Jazz vocal sound: A timbre knowledgebase for research and practice Daniela Prem, Centre of Systematic Musicology, University of Graz Richard Parncutt, Centre of Systematic Musicology, University of Graz Annette Giesriegl, Department of Jazz, University of Music and Performing Arts Graz Hubert Johannes Stiegler, Centre of Information Modelling, University of Graz
[email protected], +43 664 395 1793 ((no landline??)) Date of submission: 1.4.2011 Desired presentation format: talk Background in psychoacoustics Timbre, the colour or quality of a sound, is differentiated from pitch and loudness. The results of psychoacoustic studies (similarity ratings, multidimensional scaling) have limited practical usefulness. Relatively little research has addressed the large vocabulary of words and phrases used by musicians to describe instrumental and vocal timbre (Bellemare & Traube, 2006; Garnier et al., 2007). Prem and Parncutt (2007; 2008) listed 250 timbre descriptors used by six professional female jazz vocalists during lessons and when describing recordings. Background in jazz research Sound is a holistic term that includes timbre, timing, articulation, musical style, and musical context or accompaniment. Research on jazz sound highlights its central importance for the performance and character of jazz. It is difficult to describe sound directly so we often use metaphors. Jazz singers have a large and colourful vocabulary of words to describe sound, including e.g. Mickey Mouse, sexy, laid back, nasty, focused, and open. There is no clear boundary between timbre and other musical parameters in this vocabulary. Sound in jazz singing also depends on corporality - the human body and the physical environment (Prem and Parncutt, 2008). Jazz singers and teachers use their vocabulary intuitively to achieve interpretive goals; they seem to be unaware of its artistic importance and extent (Prem and Parncutt, 2007).