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Plagiarism Checker X Originality Report Similarity Found: 30% Plagiarism Checker X Originality Report Similarity Found: 30% Date: Monday, August 03, 2020 Statistics: 24008 words Plagiarized / 80071 Total words Remarks: Medium Plagiarism Detected - Your Document needs Selective Improvement. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HINDU DAN TRADISINYA Beberapa Risalah tentang Filsafat, Metode serta Dampaknya bagi Kehidupan / Editor: I Gede Suwantana Program Studi Magister Brahma Widya Pascasarjana IHDN Denpasar / 2019 Judul: HINDU DAN TRADISINYA: Beberapa Risalah tentang Filsafat, Metode serta Dampaknya bagi Kehidupan Penulis: Tim Program Studi Magister Brahma Widya Pascasarjana IHDN Denpasar Editor: I Gede Suwantana Diterbitkan oleh: IHDN PRESS ISBN: 978-623-7294-13-9 Redaksi: Jalan Ratna No. 51 Denpasar Kode Pos 80237 Telp/Fax: 0361 226656 Email: [email protected] / [email protected] Web: ihdnpress.ihdn.ac.id / ihdnpress.or.id Cetakan pertama : Oktober 2019 Cover: https://id.pinterest.com/pin/475692779366070567/?lp=true Hak cipta dilindungi oleh undang-undang Dilarang memperbanyak karya tulis ini dalam bentuk Dan dengan cara apapun tanpa ijin tertulis dari penerbit. Sambutan Ketua Program Studi Magister Brahma Widya Pascasarjana IHDN Denpasar Om Swastyastu, Rasa Angayubagia kami haturkan karena atas karunia Beliau segala sesuatunya dapat berjalan dengan baik. Saya selaku Kaprodi Magister Brahma Widya Program Pascasarjana IHDN Denpasar menyambut baik kehadiran karya ini. Semoga program rintisan dalam bentuk penerbitan karya bersama berupa buku dari mahasiswa Magister Program Studi Brahma Widya ini menjadi inspirasi sekaligus memberikan dampak positif bagi perkembangan literasi di Indonesia. Karya-karya seperti ini semesti mendapat perhatian serius bagi setiap insan akademisi di dalam upaya meningkatkan kualitas lulusan perguruan tinggi apalagi di tingkat Magister. Karya semacam ini merupakan barometer atas maju mundurnya sebuah institusi pendidikan. Semoga pendidikan yang berbasis output dan outcome ke depan benar-benar bisa diwujudkan dengan baik sehingga kualitas pendidikan di Indonesia berangsur-angsur mengalai peningkatan. Sungguh karya ini besar artinya bagi Institusi pendidikan. Semoga buku ini dapat memberikan manfaat bagi masyarakat Hindu dan bagi mereka yang ingin belajar tentang Hindu. Demikian juga, saya berharap semoga karya seperti ini akan bermunculan di tahun-tahun berikutnya. Terakhir, saya sampaikan selamat kepada seluruh mahasiswa Program Studi Magister Brahma Widya Program Pascasarjana IHDN Denpasar yang telah berkontribusi di dalam penyusunan buku ini, semoga karya ini bisa dijadikan pemicu untuk lebih banyak berkarya kedepannya. Om Shantih, Shantih, Shantih Om Denpasar, 16 September 2019 Dr. Ni Putu Winanti, S.Ag., M. Pd. NIP. 196801202000032001 Sambutan Direktur Program Pascasarjana IHDN Denpasar Om Swastyastu, Puji Syukur dan Rasa Angayubagia kami haturkan kehadapan Ida Sang Hyang Widhi Wasa karena atas karunia Beliau karya ini bisa diselesaikan dengan baik. Saya selaku Direktur Program Pascasarjana IHDN Denpasar merasa bangga dan menyambuh baik kehadiran karya berupa buku ini. Karya seperti ini merupakan sesuatu yang ditunggu-tunggu kehadirannya oleh berbagai kalangan. Secara akademik, kehadiran karya ini merupakan bukti nyata bahwa proses pendidikan telah berjalan dengan baik. Secara ini, karya ini juga dapat dipertanggungjawabkan oleh karena penulisnya adalah mereka yang sedang menempuh studi Magister di Prodi Brahma Widya yang kaidah-kaidah keilmiahannya tidak perlu diragukan lagi. Secara praktis karya ini tentu sangat bermanfaat bagi perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan sebagai sumber referensi serta sumber pelajaran bagi murid, mahasiswa dan masyarakat umumnya. Semoga karya ini dapat dijadikan inspirasi bagi prodi-prodi lain untuk secara aktif menulis, menuangkan ide-ide kreatifnya sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat luas. Hal ini penting karena bukti pertanggungjawaban secara akademik bisa dirasakan oleh masyarakat. Melalui karya ini, masyarakat menjadi tau kalau proses pendidikan yang dilaksanakan selama ini dapat berjalan secara baik dan dapat memberikan dampak yang signifikan baik kepada mahasiswa maupun masyarakat luas. Semoga kedepannya banyak karya sejenis yang hadir pada Program Pascasarjana IHDN Denpasar. Om Shantih, Shantih, Shantih, Om Denpasar, 17 September 2019 Prof. Dr. Dra. Relin D.E., M. Ag. NIP. 19680801 200112 2 002 Pengantar Editor Om Swastyastu, Hindu memberikan ruang tanpa batas terhadap pemahaman yang berbeda-beda. Hadirnya banyak paham sejak dulu tidak menyurutkan pemahaman baru yang hadir dan bahkan akan terus bermunculan di masa yang akan datang. Pemahaman yang muncul tampak berbeda satu dengan yang lain, tetapi memiliki justifikasi yang sama dalam Veda. Pemikiran-pemikiran baru yang kontekstual tidak pernah mengikis pondasi dasarnya dalam Veda, dan bahkan Veda itu sendiri yang mendorong hadirnya pemikiran kontekstual baru. Semakin banyak hadirnya pemikiran semakin mengukuhkan keberadaannya, bahwa Veda sangat layak dijadikan sebagai payung kehidupan manusia. Hindu tidak bisa diklaim per se oleh mereka yang ahli agama, teolog, pendeta, ataupun para pekerja agama. Hindu juga parallel dengan mereka yang bergerak di bidang sains dan teknologi, seni, politik, tata negara, dan kelompok-kelompok kegiatan lainnya. Metode dan pendekatan religius pun bervariasi memberikan ruang kebebasan bagi pemeluknya untuk menentukan sendiri. Pendekatan yang ada menyesuaikan dengan profesi masing-masing pemeluk sehingga tidak memerlukan banyak waktu dan tenaga untuk menyesuaikan diri. Atas dasar itu, beberapa melihat bahwa Hindu tampak misterius karena mereka menemukan banyak sisi yang berbeda. Beberapa lainnya melihat bahwa Hindu tidak memiliki ketegasan religius karena memberikan ruang yang berbeda. Mereka melihat bahwa keyakinan yang memiliki banyak sisi akan membingungkan pemeluknya. Sementara yang lainnya secara positif melihat bahwa Hindu mampu memberikan gambaran rasional dari sebuah keyakinan, karena di dalamnya tidak saja menyajikan keimanan, melainkan lebih pada sebuah penelitian ke dalam diri. Lainnya lagi, mereka yang larut dalam tradisi ritual melihat Hindu sebagai sebuah tradisi yang sibuk dengan laku ritual. Mereka melihat bahwa orang akan beragama hanya ketika telah melakukan berbagai ritual secara patuh. Bagi beberapa dari mereka juga ada yang berpandangan bahwa Hindu memiliki banyak kelemahan terutama di dalam menjaga jumlah umatnya karena tidak memiliki pedoman praktis yang dijadikan untuk mendoktrin pemeluknya. Demikian seterusnya banyak lagi persepsi lainnya. Karya yang terdiri dari kumpulan artikel ini mencoba mengurai beberapa sisi Hindu dari kajian serta perspektif yang berbeda. Sebagian besar tema yang disajikan bersifat filosofis, seperti prinsip Vedanta, Teologi, kosmologi, dan yang lainnya, sementara beberapa artikel menyajikan nilai-nilai praktis di lapangan termasuk nilai etik dan ritual. Keindahan yang ditemukan di dalam karya ini adalah keberagaman isinya. Beberapa artikel menguraikan tentang konsep Advaita Vedanta yang menekankan pada prinsip monis, dimana segalanya adalah Brahman, tidak ada sesuatu yang lain selain Brahman. Artinya hanya Brahman yang ada, sementara semua makhluk dan jagat raya ini hanyalah sebuah ilusi. Dari prinsip ini, maka metode yang bisa disajikan hanyalah Jnana Yoga, sebab hanya ketika seseorang mengetahui bahwa dirinya sendiri adalah Brahmanlah yang mencapai pembebasan. Sementara ia yang masih merasa bahwa dirinya ada dan tidak merasakan sebagai Brahman, maka ia masih berada di dalam lingkaran samsara atau Maya. Sementara itu, prinsip Bhakti juga diketengahkan di dalam artikel ini dari sudut pandang Dvaita Vedanta. Bhakti menekankan pada kepatuhan kepada Tuhan dimana setiap orang sebenarnya tidak berdaya di hadapan Tuhan. Hanya Tuhan yang maha kuasa, sementara jiwa-jiwa yang eksis ini tidak berdaya. Para jiwa tersebut akan mengalami pembebasan hanya ketika mendapat anugerah dari-Nya. Tuhan dalam hal ini harus disenangkan melalui pujian, sehingga dengan perkenan Beliau, seseorang bisa diangkat dan dimasukkan ke alam Tuhan dan kemudian menjadi abdi abadi disana. Mereka yang telah mencapai planet rohani tersebut tidak akan mengalami kelahiran ke duni ini lagi dan mereka selamanya telah terbebas dari penderitaan dunia. Beberapa artikel juga mengurai tentang prinsip-prinsip Raja Yoga yang menekankan tentang pentingnya meneliti diri ke dalam dengan jalan menggunakan segala perangkat yang disediakan oleh badan. Prinsip Raja Yoga ini digali dari berbagai kebijaksanaan nusantara yang tertuang di dalam literature-literatur nusantara dalam bentuk lontar. Sebagain jalan ini berpaham Siwa, sebagaimana yang ada di nusantara ini sebagian besar menganut Saiva Siddhanta. Penggalian melalui proses yang ada di dalam Tubuh apakah kundalini atau pemutaran roda dasa aksara menjadi point penting. Dlama proses ini, mereka harus secara rigid mengikuti pedoman yang telah di tuangkan di dalam teks dan oleh petunjuk guru, karena ajaran ini bersifat sangat rahasia. Apa yang menjadi tujuan dari penyelidikan ke dalam ini adalah sepenuhnya untuk mencapai pembebasan dari keterikatan dengan dunia dan meraih alam niskala yang penuh dengan kebahagiaan dan akhirnya menyatu dengan kesadaran tertinggi. Tidak ketinggalan, prinsip Karma Yoga juga dikaji dengan sangat baik. Karma merupakan prinsip penting dalam Hindu, sebab segala hal yang menyangkut hidup, kehidupan dan lakunya merupakan ruang lingkupnya. Segala sesuatu bisa ditelaah, dinarasi, dipahami, pendeknya dicerap
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