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Duncanrig Secondary School Dept. of Design, Engineering & Technology National 4 / 5 Design & Manufacture

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Duncanrig Secondary School Dept. of Design, Engineering & Technology National 4 / 5 Design & Manufacture Duncanrig Secondary School Dept. of Design, Engineering & Technology National 4 / 5 Design & Manufacture - Revision Notes Contents 01 Exam Preparation Technique 02 The Design Process 03 The Design Team 04 Design Brief and Design Brief Analysis 05 Initial Research and Specifications 06 Design Factors Overview 07 Function and Performance 08 Fitness for Purpose 09 - 10 Ergonomics and sample answers 11 – 12 Aesthetics and Sample answers 13 – 14 Market 15 Society and the Environment 16 Idea Generation Techniques 17 Idea Development and Modelling Techniques 18 Graphics and Illustration Techniques 19 Evaluation Techniques 20 Materials Properties 21 Selecting Materials 22 Planning for manufacture, seq. of operations and cutting lists 23 Wooden Materials 24 – 25 Wood hand tools 26 – 27 Wood Carcase and Flat Frame Joints 28 Sample answer for answering manufacture type questions. 29 Wood finishes 30 – 31 Wood Lathe 32 – 33 Metal Materials 34 Metal and Plastic Hand Tolls 35 Metal Joining Techniques 36 Metal Finishes 37 Sand Casting 38 Die Casting, Piercing/Blanking and Shearing/Notching 39 – 40 Metal Lathe 41 Threading Metal 42 Hot Forming Metal 43 Cold Forming Metal 44 Extrusion of Metal and Plastic 45 Plastic Materials 46 Forming Plastics, Injection Moulding and Vacuum Forming 47 Rotational Moulding, Joining and Finishing Plastics 48 Vices, Clamping and Gluing 49 Screws, Nails and Knock down fittings. 50 Drilling 51 Power Tools 52 Computer Aided Manufacture 53 3D Printing and Laser Cutting 54 Manufacturing affecting Society 55 Safety in the Workshop Exam Preparation What makes up my grade in Design and Manufacture? The exam has written questions to test Knowledge and Understanding in Design and Manufacture. A grade A, B, C or D is awarded at National 5. 55% of your course award is made up of the practical assignment where you design and manufacture an item for a task set by the SQA. The exam is worth 45%. All of these elements are equally important and are combined to give you an overall grade for Design and Manufacture Study Tips • Start revising as early as possible inS3 and S4 • Choose a study room that is quiet and comfortable • Use study methods that suit you and check with your teacher to get ideas on how to do this. Similarly research study techniques online. • Make a study timetable and keep to it. Short revision periods with regular breaks are better than all day cramming. • Use your revision notes and past paper questions to prepare for Knowledge and Interpretation Exam Technique • Make sure you know the time and place of each exam Read over all the questions on the paper • Answer easier questions first. Don’t get bogged down on difficult questions—come back to them later • Answer all the questions even if you're not sure. writing something is better than nothing. • Keep drawings and written answers neat and tidy • Take all the time that is allocated for the exam—try to allow time to read over/checkall your answers at theend. • Make sure you read the question carefully and that you answer what has been asked. Answering State, Describe and Explain type questions 1. State Present in brief form. Similar words: give, identify, list, state. Example: Q: State the colour and shape of the following diagram. A: Blue, Square 2. Describing Give details of characteristics and/or features of something. More detail is required than what you would give for state. For example you may describe the process/stages for a concept, process, experiment, situation or facts, but do not simply list words, you must write descriptive sentences. You should outline a description but do not require justification. Example: Q: Describe the colour blue. A: Blue is a cold, sophisticated colour which can also create emotions of sadness. 3. Explaining: When you explain, you don't just write information - you also need to give reasons that backup/justify what you are saying – the “because” part. Example: Q: Explain the geometric form of a square. A: A square is considered geometric because it is made from straight lines, has four equal sides and all corners are at 90 degrees. 1 Design and the Design Process WHAT IS DESIGN? •It is how we as designers solve everyday problems in our environment but, it is much more than simply problem solving. •It helps us to realise and create many ideas that will lead to innovative new products that will help people in their daily lives. •Through continuous design, new and innovative products are constantly being created. •It is a large process that involves many steps to create effective working products from initial thoughts through to testing, manufacture and evaluation. •It affects our society and ourselves. Imagine life without transport, iPods, television and computers. How do some of these designs affect you? •Outside factors affect design such as current technologies and fashions etc. •Designers can gives us good and bad design that can help or disrupt our way of life/working. •Every product you use, from clothes to food and entertainment has been designed using a common design process. The Design Process 1. PROBLEM/BRIEF 10. MANUFACTURE 2. ANALYSIS 9. EVALUATION 3. RESEARCH AND INVESTIGATION /TESTING DESIGN CYCLE 8. PLANNING FOR 4. REQUIRED SPECIFICATION MANUFACTURE 7. SOLUTION 5. INITIAL IDEAS 6. IDEAS DEVELOPMENT STAGE WHAT IS IT? WHAT HAPPENS HERE Problem/Brief At this stage a problem is realised and a design brief written up which explains 1. the problem and 2. gives an indication of a very early solution (the brief). Analysis At this stage the designer will consider the various design factors that may affect the products design (e.g. (See next page for design materials, manufacture, economics and so on). A mind map/brainstorm/bubble diagram is usually drawn to factors/considerations) show your line of thought. (See the next page for design factors/issues that should be considered). Research/Investigation More detailed than analysis. At this stage you will begin to focus your research based on what design considerations you feel are the most important from your analysis. Required Specification A specific list of all of the things that your design must achieve to ensure that the problem/brief is solved. Initial Ideas Begin sketching ideas of possible solutions to your problem and evaluate each to find the best poten- tial solutions. Ideas Development Develop your best idea or ideas to determine the final solution and continue to evaluate these ideas in relation to your specification. Solution Draw up your final solution and evaluate it. Planning for manufacture A list of the steps you will take to construct your solution. This will also have to consist of working drawings and a cutting list. Evaluation and Testing The client, consumers, design team and safety technicians can begin testing the product to see if it is fit for purpose. Any problems that arise will have to solved. The design team will go back to previous stages of the design process to evaluate how best to resolve these problems. After which, they will apply these changes and test the product again until it is right. Manufacture Once the product is finished and everyone involved is completely satisfied the product can go into final production, ready to be sold to the consumer. 2 The Design Team People often think of design as being the product of one person. However, working alongside the designer is a number of people that make up a design team. Each person has a specific job to do and is a specialist in their area. Although the designer will normally provide the vision for the solution the rest of the design team must advise them on matters such as costing, manufacture and market to ensure the product is feasible and will appeal to consumers. Good design teams communicate effectively and will capitalise on the skills of each member to ensure the best design is achieved. The following members of the design team listed below are instrumental in ensuring successful product development. Designer: Person who designs a product for a client. The designer will have a wide area of knowledge ranging from: market, manufacture, consumer wants and needs. This allows the designer to design a product that satisfies a particular clients needs. Market Team: Marketing teams research the market, compiling data from consumers. The team will then inform the design team to ensure a successful end product can be made. Ergonomist: Person who specialises in ergonomic data such as anthropometrics etc. Economist: Person who deals with market economics. This may involve looking at the current cost of certain products on the market, costing of competitor products and the cost of materials. Engineers: Person who deals with the technical aspects of building and producing a product. The engineer will have specialist knowledge of materials and how to construct any given product. Manufacturer: Person who deals with manufacture. Unlike the engineer, the manufacturer will focus specifically on the processes required to make a product and what machinery/processes can be used to do this. Accountant: Person who deals with costing and budgeting. The accountant will look over project finances and ensure that the project stays within its budget. Retailer: A company or business that will stock and sell the end product. Consumer: The end user of a product, the person who buys and uses it. How do members of the design team link together? The following diagram shows how each member of the design teams links with another during the product design process. Designer: •Has to work with everyone to ensure the best possbile outcome is reached. Market Researcher: •Designer, Marketing Team, Consumer, Retailer. Accountant: •Designer, Manufacturer, Economist, Retailer. Engineers: •Manufacturer, Designer, Economist. Manufacturer: •Designer, Accountant, Engineer, Economist.
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