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Journal of Animal Law Received Generous Support from the Animal Legal Defense Fund and the Michigan State University College of Law
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL LAW Michigan State University College of Law APRIL 2009 Volume V J O U R N A L O F A N I M A L L A W Vol. V 2009 EDITORIAL BOARD 2008-2009 Editor-in-Chief ANN A BA UMGR A S Managing Editor JENNIFER BUNKER Articles Editor RA CHEL KRISTOL Executive Editor BRITT A NY PEET Notes & Comments Editor JA NE LI Business Editor MEREDITH SH A R P Associate Editors Tabb Y MCLA IN AKISH A TOWNSEND KA TE KUNK A MA RI A GL A NCY ERIC A ARMSTRONG Faculty Advisor DA VID FA VRE J O U R N A L O F A N I M A L L A W Vol. V 2009 Pee R RE VI E W COMMITT ee 2008-2009 TA IMIE L. BRY A NT DA VID CA SSUTO DA VID FA VRE , CH A IR RE B ECC A J. HUSS PETER SA NKOFF STEVEN M. WISE The Journal of Animal Law received generous support from the Animal Legal Defense Fund and the Michigan State University College of Law. Without their generous support, the Journal would not have been able to publish and host its second speaker series. The Journal also is funded by subscription revenues. Subscription requests and article submissions may be sent to: Professor Favre, Journal of Animal Law, Michigan State University College of Law, 368 Law College Building, East Lansing MI 48824. The Journal of Animal Law is published annually by law students at ABA accredited law schools. Membership is open to any law student attending an ABA accredited law college. -
Year in Review
2012YEAR IN REVIEW THANK YOU Dear Friends, grassroots outreach events, humane education workshops, and compelling advertising 2012 was truly a groundbreaking year at campaigns, MFA is inspiring a new Mercy For Animals. In the last 12 months generation to explore a vegan lifestyle. we have opened the hearts and minds of tens of millions of Americans to the plight of Our efforts are having an impact—exposing animals who suffer behind the closed doors of cruelty and motivating change. As public our nation’s factory farms, livestock auctions, awareness continues to grow regarding and slaughterhouses. Our undercover factory farming, the demand for meat is finally investigations have cast a bright light on on the decline, meaning that hundreds of abusive practices, and our legal advocacy millions of animals will be spared the horrors efforts have led to arrests, prosecutions, and of industrial animal agriculture. historic convictions of animal abusers. This hard-fought progress has been made Our brand new corporate outreach possible because of you—MFA’s cherished department is giving animals a much- members. Every day I am grateful to each needed voice in the boardrooms of some of you for your generous and unwavering of the country’s largest and most powerful support. Together we are truly building a companies. In the past year, MFA has kinder future for all creatures. Thank you for pressured major corporations—including paving the way. Costco, Kmart, and Kraft Foods—to implement new policies that will reduce the With gratitude, suffering of millions of pigs and cows. MFA’s educational outreach campaigns are helping consumers from coast to coast see farmed animals in a new light. -
All Creation Groans: the Lives of Factory Farm Animals in the United States
InSight: RIVIER ACADEMIC JOURNAL, VOLUME 13, NUMBER 1, SPRING 2017 “ALL CREATION GROANS”: The Lives of Factory Farm Animals in the United States Sr. Lucille C. Thibodeau, pm, Ph.D.* Writer-in-Residence, Department of English, Rivier University Today, more animals suffer at human hands than at any other time in history. It is therefore not surprising that an intense and controversial debate is taking place over the status of the 60+ billion animals raised and slaughtered for food worldwide every year. To keep up with the high demand for meat, industrialized nations employ modern processes generally referred to as “factory farming.” This article focuses on factory farming in the United States because the United States inaugurated this approach to farming, because factory farming is more highly sophisticated here than elsewhere, and because the government agency overseeing it, the Department of Agriculture (USDA), publishes abundant readily available statistics that reveal the astonishing scale of factory farming in this country.1 The debate over factory farming is often “complicated and contentious,”2 with the deepest point of contention arising over the nature, degree, and duration of suffering food animals undergo. “In their numbers and in the duration and depth of the cruelty inflicted upon them,” writes Allan Kornberg, M.D., former Executive Director of Farm Sanctuary in a 2012 Farm Sanctuary brochure, “factory-farm animals are the most widely abused and most suffering of all creatures on our planet.” Raising the specter of animal suffering inevitably raises the question of animal consciousness and sentience. Jeremy Bentham, the 18th-century founder of utilitarianism, focused on sentience as the source of animals’ entitlement to equal consideration of interests. -
Against 'Effective Altruism'
Against ‘Effective Altruism’ Alice Crary Effective Altruism (EA) is a programme for rationalising for the most part adopt the attitude that they have no charitable giving, positioning individuals to do the ‘most serious critics and that sceptics ought to be content with good’ per expenditure of money or time. It was first for- their ongoing attempts to fine-tune their practice. mulated – by two Oxford philosophers just over a decade It is a posture belied by the existence of formidable ago–as an application of the moral theory consequential- critical resources both inside and outside the philosoph- ism, and from the outset one of its distinctions within ical tradition in which EA originates. In light of the undis- the philanthropic world was expansion of the class of puted impact of EA, and its success in attracting idealistic charity-recipients to include non-human animals. EA young people, it is important to forcefully make the case has been the target of a fair bit of grumbling, and even that it owes its success primarily not to the – question- some mockery, from activists and critics on the left, who able – value of its moral theory but to its compatibility associate consequentialism with depoliticising tenden- with political and economic institutions responsible for cies of welfarism. But EA has mostly gotten a pass, with some of the very harms it addresses. The sincere ded- many detractors concluding that, however misguided, its ication of many individual adherents notwithstanding, efforts to get bankers, tech entrepreneurs and the like to reflection on EA reveals a straightforward example of give away their money cost-effectively does no serious moral corruption. -
Q3 Beauty Report: a Deeper Look at Influencer Communities Contents
Q3 Beauty Report: A Deeper Look at Influencer Communities Contents 04 Part 1: Exploring Influencer Communities 07 Part 2: Top 10 Brands 08 Cosmetics 12 Skincare 16 Haircare 20 Part 3: Spotlights 20 Makeup to ‘Ride or Die’ for 25 MAC 27 Makeup Geek 29 Glamglow 30 Rising Star: Derma E 2 Part 1: Exploring Influencer Communities Introduction Digital content creators—individuals who post, snap, tag, and share much of their lives with followers—are driving conversation and conversion for Beauty brands. But, no one woman (or man) stands alone. Long-term growth is fueled by a diverse network of content creators that make up a brand’s ambassador community. At Tribe Dynamics, we help brands build, scale and measure the Earned Media Value (EMV) of these conversations, quantifying the estimated value of digital word of mouth and its respective engagement levels. The following pages take a deeper look at the unique characteristics of ambassador communities across top-performing Cosmetics, Skincare and Haircare brands to better understand what drives success. We hope you enjoy our insights. Conor Begley Co-Founder & President, Tribe Dynamics 3 Part 1: Exploring Influencer Communities Part 1: Exploring Influencer Communities A community of influencers is not solely defined by how much Earned Media Value (EMV) it produces for a particular brand. Despite earning similar amounts of EMV, two Circle size denotes size of brands may nevertheless receive engagement from influencer communities of varying size, ambassador community engagement levels, and posting frequency. Brands that understand and appreciate these aspects of their influencer community cannot only determine whether their community 500 ambassadors is healthy today, but also determine an appropriate strategy for strengthening their community going forward. -
Messages to Overcome Naturalness Concerns in Clean Meat Acceptance: Primary Findings
Messages to Overcome Naturalness Concerns in Clean Meat Acceptance: Primary Findings July 2018 Authors: Jo Anderson & Chris Bryant Research team: Jo Anderson (Faunalytics), Chris Bryant (University of Bath), Kathryn Asher (Animal Charity Evaluators; formerly Faunalytics), Che Green (Faunalytics), Kris Gasteratos (Cellular Agriculture Society), Bruce Friedrich (The Good Food Institute), Jeff Rotman (Deakin University), Jamie Macfarlane (The Good Food Institute). Funding: We gratefully acknowledge Animal Charity Evaluators and the Animal Advocacy Research Fund for their assistance in funding this project. Introduction Studies of clean meat (also called Contents cultured meat, in vitro meat, etc.) to date Key Findings (page 3) have found that consumers’ willingness to eat it is uncertain (Pew Research, Methodology (page 4) 2014; Slade, 2018; Surveygoo, 2018; Terminology The Grocer, 2017; Wilks & Phillips, 2017; Sample & Procedure YouGov, 2013). Results (page 6) Did Participants Believe the Messages? One of consumers’ primary concerns Perceived Unnaturalness of Clean Meat about clean meat is its alleged Perceived Unnaturalness of Conventional Meat unnaturalness. This is a theme that has Perceived Importance of Meat Naturalness been seen in many qualitative studies Willingness to Pay (WTP) for Clean Meat (Laestadius, 2015; Verbeke, Marcu, et Behavioral Intentions al., 2015) and cited as one of the most Beliefs about Clean Meat common reasons for rejecting clean meat Attitude in surveys (The Grocer, 2017). Indeed, Affect Siegrist and Sütterlin (2017) have Overall Pattern of Results: Supplementary demonstrated that the perceived Analysis unnaturalness of clean meat explains a Conclusions (page 16) great deal of consumers’ safety Experimental Messages concerns. Further, Siegrist, Sütterlin, and Implications Hartmann (2018) show that this Limitations perception evokes disgust and likely Future Directions causes rejection of clean meat in References (page 19) practice. -
Bite Into a Healthy Lifestyle 2016 March Madness Nutrition Challenge Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday
Bite into a Healthy Lifestyle 2016 March Madness Nutrition Challenge Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 1 2 3 4 5 Complete at least 25 of the 31 activities. Put Know your numbers! Download a nutrition Check the sodium and Healthy eating and Try something new! Go a check mark in the heart of each day you Make an appointment tracking app to help fat content of your portion control. to the fresh produce complete. to get a full check-up you learn more about favorite packaged food. WebMD shares sound section of your grocery healthy eating. Need Write it down here: health tips on portion store, look for a new with your doctor. Find some help? Click here. Sodium: ____ Fat: ____ control: click here. fruit or vegetable to try. out about your health. 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Ode to Oils! Make your Meatless Monday! Find Baked is better! Steer clear of the salt! Eat a healthier version Fruit meet Water! Take In the mood for pizza? favorite recipes using a a dish that you like and What is your favorite Commit to not cooking of dessert! Instead of your favorite fruits, Eat a healthier pizza. Try heart healthy oil instead make it meatless. Need fried food? Choose to with or adding salt to milk chocolate, try dark chop it up and add it to thin crust and add more of shortening, butter, or ideas? Try meatless make it baked or grilled your favorite foods chocolate or frozen your water. Drink at veggies. Avoid adding margarine this week. -
Cultivated Meat
2019 State of the Industry Report Cultivated Meat Photo credit: Memphis Meats Contents Section 1: Introduction 3 Box 1: What Is Cultivated Meat? 4 Section 2: Companies 6 Overview 6 Table 1: Current Competitive Landscape for Cultivated Meat Industry 7 Global Perspective 11 Figure 1: Geographic Distribution of Cultivated Meat Companies 11 Product Focus: A Growing Field but Still Plenty of White Space 12 Companies Embrace Opportunities in the Cultivated Meat Value Chain 12 Box 2: Example Value-Chain Entry Points 14 Looking Ahead 15 Section 3: Investments 16 Overview 16 Figure 2: Cultivated Meat Industry Investment Overview (2016–2019) 16 Figure 3: Investments in Cultivated Meat Companies (2016–2019) 17 Deals 18 Investors 19 Figure 4: Cultivated Meat Company Investor Composition (2016–2019) 19 Table 2: Investors in Cultivated Meat Companies 20 Box 3: New Venture Funds Bring Dry Powder into 2020 24 Global Snapshot 25 Figure 5: Top Investing Countries by Number of Unique Investors 25 Box 4: Belgian Consortium Aligns Diverse Partners to Bring 26 Cultivated Foie Gras to Market Looking Ahead 26 State of the Industry Report Cultivated Meat Contents 1 Contents Section 4: Science and Technology 27 Overview 27 Research Highlights 29 Box 5: Technical Opportunities for Seafood Research in 2020 30 Looking Ahead 30 Box 6: Cultivated Milk Is an Emerging Application for Cell 31 Culture Technology Section 5: Regulation 32 Overview 32 Federal Regulation of Cultivated Meat 32 International Regulation of Cultivated Meat 32 State Label Censorship 32 Box 7: AMPS -
PRESENTING 'MAKERS & DESIGNERS' 25+ New Creators of Alternative Fashion, Accessories and Lifestyle Products PLUS + CHECK
11-12TH FEBRUARY 2018 LONDONEDGE.COM BRAND SPOTLIGHTS & NEW LAUNCHES! The Seamstress of Bloomsbury Fearless Illustration Pamela Mann Sourpuss Retrospec’d Kira Don Jewellery STYLE SHOOTS The Heart of Darkness Route 66 The Edit by Kitty Cowell INFLUENCER INSIGHTS Kitty Cowell Stylist, PLUS + Blogger & Model CHECK MATE! Zoe Melissa Mae Model & MUA for Kat Von D Amazing Add-Ons! PRESENTING ‘MAKERS & DESIGNERS’ 25+ New Creators of Alternative Fashion, Accessories and Lifestyle Products WELCOME TO THE 6TH EDITION LOVE UR LOOK LONDON Stand VG19 LONDON EDGE MAGAZINE This season there’s a lot for our buyers to get excited about. Running over two days we’ve got a record number of new exhibitors including the new Maker & Designers group plus a bevvy of Australian brands that have never shown in Europe before. February is your chance to view and buy these We’re looking forward to welcoming you to the show beautiful collections that are new to the European in September. If you don’t have your badge yet, wholesale market. please register online at www.londonedge.com or contact Gemma at [email protected]. By ordering from these small, innovative companies to sit alongside your key staples, you’ll inject This seasons’ magazine gives you a preview of what originality and freshness into your store and your you can look forward to when you visit the show in customers will thank you! Of course all of these February and we very much look forward to seeing brands both new and old will be waiting to see you you then. between 11th & 12th February 2018 at the Business Design Centre, Islington, London. -
Open Philanthropy Project
NYC research event 2016-12-5 Open Phil half GiveWell NYC Research Event, December 5, 2016 – Open Philanthropy Project 06/07/17 Page 1 of 14 NYC research event 2016-12-5 Open Phil half This transcript was compiled by an outside contractor, and GiveWell did not review it in full before publishing, so it is possible that parts of the audio were inaccurately transcribed. If you have questions about any part of this transcript, please review the original audio recording that was posted along with these notes. 0:00:01 Holden Karnofsky: Okay, so yeah, now I'm going to talk about the Open Philanthropy project. Basically the story of the Open Philanthropy project. Elie and I founded GiveWell in 2007 and then in 2011 we met Cari Tuna and Dustin Moskovitz. Dustin is the co-founder of Facebook and Asana and they were asking kind of a similar question to what had made us start GiveWell but very different also. When we started GiveWell we were asking, "Hey, I want to give a few thousand dollars, I have a few hours to think about it. What do I do to do the most good?" 0:00:31 HK: And they were asking more something like, "We are giving away billions of dollars. We have our whole lives to think about this, all the time. What do we do to do the most good?" That is a question we obviously found very interesting and had a similar challenge around it in the sense that if you want to read people arguing about what our public policy should be, what our trade policy should be, there's an infinite amount to read. -
Consumer Power for Animals COVER STORY
A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN ANTI-VIVISECTION SOCIETY 2010 | Number 2 AVmagazine Consumer Power COVER STORY for Animals PRODUCT TESTING: BEGINNING TO AN END? pg 4 2010 Number 2 Consumer Power for Animals 8 FEATURES PRODUCT TESTING: 4Beginning to an End? Where we’ve been. Where we are. Where we’re going. 16 By Crystal Schaeffer 8 The Leaping Bunny Program While other compassionate shopping lists exist, only the Leaping Bunny can assure certified companies are truly cruelty-free. By Vicki Katrinak 12 What’s Cruelty-Free? Reading labels can be difficult, but looking for the Leaping Bunny Logo is easy. By Vicki Katrinak DEPARTMENTS 14 Tom’s of Maine: A Brush Above the Rest Putting ideals into action, Tom’s challenged FDA, and in a precedent-setting decision, 1 First Word was permitted to use a non-animal alternative to test its fluoride toothpaste. Consumers can and do make a difference for animals. 16 Reducing Animal Testing Alternatives development is making great strides, especially in the areas of skin and eye 2 News safety testing. Update on Great Apes; Congress Acts to By Rodger Curren Crush Cruel Videos; Bias in Animal Studies. 24 AAVS Action 20 Product Testing: The Struggle in Europe Animal testing bans mean progress, but not paradise, in Europe. $30,000 awarded for education alternatives; Humane Student and Educator Awards; and By Michelle Thew Leaping Bunny’s high standards. 22 Laws and Animal Testing 26 Giving PRESIDENT’S REPORT: An interview with Sue Leary points out the influences that For now and into the future, supporting can help—or harm—animals. -
Compassion for Living Creatures in Indian Law Courts
religions Article Compassion for Living Creatures in Indian Law Courts Gilles Tarabout Director of Research (Emeritus), National Centre for Scientific Research, 75016 Paris, France; [email protected] Received: 27 March 2019; Accepted: 10 June 2019; Published: 14 June 2019 Abstract: The Constitution of India through an amendment of 1976 prescribes a Fundamental Duty ‘to have compassion for living creatures’. The use of this notion in actual legal practice, gathered from various judgments, provides a glimpse of the current debates in India that address the relationships between humans and animals. Judgments explicitly mentioning ‘compassion’ cover diverse issues, concerning stray dogs, trespassing cattle, birds in cages, bull races, cart-horses, animal sacrifice, etc. They often juxtapose a discourse on compassion as an emotional and moral attitude, and a discourse about legal rights, essentially the right not to suffer unnecessary pain at the hands of humans (according to formulae that bear the imprint of British utilitarianism). In these judgments, various religious founding figures such as the Buddha, Mahavira, etc., are paid due tribute, perhaps not so much in reference to their religion, but rather as historical icons—on the same footing as Mahatma Gandhi—of an idealized intrinsic Indian compassion. Keywords: India; animal welfare; compassion; Buddhism; court cases In 1976, the 42nd Amendment to the Constitution of India introduced a new section detailing various Fundamental Duties1 that citizens were to observe. One of these duties is ‘to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wild life, and to have compassion for living creatures’ (Constitution of India, Part IV-A, Art.