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WSEAS International Conference on CULTURAL HERITAGE AND TOURISM (CUHT'08), Heraklion, Crete Island, Greece, July 22-24, 2008 A Revival of the Site of Abousir ( Taposiris Magna ) Dr. Abir Kassem & Dr. Mohamed Gouda Ph.D. Assistant Prof. Ph.D. Assistant Prof. Graeco-Roman Archaeology Dept. History Dept. Alexandria University Minia University. Faculty of Arts (Damanhour br.) 12 Tag Elroassaa st. 14 Aly Zul Fakar St., Roushdy, Sapa Pasha 21311 Kafr Abdou , Alexandria , Alexandria Egypt Egypt. 1-Introduction: A place located in the Northern Delta A) Abousir of Egypt, it contains a lot of archaeological Under the Persian Rule of Egypt, the sites. It lies on the Mediterranean coast, about town, have been inhabited since Pre- 45 km to the west of Alexandria on its western dynastic times, and became the capital road. It passes between Lake Mariout and the of the petty kingdom of Marea. This sea. Abousir , which was named in ancient name was derived from the ancient time Taposiris Magna is the town of Abu Sir Lake Mareotis, which extended to the today. south-east in what was at the time, fertile ground, in an area famous for its wine. Most of the remains of Taposiris 2- Problem Formulation Magna today, date to the Graeco- Before we go to its history and monuments, it Roman Period. must be noted that the aim or this article is as follows:- The site of Taposiris Magna has been 1- The revival of this site in order to be a excavated by a Hungarian team tourist one as it lies not far from the directed by Gyozo Voros between 1998 sea. and 2001. Recent finds include gold 2- It has an archeological view as it coins and a gold bracelet dating to the represents different periods of history Byzantine Period (4th century AD). A and has a unique character. well preserved black granite bust of the 3- It contains a sample of one of the seven goddess Isis, depicted in the Greek miracle of ancient world " Pharos of style with a wig of curls had also been Alexandria ". found in the temple's area. The site 4- From the healthy point, it has an old which had previously been somewhat reputation , which came back to Saint neglected, but it is is now undergoing Menas and his miracles about preservation by the Supreme Council hospitalization of patients (34 Km. of Antiquities. Despite this, it still from Marimina ). needs a lot of works to do in order to 5- Reorganizing this area to be one of the be a complete revival to this site, and most attractive and interesting sites for make of it a New Greek Acropolis different kind of people. according to its ancient importance. 6- The revival of the site will influenced the northern coast and will change the This site was used as a fortress during economic activities there. the Arab invasion of Egypt, then as a 7- Many foreigner missions still work quarantine station and part of the there till now. coastal caravan route. Nearby remains ISBN: 978-960-6766-89-3 71 ISSN 1790-2769 WSEAS International Conference on CULTURAL HERITAGE AND TOURISM (CUHT'08), Heraklion, Crete Island, Greece, July 22-24, 2008 Taposiris Magna was an important town during include the city of Philoxenite, which the Ptolemaic Periode, also it was considered was founded on the southern side of one of a series of Graeco-Roman sites on the Lake Mareotis, to the south-east of north coast. Taposiris Magna had a harbor with Abu Sir. Consequently, the site is a sea wall and quays. large, impressive and dates to the fifth and sixth centuries AD. This area is not to be confused with the pyramid field named Abousir near Saqqara Figure 1 : A view of Abousir. B-The Temple of Taposiris Magna This temple was dedicated to the god The most important monument within Osiris. There is evidence to prove that, the town was a temple enclosed within sacred animals were worshipped there. limestone walls, 84 M2. The walls, Archeologists found an animal although now in ruins, still stand about necropolis near the temple. There are 10 m. high in some parts, with also some remains of a Christian recesses. A stone pylon was built into church, which show that the temple the eastern side. was used as a church in later centuries. The temple was mostly destroyed Also it was found in the same area, when a Christian church was built in remains of public baths built by the the courtyard during the Byzantine era. emperor Justinian, as well as a seawall, quays and a bridge. The temple, we used to call Taposiris Near the beach side of the area, we can Magna, probably dates from the same also see the remains of a tower built by period. It must be considered that Plolemy II " Philadelphus ". This tower most of other structures in the Delta was an exact scale replica of the during this period were made of mud- destroyed Alexandrine Pharos brick, but the pylons remained from Lighthouse. the temple. ISBN: 978-960-6766-89-3 72 ISSN 1790-2769 WSEAS International Conference on CULTURAL HERITAGE AND TOURISM (CUHT'08), Heraklion, Crete Island, Greece, July 22-24, 2008 Figure 2 : Plan of Osiris Temple Figure 3: Temple of Osiris. C-The Tower The structure reveals three stores, the A17 M. tall tower nearby still remains first one was square, the second in the site, built by Ptolemy II octagonal and the third store was Philadelphos as a one-tenth size replica cylindrical. It has now been of the Pharos of Alexandria. The tower reconstructed with a wooden staircase was actually a funerary monument. up to the summit. Figure 4 : Abousir Tower Figure 5: Abousir Tower. ISBN: 978-960-6766-89-3 73 ISSN 1790-2769 WSEAS International Conference on CULTURAL HERITAGE AND TOURISM (CUHT'08), Heraklion, Crete Island, Greece, July 22-24, 2008 d) Lake Mariut propelled by long poles. As in the Nile (Mariout, Maryut, Mareotis) is just Valley, where much farming continued formed the southern border of to be carried on in almost the same Alexandria. Along the shore are reed- way as in ancient times, here, beds where fishermen, as in ancient fishermen also carried on mostly times, move about in flat-bottomed following in their ancestor's footsteps. boats Figure 6 : Lake Mariout Figure 7: Lake Mariout and Taposiris Magna. E) Abu Mena in the water table, which has caused a Abu Mena (also Abu Mina) was a number of the site's buildings to town, monastery complex and collapse or became unstable. Christian pilgrimage center in Late Antique of Egypt in a 6th-century, about 45 km southwest of Conclusion: Alexandria. Its remains were designated a " World Heritage Site " Therefore, the site was added to the list in 1979. There were also very few of threatened World Heritage Sites in standing remains, but the 2001. We would like to add that an foundations of most major buildings, animation presentation will show such as the great basilica, were easily precisely all the needed details around discernable. Recent agricultural the project of the revival of this site. efforts in the area have led to a This place contained the history , the significant rise legend, the archaeology and tourism , it just needs some focus on it. ISBN: 978-960-6766-89-3 74 ISSN 1790-2769 WSEAS International Conference on CULTURAL HERITAGE AND TOURISM (CUHT'08), Heraklion, Crete Island, Greece, July 22-24, 2008 Figure 8 : Abu Mina site Figure 9: Saint Mina . References 6- M.-F. Boussac, "n°5. Taposiris 1- S. Dhennin, "An Egyptian Magna et Plinthine", Fouilles et gypte et au Soudan 2002-ة Animal Necropolis in a Greek Travaux en Town : Taposiris Magna", 2003 , Orientalia 73/1 (2004), p. 3-6 Egyptian Archaeology (à M.-F. Boussac et alii, "Taposiris paraître 2008). Magna", Le Monde de la Bible 172 (juillet 2006), p. 43. 2- Th. Fournet, B. Redon, "Les bains de Taposiris Magna et les bains de 7- M.-F. Boussac, P. Georges, N. tradition hellénique en Egypte", Actes Zouair, "Egypte : un hypogée intact à du colloque Balnéorient, Le bain Plinthine", Archéologia 431 (mars collectif en Egypte. Origine, 2006), p. 8-9. ٛ eposeٛ ipt et actualités des pratiques. Alexandrie, 1er-4 décembre 8- M.-F. Boussac, "Taposiris Magna et 2006 (eposeipt epose). Plinthine", Archéologies. Vingt ans de recherches françaises dans le monde 3- M.-F. Boussac, "Taposiris Magna : (2005), p. 347. la création du port fermé", Villes fluviales et maritimes : les contraintes 9- P. Georges, "La nécropole de l’environnement, Actes du colloque hellénistique de Plinthine ", international (manuscrit déposé). Archéologia (sept. 2003), p. 35-41. 4- M.-F. Boussac, Th. Fournet, B. 10- M.-F. Boussac, Archéologia 403 Redon, "Taposiris Magna, un (sept. 2003), p. 40. epose balnéaire en Maréotide gréco-romaine", Autour des citernes 11- J.-P. Goiran, C. Morhange, d’Alexandrie. Histoire de l’eau à "Géoarchéologie des ports antiques en Alexandrie, catalogue d’exposition Méditerranée : problématiques et .epose). études de cas", Topoi 11 (2003), p ipteposeٛ epose PACA ( 647-669. 5- Th. Fournet, B. Redon, "Tell el- Herr, Taposiris Magna et les bains de 12- M.-F. Boussac, "n°5. Taposiris et gypte gréco-romaine", dans D. Plinthine", Fouilles et Travaux enة’l , gypte et au Soudan 2000-2002ة ,(.Valbelle, M. Abd el-Maksoud (ss dir ISBN: 978-960-6766-89-3 75 ISSN 1790-2769 WSEAS International Conference on CULTURAL HERITAGE AND TOURISM (CUHT'08), Heraklion, Crete Island, Greece, July 22-24, 2008 Tell el-Herr. Les niveaux d’époque Orientalia 72/1 (2003), p.
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  • Ancient Alexandria

    Ancient Alexandria

    Ancient Alexandria 1 Bibliotheca Alexandrina Cataloging-in-Publication Data Escoffey, Carole. Ancient Alexandria / Carole Escoffey ; illustrated by Flora Cavoura.– Alexandrina : Bibliotheca Alexandrina,2012 . p. cm. ISBN 978-977-452-200-0 1. Alexandria (Egypt) -- History -- Juvenile literature. 2. Egypt -- History -- 332-30 B.C. -- Juvenile literature. I. Cavoura, Flora. II. Title. 932--dc22 20126288655 ISBN 978-977-452-200-0 Dar El-Kuttub Depository No.: 13788/2012 © 2012 Bibliotheca Alexandrina. NON-COMMERCIAL REPRODUCTION Information in this publication has been produced with the intent that it be readily available for personal and public non-commercial use and may be reproduced, in part or in whole and by any means, without charge or further permission from the Bibliotheca Alexandrina. We ask only that: • Users exercise due diligence in ensuring the accuracy of the materials reproduced; • Bibliotheca Alexandrina be identified as the source; and • The reproduction is not represented as an official version of the materials reproduced, nor as having been made in affiliation with or with the endorsement of the Bibliotheca Alexandrina. COMMERCIAL REPRODUCTION Reproduction of multiple copies of materials in this publication, in whole or in part, for the purposes of commercial redistribution is prohibited except with written permission from the Bibliotheca Alexandrina. To obtain permission to reproduce materials in this publication for commercial purposes, please contact the Bibliotheca Alexandrina, P.O. Box 138, Chatby, Alexandria 21526, Egypt. e-mail: [email protected] Cover design and layout: Mina Nader Naguib Front cover: map of Alexandria by Mohamed El-Awwad, photo of the statue of Alexander the Great by Abdallah Dawestashy, drawing of Queen Cleopatra by Flora Cavoura.