DOCSLIB.ORG

Petrosa Template

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Petrosa Template Gas to Liquid Technologies March 2012 Gareth Shaw The Petroleum Oil and Gas Corporation of South Africa (Soc) Ltd Reg. No. 1970/008130/07 The Petroleum Oil and Gas Corporation of South Africa (Pty) Ltd Reg. No. 1970/008130/07 Objectives What role should GTL technology play in future energy supply in South Africa? • List of GTL technologies to be considered • Major characteristics: • Costs • Emissions • Jobs • Water use The Petroleum Oil and Gas Corporation of South Africa (SOC) Ltd Reg. No. 1970/008130/07 2 GTL role in future supply The Petroleum Oil and Gas Corporation of South Africa (SOC) Ltd Reg. No. 1970/008130/07 3 Regional energy resource mix • East coast and West coast gas • Shale gas (not shown below) Current Operations The Petroleum Oil and Gas Corporation of South Africa (SOC) Ltd Reg. No. 1970/008130/07 Source: DOE, RSA 1 4 Demand for liquid fuels The Petroleum Oil and Gas Corporation of South Africa (SOC) Ltd Reg. No. 1970/008130/07 Source: PFC Energy 2 5 Gas reserves required to meet future growth GTL technology is now designed to make diesel In 2025 3.3 Tcf of gas will be required to meet 50 000 b/d diesel demand growth. In 2030 a further 4.6 Tcf of gas will be required to meet the 70 000 b/d diesel demand growth. The Petroleum Oil and Gas Corporation of South Africa (SOC) Ltd Reg. No. 1970/008130/07 Source: PFC Energy 2 6 GTL growing internationally Qatar Nigeria Malaysia Qatar Sasolburg Mossel Bay The Petroleum Oil and Gas Corporation of South Africa (SOC) Ltd Reg. No. 1970/008130/07 7 GTL operations worldwide PetroSA Sasol/QP Shell/QP Current 36 000 b/d 40 000 b/d 85 000 b/d South Africa RSA/Qatar Malaysia/Qatar Sasol/Chevron Shell/QP Future 32 400 b/d 70 000 b/d Nigeria Qatar 180000 160000 140000 120000 100000 Future 80000 Existing 60000 40000 Capacity barrels/day Capacity 20000 0 PetroSA Sasol Shell The Petroleum Oil and Gas Corporation of South Africa (SOC) Ltd Reg. No. 1970/008130/07 8 PetroSA’s GTL Operations The Petroleum Oil and Gas Corporation of South Africa (SOC) Ltd Reg. No. 1970/008130/07 9 PetroSA GTL Operations producing 1992 -2012 Petrol design basis Fresh water design The Petroleum Oil and Gas Corporation of South Africa (SOC) Ltd Reg. No. 1970/008130/07 10 Oryx GTL in Qatar The Petroleum Oil and Gas Corporation of South Africa (SOC) Ltd Reg. No. 1970/008130/07 Source: Technip 11 Escravos GTL in Nigeria The Petroleum Oil and Gas Corporation of South Africa (SOC) Ltd Reg. No. 1970/008130/07 Source: SasolChevron 12 Shell Pearl GTL in Qatar The Petroleum Oil and Gas Corporation of South Africa (SOC) Ltd Reg. No. 1970/008130/07 Source: Gas Matters 13 Semi Commercial Demonstration operational trials completed The Petroleum Oil and Gas Corporation of South Africa (SOC) Ltd Reg. No. 1970/008130/07 14 GTL industry facing high capital cost increases The Petroleum Oil and Gas Corporation of South Africa (SOC) Ltd Reg. No. 1970/008130/07 Source: Cera 15 GTL costs at $100 per barrel crude price $13/bbl $47/bbl $30/bbl The Petroleum Oil and Gas Corporation of South Africa (SOC) Ltd Reg. No. 1970/008130/07 16 GTL Technologies HTFT Prod Emissions Jobs Water Sea Cost use Water use Units tCO2/t prod Number T H2O/t T H2O/t prod prod HTFT 2.3 4 1000 5 (17) Mossel Bay LTFT Prod Emissions Jobs Water Sea Cost use Water use Units $/bbl tCO2/t prod Number T H2O/t T H2O/t prod prod 40 000 b/d 90 1.3 750 0 15 LCA Well 4.0 3 to wheels The Petroleum Oil and Gas Corporation of South Africa (SOC) Ltd Reg. No. 1970/008130/07 • Approximation 3 17 Conclusions • South Africa is well positioned to use GTL in the future • Diesel production by GTL matches local market demand • GTL technology production costs competitive • At $100 per barrel oil price • $5 per MMBTU gas price • Sufficient regional gas reserves discovered to meet diesel demand growth post 2020. • GTL technology designed to use seawater but then needs a coastal location. The Petroleum Oil and Gas Corporation of South Africa (SOC) Ltd Reg. No. 1970/008130/07 18 References 1. Magubane Nelisiwe, Our Journey Towards 2030, Department of Energy, RSA 2. PFC Energy, BLNS Supply Zone – Demand & Supply Forecast, November 2011 3. Forman G, Hahn T & Jensen S, Greenhouse Gas Emission Evaluation of the GTL Pathway, Environmental Science and Technology, Sept 2011 4. Environmental Resources Management Report, PetroSA Carbon Footprint Study FY09/10 & FY 10/11, Oct 2011 The Petroleum Oil and Gas Corporation of South Africa (SOC) Ltd Reg. No. 1970/008130/07 19 .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Hydrocarbon Exploration Activities in South Africa
    Hydrocarbon Exploration Activities in South Africa Anthea Davids [email protected] AAPG APRIL 2014 Petroleum Agency SA - oil and gas exploration and production regulator 1. Update on latest exploration activity 2. Some highlights and important upcoming events 3. Comments on shale gas Exploration map 3 years ago Exploration map 1 year ago Exploration map at APPEX 2014 Exploration map at AAPG ICE 2014 Offshore exploration SunguSungu 7 Production Rights 12 Exploration Rights 16 Technical Cooperation Permits Cairn India (60%) PetroSA (40%) West Coast Sungu Sungu Sunbird (76%) Anadarko (65%) PetroSA (24%) PetroSA (35%) Thombo (75%) Shallow-water Afren (25%) • Cairn India, PetroSA, Thombo, Afren, Sasol PetroSA (50%) • Sunbird - Production Shell International Sasol (50%) right around Ibhubesi Mid-Basin – BHP Billiton (90%) • Sungu Sungu Global (10%) Deep water – • Shell • BHP Billiton • OK Energy Southern basin • Anadarko and PetroSA • Silwerwave Energy PetroSA (20%) • New Age Anadarko (80%) • Rhino Oil • Imaforce Silver Wave Energy Greater Outeniqia Basin - comprising the Bredasdorp, Pletmos, Gamtoos, Algoa and Southern Outeniqua sub-basins South Coast PetroSA, ExonMobil with Impact, Bayfield, NewAge and Rift Petroleum in shallower waters. Total, CNR and Silverwave in deep water Bayfield PetroSA Energy New Age(50%) Rift(50%0 Total CNR (50%) Impact Africa Total (50%) South Coast Partnership Opportunities ExxonMobil (75%) East Impact Africa (25%) Coast Silver Wave Sasol ExxonMobil (75%) ExxonMobil Impact Africa (25%) Rights and major
    [Show full text]
  • Sidssa Sustainable Infrastructure Development Symposium South Africa
    SIDSSA SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT SYMPOSIUM SOUTH AFRICA 23 JUNE 2020 levels for 2020. If, on the other hand, infections rebound and a second round of lockdowns is “We are institutionalising the required in major economies, it is predicted that the global economy could shrink by almost 8 percent SIDS methodology as a new way in 2020 and grow at only around 1 percent in 2021. of packaging and preparing This crisis provides an opportunity for the Government to seriously consider key reforms necessary to revive and transform the economy to support inclusive. projects for funding.” It is evident that unlocking the potential of South Africa’s economy requires a range of reforms electricity and municipal services. This enables agriculture due to its employment creation capacity, in areas including infrastructure sector market, more efficient supply chains, increases productivity and the upstream agro-processing opportunities it regulation and operation of SOEs, and the investment and drives sustainable economic growth and a fast offers which leads to revitalization of rural economies. climate for private enterprises. The pandemic pace of job creation. Government must invest in Integrated human settlements is another area of made the need for these changes indisputable. infrastructure to enable businesses to accelerate focus in the SIDS process. Our promise of providing employment and grow the economy, which will also decent housing to low-income communities is not The Minister of Finance has put forward a package of allow government finances to stabilize and recover. totally fulfilled. We are fashioning innovative building reforms to address macroeconomic imbalances and However, infrastructure investment must present technologies, and financing instruments to allow the boost long-run growth as the crisis eases.
    [Show full text]
  • Overcoming the Legacy of Exclusion in South Africa
    Republic of South Africa Systematic Country Diagnostic Public Disclosure Authorized An Incomplete Transition: Overcoming the Legacy of Exclusion in South Africa Public Disclosure Authorized Background note Corporate Governance in South African State-Owned Enterprises Sunita Kikeri Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Corporate Governance in South African State-Owned Enterprises Sunita Kikeri1 Introduction State-owned enterprises (SOEs) play an important role in the South African economy. Since 1994 SOEs have been a significant vehicle for achieving economic growth and poverty reduction. They are especially important vehicles for addressing market failure and for delivering key infrastructure services such as energy, transport, and water that allow the economy to grow while ensuring equity through access and quality of social services to all citizens. Strengthening their role and performance is a key component of the Developmental State agenda. This agenda addresses the key challenges facing South Africa: high poverty and unemployment levels; skewed distribution and maintenance of infrastructure; unequal distribution of land and capital; and growing disparities between the rich and poor. The Government’s New Growth Path (NGP), which sets a target of creating five million additional jobs by 2020, specifically calls on SOEs to play a key developmental role. Other policies such as the National Development Plan (NDP), the Medium-Term Strategic Framework (MTSF), and the Industrial Policy Action Plan also highlight the role of SOEs as major contributors to infrastructure development and to economic restructuring, while the Nine-Point Plan, which outlines Government priorities, includes addressing the electricity challenge and supporting reforms in SOEs. Through these initiatives, the Government’s goal is to ensure that SOEs deliver on broader developmental goals and that they support the transformation and competitiveness of the economy.
    [Show full text]
  • TRANSNET PIPELINES 2020 Transnet Pipelines 2020 1
    TRANSNET PIPELINES 2020 Transnet Pipelines 2020 1 Contents 2 Highlights 2 Business overview 3 Where we operate 3 Regulatory environment 4 Operational performance 4 Core initiatives for 2020 5 Overview of key performance indicators 6 Financial performance review 7 Performance commentary 7 Financial sustainability 7 Capacity creation and maintenance 7 Operational performance 7 Capacity utilisation 7 Service delivery 8 Sustainable developmental outcomes 9 Key risks and mitigating activities 9 Opportunities 10 Abbreviations and acronyms Transnet Pipelines 2020 2 Highlights Revenue increased by 8,9% to R5,7 billion. EBITDA decreased by 4,7% to R3,8 billion. Petroleum volumes transported decreased by 0,3% to 17,8 billion litres. Recorded a DIFR of 0,70 against a target of 0,60. The New Multi-Product Pipeline (NMPP), 24-inch trunk Business overview line is in full operation with a capacity of 148 Mℓ per Transnet Pipelines (Pipelines) is the largest multi- week. The line is capable of transporting two diesel product pipeline operator in southern Africa, grades (D10 and D50) and two unleaded petrol grades transporting liquid petroleum and methane-rich gas (93 and 95) as well as jet fuel. through a network of 3 116 kilometres of pipeline The inland accumulation facility, located in the infrastructure. The core strategic objective of strategic node of Jameson Park, Gauteng (TM2) with Pipelines is to play a key role to ensure the product a capacity of 180 Mℓ, has been operational since security of supply for the inland market. Pipelines December 2017. It facilitates security of supply to the offers integrated pipeline network supply chain inland economic hub and surrounding areas.
    [Show full text]
  • Producing Meerkat Images with an Unlikely Algorithm SYSTEMS
    New Chief Scientist for SKA SA Former Columbia University academic joins SKA South Africa. PAGE 15 2016NEWSLETTER FOR SOUTH AFRICA’s SQUARE KILOMETRE ARRAY PROJECTnews PRODUCING PAGE 10 MEERKAT IMAGESThe search for WITH AN UNLIKELY serendipity ALGORITHM How will we find the PAGE 10 unknown unknowns? NEWS MINISTER NALEDI PANDOR AND DEPUTY MINISTERS VISIT ARRAY RELEASE 1 PAGE 03 SYSTEMS HERA AWARDED $9.5 MILLION FUNDING PAGE 12 OUTREACH LEADING US RADIO ASTRONOMER VISITS CARNARVON HIGH SCHOOL PAGE 16 From 4 of the Major milestone Ten legacy project eventual 64 dishes towards delivering teams share MeerKAT produces first the SKA Existing and future survey remarkable test image SKA selects final dish design project teams present plans SKANEWS 2016/2017 NEWSLETTER FOR SOUTH AFRICA’S SQUARE KILOMETRE ARRAY PROJECT SKA IN AFRICA HERA Thousands of SKA antenna dishes will be built in South Africa The HERA (Hydrogen Epoch of Reionisation Array) radio telescope will (in the Karoo, not far from the Northern Cape town of Carnarvon), be instrumental in detecting the distinctive signature that would allow with outstations in other parts of South Africa, astronomers to understand the formation and evolution of the very first as well as in eight African partner countries. luminous sources: the first stars and galaxies in the Universe. C-BASS KAT-7 The C-Band All Sky Survey project (C-BASS) The seven-dish MeerKAT precursor array, KAT-7, is a project to map the sky in microwave is the world’s first radio telescope array consisting of (short-wavelength radio) radiation. composite antenna structures. KUTUNSE MeerKAT The antenna in Kutunse, Ghana, which is part of the The South African MeerKAT radio telescope is a precursor to the SKA African Very Long Baseline Interferometry Square Kilometre Array (SKA) telescope and will be integrated (VLBI) Network (AVN).
    [Show full text]
  • Igas (Pipe- Petrosa, Sasol Igas (Pipelines Packing) and LNG Gas) Nuclear Nuclear Regulator Eskom, NECSA
    PCE & DOE DIALOGUE CEF GROUP PRESENTATION 9 JUNE 2015 Objectives . Give a holistic overview of CEF Group of Companies in delivering on the national security of energy supply and share often forgotten historical achievements made by CEF. Provide an overarching overview of Energy Options for context and background to fully appreciate the role of CEF and its importance from a national economic perspective and the role played by each entity. Address key CEF Group sustainability strategic challenges and in particular at PetroSA and what the joint efforts of the CEF & PetroSA Boards is trying to achieve in turning around the fortunes of PetroSA in a holistic manner with key timelines and objectives. Overview of the Group strategic objectives for delivering on the CEF Mandate and approach through Vision 2025 to drive Group sustainability in line with the “Redefined Role of CEF”. in support of the DoE, MTSF and SONA (June 2014). The team will dwell on the CEF Road Map. Way forward and the collective support and alignment required from all stakeholders in finding long term solutions for various solutions. Page . 2 Agenda 1 Overview of Energy Options for Economic Transformation & Sustainability 2 Overview of the CEF Mandate, Legislation and Historical Context 3 How the CEF Group is Geared to deliver on Security of Supply 4 Foundations for Group Sustainability 5 Focus on PetroSA Sustainability 6 Group Strategic Objectives 7 Summary of Group Initiatives 8 Policy Gaps 9 Support required from PCE & Way Forward Page . 3 Overview of Energy Options for
    [Show full text]
  • Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report: Volume 2
    VOLUME TWO Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report The report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission was presented to President Nelson Mandela on 29 October 1998. Archbishop Desmond Tutu Ms Hlengiwe Mkhize Chairperson Dr Alex Boraine Mr Dumisa Ntsebeza Vice-Chairperson Ms Mary Burton Dr Wendy Orr Revd Bongani Finca Adv Denzil Potgieter Ms Sisi Khampepe Dr Fazel Randera Mr Richard Lyster Ms Yasmin Sooka Mr Wynand Malan* Ms Glenda Wildschut Dr Khoza Mgojo * Subject to minority position. See volume 5. Chief Executive Officer: Dr Biki Minyuku I CONTENTS Chapter 1 Chapter 6 National Overview .......................................... 1 Special Investigation The Death of President Samora Machel ................................................ 488 Chapter 2 The State outside Special Investigation South Africa (1960-1990).......................... 42 Helderberg Crash ........................................... 497 Special Investigation Chemical and Biological Warfare........ 504 Chapter 3 The State inside South Africa (1960-1990).......................... 165 Special Investigation Appendix: State Security Forces: Directory Secret State Funding................................... 518 of Organisations and Structures........................ 313 Special Investigation Exhumations....................................................... 537 Chapter 4 The Liberation Movements from 1960 to 1990 ..................................................... 325 Special Investigation Appendix: Organisational structures and The Mandela United
    [Show full text]
  • Sasol Beyond South Africa
    Sasol beyond South Africa Who is Sasol? Sasol was founded in 1950 as Suid-Afrikaanse Steenkool en Olie (South African Coal and Oil) and was the world’s first coal-to-liquids refinery, now supplying 40% of South Africa’s fuel. The company has technology for the conversion of low-grade coal into synthetic fuels and chemicals. The company is also involved in many other industries, such as olefins and surfactants, polymers, solvents, ammonia, wax and nitrogen (used in fertiliser and explosives), among others. Protestors at the Global Day of Action during the UN’s 17th Conference of the Parties. Photo: groundWork Global activities Sasol is a global company listed on the New York and Johannesburg stock exchanges and has exploration, development, production, marketing and sales operations in thirty-eight countries across the world, including Southern Africa, the rest of Africa, the Americas, the United Kingdom, Europe, the Middle East, Northern Asia, Southeast Asia, the Far East and Australasia. Sasol Petroleum International (SPI) is responsible for Sasol’s oil and gas exploration in countries beyond South Africa, including Gabon, Nigeria, Papua Niue Guinea and Australia, while Sasol Synfuels International (SSI) develops gas-to-liquids (GTL) plants in places such as Latin America, Australasia, Asia-Pacific and the Middle East. 1 Africa Mozambique Mozambique’s current electricity generating capacity is around 2 200 MW, most of it from the Cahora Bassa hydroelectric dam. Most of that power is exported to neighbouring South Africa despite only about 18% of Mozambicans having access to electricity. A $2.1 billion joint venture project between Sasol and Mozambique’s Empresa Nacional Pipelines carrying gas from Mozambique to South Africa de Hidrocarbonetas (ENH) aims http://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/october-2007/pipeline-benefits- to develop a gas resource that mozambique-south-africa has been ‘stranded’ for many years since its discovery in the 1960.
    [Show full text]
  • Overview of the Liquid Fuels Sector in South Africa
    DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY PRESENTATION TO THE IEP STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION NELSPRUIT 19 NOVEMBER 2013 PRESENTED BY: MJ MACHETE OVERVIEW OF THE LIQUID FUELS SECTOR IN SOUTH AFRICA BY MOHUDI MACHETE Historical Excursion On The Liquid Fuels Sector • Liquid Fuels sector is more than 100 years in SA • Almost all petroleum products sold in South Africa were imported as refined product by the respective wholesale companies who distributed this to their branded retailers and various commercial customers. • In the first half of the 1950s, the government-initiated project to produce oil from South Africa’s abundant low- grade coal reserves, which saw the formation of the South African Coal, Oil and Gas Corporation Limited, later called Sasol Limited • In 1955 the first oil-from-coal-synthetic fuel plant – Sasol One – was constructed Historical Excursion On The Liquid Fuels Sector • Period of the Sasol Supply Agreements (SSA) or the Main Supply Agreement (MSA) between Sasol and the major distributors. • The international oil crisis of 1973 accelerated government’s plans to expand the capacity of Sasol’s oil-from-coal facilities • The UN’s imposition in 1977 of a mandatory crude oil embargo underlined these concerns, as did the Iranian revolution of 1979. • Sasol Two and Sasol Three were commissioned at Secunda, also in the inland region, in 1980 and 1982 respectively. Historical Excursion On The Liquid Fuels Sector • In 1987 when natural gas condensate was discovered off shore, the Government built a gas-to-liquids plant Mossel Bay (now owned and operated by PetroSA). • The Mossgas plant commenced production in late 1992. • Government, in addition to its direct intervention through Sasol to secure indigenous sources of petroleum product, also encouraged private sector initiatives aimed at addressing these concerns.
    [Show full text]
  • The Unraveling of a Fertiliser Cartel As Sasol Settles with the Commission on a Record Fine Fertiliser Cartel As
    Edition 32 • June 2009 In this Edition Page 1 - 4 The Unraveling of a The Unraveling of a Fertiliser Cartel as Sasol settles with the Commission on a Record Fine Fertiliser Cartel as Page 2 Editorial Note Sasol Settles with the Page 5 Commission on a Record ICN Merger and Unilateral Conduct Workshops Fine Page 6 R250 million, representing 8% of its Practitioners meeting Sasol Nitro division’s turnover. Below we briefly discuss the cases as well as the Commission’s approach to this Page 7-8 settlement. Merger between Much Asphalt, Gauteng Asphalt, Road Seal and The Nutri-Flo Complaint Road Seal Properties In November 2003, Nutri-Flo, a small Page 9-10 fertiliser blender and distributor (a The Competition Act and Professional customer of Sasol), lodged a complaint Associations with the Commission alleging that three large fertiliser suppliers in South Africa, Sasol, Kynoch and Omnia, were Page 11-12 engaged in collusion by dividing the The Organisation for Economic Co- markets for various fertiliser products operation and Development and the such as Limestone Ammonium Nitrate Global Forum on Competition, 2009 (LAN) and by fixing prices of LAN and other fertiliser products. Further, By: Tembinkosi Bonakele Nutri-Flo alleged that Sasol had Page 13-14 abused its dominance by engaging Competition Commission of South in excessive pricing in respect of LAN On 20 May 2009 the Competition Africa against Senwes Limited and Ammonium Nitrate Solution (ANS) Tribunal (‘the Tribunal’) confirmed and in exclusionary conduct through the settlement agreement between an effective margin squeeze. the Competition Commission (‘the Page 14-15 Commission’) and Sasol Chemical Competition Commission Initiates During its investigation of the complaint Industries (‘Sasol’).
    [Show full text]
  • Positive Actions in Turbulent Times
    positive actions in turbulent times Our strategy remains unchanged and our value proposition intact. Balancing short-term needs and long-term sustainability, we have continued to renew our business basics, preserving Sasol’s robust fundamentals and delivering a solid performance in deteriorating markets. Our pipeline of growth projects remains strong, even though we have reprioritised capital spending. With our shared values as our guide, we have dealt decisively with disappointments and unprecedented challenges. We are confident that our positive actions will help us navigate the storm and emerge stronger than before. About Sasol sasol annual review and summarised financial information 2009 financial information and summarised review sasol annual Sasol is an energy and chemicals company. We convert coal and gas into liquid fuels, fuel components and chemicals through our proprietary Fischer-Tropsch (FT) processes. We mine coal in South Africa, and produce gas and condensate in Mozambique and oil in Gabon. We have chemical manufacturing and marketing operations in South Africa, Europe, the Middle East, Asia and the Americas. In South Africa, we refine imported crude oil and retail liquid fuels through our network of Sasol convenience centres. We also supply fuels to other distributors in the region and gas to industrial customers in South Africa. Based in South Africa, Sasol has operations in 38 countries and employs some 34 000 people. We continue to pursue international opportunities to commercialise our gas-to-liquids (GTL) and coal-to-liquids (CTL) technology. In partnership with Qatar Petroleum we started up our first international GTL plant, Oryx GTL, in Qatar in 2007.
    [Show full text]
  • Clean Coal Technologies in South Africa
    Clean Coal Technologies in South Africa UN EWG CCS 10 & 11 Sep07 New York Dr A D Surridge Senior Manager: Advanced Fossil Fuel Use [email protected] OVERVIEW Energy Flows Current & Future Electricity Capacity Current & Future Liquid Fuels Capacity Carbon Capture & Storage Other Clean Coal Technologies South African National Energy Research Institute Areas of Possible Co-operation Summary 2 ENERGY FLOW SUPPLY TRANSFORM TRANSPORT END USE Oil Oil Refineries Rail Liquid Road Fuels PetroSA Pipeline Natural Gas Sasol Pipeline Gas Sasol Export Coal “Washery” Road/Rail Coal Eskom and Others Transmission Electricity Hydro Wires Nuclear Koeberg Renewable Person/Road Wood 3 4 ELECTRICITY GENERATION CAPACITY 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 00 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 40,000 MAJUBA 35,000 PALMIET KENDAL 30,000 MATIMBA 25,000 LETHABO 20,000 TUTUKA KO EB ER G DRAKENSBERG 15,000 CAHORA BASSA Megawatt Installed DUHVA 10,000 MATLA BRAKPAN ROSHERVILLE VAN DER KLOOF GROOTVLEI ACACIA PORT REX INGAGANE WILGE GEORGE KR IEL VEREENINGING WITBANK VAAL 5,000 KO M A TI GARIEP UM GENI COLENSO CAMDEN KLIP SOUTH COAST CONGELLO TAAIBOS ARNOT CENTRAL WEST BANK HIG HV ELD VIERFONTEIN SALT RIVER HEX RIVER HENDRINA 0 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 00 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 Year 5 Eskom [Electricity] ~40% Africa Generation Capacity H Coal Fired H Nuclear G H Hydro G H G Gas Turbine [Liquid] 6 Potential New Coal NEW ELECTRICITY GENERATION STATIONS I Coal: Super Critical Coal-Fired: Medupi plus three others under consideration Underground Gasification Return
    [Show full text]