead court SU 90344 Post-Medieval Grade II Boathouse. 1899. Rendered brick, boathouse 82948 Listed tile hung and half-timbered above, Building tile roof. Open boathouse below accommodation above. Two storeys and attic. Four segmental

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headed glazed doors on ground floor, the centre two wider. 7 windows above, 1.5.1, the outer ones gabled, the inner ones all within a large gable, 2 windows flank clock in gable, two tall rendered stacks. A palatial boathouse built for H Woodhouse, a local boat builder, and little altered.

1117594 West Court SU 90091 Post-Medieval Grade II Large house by the River Thames. 80580 Listed 1899 by William West Nev for Building himself. Brick, past painted roughcast, part decorative tile hanging. Old tile hipped roof. Rectangular plan with belvedere projecting from south-east corner. 2 storeys and attics. Several chimneys with offset heads and clay pots. Casement windows and mullioned and transomed windows, all with square leading. East front, facing river:- Irregular. Belvedere on left on 3 floor; the top floor on open balcony with wooden balustrading, under a steeply pitched octagonal roof surmounted by a weathervane. Centre section with 2 dormers, the one on the left has a flat roof and 6-light window; the one on the right has 2 gablets, glazed door to balcony, flanked by 4- and 3-light windows. Below this a 2-storey square bay window of 6-lights on each level, divided by an apron of false timbering in herring-bone pattern. A recessed balcony on first floor to the right of the bay window over a projecting window and garden door with lean-to roof. On the left of the bay window are 2 bays of large mullioned transomed windows separated by a brick panel with balconies and wrought iron tailings above. 2 pairs of glazed doors and flanking casement windows give access to balconies. On the left of this is a small covered terrace with wooden balustrading. On the right is a one bay gable with false timbering in apex. Large 6-light cant bay window on first floor. 6-light window below with pair of glazed doors in centre. West (entrance) front:- plainer, with entrance door on right in enclosed porch formed by continuation of roof slope from gable. Interior: mostly intact, with elaborate carved panelling and chimney piece in dining room.

1117619 Maidenhead bridge SU 90145 Post-Medieval Grade I Opened to traffic in 1777. Built by 81356 Listed John Townsend of Oxford to the Building design of and under supervision of Sir Robert Taylor. Portland stone. 5 arches over river with four diminishing arches in the

Project number: 44170 Dated: 12/03/2015 | Ref No Asset Name NGR Period Grade Importance Description

approaches, stone projecting verniculated voussoirs, moulded cornice and balustrade

1117620 Oldfield lodge SU 89946 Post-Medieval Grade II* Late C18 built for Count de Crecy 81291 Listed 179O. 3 storeys yellow stock brick, Building moulded stone cornice, parapet with moulded stone coping and balustrade panels over windows, hipped slate roof and flanking chimneys. Three windows with glazing bars and red brick arches on 2nd floor the one on RH blocked and painted in. On first floor the principal floor, two Parradian windows in arched recesses with radiating fan ornament in tympamum, that on RH blocked and painted in.

Central six-panelled door with side lights and radiating fanlight in similar surround approached by flight of moulded stone steps with central landing and plain tailings. Three windows ground floor with glazing bars, semi-circular head with pilasters and moulded surround.

Screen wall to road has brick piers with stone strings, moulded stone caps with composite rosettes between. Gate piers have original wrought iron lampholders.

1117625 Footbridge 50 SU 90125 Post-Medieval Grade II Late C19 cast iron and timber metres south of 81134 Listed footbridge. Four shallow arches oldfield to guards Building with gothick cusped tracery in club island spandrels. Wrought iron scroll and leaf brackets to each timber pier. Set above water level on timber supports reached by simple flight of stone steps on either side. Simple tubular iron handrails in twisted cast balusters, each span has cast plaque with iron rampart crest in centre. Recently restored.

1124362, Walls of the old SU 90587 Post-Medieval Grade II Medium C17. Red brick. Arcade of DBC1294 parish church of st 82184 Listed semicircular arches; brick plinths. nicholas Building Wrought iron gates. The old parish church was a ruin in 1853. A new red brick one had been built in 1828 but this was burned down and replaced by the present parish church by Fellowes Prynne on another site in 1912.

1124363, Grenfell memorial SU 90627 Modern Grade II Medium Stone monument 1920 to A and G DBC1295 south of old 82138 Listed Grenfell with carved relief of Apollo churchyard, taplow Building and chariot by B Mackennal. court Bronze panel behind with poem by Juliain Grenfell.

1124364, Gate piers to SU 90754 Post-Medieval Grade II Medium C19. Red brick; grouped courses Listed with recessed brick between.

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DBC1296 taplow court 82243 Building Stone griffins on bases with swags and corner hound heads

1124365, Former estate SU 90743 Post-Medieval Grade II Medium Circa 1890 and built as a single DBC1297 office, taplow court, 82163 Listed composition. Two storeys. (now apparently Building Patterned tile roof. Elaborately rooms 4501 to barge boarded gables. FORMER 4503) and the ESTATE OFFICE. Half-timbered; cottage adjoining it brick infill. Two unequal gabled to the east bays. Ground floor with a 4-light window and a 4- centred door and 2-light window beneath a single broad segmental arch in the spandrels of which are beasts. First floor with one 3-light and one 2-light window. All windows except the 4-light one with leaded lights. ADJOINING COTTAGE. Yellow and some red brick. Three bays. Ground floor with one 3-light window in a red brick frame and surmounted by a timber gable either side of a central door with porch gabled as the windows. First floor with, above the door, a single 2-light casement window with red brick sill and a gable like the ground

1124997, K6 telephone kiosk SU 91192 Modern Grade II Medium K6 Telephone Kiosk GV IT DBC1534 82176 Listed Telephone kiosk. Type K6. Building Designed 1935 by Sir Giles Gilbert Scott. Made by various contractors. Cast iron. Square kiosk with domed roof. Unperforated crowns to top panels and margin glazing to windows and door.

1125016, The cottage and SU 91121 Post-Medieval Grade II Medium Pair of cottages; C18; red-blue DBC1538 farm view 82187 Listed brick, colourwashed to road; old Building tile roofs with corbelled eaves cornice. Two storeys. First floor with 2 restored 2-light casements and sashes with glazing bars. Each cottage has central door beneath wooden gabled hood on brackets and 2 sashes with cambered relieving arches and glazing bars, one each side of entrance. To the left of the Cottage a garage.

1125017, The old rectory SU 91057 Post-Medieval Grade II Medium C18 and C19. Garden elevation; DBC1539 82192 Listed right hand section C18. Red-blue Building brick; machine tile roof. Two storeys. First floor with 2 almost square sashes. Ground floor with 2 sashes with cambered relieving arches. Central section restored and altered C19. Red-blue brick; slate roof. On left hand a bay window through 2 storeys. String course at lst floor level. On the right hand 2 sashes in 1st floor and, on ground floor, one large bay window. Left hand section set back. C19. Red-blue brick; slate roof. Two storeys. First floor with 3 sashes. String course at 1st floor

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level. The facade to the road very irregular.

1125018, Stables of old SU 91029 Post-Medieval Grade II Medium C19. Stock brick; slate-hipped DBC1540 rectory 82199 Listed roof. Central recessed entrance Building with loft door over. On right hand 2 pairs of carriage doors. On left hand 2 louvred windows with cambered relieving arches. Stock brick wall Joins house with stables.

1125019, Garden wall and SU 91072 Post-Medieval Grade II Medium C18 and C19. Red brick. Main DBC1541 entrance of old 82208 Listed entrance a door within rendered rectory Building surround of panelled sides, entablature and blocking course. Kitchen entrance a plain board door. Carriage entrance with board gates and square piers.

1125020, Garden wall and SU 91104 Post-Medieval Grade II Medium C18 and C19. Red brick restored DBC1542 gates of the 82198 Listed in places with stock brick. Modern Rectory Building square brick piers with wrought iron gates.

1125040, Green Drive Lodge SU 90999 Post-Medieval Grade II Medium Early C19. Now in DBC1562, 83317 Listed Cliveden,formerly belonged to Building Taplow Court. Cement rendered, colourwashed; slate roof with red ridge tiles. T-plan. One-storey. Central projecting gabled porch with pointed arch and board double doors with furniture. Windows in side walls: two 2-light casements with mullions and transom, stone cills, set in reveals. On right hard wall a splayed bay window.

1125056, Old cottage SU 91140 Post-Medieval Grade II Medium C17. Timber-framed; DBC1578 82321 Listed colourwashed brick nogging; old Building tile roof. One storey and attic. Two gabled dormers with bargeboards. Ground floor with one 3-light and one 2-light casement. On right hand one board door.

1125057, Neighbours, SU 91183 Post-Medieval Grade II Medium Late C16 or early C17 row of DBC1579 elmbank, and 82396 Listed cottages. Timber framed; losuce Building colourwashed brick nogging; old tile roof with 5 chimneys and 6 gabled dormer windows. One- storey and attics. Left hand. Projecting wing on left. In it a 5- light casement and gabled dormer with 3-light casement with leaded lights, then a centrally gabled end with, in gable, one diamond panel fixed window and then, on right hand, ground floor, 2-light casement. NEIGHBOURS. Two 2- light casements with leaded lights. ELMBANK. Board door; centre glazed window. On left hand one 1-light and on right hand one 2- light casement. LOSUCE. Board door. On left hand one 2-light casement; on right hand, one 1 light casement and one 3-light

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casement, all with glazing bars.

1125059, Hill house SU 90821 Post-Medieval Grade II Medium C18 and C19. Red brick, the DBC1581 82187 Listed facade colourwashed; slate roof. Building Three storeys; 4 bays, the left hand one a polygonal bay through 3 storeys. Bay 3 projects slightly. Bay 4 late C19 and with a string course at 2nd floor level. Ground floor with late C19 red brick porch in bay 2 and a bay window in bay 3. All other windows sashes, with flat heads in bays 1 and 2, segmental heads in bay 3 and (except the ground floor) cut brick heads in bay 4. All windows with glazing bars

1125060, Wall and gate piers SU 90908 Post-Medieval Grade II Medium C18. Red and red and blue brick. DBC1582 to elibank 82210 Listed Buttressed. Gate piers rebuilt. Building Approxi- mately 80 m length.

1136053 Smythes SU 89483 Post-Medieval Grade II* Endowed and built by James Almshouses 81336 Listed Smyth, Citizen and Salter of Building London 1659. 2 storeys, brick on projecting plinth, string at lst floor level, moulded brick eaves broken in centre with coat of arms and inscription. 1st floor windows in brick gables with parapet extensions. Old tile roof lain to pattern. 2 groups of diamond- shafted chimneys. 6 gables on 1st floor, each with 3-light casement window, the two centre gables joined by a brick pediment on curved brick bracketted cornice over central panel. The LH window has a stone sundial over. 6 taller casement windows ground floor. All windows have early C19 hexagonal paned lights. 2- panelled central door with moulded frame, flat hood on cut brackets. Return ends double gabled with central chimney stacks.

1136061 Bridgwater lodge SU 89999 Post-Medieval Grade II Late C18, 2 storeys and 81322 Listed basement, red brick with projecting Building basement, parapet and coping, hipped slate roof. 3 double hung sash windows in reveals with glazing bars. Gauged brick arches and stone cills on 1st floor, 2 similar windows on ground floor and central 3-panelled door the centre panel of which is a circle with flush ornament within a square. Semi-circular fanlight over with concentric and radiating key pattern glazing. Moulded architrave with lion mask corner blocks opposite door head. Door is approached by flight of eleven moulded stoe steps with plain wrought iron handrail. 2 windows in basement. Extension to RH of similar design, 1 window on each

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floor. Modern extension to LH.

1136088 Oldfield SU 90068 Post-Medieval Grade II Late C19 - early C20. Former 81201 Listed Guards Club. Large irregular Building idiosyncratic building, 2 storeys and attic, plain tile roofs with gables, hips, half hips and octagonal turret. Entrance front:- entrance to LH under timber framed and brick gabled porch. Gable to LH with carved, pierced cuspen bargeboard and alternating timber and plaster panels. First floor decorative tile hanging, ground floor brick with sandstone dressings to casement windows. Central portion, 2 storey red brick with stone panel and dressings, first floor stone mullioned and transomed window with 2 semi-circular headed lights, carved decoration in spandrels and ornamental leaded glazing. Ground floor stone panel with emi- circular window under drip mould flanked by carved decorative escutcheons. To RH half hipped gable with decorative bargeboard alternating timber and plaster panels, decorative tile hanging, red brick and stone dressings. River front, octagonal turret with belvedere to RH 1st floor mock Tudor alternating timber and plaster panels. Ground floor red brick with slender timber verandah. Lead roofed circular oriel turret on corner. Variety of gables with carved, cusped and pierced bargeboards. At river front, a boathouse contemporary with Oldfield, timber framed, gables and pitched roof of corrugated iron. Partly supported on yellow stock brick wall extending from Lodge. Interior has large stairs hall with imposing staircase with carved balusters..

1136174 K1 telephone kiosk SU 90320 Modern Grade II Kl telephone kiosk. Designed beside entrance to 82394 Listed 1921. Concrete, painted green. boulters inn, ray Building Plinth. All sides have 2 sunk mill island panels to base; sides and door have windows with glazing bars and bevelled edges to glass, the door having 6 panes, the sides having undivided central panes; vent holes to base and top of rear. Cyma-moulded cornice. Swept pyramidal roof crowned by beige plaques with raised brown border and lettering, "TELEPHONE", surmounted by four scrolled brackets to central spear-head finial. Telephone number Maidenhead 1291. The kiosk appears to be for an extension line from the switchboard of the hotel for guests use.

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1165286, Taplow court SU 90635 Post-Medieval Grade II Medium Dated 1855. The exterior in an DBC1729 (plessey 82216 Listed early Tudor style, but the interior telecommunications Building (with its central glazed hall rising research) the full height of the house) in a Romanesque style. Red brick; stone dressings; slate roof. Four storeys with 2 stone stringcourses carried round the building as drip moulds over the windows. Central projection with porch. Heavy oak door set in recess with Norman arch. Four windows one above the other. Corner chimneys corbelled out from the 2nd floor. On left, a bay window through 3 storeys; on right, windows with mullions and, on ground and 1st floors, transoms too. To the left and at right angles to the house, the stable court and offices. The back wing extends along the side of the churchyard of the old parish church of St Nicholas and is joined to the house by an octagonal tower. Most of the buildings red brick with slate roofs and 2 storeys high. The range facing the courtyard of the house with 4 gables reaching above eaves level and a clock turret over the archway.

1165300, Walls of former SU 90670 Post-Medieval Grade II Medium C17. Red brick with square piers DBC1730 kitchen garden to 82243 Listed surmounted by carved stone dogs. north east of taplow Building Wrought iron gates court

1165314, 4 urns in garden to SU 90608 Post Medieval Grade II Medium Set of 3 matching urns, 2 on walk DBC173 east and north of 82261 Listed West of old church walls and one taplow court Building in formal garden to North of house, apparently early C18, part of set of 4 presented by Queen Anne in 1705. Large stone urns on stone bases with armorial reliefs. A fourth at North West corner of formal garden is C18 or C19 marble vase on pedestal.

1165335, Dairy at taplow SU 90686 Modern Grade II Medium Mid C19. Brick and ashlar; old tile DBC1732 court 82102 Listed roof with alternate bands of plain Building and fishscale tiles. Cruciform in plan with applied wooden open 'Gothic' gabled porches in the short arms.

1165998 Church cottages SU 91130 Post Medieval Grade II Medium Dated centrally on front elevation 82573 Listed 'AD 1853' in raised red brickwork. Building Terrace of 6 cottages. Stock brick with red brick diamond set string course at 1st floor level and under eaves of slightly higher central section; old tile roof with fishscale bands. Two storeys. First floor, left hand and right hand sections, dormer gables rising into roof; six 2-light casements. Ground floor with 6 restored brick entrance porches with decorated plastered gables and tiled roofs and six 3- light casements. All windows with

Project number: 44170 Dated: 12/03/2015 | Ref No Asset Name NGR Period Grade Importance Description

diamond paned leaded lights. Stone cills, set flush, no arches, diamond paned leaded lights; cement rendered plinth.

1166030, Elibank house SU 90901 Post-Medieval Grade II Medium C18, altered. Red brick; old tile DBC1745 82243 Listed roof with moulded cornice. Two Building storeys; 5 bays, the central 3 advanced, quoined and pedimented. Quoins left and right. Ground floor with a modern bay window, a sash window with glazing bars and rusticated stone head, a modern closed porch with stone front and pediment and another sash and bay window. First floor with a Venetian window, a sash window with rusticated head, an arched window with scrolls and ears left and right and another sash and Venetian window. In the pediment a glazed lunette. In front a narrow terrace with brick retaining wall.

1166034, The Rectory SU 91040 Post-Medieval Grade II Medium Early C19 with early C20 addition DBC1746 Farmhouse 82240 Listed of metal sheet cladding at rear. Building Stock brick; old tile roof. L-plan. Two storeys; 3 bays, 2 gabled and one larger than the other, the third set back. First floor within each gable and in pointed openings, one sash with diamond glazing bars; in 3rd bay one sash. Ground floor with one sash, the door set in recess at top of flight of stone steps and C20 addition in the angle of the L.

1309102, Wee cott and rose SU 91166 Post-Medieval Grade II Medium C17 restored. Timber-framed; front DBC1774 cott 82328 Listed elevation rough cast; machine tile Building roof. Two storeys. First floor with two 2-light casements. Ground floor with in centre, 2 board doors beneath a single tiled hood on brackets and two 2-light casements with drip courses. All windows with curved top cornets and leaded lights.

1309135, Church of St SU 91220 Modern Grade II Medium Parish Church. 1911, by Fellowes DBC1775 Nicholas 82205 Listed Prynne. Ashlar with copper spire. Building Perpen- dicular Gothic. Brasses from former church, including the earliest surviving brass of a civilian in England, circa 1350

1317366, Gate piers to SU 90768 Post-Medieval Grade II Medium Back gates at lane to former DBC1779 churchyard of the 82183 Listed churchyard. 1799. Red brick. old parish church of Building Octagonal plinths with stone top st nicholas taplow courses; conde stone urns with court crowns and swags dated 1799

1319348 Brick wall to SU 89495 Post-Medieval Grade II C17 dwarf brick wall contemporary smythes almhouses 81332 Listed with Almshouses, stone coping numbers 79 to 85 Building and control gateway with short length of wall six feet high at RH end and short return right angles.

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1319352 Lodge adjoining SU 90068 Post-Medieval Grade II Late C19-early C20. Stock brick and south of 81180 Listed 1½ storeys, Gothick style with tall oldfield Building gabled roof, decorative tiling gabled dormers with decorative bargeboards. River front, one gable with cusped pierced bargeboard and slender cross braces, and 3 light timber window with slender pointed panels. Tall four sided turret to RH with small dormers. Very picturesque. Stone panel inscribed JBH 1895 on entrance front.

1319372 Milestone adjacent SU 89349 Post-Medieval Grade II C18 stone, re-set. Incised Roman to western end of 81299 Listed lettering reads on east face:- road bridge parapet Building To Reading 13 miles Bath 82 Henley 9 Oxford 32 on west face:- To Hyde Park Corner 26 miles Colnbrook 9 On front at base:- Cookham Parish

1332403, The Porches SU 91166 Post-Medieval Grade II Medium Cl7 restored. Timber-framed; DBC1850 82317 Listed colour-washed brick nogging; Building machine tile roof. Right hand side 2-storeyed porch with 1st floor oversailing on carved brackets, gabled and bargeboarded. First floor with one 3-light casement. Ground floor open with balusters at sides and front. Left hand side with one-storeyed gabled, rustic porch. First floor with one 2-light and two 3-light casements, gabled and rising into roof. Ground floor with one 2-light casement and two 4-light casements with mullions and transoms and arched heads to the lights. Most windows with diamond leaded lights.

1332734, Taplow House SU 90909 Post-Medieval Grade II Medium Built 1751. Altered about 1800 and DBC1973 Hotel 81918 Listed later, some of the later work being Building c1840 by Basevi for Lord Thomond; 2 storeys plus attic. Brick partly painted white. Entrance front severely plain with crenellated brick parapet. C19 sash windows and a large mid C19 Roman cement Doric columned porte cochere. Ground floor built out. Two-storey wings to right and left in similar style. Rainwater head dated 1751. Garden front with two C18 rainwater heads one inscribed '1743 RS'. Two-storey brick canted bay windows, with battlements, with a central feature in Roman cement in Tudor style with, on ground floor, a canted bay window. Wings to right and left; conservatory on left. Terrace wall of stock brick with shallow buttresses, stairs and wrought iron railings. Interior has entrance hall with Doric columns probably by

Project number: 44170 Dated: 12/03/2015 | Ref No Asset Name NGR Period Grade Importance Description

Basevi; dining room said to have been built in 1800 for Pascoe Grenfell but subsequently altered. Staircase with elaborate chiselled brass balusters probably mid C19. HISTORY: The house appears to have been mentioned first in 1598. In 1628 it was given by James I to Hampson, 1st governor of Virginia. Sir Thomas Lawrence records dining here.

1332735, Statue in forecourt SU 90662 Post-Medieval Grade II Medium 1804 Coade stone statue of a DBC1974 of taplow court 82223 Listed Roman Emperor on early C18 Building carved stone base, originally supporting one of 4 urns given by Queen Anne 1705.

1392491, Glen island house SU 90350 Post-Medieval Grade II Medium Gentleman's residence of 1869 DBC8089 82154 Listed and 1884; no known architect, Buff Building brick, stone detailing, red tile roofs

Glen Island House was built in 1869 and extended in an identical style in 1884 when a wing to the east with billiard room and bedrooms over was added. Facing south, with views west across the Thames to Maidenhead, it is a two-storey buff brick and stone house which uses an irregular plan and composition together with features like full-height canted bays, mullion and transom windows, turrets, fretted bargeboards, half-dormers, and tall brick ridge and lateral chimneys to create a picturesque effect. Independent access to the two parts of the house was facilitated in the later C20 by the construction of a short single- storey entrance or link on the south front.

Glen Island House stands on the east bank of the River Thames, opposite Maidenhead. It was built in 1869 for a local worthy, Lt. Gen. Sir Roger William Henry Palmer, Bart. (d.1910), a major Irish landowner, who had fought in several of the major battles of the Crimean War (participating in the charge of the Light Brigade), and who later in life when resident at Glen Island was active in many Thames-side activities. In 1884 he had Glen Island House extended to the east in an identical style, doubling its size to create something akin to a small country house. The house stood north of Taplow paper mill, which in the mid C20 was greatly enlarged. The house has been used for

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many years as offices for the paper mill company.

1125021, Maidenhead SU9016881045 Post-Medieval Grade I High Viaduct across the River Thames DBC1543 railway bridge Listed built in two phases, 1837-9 and (mln12327) Building 1890-3. Approximately 700ft (214m) long and c.55ft (16.75m) wide, the 1837-9 section being 30ft wide with 1890-3 extensions either side. Symmetrical composition comprising approach abutments and four semi-circular flood arches on each bank flanking the two wide semi-elliptical arches across the river with a pier on a mid-stream island. The elevations are articulated by classical dressings in the shape of Doric pilasters and a bold cornice. The two elevations are identical.

The Great Western Railway was authorised by an Act of Parliament in 1835 to construct a line from London to Bristol. At 118 miles this was slightly longer than the other major trunk railway of its time, the London and Birmingham (112 miles) and considerably longer than other pioneering lines. Construction of the line began in 1836, using a variety of contractors and some direct labour. The first section to be completed, from London to Maidenhead Riverside (Taplow), opened in 1838, and thereafter openings followed in eight phases culminating in the completion of the whole route in 1841.

The engineering of the railway was entrusted in 1833 to Isambard Kingdom Brunel (1806-59), who was already known for his engineering projects in Bristol. More than any other railway engineer of his time he took sole responsibility for every aspect of the engineering design, from surveying the line to the detailing of buildings and structures. He sought to achieve as level a route as possible and, working from first principles, he persuaded the Directors of the GWR to adopt a broad gauge of 7ft 0¼ in rather then the standard (4ft 8½in) gauge in use on other lines. A two track broad gauge line was 30ft wide, and this determined the span of the overbridges and other structures. Except for larger bridges such as Maidenhead Bridge, the majority of Brunel’s masonry bridges did not need to be as innovative as his works in

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timber and iron, and his structures followed the typical architectural idioms of his time, but they were all beautifully detailed and built and together they formed integral parts of a consistently-designed pioneering railway.

By the 1870s the growth of traffic, especially at the London end of the route, necessitated the widening of the line from two to four tracks. This was carried out in two stages, from London to Taplow in 1875- 84 and from Taplow to Didcot in 1890-93. By the time of these widenings the broad gauge was being phased out (the final conversion to standard gauge took place in 1892), and the design of the extended or new structures took this into account. However the designs were exceptionally sympathetic to Brunel’s original designs, in form and detail; also in the choice of materials, although engineering brick, seldom or never used by Brunel, began to make an appearance in 1890s. The engineers chiefly responsible for the widened lines, whose names appear on the surviving archive drawings, were William George Owen (1810-85), Lancaster Owen (1843-1911) and Edmund Olander (1834-1900).

Maidenhead Railway Bridge is a viaduct carrying the Great Western Main Line across the River Thames east of Maidenhead. It was built in brick in 1837-9 to the designs of I.K. Brunel for two broad gauge tracks. The resident engineer was John Hammond. From the outset, the viaduct was recognised as one of Brunel's tour-de-forces. It was illustrated in J.C. Bourne's 'The History and Description of the Great Western Railway' (1846) and by J.M.W. Turner in his celebration of technological 'Progress, Rain, Steam and Speed' (1844).

Many doubted that the two principal arches, with an unprecedented span of 128ft (c.39m) across a rise of only 25ft 3in (7.4m), would ever stand unsupported. The doubts appeared justified when the contractor removed the centring before the mortar had set and the eastern arch settled by 5in. Brunel

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was certain of the cause, ordered the centring to be put back and repaired the arch ring. He was vindicated the following year when flood water washed away the centring; the arches remain true to this day, despite supporting dozens of trains every day that weigh several hundred tons and travel at 100mph.

Brunel was drawn to his daring solution by the design constraints he faced, primarily: his overwhelming desire for a level gradient on the railway; the requirement not to impede river navigation; and the local geology. As with other large bridges on the route, he reduced the forces acting through the structure by using a system of internal longitudinal walls and voids to lighten the superstructure above the arches. This reduced the mass of the bridge and its foundations, saving material, time and cost. Dozens of surviving design, contract and construction drawings illustrate these features.

In 1890-3 the bridge was widened for four tracks with inordinate care and sympathy by Sir John Fowler acting as consultant to the GWR's Lancaster Owen. Extensions were attached to both sides with elevations that exactly replicated the originals, and probably reused original fabric. The extensions were closely piled to prevent differential settlement. There have been no significant alterations since. The western half of the bridge was listed in 1950 and the eastern half in 1985, at Grade II*.

1410953, Dumb bell bridge SU9101781208 Post-Medieval Grade II Medium Dumb Bell Bridge is designated at DBC8147 (mln12263) Listed Grade II for the following principal Building reasons: * Date and historic interest: an early (pre-1840) railway underbridge dating from the first phase of the Great Western and the ‘pioneering’ era of railway development in England, relating both to the now- vanished Maidenhead Riverside station (the GWR's first temporary western terminus) and to the London-Bath turnpike, with which the new line was in direct competition; * Design, engineering and material interest: a skew- arched bridge of unusual and ingenious design, devised by Brunel himself and closely related to his slightly later Maidenhead

Project number: 44170 Dated: 12/03/2015 | Ref No Asset Name NGR Period Grade Importance Description

Bridge 800m to the west; * Intactness: most of the original structure survives, including the south elevation with its distinctive angled stair tower, while the later widening on the north side was carried out sympathetically.

History The Great Western Railway was authorised by an Act of Parliament in 1835 to construct a line from London to Bristol. At 118 miles this was slightly longer than the other major trunk railway of its time, the London and Birmingham (112 miles) and considerably longer than other pioneering lines. Construction of the line began in 1836, using a variety of contractors and some direct labour. The first section to be completed, from London to Maidenhead (Taplow), opened in 1838, and thereafter openings followed in eight phases culminating in the completion of the whole route in 1841.

The engineering of the railway was entrusted in 1833 to Isambard Kingdom Brunel (1806-59), who was already known for his engineering projects in Bristol. More than any other railway engineer of his time he took sole responsibility for every aspect of the engineering design, from surveying the line to the detailing of buildings and structures. He sought to achieve as level a route as possible and, working from first principles, he persuaded the Directors of the GWR to adopt a broad gauge of 7ft 0¼ in rather than the then standard (4ft 8½in) gauge in use on other lines. A two track broad gauge line was 30ft wide, and this determined the span of the overbridges and other structures. Except for larger bridges such as Maidenhead Bridge, the majority of Brunel’s masonry bridges did not need to be as innovative as his works in timber and iron, and his structures followed the typical architectural idioms of his time, but they were all beautifully detailed and built and together they formed integral parts of a consistently-designed pioneering railway.

By the 1870s the growth of traffic, especially at the London end of

Ref No Asset Name NGR Period Grade Importance Description

the route, necessitated the widening of the line from two to four tracks. This was carried out in two stages, from London to Taplow in 1875-84 and from Taplow to Didcot in 1890-93. By the time of these widenings the broad gauge was being phased out (the final conversion to standard gauge took place in 1892), and the design of the extended or new structures took this into account. However the designs were exceptionally sympathetic to Brunel’s original designs, in form and detail; also in the choice of materials, although engineering brick, seldom or never used by Brunel, began to make an appearance in the 1890s. The engineers chiefly responsible for the widened lines, whose names appear on the surviving archive drawings, were William George Owen (1810-85), Lancaster Owen (1843-1911) and Edmund Olander (1834-1900).

Dumb Bell Bridge was built c.1838 (Contract 5L) to carry the line over the London-Bath Turnpike (A4), and takes its name from a now- demolished coaching inn known as the Dumb Bell Hotel. The acute angle at which the line intersects with the road meant that a skew underbridge was required, a technical challenge to which Brunel responded with considerable ingenuity. The angle here is so sharp (about 30 degrees) that a skew arch aligned with the tracks themselves would have been impossible; Brunel initially considered eliminating the skew altogether by means of a conventional tunnel, but finally settled on a more elegant solution with a 45 degree skew and angled fascias flanked by tower-like abutments. Early drawings show these crowned with Italianate loggias like those initially proposed for Maidenhead Bridge, and although the loggias were ultimately omitted in both cases, the two bridges are closely related in their design. The abutments also contained stairs giving access to the original Maidenhead Station, which stood on the embankment immediately to the west of the bridge, and served as the GWR's temporary western terminus between June 1838 and the extension of the line to Reading a year later. The station, later known as Maidenhead Riverside,

Project number: 44170 Dated: 12/03/2015 | Ref No Asset Name NGR Period Grade Importance Description

eventually closed in 1871 when the present town-centre station was built, and when the quadrupling of the Paddington- Taplow line (c.1875-84) necessitated the widening of the bridge, its north elevation - previously the mirror image of its southern counterpart - was rebuilt with the steps omitted.

Non-Designated Heritage Assets

Ref No Asset Name NGR Period Importance Description 19 Turnpike Road Post Site of Amerden Ray watermill, first mentioned in sixteenth century and

Medieval

MBC11398 Amerden Ray Mill 16th Single house built in the 19th Century. Century to

19th Century

MBC33606 Fairview 19th Single house built in the 19th Century.

Century

MBC33607 Broomcroft 19th Single house built in the 1890s.

Century

MBC33608 Red House 19th Early eighteenth century gardens and park at Taplow Court, with ninete

Century

MBC20436 Taplow Court 17th Documentary references to medieval and post-medieval watermills at T (Gd1597) Century to

19th Century

MBC11679 Taplow Mills Medieval Medieval and post-medieval documentary references to a fulling mill at

to Modern

MBC11680 Taplow Mills 13th Post-medieval icehouse at edge of chalk quarry Century to

16th Century

MBC11683 Edge Of Large Post- Neolithic flint flake found at Taplow Rectory

Chalk Quarry Medieval

MBC11692 Taplow Rectory Undated Eighteenth and nineteenth century rectory.

MBC11693 The Old Rectory 18th Nineteenth century stables to Taplow Rectory. Century to

19th Century

MBC11694 Stables Of Old 19th Eighteenth and nineteenth century garden wall and entrance gates to T

Rectory Century

MBC11695 Garden Wall & 18th Eighteenth and nineteenth century garden walls and gates to Taplow R Entrance Of Old Century to

Rectory 19th Century

MBC11696 Garden Wall & 18th Seventeenth century timber-framed house called Old Cottage Gates Of The Century to

Non-Designated Heritage Assets

Ref No Asset Name NGR Period Importance Description Rectory Modern

MBC18250 Old Cottage, High 17th Late prehistoric to Romano-British farmstead and associated field syste

Street Century by geophysical surveys and excavation.

MBC11999 Berry Hill Farm, Late Site of Amerden Ray watermill, first mentioned in sixteenth century and Taplow Bronze Age to 5th Century Roman

MBC12152 The Undated Roman and medieval pottery sherds found at The Walnuts

Walnuts,Taplow

MBC12680 Thames At Undated Lower to Middle Palaeolithic handaxes found in the River Thames at M Maidenhead Bridge

MBC12681 Thames At Undated Bronze Age metalwork found in the River Thames at Maidenhead Bridg Maidenhead Bridge

MBC12682 Thames At Undated Bronze Age metalwork found in the River Thames at Maidenhead Bridg Maidenhead Bridge

MBC12866 Church Undated Roman and medieval pottery found at Church Cottage

Cottage,Taplow

MBC13631 Hitcham Lane, Undated Enclosure or field system of unknown date shown on aerial photograph

Taplow

MBC13764 Taplow Millpond 11th Eleventh to seventeenth century records of fishery at Taplow millpond Century to

17th Century

MBC13764 Taplow Millpond 11th Eleventh to seventeenth century records of fishery at Taplow millpond Century to

17th Century

MBC13764 Taplow Millpond 11th Eleventh to seventeenth century records of fishery at Taplow millpond Century to

17th Century

MBC13764 Taplow Millpond 11th Eleventh to seventeenth century records of fishery at Taplow millpond Century to

17th Century

MBC13767 Taplow Court Park Undated Neolithic flint flakes found in Taplow Court Park

MBC13981 Glen Island,100m Middle Middle to Late Iron Age pit found digging a cess pool on Glen Island From River Iron Age

to Late Iron Age

MBC13982 Glen Island Undated 53 sherds of Middle to Late Iron Age pottery found digging a cess pool

MBC13983 Glen Island Undated 16 pieces of Middle to Late iron Age animal bone found digging a cess

MBC14421 Glen Island Undated Quantity - 1

MBC14553 Taplow Court Undated A possible Iron Age, Roman or Saxon bead found during excavations a

Project number: 44170 Dated: 12/03/2015 | Non-Designated Heritage Assets

Ref No Asset Name NGR Period Importance Description MBC14551 Taplow Old Undated Iron Age and Roman pottery found during excavations at Taplow barro

Churchyard

MBC14983 Taplow Mill Site 1: Neolithic Six pits, finds of flint arrowhead, Peterborough ware, and an inhumatio

MBC14985 Taplow Mill Site 2: Neolithic Area excavation revealed seven pits (or tree throws) and produced five

Taplow Mill

MBC14988 Taplow Mill Site 3: Late Trial trenching revealed charcoal patches with burnt flint and a possible

Prehistoric

MBC14990 Taplow Mill Site 4: Late A pit uncovered during trial trenching at Taplow Mill was found to conta

Prehistoric

MBC14991 Amerden Lane Bronze Possible Bronze Age midden containing burnt and struck flint and potte

West Age Amerden Lane West

MBC14995 Amerden Lane Late A hollow containing a layer of burnt flint and ocassional sherds of potte

East: Site 1 Prehistoric East

MBC14996 Amerden Lane Bronze A hollow adjacent to higher ground containing sherds, struck flint and f

East Site 2: Age Lane East

MBC14997 Amerden Lane Late Trial trenching at Amerden Lane East revealed a small flint-filled featur

East Site 3: Prehistoric

MBC14552 Taplow Court Undated Two possible Iron Age, Roman or Saxon spindle whorls found during e

MBC25060 Taplow Early Iron Entrance features such as a fence line and hornwork were excavated a Hillfort:Entrance Age to

features to Iron Late Iron Age hillfort Age

MBC25374 Taplow Station Pit Undated Palaeolithic tools found in 1970

MBC24622 Great Western Post Great Western Railway designed by Isambard Kingdom Brunel and bu

Railway Medieval

MBC25053 Taplow Hillfort: Late Late Bronze Age hillfort excavated at Taplow Court Late Bronze Age Bronze hillfort Age

MBC25054 Taplow Hillfort: Early Iron Iron Age hillfort excavated at Taplow Court Iron Age Hillfort Age to

Middle Iron Age

MBC18233 Taplow House Post Eighteenth century country house, built 1751 and altered and extended

Hotel, Berry Hill Medieval

MBC18236 Green Drive Post Nineteenth century lodge called Green Drive

Lodge Medieval

MBC18247 Church Of St Post Twentieth century church of St Nicholas, Taplow, built 1911 in Gothic s

Nicholas Medieval

MBC18248 The Porches, High Post Seventeenth century timber-framed house called The Porches

Street Medieval

MBC18249 Wee Cott & Rose Post Seventeenth century timber-framed house now Wee and Rose Cott

Cott, High Street Medieval

MBC18251 Neighbours, Post Late sixteenth or early seventeenth century row of timber-framed cotta Elmbank & Medieval

Losuce, Hill Farm Road

Non-Designated Heritage Assets

Ref No Asset Name NGR Period Importance Description MBC18252 Church Cottages, Post Nineteenth century terrace of six cottages, dated 1853, called Church C

1-6 Hill Farm Road Medieval

MBC18254 Hill House, Post Eighteenth to nineteenth century house called Hill House

Rectory Road Medieval

MBC18255 Elibank House, Post Eighteenth century house called Elibank House

Rectory Road Medieval

MBC18256 Elibank House, Post Eighteenth century garden wall and entrance gates to Elibank House.

Rectory Road Medieval

MBC18257 K6 Telephone Modern Twentieth century telephone box on Rectory Road, designed 1935. Kiosk, Rectory Road

MBC18258 The Rectory Post Early nineteenth century farmhouse called Rectory Farm Farmhouse, Medieval Rectory Road

MBC18259 The Cottage & Post Pair of eighteenth century cottages called The Cottage and Farm View Farm View, Medieval Rectory Road

MBC18260 Maidenhead Post Railway bridge built in 1838 by Isambard Kingdom Brunel.

Railway Bridge Medieval

MBC20345 BERRY HILL (GD Post Pleasure ground laid out around a now demolished house called Berry

1031) Medieval

MBC20345 BERRY HILL (GD Post Pleasure ground laid out around a now demolished house called Berry

1031) Medieval

MBC20345 BERRY HILL (GD Post Pleasure ground laid out around a now demolished house called Berry

1031) Medieval

MBC20345 BERRY HILL (GD Post Pleasure ground laid out around a now demolished house called Berry

1031) Medieval

MBC22073 Taplow Rectory Post Small nineteenth and twentieth century gardens at Taplow Rectory Medieval to Modern

MBC22075 Taplow House Post Eighteenth century landscaped garden by Repton at Taplow House Ho

Medieval

MBC22077 Amerden Grove Post Nineteenth century landscaped gardens at Amerden Grove (now Amerden Medieval Ponds) to Modern

MBC22079 Hitcham Grange Post Nineteenth century gardens at Hitcham Grange Medieval to Modern

MBC3141 Taplow court Medieval Medieval? and early post-medieval manor house at Taplow Court, burn to Post Medieval

MBC3142 Taplow court Post Eighteenth century country house of Taplow Court, enlarged and remo Medieval a school for evacuee children during Second World War, then as a tele Buddhist centre.

MBC3143 Ne of taplow court Post Seventeenth century garden walls and gates of former kitchen garden

Medieval

MBC3144 Forecourt of Post Early nineteenth century statue dated 1804 at Taplow Court, on early e

taplow court Medieval

Project number: 44170 Dated: 12/03/2015 | Non-Designated Heritage Assets

Ref No Asset Name NGR Period Importance Description MBC3146 S of taplow old Modern Early twentieth century commemorative monument, dated 1920, in Tap

churchyard

MBC3147 Gate piers to Post Nineteenth century gate piers at entrance to Taplow Court.

taplow court Medieval

MBC3148 Dairy at taplow Post Nineteenth century dairy to Taplow Court.

court Medieval

MBC3149 Former estate 19th Late nineteenth century estate office to Taplow Court, built about 1890 office,taplow Century to Modern

MBC3150 Taplow court Undated Five probable Neolithic flints found at Taplow Court

MBC330 Wittage Undated Palaeolithic flint scraper found in a gravel pit at Wittage

MBC331 Ley chequers Late Collection of artefact finds, including an ingot and crucible, suggest a b Neolithic Chequers to 5th Century Roman

MBC337 LEY CHEQUERS: 1st Bed of mortar interpreted as a floor possibly from a grange found laying bed of mortar Century

Roman to Medieval

MBC4216 Ray mill Undated Medieval metalwork found at Ray Mill

MBC4531 Taplow barrow 7th Barrow excavated in 1883, revealing a rich seventh century Saxon bur

Century

MBC4532 Taplow barrow Undated Three Mesolithic flint blades found at Taplow Barrow

MBC4533 Taplow barrow Undated Iron Age and Roman pottery found at Taplow Barrow

MBC4534 Taplow barrow 7th Saxon chambered tomb under Taplow barrow, excavated in the ninete

Century

MBC4535 Taplow barrow Undated Saxon metalwork found under Taplow barrow, excavated in the ninetee

MBC4536 Taplow barrow Undated Saxon metalwork found under Taplow barrow, excavated in the ninetee

MBC4537 Taplow barrow Undated Saxon metalwork found under Taplow barrow, excavated in the ninetee

MBC4538 Taplow barrow Undated Saxon metalwork found under Taplow barrow, excavated in the ninetee

MBC4539 Taplow barrow Undated Saxon metalwork found under Taplow barrow, excavated in the ninetee

MBC4540 Taplow barrow Undated Five Saxon drinking horns found under Taplow barrow, excavated in th

MBC4541 Taplow barrow Undated Four Saxon cups found under Taplow barrow, excavated in the ninetee

MBC4542 Taplow barrow Undated Saxon lyre fragments found under Taplow barrow, excavated in the nin

MBC4543 Taplow barrow Undated 30 Saxon antler gaming pieces found under Taplow barrow, excavated

MBC4544 Taplow barrow Undated Saxon Coptic bowl found under Taplow barrow, excavated in the ninete

MBC4545 Taplow barrow Undated Saxon cauldron found under Taplow barrow, excavated in the nineteen

MBC4546 Taplow barrow Undated Saxon wood and iron tub found under Taplow barrow, excavated in the

MBC4547 Taplow barrow Undated Two Saxon buckets found under Taplow barrow, excavated in the nine

MBC4548 Taplow barrow Undated Four Saxon glass claw beakers found under Taplow barrow, excavated

Non-Designated Heritage Assets

Ref No Asset Name NGR Period Importance Description MBC4549 Old st nicholas' Medieval Documentary history of old medieval church of St Nicholas, demolished church, taplow to Post Medieval

MBC4550 Old st nicholas' Medieval Site of medieval church of St Nicholas, with possible traces of eighth o church, taplow to Post- and geophysical survey. Medieval

MBC4551 Old st nicholas' Medieval Twelfth century font at St Nicholas' moved to new church

church, taplow

MBC4552 Old st nicholas' Undated Eleven brasses, from fourteenth to seventeenth century in date, moved

church, taplow

MBC4553 Old st nicholas' Post Chapel added to St Nicholas' church in the seventeenth century and de

church, taplow Medeival

MBC4554 St nicholas' Post Seventeenth century burial vault under old St Nicholas' churchyard, taplow Medieval court

MBC4555 Old Churchyard, Medieval Medieval and post-medieval churchyard of St Nicholas, now disused.

Taplow Court to Modern

MBC4557 Bapsey Field, Early Iron Possible Iron Age hillfort earthworks identified within old churchyard an Taplow Age to

Late Iron Age

MBC4558 Bapsey Field, Early Iron Iron Age to medieval banks seen in Bapsey Field Taplow Age to Medieval

MBC4563 Nr Taplow Court Undated Roman pottery found near Taplow Court

MBC4566 Orkney Undated Human remains and deer bones of unknown date found in peat near O

Cottage,Taplow

MBC4567 Orkney Cottage, Undated Human remains and deer bones of unknown date found near Orkney C

Taplow

MBC4613 Ten Acre Roman Possible Roman settlement indicated by finds of Roman artefacts in Te

Field:Cricket Club

MBC4614 Ten Acre Roman Roman artefacts found in test-pits in Ten Acre Field

Field:Cricket Club

MBC4615 Ten Acre Undated A Palaeolithic flint blade and twp Neolithic to Bronze Age flint flakes fou

Field:Cricket Club

MBC4616 Ten Acre Undated Early Roman pottery found in test-pits in Ten Acre Field

Field:Cricket Club

MBC4617 Ten Acre Undated Roman daub fragments, probably from a wall, found in test-pits in Ten

Field:Cricket Club

MBC4618 Ten Acre Undated Roman animal bones found in test-pits in Ten Acre Field

Field:Cricket Club

MBC4619 Ten Acre Undated Roman metalwork found in test-pits in Ten Acre Field

Field:Cricket Club

MBC4620 Ten Acre Roman Roman ditch found in excavation in Ten Acre Field

Field:Cricket Club

MBC4621 Ten Acre Undated Early Roman pottery found in excavation in Ten Acre Field

Field:Cricket Club

Project number: 44170 Dated: 12/03/2015 | Non-Designated Heritage Assets

Ref No Asset Name NGR Period Importance Description MBC4622 Ten Acre Roman Possible Roman floor found in excavation in Ten Acre Field

Field:Cricket Club

MBC4623 Ten Acre Undated Neolithic scraper found in Ten Acre Field

Field:Cricket Club

MBC4624 Thames At Taplow Early Neolithic to bronze Age artefacts from the River Thames at Taplow Mil Mills Neolithic to Late Bronze Age

MBC4625 Thames At Taplow Undated Neolithic polished stone axe from River Thames at Taplow Mills.

Mills

MBC4626 Thames At Taplow Undated Two Neolithic flint axes found in River Thames at Taplow Mills.

Mills

MBC4627 Thames At Taplow Undated Two Neolithic polished flint axes found in River Thames at Taplow Mills

Mills

MBC4628 Thames At Taplow Undated Bronze Age metalwork from the River Thames at Taplow Mills

Mills

MBC4629 Thames At Taplow Undated Fragment of Late Bronze Age metalwork from the River Thames at Tap

Mills

MBC4630 Boulters Undated Saxon metalwork found on Boulter's Island

MBC4631 Thames At Taplow Undated Artefacts found in the River Thames at Taplow

MBC4632 Thames At Taplow Undated Lower to Middle Palaeolithic handaxe found in the River Thames at Ta

MBC4633 Thames At Taplow Undated Lower to Middle Palaeolithic flint flake found in the River Thames at Ta

MBC4634 Thames At Taplow Undated Nine Mesolithic to Early Bronze Age flint axeheads found in the River T

MBC4635 Thames At Undated Mesolithic pick found in the River Thames at Taplow

Taplow.

MBC4636 Thames At Taplow Undated Six Mesolithic tranchet axeheads found in the River Thames at Taplow

MBC4637 Thames At Taplow Undated Two Mesolithic flint cores found in the River Thames at Taplow

MBC4638 Thames At Taplow Undated Five Mesolithic to Early Bronze Age antler tools found in the River Tha

MBC4639 Thames At Taplow Undated Fragment of Neolithic polished flint axe found in Thames at Taplow.

MBC4640 Thames At Taplow Undated 3 Neolithic polished flint axes found in River Thames at Taplow.

MBC4641 Thames At Taplow Bronze Bronze Age artefacts found in the River Thames at Taplow

Age

MBC4642 Thames At Taplow Undated Bronze Age metalwork found in River Thames at Taplow.

MBC4643 Thames At Taplow Undated Bronze Age metalwork found in River Thames at Taplow.

MBC4644 Thames At Undated Bronze Age metalwork found in River Thames at Taplow or Bray.

Taplow/Bray

MBC4645 Thames At Undated Bronze Age metalwork found in the River Thames at Taplow or Bray.

Taplow/Bray

MBC4646 Thames At Taplow Undated Medieval metalwork found in River Thames at Taplow.

MBC4647 Thames At Taplow Undated Possible medieval metalwork found in River Thames at Taplow.

Non-Designated Heritage Assets

Ref No Asset Name NGR Period Importance Description MBC4648 Thames At Taplow Undated Possible medieval metalwork found in River Thames at Taplow.

MBC24853 South Of Taplow 19th Undated cropmark seen on vertical aerial photos south of Taplow Pape

Paper Mills Century watercourse.

MBC5651 Station Pit, Taplow 19th Nineteenth to twentieth century records of Station gravel pit Century to Modern

MBC5652 Station Pit, Taplow Undated Palaeolithic animal remains found in Station Pit, Taplow

MBC5653 Station Undated Lower to Middle Palaeolithic flint artefacts found in Station Pit, Taplow

Pit/Gibbons Pit

MBC5654 Station Pit, Taplow Early Iron Early Iron Age pit found in Station Pit, Taplow

Age

MBC5655 Station Pit, Taplow Undated Early Iron Age saddle quern found in Station Pit, Taplow

MBC5656 Station Pit, Taplow Undated Early Iron Age pottery found in Station Pit, Taplow

MBC5657 Station Pit, Taplow Undated Late Iron Age to Early Roman pottery found in Station Pit, Taplow

MBC5658 Station Pit, Taplow Undated Early Roman pottery found in Station Pit, Taplow

MBC5659 Near Taplow Undated Roman metalwork found in Station Pit, Taplow

Station

MBC5660 Station Pit, Taplow Undated Roman Samian pottery sherd found in Station Pit, Taplow

MBC5661 Station Pit, Taplow Undated Roman metalwork found in Station Pit, Taplow

MBC6659 Thames, Undated Quantity of Neolithic and finds from later periods, found in River Thame Maidenhead Bridge

MBC6660 Thames,Maidenhe Undated

ad Bridge

MBC6661 Maidenhead Undated Quantity - 2

Bridge/Boulters

MBC723 C.500m.S.W.Of Early Two possible Neolithic to Bronze Age ring-ditches seen on an aerial ph Hitchambury Neolithic to Late Bronze Age

MBC7301 C.250m Sw Of Undated Enclosure of uncertain date seen on aerial photographs near Taplow S

Taplow Station

MBC7885 Bapsey, Taplow Early Possible Saxon inhumation found at Bapsey Field Medieval/ Dark Age

MBC7886 Bapsey Pond 5th Bapsey Pond, said to have been used for baptising since Saxon times Century

Saxon to Modern

MBC7895 Roques Piece, Late Artefacts found in Roque's Piece

Taplow Prehistoric

MBC7896 Roques Piece, Undated Mesolithic or Neolithic flint axe found on surface of field at Roque's Pie

Taplow

MBC7897 Roques Piece, Undated Mesolithic to early Bronze Age flint core found in Roque's Piece

Project number: 44170 Dated: 12/03/2015 | Non-Designated Heritage Assets

Ref No Asset Name NGR Period Importance Description Taplow

MBC7898 Roques Piece, Undated Mesolithic flint blade or flake found in Roque's Piece

Taplow

MBC7899 Roques Piece, Undated Neolithic arrowhead found in Roque's Piece

Taplow

MBC7900 Roques Piece Undated Neolithic flint scraper found in Roque's Piece

MBC7901 Roques Piece, Undated Early to Middle Iron Age pottery sherd found in Roque's Piece

Taplow

MBC7902 Roques Piece, Undated Pottery found in Roque's Piece

Taplow

MBC22995 Taplow Court 19th Icehouse at Taplow Court, probably built between 1875-82, but though Icehouse, Berry Century flood alleviation scheme Hill

MBC22999 Taplow Hillfort Late Remains of Bronze Age to Iron Age hillfort found during excavations at Bronze Age to Early Iron Age

MBC14984 TAPLOW MILL Neolithic Probable Neolithic burial found during excavations at Taplow Mill

Site 1: Inhumation

MBC14998 Marsh Lane West Undated Trial trenching at Marsh Lane West revealed three 'features/sites' with

Site 1: Bronze Age pottery

MBC23025 Amerden Lane Late A tree hollow contained sherds of Neolithic Fengate Ware and Late Bro West Neolithic gullies were also noted. to Late Bronze Age

MBC23225 N of Maidenhead 13th Possible site of earlier bridge over River Thames at Maidenhead Bridge Century to

18th Century

MBC4556 Old Churchyard, 18th Late eighteenth century gate piers, dated 1799, at entrance to former c

Cliveden Rd Century

MBC24251 Sports Ground, 19th Site of former chalk, gravel and sand pit shown on nineteenth and twen Taplow South Century to Modern

MBC24254 Se Of Glen Island 19th Site of former quarry shown on nineteenth to twentieth century maps n Century to Modern

MBC24255 S Of Angel 20th Site of former pit shown on twentieth century maps south of Angel Cott Cottage, Taplow Century South

MBC24261 Hillfarm Road 19th Site of former gravel pit shown on nineteenth century map at Hillfarm R

Century

MBC24264 W Of Amerden 19th Site of hollow shown on nineteenth to twentieth century maps west of A Ponds Century to Modern

MBC24268 E Of Glen Island 19th Site of former quarry shown on nineteenth century maps east of Glen I

Century

Non-Designated Heritage Assets

Ref No Asset Name NGR Period Importance Description MBC24269 S Of Taplow 19th Site of former gravel pit shown on nineteenth century maps at Taplow S

Station Century

MBC24271 W Of Amerden 19th Site of former pit shown on nineteenth century maps west of Amerden

Ponds Century

MBC23001 Taplow Hillfort: Late Late Bronze Age hillfort ditches found during excavation and trial trenc Late Bronze Age Bronze Ditch Age

MBC23000 Taplow Hillfort: Early Iron Iron Age hillfort ditches found during excavation at Taplow Court Iron Age Ditch Age to

Late Iron Age

MBC23002 Taplow Hillfort: Early Iron Remains of burnt timber-laced Iron Age rampart found during excavatio Iron Age Rampart Age to

Late Iron Age

MBC23003 Taplow Hillfort: Late Late Bronze Age palisade found during excavation at Taplow Court Palisade Bronze Age

MBC23004 Taplow Hillfort: Late Parallel lines of Late Bronze Age postholes found during excavation at Late Bronze Age Bronze Fence Lines Age

MBC23006 Taplow Hillfort: Early Probable Saxon burial found in hillfort entrance during excavation at Ta Saxon Burial Medieval/ Dark Age

MBC23005 Taplow Hillfort: Early Foundation trench of a probable Saxon building found during excavatio Saxon Building Medieval/ Dark Age

MBC24598 Taplow Hillfort: 5th Saxon rubbish deposit found during excavation and trial trenching at T Saxon Rubbish Century Deposit Saxon to 9th Century

MBC24671 Taplow Village 11th Medieval and post-medieval settlement of Taplow, recorded in Domesd Century to Modern

MBC3140 Taplow Manor Medieval Documentary history of medieval and post-medieval manor of Taplow. to Post Medieval

MBC24703 W Of Taplow 19th Foundations of probable early nineteenth century laboratory found duri

Court Century

MBC24704 W Of Taplow Undated Prehistoric pottery and flint, Romano-British, Saxon, medieval and pos

Court of Taplow Court

MBC24705 W Of Garden Of Undated Prehistoric pottery and flint, Romano-British, medieval and post-mediev Tranquility, Taplow Court Court

MBC11681 Taplow Mills 18th 18th century watermill, in use as a cotton mill, then as a papermill, and Century to Modern

MBC25055 Taplow Hillfort: Early Evidence for Saxon reoccupation of Taplow Hillfort found in excavation Saxon Medieval/ reoccupation Dark Age

Project number: 44170 Dated: 12/03/2015 | Non-Designated Heritage Assets

Ref No Asset Name NGR Period Importance Description MBC25056 Taplow Hillfort: Early Mesolithic to Middle Bronze Age activity found in excavation at Taplow earlier prehistoric Mesolithic activity to Middle Bronze Age

MBC25057 Taplow Hillfort: Late Two possible Late Bronze Age round-houses excavated at Taplow Cou Late Bronze Age Bronze round-houses Age to Middle Iron Age

MBC25061 Finds from TCAST Early Prehistoric to post-medieval artefacts found in trenches south of Taplow trenches S of Bronze

Taplow barrow Age to Modern

MBC25149 Taplow-Dorney Late Possible Late Bronze Age to Early Iron Age enclosed settlement excav pipeline: Site A Bronze LBA/EIA Age to settlement Early Iron Age

MBC25150 Taplow-Dorney Roman Roman field system recorded in geophysical survey, evaluation and ex pipeline: Site A

Roman field system

MBC25151 Taplow-Dorney Middle Middle - Late Neolithic pit excavated along the route of the Taplow to D pipeline: Site B Neolithic Late Neo pit

MBC25152 Taplow-Dorney Late Late Bronze Age features found in excavation along the Taplow-Dorne pipeline: Site B Bronze LBA-EIA pits and Age to ditches Early Iron Age

MBC25153 Taplow-Dorney Roman Roman features found in excavation along the Taplow-Dorney pipeline pipeline: Site B Roman pits, ditches and trackway

MBC3145 E & N Of Taplow 18th Four early eighteenth century garden urns in grounds of Taplow Court. Court Century to

19th Century

MBC25533 Taplow Station 19th Late nineteenth century railway station at Taplow.

Century

MBC25794 Milestone on A4 18th 18th to 19th C Milestone on A4 in Taplow west of railway bridge Century to

19th Century

MBC25807 Glen Island House 19th Nineteenth century villa now used as offices for Taplow Mill.

Century

MBC25808 Dunloe Lodge 19th Nineteenth century villa built 1896, originally known as Millstream, now

Century

MBC25809 Orkney Arms 18th Site of Orkney Arms Hotel, also known as Skindles Hotel Hotel Century to

19th Century

Non-Designated Heritage Assets

Ref No Asset Name NGR Period Importance Description MBC26542 Walls of the Old 17th Grade II C17, red brick walls around the site of the Old Parish Church. Parish Church of Century St Nicholas

MBC33609 Harefield 20th Single house could be later Edwardian.

Century

MBC33015 cedar chase Modern to award winning span develoment of 24 houses

Unknown

MBC33016 lodge to taplow 19th a lodge with red brick, clay tiled roof with several half-timbereed gables court Century to Unknown

MBC33009 the thatched 18th Cottage ornÚe (probably a former lodge). cottage Century to Unknown

MBC33010 Springfield cottage 19th a detached regency style cottage Century to Unknown

MBC33011 south lodge 18th former lodge to taplow house. Painted white and modernised but with f Century to Unknown

MBC33012 upper lodge 18th a former lodge to taplow house Century to Unknown

MBC33013 queen anne's Undated the former queens's head public house.

house

MBC33014 east and west Undated formaly one house however it has been altered.

bapsey

MBC33044 wellbank cottage 19th white painted cottage in pominent position at village entrance Century to Unknown

MBC33045 outbuilding at Undated black weatherboarded outbuilding presumably a relic from the former ta

priory cottage

MBC33046 st nicolas house 19th a landmark building dated 1883, ornate with red brick and clay tiles Century to Unknown

MBC33017 wickendon 19th Recent Lutyens style house - brown brick and clay tiled roof. Century to Unknown

MBC33035 maryfield 19th used to be known as the knowle, it is a large red brick, half timbered ho Century to Unknown

MBC33036 mulberry house 19th positioned next to the church, made of red brick and a clay tiled roof wi Century to Unknown

MBC33037 rozel 19th late 19th centuary house.

Century

MBC33038 dunvegan 19th former shop, adds historical value by retraining it's shop window.

Century

MBC33040 old lodge 19th half timbered, the southern elevation can be seen form the street Century to

Project number: 44170 Dated: 12/03/2015 | Non-Designated Heritage Assets

Ref No Asset Name NGR Period Importance Description Unknown

MBC33041 victoria cottage 19th white painted cottage which completes the group at the northern end o

Century

MBC33042 hitcham grange 16th used to be known as "the grange" white painted regency style house w and associated Century to

buildings 17th Century

MBC33043 cold grove 19th terrace of 19centuary cottages, made out of brick and slate.

cottages Century

MBC33128 Taplow War Modern Stone cross on a three stepped base commemorating those killed in W

Memorial, WW1

MBC33602 Skindles 19th Hotel, built probably in the mid 19th Century, with later extensions and

Century

MBC33603 Gaiety Row 20th 12 Asymmetrical houses built during the 20th Century.

Century

MBC33610 Numbers 1, 2, 3, 20th group of 4 houses built in 1900.

and 4. Century

MBC33239 Memorial to Modern Stained glass window in St.Nicholas church, Taplow to commemorate H.C.Johnson killerd in 1915

MBC33240 Memorial to Modern Sculpture commemoration the death of brothers J.H.F. Grenfell and G. J.H.F.Grenfell &

G.W.Grenfell in 1915

MBC33611 Driftwood Cottage 19th Entrance lodge to Millstream probably built in late 19th Century and no

Century

MBC33355 St Nicholas Modern A memorial screen with image of Christ and attached plaque. Church, Boundary Rd, Taplow

MBC33603 Gaiety Row 20th 12 Asymmetrical houses built during the 20th Century.

Century

MBC33612 Mill Island Cottage 19th Formally the lodge to Mill Island House, now is a cottage. Century to Modern

MBC33605 Riverbank House 19th Single house built in the 19th Century.

Century

MBC33587 Ashling 20th Single house of a simular style, built around 1900.

Century

MBC33588 Newlands, River 20th pair of semi-detached houses, plain, built around 1900. Cottage, Southlea Century and Ashbrooke

MBC33589 Chungates Modern Asemetric house built in the 1920s.

MBC33581 Bridge End, Modern Arcalaur & Bridge Cottage

MBC33582 Hermitage House 19th One of two survivors built around 1890. Century to 21st

Non-Designated Heritage Assets

Ref No Asset Name NGR Period Importance Description Century

MBC33583 The Hermitage Modern One of two survivors built around 1890.

Cottage

MBC33585 Fausto, Laurel Modern A group of 3 houses of a simular style, built around 1900.

Cottage & Acacias

MBC33586 Briarbank and Modern 2 semi-detached houses of a simular style, built around 1900.

White Heath

MBC33590 Ellington Lodge 19th Symmetrical house built probably 1890s.

Century

MBC33591 Riverlea House Modern Single house built around 1900.

MBC33592 Riverway, Copper Modern Pair semi-detached houses and two single houses, built around 1900. Bech, maranoa,

Ravenswood and Rivernere

MBC33593 The Rest and Post Two single houses, simular style, built in the 1890s.

Weymouth Lodge Medieval

MBC33604 White Place, Post Single house later divided into 3, built in the 19th Century. Eastbank & Medieval (Orkney Cottage).

MBC33584 Red Roofs, Modern Large and ornate landmark building on corner of Bath Road and Ellingt Penden, Ellington Cottage, Little

Dene, The Croft and Corner Cottage

MBC33594 Glen island garage Post Stable built in 1880, converted to garage.

Medieval

MBC33595 Former Power Modern Former Power House, built in the 1930s. House at New Taplow paper mill

MBC33596 Mill Island House Post House built in early 19th century and extended in 1869.

Medieval

MBC33597 The Old 19th Boathouse built in the 19th Century, converted to office. Boathouse Century to Modern

MBC33599 Tower House Post Landmark building, built, probably late 19th Century.

Medieval

MBC33601 Thames Bank, Post 3 single houses built in 1893. Cherry House and Medieval Rosemead

MBC24749 The Nutshell, Undated Neolithic or early Bronze Age flints and antler found during evaluation t River Road, Taplow

MBC33966 Dumb Bell (Bath Post Nineteenth century railway bridge for the Great Western Railway, built

Road) Bridge Medieval Brunel, and extended in about 1875-1884.

MBC20436 TAPLOW COURT Post Early eighteenth century gardens and park at Taplow Court, with ninete

(GD1597) Medieval

MBC11999 BERRY HILL Late Late prehistoric to Romano-British farmstead and associated field syste Bronze

Project number: 44170 Dated: 12/03/2015 | Non-Designated Heritage Assets

Ref No Asset Name NGR Period Importance Description FARM, TAPLOW Age to 5th by geophysical surveys and excavation. Century Roman

MBC20417 CLIVEDEN (G128) Post Seventeenth to nineteenth century park and gardens at Cliveden.

Medieval

23 Maidenhead – Post Paddington Medieval Railway

1836 Cropmark complex

1837 Bronze Age finds/ Iron Age bloomery?

1838 Iron Age finds

2529 two ring ditches

2531 Cropmarks

2535 Palaeolithic and Roman finds

2542 human burial undated

2543 Cropmark

2684 Post Clivendon Park

Medieval

2685 Iron Age Hillfort & Saxon Burial Mound etc

Saxon

3053 Palaeolithic Deposits

3139 Iron Age Iron Age settlement

3140 Post Berry Hill

Medieval

3157 Post Great Western Railway

Medieval

0 Medieval Old Maidenhead road bridge medieval/ post-medieval bridge

Event Name NGR Period Importance Description

Evaluation trial n trenching

Evaluation, excavation and watching brief on Taplow- Dorney pipeline

Geophysical survey of route of access road at Berry Hill Farm, Taplow

Geophysical

Event Name NGR Period Importance Description survey of St Nicholas's Graveyard and Bapsey's Meadow, Taplow

Watching brief

Excavation

Geophysical survey

Excavations along the line of the Maidenhead, Windsor and Eton Flood Eleviation Scheme

Area excavation of hillfort at Taplow Court

Geophysical survey along Taplow-Dorney pipeline

Geophysical survey on Taplow-Dorney pipeline

Watching brief

Geophysical survey

Geophysical surveys

Evaluation trial trenching

Archaeoligcal recording in advance of demolition of Taplow Court Ice House

Geophysical survey of route of access road at Berry Hill

Project number: 44170 Dated: 12/03/2015 | Event Name NGR Period Importance Description

Farm, Taplow

Evaluation trial trenching at Taplow Court

Geophysical survey of St Nicholas's Graveyard and Bapsey's Meadow, Taplow

Parchmark Survey of St Nicholas's Churchyard, Taplow

Excavations along the line of the Maidenhead, Windsor and Eton Flood Eleviation Scheme

Evaluation trial trenching

Maidenhead, Windsor and Eton Flood Alleviation Scheme

Area excavation of hillfort at Taplow Court

Test pitting and trial trenching

Evaluation trial trenching

Archaeological investigation of a lift pit in Taplow Court

Watching brief

Excavation

Geophysical survey along Taplow-Dorney

Event Name NGR Period Importance Description pipeline

Evaluation, excavation and watching brief on Taplow- Dorney pipeline

Excavation

Geophysical survey

Geophysical surveys

Historic Landscape Character

Ref No Event Name NGR Period Importance Type Description HBC227 Post Medium - High Parliamentary Thick wooded boundaries suggest assart although Medieval Enclosure (Original mapping shows this to be common land in the early Allotments) 19th century

HBC189 Taplow Historic Post High Settlement (pre 1885) Area demarcated on 1st edition and Jeffreys, although Core Medieval parts have subsequently been redeveloped

HBC230 Post High Commons & Greens

Medieval

HBC213 Post Medium - High Enclosure (pre 18th fields known as ten acres and old enclosures on the Medieval Century Irregular) enclosure map

HBC217 Post High Settlement (pre 1885) Settlement not registered on the 2" map Medieval

HBC218 Modern Low Disused Mineral

Extraction

HBC222 Modern Low Settlement (post 1885) Settlement is based upon a mixture of different enclosures, parliamentary and irregular.

HBC232 Post High Woodland (Ancient Although part of the NT Cliveden, the woodland could Medieval Semi Natural) have been the remnants of something older and more organic

HBC288 Post Medium - High Parliamentary Medieval Enclosure (Original Allotments)

HBC343 Modern Low Utilities Gas Works

HBC287 Modern Low - Medium Enclosure (20th 20th century housing is included within this polygon Century)

HBC220 Modern Low - Medium Enclosure (20th Later Enclosure created by the building of railway and Century) recent road

HBC223 Modern Low Disused Mineral

Extraction

Project number: 44170 Dated: 12/03/2015 | Historic Landscape Character

Ref No Event Name NGR Period Importance Type Description HBC224 Post Medium - High Parliamentary Medieval Enclosure (Original Allotments)

HBC229 Post Medium Woodland Secondary Encroachment of wood on former enclosed field Medieval (18th-19th Century)

HBC341 Post Medium Riverine Landscape River landscape including boat houses and early 20th Medieval century settlement on eyots, all areas wooded

HBC226 Taplow Modern Low Settlement (post 1885)

HBC342 Modern Low Industrial (post 1885) Warehouses and Paper Mill

HBC344 Post Medium Enclosure (19th

Medieval Century)

HBC345 Post Medium Woodland Secondary Medieval (18th-19th Century) Secondary - Modern

HBC333 Post Medium - High Parliamentary Remnants of enclosure fields eaten into by quarrying Medieval Enclosure (Original etc Allotments)

HBC420 Post Medium - High Parliamentary Medieval Enclosure (Original Allotments)

HBC225 Post Medium Enclosure (19th formerly known as Town field from Enclosure mapping Medieval Century)

HBC421 Post Medium Enclosure (19th

Medieval Century)

HBC214 Post Medium Woodland Secondary Small clump of woodland south of Taplow expanded Medieval (18th-19th Century) since 1950s - Modern

HBC283 Post Medium - High Enclosure (pre 18th Despite later divisions this area retains its thickly Medieval Century Irregular) wooded boundaries, formerly called 'Wittage' on the Enclosure map

HBC284 Modern Low - Medium Enclosure (20th Additional field boundaries from the Century)

HBC202 Modern Low - Medium Recreation (20th Taplow Common Century)

HBC203 Post High Commons & Greens

Medieval

HBC204 Modern Low Mineral Extraction Quarrying works

HBC228 Post Medium Woodland Secondary Formerly known as Clemish Meadow on the enclosure Medieval (18th-19th Century) map

HBC187 Modern Low - Medium Enclosure (20th Penning areas for animals horses? close cropped Century) grassland

HBC383 Modern Low Mineral Extraction

HBC219 Modern Low Settlement (post 1885)

HBC319 Modern Low Flooded Restored Former gravel pit coverted to fishing lake complete Mineral Extraction with fringe.

Historic Landscape Character

Ref No Event Name NGR Period Importance Type Description HBC234 Post Low - Medium Enclosure (20th The fields have been re-drawn somewhat and a Medieval Century) driveway bisects them through the original fields with warren place names

Project number: 44170 Dated: 12/03/2015 |

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