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ABSTRACTS BOOK 1 Scientific Committee ABSTRACTS BOOK 1 Scientific Committee Santiago Molina (Ecuador) (Coordinator) Becky Zug (Ecuador) Ximena Vélez-Liendo (Bolivia) Emre Can (United Kingdom) Claudio Groff (Italy) Diego Tirira (Ecuador) Rodrigo Cisneros (Ecuador) María de Lourdes Torres (Ecuador) Frank VanManen (IBA-USA) Nishith Dharaiya (India) Isaac Goldstein (WCS-Colombia) Diego Cisneros (Ecuador) Andrés Ortega (Ecuador) ISBN 978-9942-8545-9-9 CONTENIDO ORAL PRESENTATIONS .................................................................................................. 4 RESEARCH AND CONSERVATION OF THE ANDEAN BEAR ............................... 5 IS BEAR CONSERVATION ADVANCING? .................................................................. 43 BEAR ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR .............................................................................. 58 GENETICS AND PHYSIOLOGY .................................................................................... 97 POPULATION ESTIMATION AND SPATIAL ANALYSIS ......................................... 109 HUMAN-BEAR INTERACTIONS .................................................................................. 125 PUBLIC OUTREACH ....................................................................................................... 142 BEARS AND CLIMATE CHANGE ................................................................................. 148 BEARS OF THE WORLD: DISTRIBUTION AND CONSERVATION STATUS ........ 152 POSTER PRESENTATIONS ............................................................................................. 161 RESEARCH AND CONSERVATION OF THE ANDEAN BEAR ............................... 162 GENETICS & PHYSIOLOGY ........................................................................................... 179 HUMAN-BEAR INTERACTIONS .................................................................................. 209 POPULATION ESTIMATION AND SPATIAL ANALYSIS ......................................... 218 ABSTRACTS BOOK ORAL PRESENTATIONS 4 RESEARCH AND CONSERVATION OF THE ANDEAN BEAR RESEARCH AND CONSERVATION OF THE ANDEAN BEAR 5 OVERALL PHYLOGEOGRAPHY OF THE ANDEAN BEAR (TREMARCTOS ORNATUS, URSIDAE, CARNIVORA) BY MEANS OF MITOGENOMICS AND POSSIBLE ORIGINS OF SOME FOUNDING EUROPEAN ZOO INDIVIDUALS Jessica Yanina Arias Vásquez, Armando Castellanos, Manuel Ruiz-García Colombia [email protected] ABSTRACT Our laboratory was the first in the world to publish molecular genetic data of the Andean bear (Ruiz-Garcia 2003, 2006, 2013, Ruiz-Garcia et al., 2003, 2005), especially with nuclear genes (microsatellites). Nowadays, we show the first global analysis with mitogenomics for the entire geographical range of this species. For this, we analyzed mitochondrial sequences of 352 Andean bear (Tremarctos ornatus) individuals from all the important geographic areas in Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia, where this species inhabits. A large fraction of these animals was sequenced for their complete mitogenomes and those animals, where this was not possible by degraded DNA, were, at least, sequenced for three mitochondrial genes (mt COI, ND5, and 12S rRNA). The results showed that the mitochondrial diversification of the Andean bear was during the last phase of the Pleistocene with similar haplotypes in a large distribution area. However, two large different macro-populations seem to be present, one of them in the Northern Andes (Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador and northern Peru) and other in the Southern Andes (southern Peru and Bolivia). Furthermore, we analyzed, with extreme detail, the spatial genetic structure of the Andean bear within each one of the countries for conservation purposes. Additionally, we compared the sequences of these animals from wild with the mitochondrial sequences obtained from remains of some European zoo founding Andean bear specimens (Switzerland and France). Mitochondrial results could identify the geographical origins of the European zoo founding individuals. ABSTRACTS BOOK 6 MONITOREO DEL OSO ANDINO COMO HERRAMIENTA DE GESTIÓN DE ÁREAS PROTEGIDAS Troncoso Juan1, Giraldo María1, Guzmán Carolina1, Gallego Luis-Enrique1, Hernández Javier1, Osorio Libaniel1, Velásquez Aldemar1, Rojas Jhon1, Gómez José1, Gallego Luis- Guillermo1, Sánchez Leomede1, Giraldo Paula, Castrillón Laura2, Bustamante Luisa2, Bianchi Guillermo3, Goldstein Isaac2, Márquez Robert2 1Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia 2Wildlife Conservation Society 3Universidad de Los Andes, Venezuela RESUMEN El oso andino es un Valor Objeto de Conservación y de Sistema para Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia, dado que el estado del oso andino y sus amenazas sirven como indicadores del éxito de la gestión de las Áreas Protegidas (AP) y del Sistema de APs al cual pertenecen. En el año 2015, en el PNN Tamamá y su zona amortiguadora se modelaron la ocupación del oso andino y sus amenazas. La información se colectó en el 50 % del área, incluyendo zonas de alta y baja accesibilidad humana. El modelo a escala de área de acción mostró una alta ocupación (Ψ=0.85) y detectabilidad (p=0.64) para la especie. Los modelos de ocupación a escala de sitio señalaron a la presencia de presiones (ganadería extensiva, pequeños cultivos, tala selectiva, caza, quemas y minería) y la cantidad de hábitat remanente, como las variables que más afectaron la presencia del oso andino. La información proporcionada por el monitoreo de oso andino y sus amenazas fue usada como información de respaldo dentro de los ejercicios de prevención, vigilancia y control, e incluida en SicoSMART. La información permitió realizar ajustes en el Plan de Prevención, Vigilancia y Control (PVC), con el aumento o disminución de rutas de patrullaje en los sectores con base en la intensidad de las presiones, el aumento de personal fijo y de apoyo en los sectores con mayor presencia de presiones, y el incremento de los recursos para realizar patrullajes. En las áreas priorizadas, se reforzó la educación ambiental enfocada a niños escolares y adultos, en temas asociados a la utilización de buenas prácticas agropecuarias para disminuir las amenazas. La información se ha socializado con autoridades ambientales, gubernamentales y comunitarias presentes en el área de amortiguación para realizar intervenciones conjuntas, optimizar los recursos financieros y físicos dentro y fuera del área protegida, y disminuir las amenazas que afectan al oso andino y su hábitat. Estos resultados muestran la importancia de vincular la información de monitoreo y PVC en la gestión y manejo del área asegurando el éxito de las intervenciones. ABSTRACTS BOOK 7 CARACTERIZACIÓN Y ANÁLISIS DE CALIDAD DE HÁBITAT DE OSO ANDINO (TREMARCTOS ORNATUS) EN LA ZONA DE AMORTIGUAMIENTO DE UN ÁREA PROTEGIDA EN LA CORDILLERA ORIENTAL COLOMBIANA González Andrea, Rodríguez Samuel, Rodríguez Daniel, Jaramillo Juan, Reyes Adriana Fundación Wii, Colombia RESUMEN El estudio se desarrolló en la cordillera oriental colombiana dentro del área de amortiguamiento del Parque Nacional Natural Chingaza, macizo estratégico por su potencial hídrico para la sabana de Bogotá y otros municipios. El objetivo fue evaluar la calidad de hábitat utilizado por Tremarctos ornatus y aportar a su conocimiento y conservación a partir del análisis de composición florística, estructurales y de diversidad en bosques andinos y páramos de la región, mediante el montaje de nueve parcelas por ecosistema, ubicadas en zonas con y sin presencia de oso. En segundo lugar, con base en información obtenida del análisis anterior, se midieron las variables necesarias para obtener un índice de calidad de hábitat para la especie en la región. La composición florística y estructura encontradas son típicas de bosques jóvenes bajo procesos de intervención antrópica, lo que se evidencia por la ausencia o presencia restringida de especies propias de los bosques andinos, con pocos representantes de tallas juveniles y adultas, y con clases diamétricas tipo “J” invertida. La composición florística de los páramos de la región señala que estos en su mayoría se encuentran bajo estados de conservación más avanzados. Hubo bajos valores de riqueza para el municipio de Ubaque, donde no hay presencia de oso. El índice de calidad de hábitat señala bajos valores en áreas sin presencia de oso o con presencia reducida como el caso de Ubaque (Bosque andino 0,4/1) y Sesquilé (páramo 0,5/1) con respecto a los que presentaron los mayores valores, Choachí y San Juanito (Bosque andino 0,7/1) y Fómeque (páramo 0,83/1); mientras tanto, con respecto al bosque alto-andino, Junín, municipio con importantes procesos de paramización, presenta el valor más alto (0,77/1) con respecto a Guasca (0,46/1). Se observa que los individuos de la especie están aprovechando los recursos que brindan las áreas intervenidas. ABSTRACTS BOOK 8 CONSERVAMOS LA VIDA: ANDEAN BEAR CONSERVATION AT THE LANDSCAPE SCALE Acevedo Claudia1, Bernal Nicolás1, Bianchi Guillermo2,3, Bustamante Luisa2, Castrillón Laura2, Celis Jaime1, Cuevas Diana4, Estrada Isabel2, Forero Germán2, Franco Padu2, Gallego Luis-Enrique1, Gallego Luis-Guillermo1, García Laura1, Giraldo María1, Goldstein Isaac2, Gómez José1, Guzmán Diana- Carolina, Hernández Javier1, Huber Pino1, Lievano Ivonne1, Márquez Robert2, Mejía Beatriz5, Melchor Andrés2, Osorio Libaniel1, Parra Norman5, Raigozo Santiago2, Rojas Jhon1, Salazar María6, Salazar Martha6, Sánchez Leomede1, Silva Francisco5, Troncoso Juan1, Velásquez Aldemar1, Villegas María4 1Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia 2Wildlife Conservation Society 3Universidad de Los Andes,
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