LUTHERAN HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF THE MID-ATLANTIC LUTHERAN HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF THE MID-ATLANTIC

V OLUME 23, NUMBER 2 NEWSLETTER S UMMER 2012 INSIDE THIS ISSUE: Fall Program: President’s Corner 2 “Early Christian Architecture and Spirituality: Mark Dixon Wins 3 How ELCA Worship Renewal Relates to Early Christian Wentz Prize Electronic Newsletter Principles of Worship Space and Spiritual Presence” 3 Option Presenter: Presentation on Adams Dr. Gerald Christianson, 4 County Slave History Professor of Church History, Emeritus Lutheran Theological Seminary at Gettysburg Jack White Obituary 6 A Tale of Two Two Dates!! Lutherans During 7 Slavery Era Gettysburg Program: State College Program: Saturday, October 20, 2012 Tuesday, October 23, 2012 St. James Lutheran Church OR Grace Lutheran Church York and Stratton Streets 205 South Garner Street Gettysburg, PA 17325 State College, PA 16801 For updated information log on to www.lhsmidatlantic.com.

Coming in September: Congregational Heritage Workshops SPECIAL POINTS OF By John Deeben INTEREST: The Lutheran Historical Society of opportunity not just for pastors and lay  Several speakers planned the Mid-Atlantic will once again host the congregational leaders, but also archi- for Congregational Congregational Heritage Workshops on vists, librarians, church historians, anni- Heritage Workshops Saturday September 15, 2012. The day- versary planning committees, members  Four new board members long event will be held in Valentine Hall of congregational and synodical history started their terms on the campus of the Lutheran Theologi- committees, and anyone with an interest following April meeting cal Seminary at Gettysburg, Pennsyl- in keeping and writing history.  A.R. Wentz Prize related vania, and will feature several tracks of The planned sessions and speakers to research on American concurrent lectures on a variety of topics include: church history promoting the study, preservation, and  Abolitionist Thaddeus celebration of Lutheran history in the  Organizing Archives for Small Churches (Rev. Richard Berg, Evan- Stevens, Gettysburg Mid-Atlantic region. Drawing upon the lawyer and Pennsylvania expertise of noteworthy history, archi- gelical & Reformed Historical Soci- politician, was a strong val, and genealogy professionals, the ety, Lancaster); local voice for racial equality workshops offer a perfect educational (Continued on page 5) P AGE 2 V OLUME 23, NUMBER 2

President’s Corner - Summer 2012

The mission of the Lutheran At our last annual meeting four board. Historical Society of the Mid- board members concluded their This is a busy late summer/fall Atlantic is to preserve, to document, service. They were George Hand- for the society and we hope you and to stir interest in the rich Lu- ley, Don Housley, will be able to theran traditions which are the George Mocko, and Judy join us for sev- foundation of the church. Specifi- Simonson. On behalf of eral of our cally, the Society intends to foster the board and the soci- planned events. knowledge and use of Lutheran his- ety, I thank them for On September tory in the synods and congrega- their service. They con- 15, the society tions and among individuals. tributed greatly to the hosts a Congre- life and programming of The mission of the society cen- gational Heri- the society over the years and we ters around exploring and sharing tage Workshop. On October 20 and wish them well. God’s activity in the life of Lu- 23 we will host our annual fall pro- theran Christians who have lived, On May 6 board member An- gram on “Early Christian Architec- worshipped, and served in the Mid- drew “Jack” White died. Jack and ture and Spirituality.” For the first Atlantic region of the United States. his wife Phyllis attended the annual time it will be offered at two differ- Our programming meeting in April at ent locations with one in Gettysburg and activities seek Gettysburg. Jack and the other at State College, PA. “... I invite you to keep to draw people joined the board in As always, I encourage you to into this story [Jack’s] wife Phyllis, his 2010 and for two recruit new members for the soci- especially how it children, and his family in years was a faith- ety. Membership is an important has unfolded in your prayers. Rest eternal ful and energetic our past but also grant him, O Lord, and let participant in the (Continued on page 4) how it develops in light perpetual shine upon life and work of our present. him. ….” the society. His Welcome New Members Much of what we obituary can be study, investigate, and seek to learn found elsewhere in this newsletter. LHSMA welcomes the following new members since our about revolves around people who Several members of the board and Spring 2012 Newsletter: in faith have sought to serve their the society attended his funeral at Lord. St. Luke’s Lutheran Church in Individual Members: Chambersburg, PA on May 10. I Marianne Brock - Mechanicsburg, PA The governance of our society invite you to keep his wife Phyllis, Walter Carlson - Lancaster, PA is entrusted to the board of directors his children, and his family in your Jon & Nancy Keller - Kutztown, PA elected at the annual meeting. I prayers. Rest eternal grant him, O Jane Pippert-Brown - Lancaster, PA want to thank them for their will- W. Thomas & Barbara Vossler - Lord, and let light perpetual shine ingness to serve and help the soci- Gettysburg, PA upon him. ety fulfill its mission. I see God at Kim Eric Williams - West Chester, PA work in this group of people and in The board has appointed Judy Please notify us of any the ways they dedicate and commit Simonson to fill Jack’s board seat corrections to the list. their time and energy to the society. and we welcome Judy back to the

LHSMA 2012 - 2013 Board of Directors Officers Other Board Members Board Emeriti Stephen Herr John Deeben B. Bohleke Kevin Hepler Phil Teigen Charles Glatfelter President Secretary Peggy Brookshire Susan Hill James B. Vigen Michael Kurtz Mark Oldenburg Lee Knepp Maria Erling Barbara Luebbe Annabelle Wenzke Fred Wentz Vice President Treasurer John Fehringer Judy Simonson L UTHERAN HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF THE MID-ATLANTIC P AGE 3 Mark Dixon Wins 2011 A.R. Wentz Essay Prize Submitted by Jim Vigen Mark Dixon, a Ph.D. Student at Princeton Theo- chatological activity, the Bible’s power to move people logical Seminary, has been named the winner of the to faith and repentance, and an immediate pastoral con- 2011 A.R. Wentz Essay Prize by the Lutheran Histori- cern for the flock”. cal Society of the Mid-Atlantic. The announcement Dixon is a 2006 graduate of Concordia College in was made at the Historical Society’s Spring Program Moorhead, MN, of Luther Seminary, St. Paul, MN, and Annual Meeting on April 17, 2012. 2011, and currently a Ph.D. student at Princeton Theo- Dixon’s winning essay is entitled “Henry Melchior logical Seminary. Dixon is a member of the Evangeli- Muhlenberg: A Biographical and Market-Historical cal Lutheran Church in America. Dixon currently Examination,” a paper which he also presented at the serves as an editorial assistant to the Rev. Dr. Paul American Academy of Religion’s 2011 Upper Midwest Rorem, editor of Lutheran Quarterly. Other honors Regional Conference. Dixon’s essay examined include the Goethe Stipend (2012), a Princeton Theo- Muhlenberg’s theology, homiletics and polity through logical Seminary Fellowship and Merit Tuition Scholar- the lens of the patriarch’s Journals and Korrespondenz. ship (2011), an ELCA Grant for Advanced Theological Dixon then went on to analyze Muhlenberg’s ministry Education (2011) and the G.M. and Minnie Bruce Prize using the historical-sociological methods of Roger in New Testament Studies from Luther Seminary Finke and Rodney Stark as set forth in their 2008 work (2011). “Churching of America 1776-2005: Winners and Los- The Abdel Ross Wentz Prize ($2,000 award) is ers in our Religious Economy.” Dixon concludes his biennially presented to the author of the most out- analysis by declaring Muhlenberg a “winner”, albeit, standing essay or research paper dealing with American “by accident” by which the author means, Muhlenberg Church history. The award is in honor of Abdel Ross did not set out to be successful at church planting, but Wentz (1883-1976), a leading historian, teacher, pastor, “to serve Christ’s church, which as he understood it was administrator and international world figure. Dr. Wentz shaped by Lutheran symbolical documents...the ideal was a professor and past President of Gettysburg Semi- ‘winner’ or church growth pastor is one who does not nary and also taught for two years at Lutheran Theo- focus on growth, but on the central things: God’s es- logical Southern Seminary, in Columbia, SC.

ELECTRONIC NEWSLETTER NOTICE! The Lutheran Historical Society of the Mid‐Atlantic will start offering its annual newsletter (3 issues per year) in electronic form (PDF file format) to inter‐ ested members. If you would like to receive the newsletter electronically, please send an email to newsletter editor John Deeben at [email protected] and put “LHSMA Newsletter” in the subject heading. Members who elect to receive the news‐ letter electronically will NOT have a hardcopy sent to their mail‐ ing address in an effort to reduce postage costs. P AGE 4 V OLUME 23, NUMBER 2 Spring Program Presentation Addresses

Adams County Slave History By Sue Hill Presenters Debra Sandoe McCauslin and Timothy and their children were required to register at the court H. Smith shared a history of slavery in Adams County, house. In addition, children of slave mothers worked Pennsylvania at LHSMA’s Spring Program held April for the mother’s master until age twenty-eight when 17, 2012 at the Lutheran Theological Seminary at Get- they were manu- tysburg. In at least one way, the sharing was personally mitted. Slavery motivated. McCauslin of For the Cause Productions is did decline over a relative of George Washington Sandoe, Pennsylvania time in Pennsyl- Cavalry, and the first from that unit to fall during a skir- vania as a result mish at McAllister’s Mill, Gettysburg, 1863. Smith, a of the act, and local historian, is an author, a research assistant at the Smith pointed Adams County Historical Society, and a licensed battle- out that northern- field guide at Gettysburg National Military Park. ers mistakenly McCauslin and Smith demonstrated the dynamics of expected the same kind of gradual decline to take place slavery in the daily lives of eighteenth and nineteenth in the south. Patience Hack was the last enslaved per- century Adams Countians in a presentation entitled, son to die in Adams County in 1858. After 1850, slaves “How Slavery Affected Adams County Residents.” were no longer included in the local census reports. Slaves existed as early as the 1730’s and 1740’s in McCauslin described the Underground Railroad the area that became Adams County. Some emigrated activity during the Civil War era by the Menallen with their Scot-Irish masters from Europe. German Friends Quaker community, one that still exists today in settlers to the region seldom owned slaves. Slaves in the Upper Adams County area. Quakers held anti- early America could be willed to the next generations. slavery meetings near Gettysburg as early as 1820, and In 1783 area tax records list one hundred sixty-one they enacted their beliefs by assisting slaves escaping to slave owners and three hundred ninety-one slaves. By the north across the Mason-Dixon Line just twenty 1790, three percent of the ten thousand folks recorded miles to the south of Upper Adams. Yellow Hill, a in Adams County were slaves. community near Biglerville, Pennsylvania, seven miles north of Gettysburg, was an active location in the Un- An Act for the Gradual Abolition of Slavery (1780, derground Railroad and the home of the mulatto Ed- Pennsylvania) prohibited the importation of additional ward Mathews family. Mathews assisted the Quakers slaves in Pennsylvania but guaranteed lifetime slavery in Underground Railroad activity. It is believed Yellow for those slaves owned prior to 1780. By law, all slaves (Continued on page 5)

President’s Message you to visit us on the web at www.lhsmidatlantic.com God’s blessings to you and yours for an enjoyable, (Continued from page 2) safe, and fun summer. component for the society to remain sustainable and Sincerely in Christ, fulfill its mission. The society has materials including brochures and membership forms to share with you and Stephen Herr, President your congregations. Our website continues to be a June 2012 source of information and resources and I encourage L UTHERAN HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF THE MID-ATLANTIC P AGE 5

CONGREGATIONAL HERITAGE WORKSHOPS (Continued from page 1) - How to Handle the Negative be given by Rev. John Spangler,  Oral History (Linda Shopes, Aspects of Anniversary Plan- Executive Assistant to the President Pennsylvania Historical & Mu- ning and Congrega- for Communication and seum Commission (retired)); tional History (Rev. Planning at Gettysburg  Pennsylvania German Baptis- George Handley, re- Seminary and president mal Records (John T. Hum- tired); and of the phrey, Washington, DC);  An Overview of Lo- Historic Preservation Foundation.  Preserving Archival Records cal Lutheran Records and Artifacts (John Peterson, at the Adams County You can download the Lutheran Archives Center, Historical Society registration materials ); (Timothy H. Smith, from the Society’s Research Historian,  Library Resources for Lutheran website at ACHS). History (Rev. Dr. Maria Erling, www.lhsmidatlantic.com. Dis- Gettysburg Seminary); The day’s activities will end counted fees will be available for Society members as well as groups  Writing Congregational Histo- with a presentation for all partici- attending from the same congrega- ries (Dr. Don Housley, Susque- pants on the renovations to tion, so encourage your friends and hanna University, retired); Schmucker Hall that are currently underway in anticipation of the church family to partake of a fun-  Planning Major Anniversaries 150th anniversary of the Battle of filled day of history and educa- and “Dealing with Dirty Linen” Gettysburg in 2013. The talk will tion!

A Friendly Reminder to Society Members: Please remit your 2012 dues as soon as you receive your renewal notice from Treasurer Lee Knepp: $20/calendar year.

Former slave Benjamin Craig bought a house where the Slave History Avenue Diner stands in Gettysburg today with money (Continued from page 4) gifted to him by his former mistress. Jesse Mathews Hill got its name from the skin color of the mulattos Vann, granddaughter of Yellow Hill’s Edward Mathews who lived there. was the wife of Robert Vann, a journalist and politician. She became an influential civil rights Interestingly, abolitionist and freed slave, Frederick advocate appointed to government advisory boards and Douglass, came to Gettysburg to speak against slavery diplomatic positions by President Dwight Eisenhower. in 1869. He was not allowed to eat inside the local ho- tel because of his race. Daniel Payne, a nineteenth cen- The long history of blacks and slavery in Pennsyl- tury black theologian and educator trained at Gettys- vania and Adams County continues to unfold. Gettys- burg Lutheran Seminary, encouraged the educational burg’s Seminary Ridge Museum, a cooperative venture development of blacks in Gettysburg. Abolitionist between the Lutheran Theological Seminary at Gettys- Thaddeus Stevens, Gettysburg lawyer and Pennsylvania burg and the Adams County Historical Society opening politician, was a strong local voice for racial equality. in the spring of 2013 at the time of the 150th anniver- Black Adams County residents became distinguished sary of the , will help to tell the soldiers in the United States Colored Troops. Former area’s African-American story. McCauslin and Smith slave Owen Robinson became a successful black busi- have contributed an enticing introduction to this fasci- ness man selling oysters and ice cream in Gettysburg. nating and important history. P AGE 6 V OLUME 23, NUMBER 2 Board Member Jack White Dies Submitted by John Deeben The Lutheran Historical Soci- cessor bodies of the current Evan- personnel and fundraising for that ety of the Mid-Atlantic regretfully gelical Lutheran Church in America program serving individuals with reports the passing of board mem- (ELCA) denomination. White for developmental delays. Beginning ber Rev. Dr. Andrew many years also edited in 1981, White also served from John “Jack” White, Parish Practice Note- 1981 to 1997 as secretary for the who died Sunday, May book, a publication that Board of the Mt. Airy Village De- 6, 2012 in Chambers- sought to convey to velopment Corp. For 11 years, burg, PA, where he alumni and other while living in Philadelphia, White lived in retirement. A church leaders fresh chaired the Board of Lutheran Re- native of Columbus, ideas in connection tirement Homes (Paul’s Run), a OH, and born May 24, with successful congre- social ministry organization of the 1932, White was 79. gational ministry. church located in Northeast Phila- He served on the As an ordained pastor delphia, from 1977 to 1988. LHSMA board of di- of the Evangelical Lu- A Wittenberg University gradu- rectors since 2009 and theran Church in ate (1954), Jack earned his Master had just been elected to another America (ELCA) and a member of of Divinity in 1957 from Hamma term at the annual spring meeting the Slovak Zion Synod of that School of Theology, a predecessor on April 17, 2012. church, he served two congrega- school for today’s Trinity Lutheran White was professor emeritus tions before becoming a profes- Seminary in Columbus, OH. Trin- at The Lutheran Theological Semi- sor—Bethany Evangelical Lutheran ity named him its distinguished nary at Philadelphia (LTSP), where Church in Cicero, IN, and Calvary alumnus in 1986. He earned his he served from 1967 to 1997. He Evangelical Lutheran Church in PhD from Case Western Reserve had held the Peter Paul and Eliza- East Cleveland, OH. While in East University in 1969, focusing his beth Hagan Professor Chair of Prac- Cleveland he also chaired that city’s thesis on the areas of political sci- tical Theology for 14 years and had Human Relations Committee (1962 ence and community organization. served as secretary of the faculty –65). He earned the Master of Theology for three years. From 1983 until his Appointed to the LTSP faculty from the Christian Theological retirement, he was director of Con- in 1967, White became vigorously Seminary in Indianapolis, IN. textual Education (field work) at the active on the civic scene while a After his wife died early last school, and directed the seminary’s resident of Philadelphia’s East year, White remarried. His widow, Graduate School (Advanced-Level Mount Airy neighborhood. He Phyllis Ann Akers White, survives. Degree Programs) from 1991 until served on the Board of East Mount Also surviving are four children, he retired. During his seminary Airy Neighbors (EMAN) from Mary Sue Burns of Marlinton, WV; career, White served four years 1968 to 1974 and from 1976 to Daniel of Atlanta, GA; John of (1978–82) as Executive Director of 1979. He served four years on the Houston, TX, and James of Hun- the Council for Lutheran Theologi- Board of Philadelphia’s Haverford tingdon, PA; five grandchildren, cal Education in the Northeast Community Center (1968–72). Jesse and Jonathan Burns, Sara (CLTEN), which coupled the Phila- From 1972 to 1978, White was on May, Shelby T. and Joanna M. delphia and Gettysburg seminaries the Democratic Ward Executive White; and a sister, Dorothy Jean with 11 regional synods and dis- Committee and was frequently its Robinson of Ormond Beach, FL. tricts of two national Lutheran vice-chair. From 1971 to 1978 he Two stepchildren survive: Kathryn church bodies of that time, the Lu- was vice-chair of the Board for Perbetzky of Philadelphia and theran Church in America and the EMAN Group Homes, focusing on George Akers of Gettysburg, PA. American Lutheran Church, prede- L UTHERAN HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF THE MID-ATLANTIC P AGE 7 “A Tale of Two Lutherans: The Question of Slavery” A Compelling Story By Sue Hill The Spring Program of the Lutheran Historical So- cian, believed that the Bible supported “polygenism,” ciety of the Mid-Atlantic was held at the Lutheran the divisive theory proclaiming different original line- Theological Seminary at Gettysburg on Tuesday, April ages for blacks and whites. Daniel Alexander Payne 17th. Dr. Richard M. Chapman, associate Professor of (1811-1893), believed blacks could learn and benefit History at Concordia College, Moorhead, Minnesota, from education. William Passavant (1821-1894) spoke presented “A Tale of Two Lutherans: The Question of out in favor of peace and well- Slavery.” The society’s Civil War topic commemorates ness for all of God’s people. the opening of the 150th anniversary year of the conflict. The American Colonization So- ciety (established 1816) pro- The two Lutherans in question are Samuel Simon moted and financed the return of Schmucker (1799-1873) and John Bachman (1790- freed slaves to Africa. The Nat 1874), both leaders in the Lutheran church at the time Turner slave rebellion (1831) of the Civil War. Oddly, Schmucker, later labeled “a resulted in restrictions in educa- moderate abolitionist,” had been born in the South tion, free assembly, and civil Richard M. Chapman (Hagerstown, MD), and married a daughter of Virginia rights for black men. The Fugitive Slave Act (1850) slave owners. Mary Catherine Schmucker brought mandated the return of runaway slaves to their masters. along a female slave when she and Samuel moved north Frederick Douglass (1818-1895), escaped slave and to Princeton, New Jersey, and later to Gettysburg, Penn- social reformer, articulated the evils of slavery. Journal- sylvania. Theologically, Schmucker believed blacks ist William Lloyd Garrison (1805-1879) promoted radi- were part of God’s creation, and he called slavery cal abolitionism, as did the Lutheran Frankean Synod. “sinful.” In 1863, Confederates ransacked the Theory, religion, rhetoric, rebellion, and political activ- Schmucker family home at the Lutheran Seminary in ism characterized conversations for and against slavery Gettysburg during the battle. in nineteenth century America. John Bachman, on the other hand, was born in Chapman concluded that the Lutheran response to Rhinebeck, New York, and moved south for health rea- the question of slavery created an unfulfilled watershed sons during early adulthood. Bachman, whose parents moment in the church’s history. He believes Lutheran were northern slave owners, married Harriet Martin of leadership “missed an opportunity” to ordain blacks Charleston, South Carolina, and eventually became a even as prominent Lutherans like Schmucker and Bach- slave owner himself. He was pastor of St. John’s Lu- man were called to refine their theological and moral theran Church in Charleston for nearly sixty years viewpoints in the crucible of a war that literally invaded where he reached out to blacks with the gospel mes- their doorsteps. sage. Also a scientist, Bachman argued that blacks and whites were part of the same species. Nevertheless, Implicit in Chapman’s remarks is the question of Bachman believed blacks were intellectually inferior to the church’s leadership role in the face of “slavery” in whites and incapable of governing themselves. He fa- the 21st century. Chapman suggests we learn from the vored secession at the outbreak of the Civil War, and experiences of Schmucker and Bachman and to take an was forced to flee Charleston in early 1865. Sadly, informed, faithful stand for good today. He challenges Bachman’s papers were destroyed during the Union both Lutheran leadership and the church’s constituency occupation. to re-evaluate Lutheran social justice standards and ac- tions over and against its and Lu- Chapman used Bachman’s and Schmucker’s stories theran social history. Indeed, we might ask ourselves to illustrate the complexity of the slavery question. what tales future generations might tell of Lutheran Influenced by personal circumstances, both men were women and men who daily encounter the oppressed also subjected to contrasting contemporary voices about upon our virtual and/or literal doorsteps. slavery. Josiah Knott (1804-1873), a southern physi- LHSMA NEWSLETTER

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and sharing the history of V OLUME 23, NUMBER 2 Lutherans and in the Mid-Atlantic and surrounding areas.” Lutheran Historical Society of the Mid-Atlantic MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION We’re on the Web! www.lhsmidatlantic.com Name: ______Address: ______Phone: ______Email: ______Lutheran Historical Society of the Congregation (if applicable): ______Mid-Atlantic Newsletter ______ISSN 1049-6424 The Lutheran Historical Society I desire membership in LHSMA as a: ______New Member or, as a: ______Renewal. of the Mid-Atlantic, in the interest of the preservation and cultivation of ______$ 250 Life Membership Lutheran history in Central and ______$ 20 Regular Membership (renewable annually by March 31) Western Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware, West Virginia, and the ______I wish to give a Special Gift. Please send me more information on Metropolitan Washington, D.C. area the Special Gift Program of the society. issues this newsletter two to three times a year. I am interested in: Notes of announcements, pro- ______Research jects, historical celebrations, genea- ______Reading logical concerns, notes of church or Synodical activities, and notes from ______Publishing other historical societies are solic- ______Other: ______ited. Address corrections are helpful. Please complete this form and your check made payable to LHSMA and mail to: Send replies via email to: Stephen Herr Lee Knepp, LHSMA [email protected] PO Box 76 Subject: LHS Newsletter McClure, PA 17841 Summer 2012