The American Legion Magazine [Volume 99, No. 2 (August 1975)]

THE AMERICAN 2 O c • AUGUST 1975

LEGIONMAGAZINE

SPOTLIGH

THE SURRENDER ABOARD THE U.S.S. MISSOURI- 30 YEARS AGO

THOSE MAGNIFICENT CLIPPER FLYING BOATS

SHOULD THE HOUSE INTERNAL SECURITY COMMITTEE BE RESTORED ?

JUST OFF THE HIGHWAY ... ST. AUGUSTINE, FLA.

THE AMERICAN

AUGUST 1975 Volume 99, Number 2 LEGION National Commander James M. Wagonseller MAGAZINE AUGUST 1975 CHANGE OF ADDRESS Subscribers, please notify Circulation Dept., P. O. Box 1954, Indianapolis, Ind. 46206 using Form 3578 which is available at your local post office. Attach old address label and give old and new addresses with ZIP Code Table of Contents number and current membership card number. Also, notify your Post Adjutant or other officer charged with such responsibilities.

The American Legion Magazine THE SURRENDER ABOARD THE U.S.S. MISSOURI— Editorial cv Advertising Offices 30 YEARS 1345 Avenue of the Americas AGO 6 New York, New York 10019 BY R. B. PITKIN Publisher, James F. O'Neil An anniversary account of the final act of World War 2—the Editor surrender of Japan, signed in Tokyo Bay, September 2, 1945. Robert B. Pitkin Assistant to Publisher John Andreola Art Editor Walter H. Boll SPOTLIGHT ON INDONESIA 12 Assistant Editor BY THOMAS WEYR James S. Swartz A look at the island republic—suddenly vulnerable to a Associate Editor Roy Miller communist takeover—the biggest, most populous and potentially Production Manager richest "domino" left standing in Southeast Asia. Art Bretzfield Copy Editor Grail S. Hanford Editorial Specialist SHOULD THE HOUSE INTERNAL SECURITY COMMITTEE Irene Christodoulou Circulation Manager BE RESTORED? 18 Dean B. Nelson Two Sides Of A National Question Indianapolis, Ind. pro: Advertising Sales REPf JOHN M. ASHBROOK (R-OHIO) con: REP. BELLA S. ABZUG (D/L-N.Y.) Robert Redden Associates, Inc. P. 0. Box 999 Teaneck, N.J. 07666 201-837-5511 The American Legion THOSE MAGNIFICENT CLIPPER FLYING BOATS 20 Magazine Commission: BY LYNWOOD MARK RHODES Benjamin B. Truskoski, Bristol, Conn. A look at the days when commercial flying was more (Chairman): Milford A. Forrester, Green- luxurious than it has been for 40 years. ville, S.C (Vice Chairman) ; James R. Kel- ley, Radnor, Pa. (National Commander's

Representative) ; Billy Anderson, Miami, Fla.; Lang Armstrong, Spokane, Wash.; Norman Biebel, Belleville, III.; Adolph Bremer, JUST OFF THE HIGHWAY: ST. AUGUSTINE, Winona, Minn.; B. C. Connelly, Hunting- FLA 42 ton, W. Va.; Andrew J. Cooper, Gulf BY HARRIET HEDGECOTH Shores, Ala.; Raymond Fields, Oklahoma Fifth in a series on things to see quickly that aren't City, Ohla.; Chris Hernandez, Savannah, Ga.; far from James V. Kissner, Palatine, III.; Russell H. turnpikes and freeways. Here, on the Atlantic coast in north Laird, Des Moines, Iowa; Henry S. Lemay, Florida, is St. Augustine, the oldest permanent existing Lancaster, Ohio; Loyd McDermott, Benton, European settlement in North Ark.; Morris Meyer. Starkville, Miss.; J. H. America, with its Morris, Baton Rouge, La.; Robert F. Mur- almost-medieval Spanish fort. phy, Chelmsford, Mass.; Frank W. Naylor, Jr., Kansas City, Kans.; Harry H. SchafTer, Pittsburgh, Pa.; George Sinopoli, Fresno, Calif.; Wayne L. Talbert, Delphi, Ind.; Frank C. Love, Syracuse, N.Y. (Consultant), Edward McSweeney, New York, N.Y. (Con- COVER: PHOTO BY JOHN G. PITKIN. The globe is one sold by the National Geographic Society, sultant) .

The American Legion Magazine is owned and published monthly by The American Legion. Copyright 1975 by The American Legion. Second class postage paid at Indianapolis. Departments Ind., 46204 and additional mailing offices. Price: single copy, 20 cents; yearly sub- scription, 52.00. Direct inquiries regarding A LOOK AT OUR MAIL 2 NEWS OF THE AMERICAN LEGION 27 circulation to: Circulation Department, P. O. Box 1951, Indianapolis, Ind. 46206. LIFE IN THE OUTDOORS 4 PERSONAL 44 DATELINE WASHINGTON 17 LEGION SHOPPER Send editorial and advertising material to: 46 The American Legion Magazine, 1345 Avenue VETERANS NEWSLETTER 25 PARTING SHOTS 48 of the Americas, New York, N.Y. 10019.

Manuscripts, artwork, cartoons submitted for consideration will not be returned unless a self-ad- NON-MEMBER SUBSCRIPTIONS dressed, stamped Send name and address, including ZIP envelope is included. This magazine assumes no responsibility for unsolicited material. number, with $2 check or money order to Circulation Dept., P.O. Box 1954, Indianapolis, Ind. 46206.

If undeliverable, please send Form 3379 to: ruail«A3POSTMASiTFR.1tn. Microfilm copies of current and back is- P> o. Box 1954, Indianapolis, Ind. 46206. sues of The American Legion Magazine are available through: University Micro- films, 300 N. Zeeb Rd., Ann Arbor, Mich. 48106.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1975 Believe it or not there are people who retire A LOOK AT and live happily ever after. OUR MAIL

W.F. Cloud, of Norman, Okla., and March 10, 1962, and sailed out again Nola Rigdon, of Crescent, Okla., March 13, 1962," Mr. Wilson states, seized their pens on catching author and the crew should have military Mark Rhodes in a slip at the end of records corrected if they do not now his story on the Oklahoma Land show Vietnam duty. The crew Rush in our June issue. Mr. Rhodes "should also keep this fact in mind innocently said that Old Glory was when applying for various states unfurled from "the capitol dome in bonuses and other forms of veterans Oklahoma City" on Nov. 16, 1907, rights available to them."

A storybook retirement isn't that hard to when Oklahoma became the 46th

achieve, and lots of people have proved it. state. Mr. Cloud and Mr. Rigdon Joseph C. Salak, a contributor to The key is just to start your planning knew that the capital was then Guth- our Parting Shots page, recently do- while you're still on the job. And that's rie, and Mr. Rigdon was actually in nated his fee for a joke we bought where AIM comes in. Guthrie on that day and saw the flag to The American Legion's Freedom AIM is Action for Independent Maturity. unfurled from the steps of the Guth- Bell Fund. "If it wasn't for your A non-profit organization concerned with rie Carnegie Library. Both noted Newsletter in the April 1975 issue," helping you turn the years before retire- didn't writes, "I never ment into one of the happiest times of your that Oklahoma City become he would have known life. the capital until 1910, that the capi- that I was entitled to a WW2 bonus

If you're between 50 and 65, you're eligi- tol building has no dome, and Cloud from Illinois. I moved to Florida 13 ble for an AIM membership. And the added that the capitol wasn't com- years ago. Thank you." The dona- sooner you join, the better. pleted until 1917. This is a good ex- tion was in appreciation. As an AIM member, you get information ample of how, in six words based on that can help you plan your retirement ordinary assumptions, a writer can Robert and Marylee Diamond, di- finances. You can take advantage of AIM's make mistakes that it takes far more rectors of the Liverpool, N.Y., Youth unique travel service, pharmacy service words to correct. Center, write to "salute the officers and group insurance plans. AIM Guidebooks, seminars and and members" of the local Ameri- "Dynamic Maturity," AIM's highly praised Craig Wilson, editor of the Akron, can Legion Post 188, on behalf of bi-monthly magazine will even give you free Ohio, Beacon Journal's "Action the youth center's staff. "This Post help and advice on things like tax breaks, Line," writes to tell us that, with has supported us in many ways, not second careers, second marriages, hob- the help of the Bureau of Naval Per- only with monetary contributions, bies, the best places to retire to-you name sonnel, it has been determined that but also by sending a representative it. the crew members aboard the U.S.S. for our Board of Directors and by One membership in AIM entitles both Tingey (DD-539) in 1962 are classi- allowing us to use their facility. Post husband and wife to all these benefits and fied as Vietnam veterans and are en- 188 lives up to the Legion's longtime publications. Membership dues are only titled to certain benefits. "The concern for youth and youth pro- $3.00 a year and include $1.50 for a sub- VA scription to "Dynamic Maturity." destroyer sailed into Vietnam waters grams." AIM. It's one of the best investments you can make in your future.

Action for Independent Maturity

1909 "K" Street, N.W., Washington, D C. 20049 • (202) 872-4700

If you're 50 or over, p- — start planning your retirement here. 1

I I am interested in planning for retirement NOW!

| I am between 50 and 65 years of age and still employed. j I enclose $3 for one year DFY5

I enclose $8 for three years

Please bill me DO NOT SEND CASH

Name.

Address.

City

State _Zip_

of coins in WW2. The Seabee "made them for My birth date is. Captain's bars made by a Seabee out in Marines," says Lou Babb, of me when I was promoted from first lieutenant the Signature Mtn. Home, Idaho, retired Idaho state adjutant of The American Legion. When he later made major as CO. of a dive bomber squadron he was able to buy his major's J AIM, 1909 "K" Street, N.W., insignia, but when he made captain he couldn't buy his double bars anywhere. "I Washington, • | D.C. 20049 (202) 872-4700 gave the Seabee two half dollars to make the bars, and paid him five bucks. The

I 1 clasps are from my old lieutenant's bars."

2 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1975 J

Take Part InThe Bicentennial

1. WITH YOUR CHECK 4. OR A MEDALLION

As a donation to the display and permanent installation of the Legion's Bicentennial Freedom Bell For all donors of $25 or more.

ell, now touring the nation on the Freedom bolic part of the Legion's national contribution

dal. It is modeled after the Liberty Bell, with- nd more than twice the size—and will ring,

tennial is over, it will remain. Donations are

>r its display during the Bicentennial and for stallation in a bell tower to ring out Freedom-

is hoped.

Please write check payable to AMERICAN LEGION FREE-I DOM BELL. Please use the address on the coupon below. Donations are tax-deductible.

FREEDOM BELL Do not send cash American Legion National Hq. through the mails P.O. Box 1055 Indianapolis, Ind. 46206 Amount enclosed $ 3. AND RECEIVE A BELL Here is my donation to the Freedom Bell. I understand that my name will be entered in the perma-

nent Legion Archives, and that I will receive a decal, medallion or model of the Bell, according to the size of my gift, as announced. NAME (Print so clearly that your name may be entered in the Archives without chance of error.) ADDRESS

Legion Post (number and state)

Auxiliary Unit (number and state) Sons of American Legion Squadron (number and state) A 7'/2 inch desk or home Non-member (Check here if a non-member) display bell for all If more than one donor, attach name, address and Legion unit donors of $100 or more others (or indicate non-member) and state amount of donation to credited to each. LIFE IN THE OUTDOORS a log-cabin tribute to the state's moonshiners. In the doorway stands a statue of the great Indian Chief White Lightning, and inside are real stills and Milestones of History a real ex-moonshiner to tell you how it's done. A hundred years ago in bar- ren parts of Oklahoma, dried cow of Most our country's most fascinat- by Presidents McKinley , Taft and chips (or flops) were burned as fuel. ing Bicentennial landmarks are Teddy Roosevelt, still serves guests. At While collecting them, settlers threw off the beaten paths and super-high- Perryville, Kentucky, shrines com- them into their wagons, sometimes ways and have received little national memorate one of the Civil War's blood- long distances. Now chip-throwing is publicity. Few Americans know, for iest battles in which 6,000 soldiers a sport in Beaver, Oklahoma, with a example, that Maine has 10 colonial were killed in one day. At Loretto, World Championship held every year. forts; one of the most interesting is Kentucky, a tiny distillery still hand- Raleigh, Mississippi, near Jackson, has Fort Popham on the site of an ancient makes its bourbon as it did two centu- revived another old-time sport and Viking village near Bath, which de- ries ago, brand-named Maker's Mark. now holds a National Tobacco Spit an- fended the Kennebec River in four Toolesboro, Iowa is the site of the nually. It's in August. The record dis- wars: the Revolution, War of 1812, first visit of white men to the Missis- tance is almost 26 feet. Civil War and Spanish War. At "Cow sippi's west bank in 1673. From Quin- For complete lists of historic places Cove" in Vaughn Woods on the Salm- ter, Kansas, you can take a three-day of interest such as these, write to each on Falls River near South Berwick, ride across bad country in a vintage state's Department of Tourism at the the first cows in New England were covered wagon, complete with Indian state's capital city. Your request will landed from the ship "The Pied Cow" raids and outlaw gunmen. South of reach the proper office, although it in 1634. Santa Fe, New Mexico is the large might be known by a different name. In Massachusetts, the homestead of ghost town of Madrid (1803); it's for For information on National Park Captain Myles Standish is in Duxbury, sale with houses, church, schools, res- events and Bicentennial celebrations, also his grave and those of John and taurants, even a railroad locomotive. write the National Park Service, De- Priscilla Alden. Fort Phoenix at Fair- Asking price: $1 million. Besides ghost partment of the Interior, Washington, haven was the scene of the first naval towns, the Midwest is dotted with D. C. 20240. battle of the Revolution in 1775. The numerous old forts used to subdue the unusual Benton Mansion in Tolland, Indians. In Texas, Fort (Jefferson) GARDENING is the hobby of 76-year- Connecticut, is celebrated for the Davis, built for protection from the old Mrs. Billie Jacobs Wright of Reids- ghosts of the Hessian soldiers it housed Apaches, actually used imported cam- ville, N.C. She recommends plastic during the Revolution. It was built in els for desert maneuvers. California's forks for identifying new plants. When 1720. Sunnyside (1785) at Tarrytown, contribution is Fort Ross above San they're pushed into the ground handle- N.Y. is the spectacular "cocked hat" Francisco, established in 1812 by Rus- first, name cards can be inserted in the stone mansion of Washington Irving, sia and abandoned 30 years later. Had tines. They're colorful, too. author of "Rip Van Winkle" and the the Russians been better frontiersmen "Legend of Sleepy Hollow." and held on, it might now be one of CARRY some rubber balloons or rub- Virginia is rich in Americana. their missile bases. ber bands in your tackle, suggests Jamestown (1607) was the first perma- Some of our historic landmarks are Dave Enge of Waunakee, Wis. When nent English settlement in the New amusing. Webster, Massachusetts, set- you have to clip a split-shot to your World. Petersburg has an unusual tled in 1713 and named after Daniel monofilament, first put a small piece of crater; it was formed when Union Webster, is located on Lake Char- the balloon or %-inch of rubber band troops exploded four tons of powder gogoggagomanchaugochaubunagunga- in the split. It will keep the shot from under the Confederate lines. The first maug, an Indian name which means, slipping. Rubber from the balloon railroad junction in the world is at "You fish on your side of the lake. I takes up the least space. Branch ville, South Carolina; the RR fish my side. Nobody fishes in the mid- station's fancy dining room, patronized dle." In Dawsonville, Georgia, there's GROUND cooking is a favorite of Mat Bowyer of Fairfax, Va. He digs a hole 2x2 feet, lines it with rocks, keeps a fire burning in it for a couple of hours till the rocks get hot, cleans out the embers, puts in fish, fowl, corn, po- tatoes, then covers with foil, stones Earwax: and earth. Baking time: 2-3 hours. Just like miniature the sneak thief of sound. a clambake. THERE are many carp baits, but 81- Government studies show that hearing problems and age go year-old WW1 vet Francis Tenney of hand in hand. These studies also that show many hearing problems Adrian, W.Va. claims he has one that's are merely due to excessive earwax. Of course, anyone suspecting a dyn-o-mite. He cuts a red sponge into hearing problem should consult a physician to determine the cause. kidney-bean-size strips and soaks them in vanilla. Carp fight over them. One way for earwax to impair hearing is very simple. As we grow older, the fine hairs lining our ear canals grow coarse. Even- AS GOOD and cheaper than felt san- tually, they can prevent earwax that forms daily from getting out. dals for your waders are pieces of This in turn muffles sounds trying to get in. Because the wax builds indoor-outdoor carpet, writes M. E. up so gradually, your hearing can diminish without you realizing it. Salter of Eau Claire, Wis. Cut to shape and glue them on the soles of the wad- The safest, most effective way to remove earwax is by using ers. Guaranteed skidproof. DEBROX® Drops regularly. DEBROX is recommended by thousands of physicians. They know it safely removes wax and can be used daily to prevent buildup. DEBROX costs only pennies a day If you have a helpful idea for this feature and is available at drugstores without a prescription. send it in. If we can use it we'll pay you $5.00. However, we cannot acknowledge, return, or enter into correspondence concern- dcb-1774 Debrox drops ing contributions. Address: Outdoor Editor, The American Legion Magazine, 1345 Ave- nue of the Americas,New York,N.Y.10019.

4 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1975 -

THE OFFICIAL AMERICAN LEGION LIFE INSURANCE PLAN AT A COST THAT MAY SURPRISE YOU!

Since 1958 tens of thousands of Legionnaires and their benefits for $96 a year. To enroll you must be a Legion families have enjoyed the security of extra life insurance Member in good standing, under age 70 and be able to meet protection available through their Official American Legion the underwriting requirements of the Insurance Company. Life Insurance Plan. And the best things about this insurance There's no better way to provide your loved ones with the are that over all these years, the cost for this valuable security they need and deserve than to add to your insurance

protection has not gone up. . .and the protection has gotten estate. For benefits and rates, see the chart below. better! Today benefits last an entire lifetime and eligible Then, fill out and mail the Enrollment Card below along with Legionnaires under age 29 may apply for up to $40,000 in your check or money ortfeMor the coverage you select.

Benefits & Premiums— Annual Renewable Term Insurance (Policy Form GPC-5700-1073) * PRORATED PREMIUMS shown in the chart at left provide protec- Benefit determined by age at death. Maximum coverage under this Plan is limited to 4 Units. tion throughout 1975 and assumes your completed Enrollment Age at death 4 Units 3 Units 2 Units 1 Unit Card is received by the Administrator (and approved) during

Through age 29 $40,000 $30,000 $20,000 $10,000 August with Coverage effective September 1, 1975. If, however, 30-34 24,000 16,000 8,000 32,000 your application is received during September, prorated 35-44 18,000 13,500 9,000 4,500 45-54 8,800 6,600 4,400 2,200 premiums will be $6 per Unit. If your Enrollment is not approved, 55-59 4,800 3,600 2,400 1,200 your money will be refunded. 800 60-64 3,200 2,400 1,600 EFFECTIVE DATE: Insurance becomes effective on the first day of 65-69 2,000 1.500 1,000 500 the month coinciding with or next following the date the 70-74 1,320 990 660 330 mem- 75-over 1.000 750 500 250 ber's enrollment card is received in the office of the Adminis- Prorated Premium* S32 $24 $16 $8 trator, subject to Insurance Company's approval. Insurance may be maintained in force by payment of premiums when due. DEATH BENEFIT: When an insured Legionnaire dies, the beneficiary receives a IF YOU LIVE in FL, IL, N.J., N.Y., N.C., 0., PA., P.R., TX., or lump sum payment once proof of death is received by the Insurance Company. Wl. send for special card. Applications and benefits vary slightly in some areas. EXCLUSIONS: No benefit is payable for death as a result of war or an act of war, if the cause of death occurs while serving, or within six months after termination of MAIL TO: service, in the military, naval or air forces of any country or combination of The American Legion countries. Life Insurance Plan,

INCONTESTABILITY: Your coverage shall be incontestable after it has been in P.O. Box 5609, force during your lifetime for two years from its effective date. Chicago, III. 60680

NOTICE OF DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION ENROLLMENT CARD FOR YEARLY RENEWABLE TERM LIFE INSURANCE FOR MEMBERS OF THE AMERICAN LEGION

Information regarding your Full Name -Birth Date- insurability will be treated as Last First Middle Mo. Day Year confidential except that Occi- Permanent Residence- dental Life Insurance Company Street No. City State Zip of California may make a brief Name of Beneficiary -Relationship. report to the Medical Informa- Example: Print "Helen Louise Jones," Not "Mrs. H. L. Jones" mation Bureau (M.I.B.), a non- profit membership organization Membership Card No. Year Post No State- of life insurance companies I apply for the amount of insurance indicated below, (check appropriate box or boxes). which operates an information 4 Units 3 Units 2 Units 1 Unit Vz Un! exchange on behalf of its members. Upon request by another The following representations shall form a basis for the Insurance Company's approval or rejection of this member insurance company to enrollment: Answer all questions. which you have applied for life or health insurance, or to which 1. Present occupation? Are you now actively working? a claim is submitted, the M.I.B. Yes No If No, give reason- will supply such company with 2. Have you been confined in a hospital within the last year? No Yes If Yes, give date, length the information it may have in of stay and cause its files. 3. During the last five years, have you ever had heart disease, circulatory disease, kidney disease, liver Occidental may also release disease, lung disease, diabetes, or cancer, or have you received treatment or medication for high blood information in file to its re- its pressure or alcoholism? No Yes If yes, give details insurers and to other life insurance companies to which you 1 represent that, to the best of my knowledge, all statements and answers recorded on this enrollment card may apply for life or health in- are true and complete. I agree that this enrollment card shall be a part of any insurance granted upon it surance, or to which a claim is under the policy. I authorize any physician or other person who has attended or examined me, or who may submitted. attend or examine me, to disclose or to testify to any knowledge thus acquired. Upon receipt of a request from Signature of you, the M.I.B. will arrange dis-

Dated , 19 Applicant closure of any information it GMA-300-19 10-70 (Univ.) 875 may have in your file. Medical The American Legion offers this insurance through Occidental Life Insurance Company of California. Home Office: Los Angeles information will only be dis- ACKNOWLEDGMENT AND AUTHORIZATION closed to your attending physi- I have received and read the Notice of Disclosure of Information at left. Further, I authorize any cian. If you question the ac- clinic, other or medically related facility, in- curacy of information in the physician, medical practitioner, hospital, or medical Bureau's file you may seek cor- surance company, the Medical information Bureau or other organization, institution or person having rection in accordance with the any records or knowledge of me or of my health to give Occidental Life Insurance Company of procedures set forth in the Fed- California any such information. eral Fair Credit Reporting Act. A photographic copy of this authorization shall be as valid as the original. The address of the Bureau's in- 19 Signature of Applicant formation office is P.O. Box 105, Dated , Essex Station, Boston, Mass. I apply for additional Legion Life Insurance. My present certificate number is 02112; Phone (617) 426-3660.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1975 5 By R. B. PITKIN

This Labor Day, the MacArthur Memorial Foundation in Norfolk, Va., plans an extensive observance there of the 30th anniversary of the final official act of the Second World War, which was the signing of the Japanese surrender document on board the battleship U.S.S. Missouri in Tokyo Bay on Sunday, Sept. 2, 1945. The Foundation, which lists on its letterhead an impressive array of distinguished people, has been trying to get as many survivors of the events on board the Missouri as possible to take part in the ceremonies. In fact, if any who were aboard the Missouri on that day read these words, and have not been contacted, the Foundation would appreciate hearing from them posthaste, at P.O. Box 1010, Norfolk, Va. 02351. Quite a crowd was on board, including military officers and digni- taries of many nations, the approxi- mately 2,000-man crew of the Missouri, and nearly 200 war correspondents from all over the world. The Missouri was not only one of our latest battleships in 1945, it was also the one named for President Truman's home state, and had been A look back at the final act of sponsored by his daughter Margaret. The ship was then acting as the U.S. Third Fleet flagship of Admiral Wil- World War Two, when the surrender liam F. Halsey, Jr. The remarks in the deck log of the Missouri for Sept. 1945, de- 2, signed in Tokyo Bay, Sept. 2, 1945. scribe what happened in probably was fewer words than it has been described since. Lt.(jg) J.H. Hofman, USN, had the mid-to-four watch (midnight to 4 a.m.). His log remarks note that WIDE WORLD the Missouri was "anchored at berth F71, Tokyo Bay, in 10 fathoms of Taylor cast off. 0750, exercised crew was the destroyer U.S.S. Lansdowne. water [60 feet], mud bottom, with at quarters for surrender cere- "At 0902, with the following pres- 50 fathoms of chain [300 feet] to the monies." sent, the ceremony commenced and starboard anchor," and "condition of At 8 a.m. Lt. Cmdr. J.L. Starnes, the Instrument of Surrender was readiness III is set" aboard the Mis- Jr., USNR, took over the watch. At presented to all parties. ..." souri. Hofman's remarks note that 8:03, say his remarks, the U.S.S. Starnes here listed 50 official rep- Admiral Chester W. Nimitz, the Buchanan (Destroyer 484) came resentatives of ten nations—The American Commander in Chief for alongside with "various general offi- United States, the Republic of China, the whole Pacific, was then aboard cers of the Army and foreign repre- the United Kingdom, the Soviet the U.S.S. South Dakota, anchored sentatives to witness surrender Union, Australia, Canada, France, nearby. "Various units of the Pacific ceremonies." At 8:05, Admiral New Zealand, the Netherlands and Fleet and the British Fleet are pres- Nimitz came aboard, and his Pacific Japan. ent," Lt.(jg) Hofman's remarks con- Command flag replaced Halsey's This was followed by the names cluded. Third Fleet flag at the mainmast. At of 54 U.S. Naval officers and 33 U.S. Lt.(jg) M. Olson, USN, took over 8:24 the Buchanan departed. At 8:38 Army officers, after which is the for the four-to-eight watch. His re- the U.S.S. Nicholas (Destroyer 449) statement "and various other general marks in the log for the four hours came alongside bearing General of officers." are brief: the Army Douglas MacArthur. His The actual surrender ceremonies "Anchored as before. 0707, U.S.S. personal flag was hoisted alongside are described in Starnes' deck log by Taylor (Destroyer 468) came along- that of Admiral Nimitz. listing tersely the exact time at side to port with Lt.Col. R. Powell At 8:56 "Japanese representatives which 12 signatures were affixed to and about 170 press agents to attend came aboard." For some reason, the document, which was signed in surrender ceremonies of the Japa- Starnes' log remarks do not identify duplicate, one in English for the nese Imperial Forces. 0733, U.S.S. the ship that brought them out. It Allies, one in Japanese for Japan.

6 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1975 —

Starnes' brief account starts with in Norfolk this year on Labor Day these ceremonies because the Army, "0904, Mamoru Shigemitsu, Japanese (Sept. 1), the MacArthur Memorial represented by General MacArthur, Foreign Minister, signed for Ja- Foundation will observe the actual had been the first of our services to ." pan. . . and ends with "0922, Air date. land occupying forces in Japan Vice Marshall Isitt signed for New Three minutes after Isitt signed sometime previously. As an act of Zealand." for New Zealand, Starnes noted: courtesy and tact, the General there- It was 1,365 days and nearly a "0925, ceremony completed." In a fore left the site selection for the million American casualties since few lines he then remarked the de- formal surrender to his Naval coun- Pearl Harbor. It was six years to parture of all the Missouri's guests terpart, Admiral Nimitz. Nimitz the day since Hitler had started WW2 on the craft that had brought them, naturally decided to hold it aboard by marching into Poland on Sept. 1, and concluded by noting that when ship, and he could hardly have failed 1939, and it was 98 days since Ger- Nimitz' flag appeared on the main- to have selected the ship named for many had surrendered. It took just mast of the South Dakota,, Halsey's the President's home state, it being 18 minutes to sign. Third Fleet flag was raised again on present and as adequate as any float- The date was still Sept. 1 from the Missouri. The party was over. ing facilities except the flight deck eastern Europe westward. At 9 a.m. At 10:52 the crew was secured of a large carrier. Sept. 2 on the Missouri it was 11 p.m. from quarters and the ship's log of The late Boyd B. Stutler, of West Sept. 1 (standard time) in London, the surrender was complete except Virginia, who was later Managing 6 p.m. in New York, 3 p.m. in San for a listing of the correspondents Editor of The American Legion Francisco. But V-J Day (end of who'd been aboard. It turned out Magazine, represented this magazine WW2) has been observed here ever that there were 194 of them instead on the Missouri as a war correspon- since according to the date in Japan of deck officer Olson's rough estimate dent. —or one day late. However, in hold- in the log of 170. "Setting the stage on the Mis- ing the 30th Anniversary ceremonies The Missouri had been chosen for souri," he said "was not unlike the

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1975 J WIDE WORLD WIDE WORLD

Reporters approaching the Missouri Military and press observers occupy every possible aboard the destroyer U.S.S. Taylor. point of vantage while waiting for the ceremonies.

CONTINUED aboard the Missouri from the Taylor The Surrender Aboard The U.S.S. Missouri—30 Years Ago. he was "checked and given an ordinary printed shipping tag designat- preparations for a gigantic pageant." men. Though this necessitated put- ing his place on the ship. Even the Days earlier, "picked men, some 300 ting some guns out of action, another Japanese papers had received per- or more, held rehearsals in the best shock followed when the mighty No. mission to send a limited number of Hollywood tradition. Men were se- 2 turret was trained out at 45 degrees their crack newswriters, and they lected to stand in for Generals and to form a sort of grandstand." were on board under Marine guard. Admirals, and were received on Stutler here was reflecting what "Some few of the American cor- board with flag-rank dignity, with turned out to be the unfounded—but respondents tried to better their sideboys and a full Marine guard of then very real—fear that it could be positions, but were quickly put back 90 men, and to ruffles and flourishes dangerous to make the ship helpless. in place. The Russians, however, had from the band. Another squad was "There was still some fear," he said, their own ideas and would not stay selected to play the Japanese part, "of one-man torpedoes and suicide put—protesting to their national rep- without honors—but they did it un- swimmers." resentatives against being assigned willingly. It was a cool, partly cloudy morn- fixed positions. They wanted to run "The Veranda deck was designated ing and "even before dawn there was wild, and did. The boorish behavior as the place for the actual ceremony stirring in Yokohama, where all land of this group was the only untoward

. . . and because of its limited space, groups were quartered. Navy vessels incident." complications arose. Lumber was had been assigned to transport the Stutler said that he "drew a posi- found to build platforms over the various contingents to the Missouri tion in a small gun turret almost

40-millimeter guns to add to the on a fixed schedule. . . . Late sleepers directly over the position taken by standing room and to be used as a missed their ships." General MacArthur and his official special vantage point for camera As each correspondent clambered staff, within easy earshot, and I did

8 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1975 — a

Dec. 7, 1941 [the day of the Pearl Harbor raid] and which later was flown at historic occasions at Rome and at the Potsdam Conference." There were 11 people with the official Japanese party, of whom only the two signers were important. "Sad-faced and sorrowful," said Stutler, "they clumped up the gang-

way . . . three clad in formal morn- ing clothes and silk hats, seven in uniform without sidearms, and one man in white linen and bareheaded. Lame Foreign Minister [Mamoru] Shigemitsu had difficulty in negotiat-

ing the ladder . . . but somehow he made it without assistance." No honors were accorded the Japanese party, said Stutler, as they "arranged themselves in squad formation about 20 feet in front of the peace table. To this correspondent, the melancholy Japanese resembled nothing so much as the mourners at a funeral just about to take a last look at the departed. "With clock-like precision, at exactly nine o'clock General MacArthur stepped out of Admiral Halsey's cabin and walked to the table, facing the Japanese—and at almost that moment the bright sun broke from behind the clouds. Clearly he spoke from a prepared statement. " 'We are gathered here to con- clude a solemn agreement whereby peace may be restored,' he began. Tt is my earnest hope and indeed the hope of all mankind that from this solemn occasion a better world shall emerge out of the blood and carnage of the past—a world founded upon faith and understanding-— world dedicated to the dignity of man and the fulfillment of his most cherished wish for freedom, tolerance and justice. I now invite the repre- not need the loudspeaker system to Admiral Halsey's cabin . . . his dress sentatives of the Emperor of Japan hear every word that was spoken. was a plain, suntan uniform, shirt and the Japanese Government and "In front of the General was the open at the throat. He wore the the Japanese Imperial General Head- peace table—an old mess table battered old cap that had become his quarters to sign the instrument of brought up from the crew's quarters, trademark to thousands of GIs who surrender at the places indicated.' scarred and worn from long use, but had followed his leadership on the "Foreign Minister Shigemitsu its age and imperfections hidden by long trek from Australia up to this limped forward at exactly 9:04, a green cloth cover. On this table moment on the deck of the Mis- shuffled the papers, consulted a memo rested the two copies of the Articles souri. . . . He wore no ribbons, medals drawn from his pocket, then signed of Surrender, one in English, one in or other decorations. . . . both documents—affixing his name Japanese." "The stage setting was simplicity in English to the English language This document had been shown in itself. Aside from the covered mess copy." rough form to a group of Japanese table and two chairs, there was a Shigemitsu was described by many emissaries who had flown to Manila case containing the first American eyewitnesses as a cold fish that day, to meet with General MacArthur on flag ever to fly over Japanese soil though Stutler only noted that he Aug. 19 to discuss occupation and that one raised by Commodore Mat- looked sad. The truth is that, painful surrender details. The two final thew C. Perry on the occasion of as it was to sign his country's sur- copies had been prepared in Wash- his visit on July 14, 1853. The flag render, he had been chosen by the ington and flown out to Tokyo. was backward in its case, but there Emperor to be Foreign Minister of When MacArthur came aboard, was no time for rearrangement and the hastily formed new Japanese said Stutler, "he looked tired and it was displayed just as it was. peace government because he had worn, lean-faced and bronzed, but "Over head, flying as the ship's worked as hard as he dared for his step was firm and his carriage colors, was the flag that had flown peace, and had always been a friend confident as he crossed the deck to over the Capitol at Washington on of the United States and Britain,

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1975 9 THE SIGNING. CAPTIONS ARE FROM NATIONAL ARCHIVES

"0904, Mamoru Shigemitsu, Japanese "0906, General Yoshijiro Umezo, Chief "0908, General of the Army Douglas

Foreign Minister, signed for Japan. . . . of Staff, Japanese Army Headquarters, MacArthur, the Supreme Commander for

signed for Japan. . . . the Allied Powers, signed for all nations.

"0916, Lt. General Kuzma Nikolaevish "0917, General Sir Thomas Blarney "0918, Colonel L. Moore Cosgrave signed Derevyanko signed for the United Soviet signed for Australia. ... for Canada. ...

Socialist Republic. . . .

CONTINUED Lawrence Spivak's radio version of The Surrender Aboard The U.S.S. Missouri—30 Years Ago. Meet the Press. Sherrod directed Pineau's question to Joseph B. Kee- while he had eyed Russia with open cans with personal knowledge of him. nan, who had been chief counsel for hostility. He was also in physical In 1949, he was visited in prison by the prosecution at the Japanese war torment. He had lost a leg to an as- Lt. Roger Pineau, USNR, a graduate crimes trials. "Why is Shigemitsu sassin's bomb years earlier and he of the Navy's WW2 Japanese lan- in prison?" Sherrod asked Keenan. wore in public an artificial leg, a guage school. Pineau found Shige- The surprising answer by Keenan gift of the Empress, which pained mitsu to be kind, intelligent, coopera- was that he didn't think Shigemitsu him. In private he used crutches. tive, tolerant, courteous and witty. should even have been tried much When he came forward to sign, he Pineau, today a Navy Captain and less sentenced—but that the Russians courteously removed his silk hat. director of the U.S. Navy Memorial had demanded it. But when some onlookers who knew Museum in Washington, D.C., was Partly as a result of this broad- nothing about him personally viewed then researching the Japanese side cast, as well as of other protests by him with ill-concealed contempt as of WW2 for Samuel Eliot Morison's knowledgeable Americans, Shige- the chief Japanese signer, he finally U.S. naval history of that war. mitsu was released a few months put his hat back on and adopted a Pineau could not understand why later. He soon became Japan's cold mask. Shigemitsu was in prison. No war Foreign Minister again. The next Shigemitsu was sentenced to seven crime could be attributed to him. time he appeared in the United years in Sugamo prison in the war Later in the year, Pineau had an States, the red carpet was out for crimes trials that followed, which opportunity to plant a question with his plane as it landed in Washington. shocked the relatively few Ameri- Bob Sherrod, of Time Magazine, on When Pineau, who was back in the

10 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1975 THE DECK LOG OF THE MISSOURI. (Including some misspellings.) ALL PHOTOS COURTESY OF WIDE WORLD UNLESS OTHERWISE CREDITED

"0912, Fleet Admiral C. W. Nimitz signed "0913, General Hsu Yung-Chang signed "0914, Admiral Sir Bruce Fraser signed

for the United States. ... for China. ... for the United Kingdom. . . .

"0920, General LeClerc signed for "0921, Admiral Helfrich signed for the "0922, Air Vice Marshall Isitt signed for

France. . . . Netherlands. . . . New Zealand. . . . 0925, ceremony completed."

crowd, shouted a greeting in Japa- The second person to sign the Instrument, until the Emperor per- nese, the visiting Foreign Minister Instrument of Surrender was Gen- sonally told him to cooperate. He stopped the welcoming ceremonies to eral Yoshijiro Umezu, chief of the came forward frigidly in full military bring Pineau-san forward and put Japanese Army general staff. The dress, signed standing up and backed his arm around him. whole war in the Pacific had been off, his face a stern mask. Some reporters on the Missouri the brainchild of the Japanese Army, One of the Japanese observers, still believed years later that Shige- and the Allies were determined that Toshikazu Kase, of Shigemitsu's mitsu was a cold, baleful person. the head of the Army should sign staff, said later that the experience But under only slightly less painful the Instrument. It was still possible was torture, but that MacArthur's circumstances he had a wit worthy that Army diehards, who had already opening remarks about the "emer- of an American GI. He had vowed tried by force to stop the Japanese gence of a better world out of the not to shave until released from broadcast of the Emperor's surrender blood and carnage" helped transform prison, and when Pineau first saw announcement, might make more the Missouri's decks into "an altar him his beard was down to his trouble. Their boss was jolly well of peace" in his eyes. As a diehard waist, after three years of confine- going to put his name on that paper. soldier, one can imagine Umezu's ment. The head of the prison, who If Shigemitsu had been willing to pain from some of the passages in was as fond of him as Pineau be- accept the unpleasant task of sur- the Instrument. came, said: "Shiggy, why don't you rendering in a war that was not of "We hereby proclaim the uncon- shave?" Pineau says that "Shiggy" his making, Umezu, one of the war- ditional surrender to the Allied leaned soberly on his crutches and makers, was not. He had opposed Powers of the Japanese Imperial with a hint of a twinkle in his eyes the surrender, and threatened to General Headquarters and of all said: "I don't have time." commit suicide rather than sign the (Continued on page lt^)

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1975 \\ —

"APHO PHOTO RESEARCHERS CEORG G ERST EH

A palm oil plantation on Sumatra. Second largest of the Indies, parts of her coast are 40 miles from mainland Asia.

Spotlight On Indonesia

The moment of truth of the "domino theory" draws pushing for sovereignty at sea for at least 200 miles offshore. There is near for the crowded people of the fabulous Indies. no way from the Pacific to the In- dian Ocean without passing much By THOMAS WEYR communists—which was averted in a closer than that to Indonesian terri- bloodbath just a decade ago—would tory, short of going around New The biggest, most populous and be a major disaster for American, Guinea, nearly 4,000 miles east of potentially richest domino left Japanese and free world policy in Singapore. standing in Southeast Asia after the general—far more devastating in its And the communists would inherit fall of Vietnam is an archipelago of global implications than the com- riches that have enticed foreigners 13,500 islands that stretches for munist triumph in Indo-China. The for centuries: tin, oil, spices, rubber, 3,000 miles along the Equator from Philippines could hardly remain free timber, copra, tea, coffee, palm oil, the coast of Malaysia to Australia for very long thereafter. At the very cacao, tapioca, natural gas, copper, the Republic of Indonesia. Not that least, Australia and New Zealand nickel and bauxite (aluminum ore). the island nation of 126 million, would be threatened and hard to de- Also, they would take over the foun- Asia's third most populous after fend, perhaps even be forced to go dations of an embryonic, bumbling China and India, looks like the next neutralist. new industrial potential, which, if it domino. Thailand does. Nor is Indo- Japan's sealanes to the oil wells of should proceed in orderly fashion, nesia as threatened by direct com- the Middle East would be subject to could make Indonesia a rival to munist aggression as, say, South communist whim. Shipping between Japan in the 21st century. That is Korea. But she is as vulnerable as the Pacific and Indian Oceans could especially tempting to a people like they are, and, given her cornucopia be disrupted, since Indonesia's is- the Chinese who tend to think in of natural wealth and strategic im- lands form the straits that link terms of generations and centuries. portance, infinitely more tempting. them. It is equally tempting to the masters A takeover of Indonesia by the Red China is one of the nations of Hanoi, the Indonesians fear.

12 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1975 DYNO LOWENSTEIN

PHILIPPINES

PACIFIC OCEAN

INDIAN OCEAN

The sprawling Republic of Indonesia, which nearly extermi- fall of South Vietnam and the departure of our forces there, nated its rampant communist party in 1965. Now, with the red guerrilla activity is being stepped up in nearby Malaysia.

The modern history of Indonesia was arranging ties between Peking There followed the great bloodbath leads directly into her present posi- and Sukarno which alarmed the In- of 1965 in which the army, abetted tion as a world danger spot. After donesian army and large segments of by mobs, slew most of the commu- centuries of being a rich Dutch the population that had been invisi- nists and their suspected supporters colonial empire, the Indies were ble during the communist-led riots. |in the whole country, and burned swiftly conquered by the Japanese in When the PKI brashly demanded their homes, offices and literature. 1942. They were the prime source its own armed force, Indonesia's Sukarno was kept on as an impotent of oil and many other raw materials army generals exploded. The PKI figurehead for a few years while that were essential to Japan's aims responded by trying to wipe out the mobs now demanded his ouster. He in WW2. army leadership on Oct. 1, 1965. Six died before he could dare a success- When the war was over and the generals as well as the daughter and ful comeback. Meanwhile, the present Japanese departed, the spirit of Indo- aide of the Minister of Defense were President, General Suharto, took over nesian independence took over, and murdered. the reins of government and turned by 1949 the Dutch gave up all fur- RAPHO PHOTO RESEARCHERS BERNARD P. WOLFF ther claims. The rabble-rousing Sukarno, who had led resistance to the Dutch, assumed a personal dic- tatorship as the Father of Inde- pendence, and remained a popular hero of enormous proportions for years. But his ability to run things did not match his popularity. To hold onto political power when his mis- management began to threaten it, he wooed the support of the growing Indonesian Communist Party, the PKI, though he had earlier fought the communists and at one point had many of their top leaders killed. With his support, the PKI grew in influence and power. In the early 1960's, communist-led violence was rampant on Java. British and Ameri- can installations were burned by un- controlled mobs, while vast organized throngs massed to hear anti-Western Jakarta, Indonesia's capital on Java, now one of the world's biggest cities. speeches by Sukarno. Soon, the PKI A great influx of unemployed farmers has led to making it a "closed city."

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1975 13 —

CONTINUED Spotlight On Indonesia

his eyes toward the West and Japan. The great massacre of communists might have been sufficient cause to have excited outright intervention by Red China in 1965, but the timing was wrong. China was then wracked by internal troubles, while United States forces in Vietnam placed a strong Western military presence to the north, as an umbrella shielding Indonesia from any rain of Asian communist intervention. Now the umbrella is gone. Com- munism on the Asian mainland has moved a step closer down the Indo- China peninsula in South Vietnam and Cambodia, and is again stepping up its agitation in Indonesia's nearest neighbor—Malaysia. Guerrillas there are said to be using United In the early 1960's, red-led mobs ran wild in Jakarta. Here they burn the British States arms left in Vietnam. Ambassador's car in support of Sukarno's war with Malaysia. They later burned the An Indonesia free of communist British embassy and sacked American installations, as Sukarno egged them on. threat had a ten year breathing spell TURNABOUT. When the communist PKI tried to murder Indonesia's army leaders in to pull herself together from the 1965, the army, supported by much of the populace, all but exterminated the large shambles inherited from the sequence communist party and its supporters. Below is all that remained of PKI headquarters. of Dutch and Japanese rules and the disaster of Sukarno's regime. Ideally, her prosperity and political stability should be well enough along to make internal communist subversion difficult, and she should be able to form a policy toward North Vietnam and Red China to make her reasonably safe from dangerous external communist inter- ference. But she is so far from having realized any such position that the future of Indonesia is totally uncertain today. The importance to the whole world of her raw materials, and her command of vital sealanes, could make her the seat of the next world conflagration, given the right spark. She is the center of vast Western and Japanese interests that have been encouraged by Suharto for (Batavia under the Dutch), near the thur set up his headquarters above a decade, while she is the apple of western tip of Java. Lake Sentani after leaving Australia the eye of Red Asia. The string of smaller islands east —is 2,325 air miles from Jakarta If Indonesia had no other security of Java are the Lesser Sundas. and closer to 3,000 miles by sea. problems, her geography, and her Between Celebes and New Guinea The principal seat of Indonesia's political, racial, religious and class are the Moluccas, the fabulous Spice government, industry, agriculture diversity would be serious matters, Islands of history. and population is the densely popu- in a sea of enemies, to a far stronger At the last census, more than 112 lated island of Java. The swarm of central government than she has. million people inhabited the Greater other islands offer prime targets for Her geography is really indefensible Sundas, seven million populated the guerrilla movements, aided from the against a strong, determined foe, Lesser Sundas, there were about a outside, to chew away at Indonesia. without outside help. million in the Moluccas and another Even if it couldn't get a ready foot- Indonesia's land masses have been million, many of them primitive hold on Java, a planned "War of divided into three major named is- tribesmen, in mountainous, jungled Liberation" could create distur- land groups, plus western New western New Guinea and her off- bances and petty guerrilla activities Guinea (now West Irian, or Irian shore isles. on such a host of outlying islands Barat—formerly Dutch New Guin- The Moluccas and New Guinea in- that Jakarta could be given more ea). clude several places well known to flies than she could swat. To top that The larger islands—Sumatra, Java, many WW2 veterans, such as Halma- off, Indonesia owns only a part of Borneo and Celebes, with their host hera and Morotai in the Moluccas three of her major islands, Timor, of tiny offshore islets, are the Greater and Biak and Hollandia in New Borneo and New Guinea, so that Sundas. The capital is Jakarta Guinea. Hollandia—where MacAr- though she is an island republic—she

14 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST X975 has international land boundaries on oca, essential oils, bananas, mangoes, panse of more than 1,000 miles. them. Heavily jungled Sumatra, bamboo, soybeans, kapok, peanuts The Moluccas have a fantastic largest of the islands, extends to the and citrus fruits. After WW2, nu- number of plants from which spices, west of the Malay Peninsula on the merous small industries sprang up, gums, oils and medicinal substances Asian mainland, separated from it many of them no larger than local are extracted. When Western traders only by the narrow Malacca Strait, cooperatives using hand labor ex- first saw the island of Banda, it was off of Malaysia and Thailand. Parts clusively. A bare beginning was covered with a nutmeg forest. Pepper of Sumatra are less than 50 miles made on larger industries, such as is abundantly grown. The small but from Asia's mainland, while its rubber processing, textiles, soap fac- important island of Ambon (or Am- western tip is 1,125 miles from tories, paper mills, plywood manu- boina) is noted for its cloves. The Jakarta. facture, ceramics, tile, porcelain and Moluccas were not called the Spice Indonesia shares Borneo with two coconut oil processing. Islands for nothing. Columbus hoped states of Malaysia, against which the The Lesser Sundas, east of Java, they might be part of his discoveries. ambitious Sukarno once started a include Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, As in most of the Southwestern war. She shares New Guinea with Sumba, Flores and Timor. Pacific islands, huge amounts of Australian-run Papua, occupying the The nearly 2y2 million people on coconut are also grown for the soap western end and offshore islands. Bali raise a great variety of tropical and cosmetic factories of the world She has long shared the fairly foods. There is a meat processing and the many other commercial uses large island of Timor—which stands industry there, while Bali does a big of this great tropical crop. It has over Darwin, Australia—with Portu- tourist business. Sumbawa has fabu- replaced considerable spice acreage gal. The new Portuguese government lously rich soil which has not yet along the Molucca seacoasts. There has told Portuguese Timor that it been well-developed. Horses and cat- is petroleum on Ceram. could go free and hold an election tle thrive there. Flores is poorly Throughout many of Indonesia's this year to decide its future rule. endowed with harbors. Maize and co- islands, valuable tropical hardwoods There is conuts a considerable Chinese popu- are the chief products, and are native—sandalwood, teak, etc., lation in Portuguese Timor. Indo- Flores exports coconut products. while Indonesia is one of the lead- nesia would hope that it would vote Sumba has a similar economy. ing world sources of tin. Other re- to join Indonesian Timor, but is The great mountainsides on Lom- sources include lead, coal, topazes, nervous about the election. Indonesia's wealth—much of it undeveloped—is scattered throughout all of her isles. The major Indonesian ports on Borneo range from 465 to 900 watery miles from Jakarta, and are outlets for rice, tobacco, millet, copra, pepper, bauxite, coal, iron (which is scarce in the Indies) and oil—including the fabulous oil of Balikpapan. Borneo is the world's third largest island, after Greenland and New Guinea. Including the Malaysia part and the British pro- tectorate of Brunei, Borneo's population was close to seven million in 1970. Sumatra has more than 19 million people stretched out along its 1,060 An Indonesian mile length, a great deal of which is army military display in 1965. It is hardly up to defending all of the islands, while high mountain and low swampland. the navy and air force are woefully short of being able to. It raises many food crops, plus to- bok are undeveloped, her lowlands diamonds, platinum, copper, anti- bacco and rubber. It has numerous are highly cultivated, while the peo- mony and gold. small industries, such as leather ple are craftsmen in many fields. After the massacre of communists crafts, as well as undeveloped water Rice and coffee abound, while the in 1965, Red China initiated a tiny power and mineral resources. people weave cloth and mats and movement to nibble away at Indo- fashion works in gold, silver and nesia by claiming sovereignty over has been as bountiful to Nature iron. The Lombok Strait is the bor- the Natuna Islands, in the South Java as to any place earth, on der between Asian and Australian China Sea, off of South Vietnam, but while it has a tolerable climate for plant and animal life forms. closer to Borneo. South Vietnam an equatorial land. As a result, it is Timor, which is similar to northern claims them too, though they are crowded with a profusion of humans, Australia in climate, has been little internationally recognized as Indo- plants, animals, fish and reptiles. The developed. It grows maize, rice, cof- nesian. It was only a claim then, but, countryside is one of the most densely fee, coconuts and rubber. For many in 1974, with the American Vietnam populated rural areas on earth, years it has been known to have forces gone, China made air and sea while Jakarta ranks with the world's commercially feasible oil and manga- military demonstrations in the area 15 biggest cities. nese deposits, as yet unexploited. to keep its claim alive. Recently, A mere beginning to the list of This easternmost of the larger of the Indonesia announced oil discoveries Java's products would include rice Lesser Sundas is 1,200 miles from there. We may hear of the unheard- (with enormous irrigated acreage), Jakarta. of Natunas again. maize, sugar, coffee, tea, teakwood, The center of the Moluccas is more The defense of Indonesia's geo- rubber, fish products, coconuts, to- than 1,500 miles from Jakarta, and graphical expanse requires air and bacco, quinine, coal, petroleum, tapi- the chain covers a north-south ex- sea power above all else. But you

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1975 15 of unemployed. Their plight Millions of ricefield workers (above) were displaced when the cities, forming a great army against prosperous Chinese present government of Indonesia introduced modern methods erupted in violence last year, largely and goods were sacked. of rice farming. Swarms of jobless peasants flocked to the and Japanese, whose establishments

CONTINUED tween rich and poor. The first to Java had five million people. It be- the rewards of a budding came tougher when 80 million tried Spotlight On Indonesia receive modernized economy are those who to survive in the same space. can dismiss what stands for her air develop it. Until increased produc- When the Suharto government force and navy as impotent. For tion is satisfying more needs and tried to help by introducing hybrid strategic purposes, they are the same training more skilled workers, the rice and mechanical farming meth- as non-existent. Her only fairly chief beneficiaries of economic ods, surprising things happened. High-yield hybrid rice requires fertil- potent force is her army, most of growth are its planners, managers izer the purchase of seeds which is on Java. and specialists. The growing pros- and new every year. This required cash, and There is nothing unified about her perity of a small rising class of new people. They speak a host of lan- "builders" has thus heightened the more know-how than the average guages and follow many gods. The contrast between them and the un- ricegrower had. The know-how and the fell to official language is Bahasa Indo- skilled. Many of them are the dis- cash "large" landowners nesian. Other principal languages are liked native Chinese businessmen and who had five or six acres or more. Javanese, Sundanese and Madurese. temporary Japanese residents. Gradually, more and more of the rice- land their while Dutch, and pidgin forms of it, also Meanwhile, attempts to improve moved into hands, exist. The main religion is Muslim. agriculture by modern means have the smaller farmers became share- There are also Christians, Buddhists displaced millions of farm workers, croppers, who also borrowed cash to and Hindus, as well as numerous who have swarmed to the cities look- get new seeds and fertilizer. Many followers of pagan religions. Native ing for jobs that aren't there. others became a farm labor force, Indonesians generally dislike the One cannot think in Western terms moving from field to field and no Chinese and Japanese, while native of economic conditions in Indonesia, longer growing their own. Then a Chinese are the backbone of the and farming is a good example. Her cheap, Japanese rice-huller was in- Indonesian business world and Japan teeming millions scrape out a bare troduced, displacing the work of of hands. is by far Indonesia's most important subsistence, for all the richness many foreign trader and investor. The her potentialities—especially on At the same time, a rice-harvesting centuries of Dutch rule prevented the Java, where 70% of all Indonesians religious custom that provided a little rise of a substantial native governing live (only about 50,000 leave the work for many hands went by the and business class. island each year to settle in emptier boards. The native rice had a "soul," Divisions between rich and poor, places like Sumatra, Borneo or which required that millions of which always provide a platform of Celebes). women "sneak up" on the stalks to discontent on which to mount po- Traditionally, Java had a culture cut them individually in a certain litical revolutions, have always been of "shared poverty." The idea was way. If it was a wasteful way to har- extreme in Indonesia. Poverty has simple: as population grew in rural vest, it provided a few pennies of in- characterized the condition of the areas, you made room and work for come for a large number of people. "masses." In its ten year effort to it. The ideal crop was rice, and But the hybrid rice had no "soul" and raise the standard of living and de- people's wants were simple. Older needed no such special, labor-making velop the amazing resources of the peasants "just moved over and gave treatment. It was foreign. The net re- Indies, the Suharto government has the newcomers a foot or two of sult of all this was that the rice-farm- unintentionally widened the gap be- land." It worked fine in 1810, when (Continued on page 35)

16 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1975 Dateline Washington

U.S. AIRCRAFT SELL ABROAD. END OF MANDATORY RETIREMENT?

BANKS TOLD: SHAPE UP SECURITY.

The recent sale of 350 F-16 lightweight bank security. The Federal Reserve says fighter planes to NATO nations Denmark, Nor- that, surprisingly, the principal security way, Holland and Belgium—widely heralded weaknesses include surveillance cameras by our government as "the arms deal of the inadequately installed and maintained to

century, " with a $2.1 billion price tag— is get useful pictures ; "bait (or marked)

only the tip of the iceberg in the sale of money" not provided each teller ; alarm aviation to foreign countries, according to systems that don't work; too much cash in the Washington sources. teller cages, and unguarded valuables. Last year, the aerospace industry sold The FBI reports that in 1974, external overseas some $3.4 billion worth of aircraft crime against federal insured and regulated — everything from Piper Cubs and executive financial institutions involved 2,817 jets to the giant 747s —giving a large help- robbers, 359 burglaries and 309 larcenies, ing hand to our nation* s balance of payments. for a new yearly high of 3,485 offenses. Over the past five years, the United The Fed wants the banks to listen to States has sold $11 bililon in aircraft and security officers and heed their recom- another $7.8 billion in parts and acces- mendations; and to institute better em- sories to foreign buyers, which, in large ployee crime prevention training programs. measure, helped to maintain the aerospace work force in the United States close to a million workers. PEOPLE & QUOTES The F-16 plane sale is expected, according to General Dynamics Corp., to create 65,000 jobs in the United States; and sales could STANDING BY FRIENDS COMPETITIVE EDGE ". run between two and three thousand aircraft "We may be entering a . . this is a competitive new era which will be very world and we must maintain worldwide over the next 20 years. visible in showing America a competitive edge or fall will in the short back among the also-ran • • • has the na- period as well as the long tions." Under Sec'y of Agric, The more than a million Americans who run to stand by its Allies." J. Phil Campbell. are forced to retire each year at age 65 President Ford. over may not have to be put out to pasture BUDGET BLUES or NUCLEAR OBLIGATION if 42 Congressmen have their way about it . "Virtually everything is "We are not neutral in the In following up the Pension Reform Act of under federal control nowa- struggle between freedom days except the federal bud- last year, Illinois Rep. Paul Findley and 41 and tyranny. But we owe our get." Sen. Herman Talmadge, House cosponsors want to amend the age people and mankind an un- Georgia. discrimination law now on the books so that tiring effoi*t to avoid nuclear quit holocaust." Sec'y of State employers cannot force an employee to Henry Kissinger. COMPETITION'S FOE working just because he reaches an "We believe competition arbitrary age. CIA VIEWPOINT works to the disadvantage of On the other side of the Capitol, New "I only ask that we Ameri- the average (telephone) user, and where it does, we are de- York Sen. Jacob Javits is leading the fight, cans protect our Nation's sources in the same ways the termined to fight it." John rfe says: "... I believe that mandatory re- journalist protects his." Wil- DeButts, board chairman, tirement at age 65 can no longer be regarded liam Colby, director, CIA. AT&T. as a sacred cow, and, accordingly, we should begin grappling with the concept of a COLOR IT POLITICS FAITH FACTOR ." "Even if by some miracle "A free society operates flexible retirement age. . . we could get all the fiscalists largely on faith—the faith of • • • and monetarists to concur, one segment that other seg- and other crimes against the ultimate decisions would ments can be trusted to do As robberies be political much more than what they should do and what banks continue to mount , the Federal Re- economic. Walter B. Wriston, is right and proper. Sen. serve System here is cracking down on lax chairman, Citicorp. Robert C. Byrd, W. Va.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1975 17 .

WASHINGTON Opposing Views by Congressmen on The Question . . PRO & CON SHOULD THE HOUSE INTERNAL

On January 14 of this year, the House of Repre- who were involved. sentatives, without a direct, recorded vote on its FBI director Kelley has merits, abolished the House Committee on Internal cited as a principal in- Security and transferred its jurisdiction to the Ju- ternal security problem diciary Committee. On January 15, I introduced H. the "real threat of vio-

Res. 67 to reestablish it. lence by terrorists . . . and In contrast to the House action, an April 1974 the continuing activities public opinion poll by Opinion Research Corpora- of revolutionary activists tion showed Americans by 2-1 favoring retention of and racial extremists." In HCIS over its abolition and transfer of jurisdiction. recent years the Penta- A whopping 89% overwhelmingly supported the gon, the Capitol and the citizen's right to be fully informed of "subversive State Department have Rep. John M. Ashbrook activities. These results indicated once again why been targets of destruc- (R-Ohio) the people's representatives in the House, since tive bombings. New so- 1930, have heavily supported internal security in- phistication in weapons—the possibility of vestigative committees under various titles. homemade nuclear bombs and the reality of Committee probes of Nazi and Fascist activities shoulder-operated antiaircraft missiles—increase in the 30's and 40's, continuing information on Com- tremendously the danger presented by terrorists munist activities in the 50's, investigations of the and revolutionary activists. Ku Klux Klan, Black Panther Party and the Stu- The various functions of the former Committee dents for a Democratic Society in the 60's—all were on Internal Security now reside in the overworked obviously viewed by the American electorate as Judiciary Committee. After 4^ months no subcom- necessary and useful. Similarly, more recent major mittee for internal security work has been estab- investigations covering attempts to subvert the lished, no funds have been appropriated and the Armed Services, revolutionary activities in prisons, few HCIS employees to be retained will be assigned subversive influences in anti-war activities and temporary custodial duties. To me this is a danger- demonstrations indicate the serious and vital ously inadequate disposition of the very vital in- nature of HCIS's mandate. ternal security function. Other recent contributions by the Committee in- The American people have always supported the cluded early information on the Symbionese Liber- important work of the House Committee on Inter- ation Army-Patty Hearst affair which provided nal Security. They have a right to see the Commit- necessary background on this little known group; tee restored. a report on the danger of political kidnappings as an extremist weapon—months before any Ameri- can victims were involved; and extensive hearings and a study on international terrorism discussing those groups and individuals throughout the world

If you wish to let your Congressman or one of your Senators know how you feel on this

18 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1975 SECURITY COMMITTEE BE RESTORED? "NO" At the beginning of ciary Committee jurisdiction over "Communist and the current Congres- other subversive activities," which perpetuates the sional session, the U.S. potential for violation of First Amendment rights. House of Representa- The next Congress should excise this language, thus tives voted by a large removing from Congress the possibility that legisla- majority to eliminate the tive witch hunts could be revived in the future. Committee on Internal No citizen should tolerate the existence of secret Security (formerly the files full of gossip, the accusations of unidentified Committee on UnAmeri- informers and reports on political activities pro- can Activities) as a tected by the Constitution. Yet, HISC maintained standing committee, and 750,000 of these files, allowing private groups and transferred part of the individuals to rummage through them and spread Rep. Bella S. Abzug jurisdiction their contents (D-L—N.Y.) of HISC/ around. Over 20 executive branch HUAC to the Judiciary agencies used to consult these files for employment Committee. and other purposes, even though the House of Rep- Behind this vote was a recognition that during resentatives never voted to open those dossiers to the 30 years it functioned as a standing committee executive branch searches. of Congress, the Internal Security Committee had It is no accident, in my opinion, that the public consistently abused the rights of witnesses called career of the first President to resign because of the before it, produced less legislation than any other exposure of criminal obstruction of justice in the committee of Congress, built up an inflated staff White House began on the UnAmerican Activities and budget and maintained dossiers on 750,000 citi- Committee. The coverups, secrecy and contempt for zens. Committees of Congress are established to law involved in Watergate characterized HUAC/ propose and examine legislation; the Internal Se- HISC during its entire 30-year career and Congress curity Committee operated solely, in the words of a should resist any attempt to breathe new life into succession of chairmen, to "expose" those with the corpse of these committees. whose political views and activities members of the committee disagreed. These attacks, over 30 years, on rights guaranteed and protected by the First Amendment finally persuaded Congress that the committee served no useful function. The record of abuse of due process and the rights of witnesses by the Internal Security Committee, and the waste of funds without any legislative production, convinced most of Congress I members that have read in The American Legion Magazine for Au- legislation dealing with internal security could best gust the arguments in PRO & CON: Should The House be handled by the Judiciary Committee. However, Internal Security Committee Be Restored?

the rules change eliminating HISC gave the Judi- IN MY OPINION THE ANSWER TO THIS QUESTION IS: YES NO

SIGNED _ issue, fill out the "ballot" and mail it to him. ¥ ADDRESS

TOWN STATE.

You can address any Representative c/o U.S. House ot Representatives Wash- ington, O.C. 20515; any Senator c/o U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C. '20510.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE . AUGUST 1975 19 WIDE WORLD Pan Am's China Clipper leaving on a routine flight across the Pacific before there was transatlantic air service. Those Magnificent Clipper Flying Boats

a sardine wedged into a too-small The day of real luxury in airplane travel was so can. Even the jumbo jets haven't long ago that you have to be nearly 50 to recall it. revived the honest-to-god luxury that was. By LYNWOOD MARK RHODES went in style. None of this three- "It has separate decks just like a abreast, elbow-in-your-ribs stuff that ship. And a staircase, a real stair- recently over- was A time, believe it or passes for air comfort today. No case!" a travel writer There teen-ager not, when people actually fell in cramped legs when the seat forward heard a flabbergasted love with airplanes. They didn't just suddenly reclines against the knees exclaim as he stepped off a modern that go from here to there by air, they behind, making a tall man feel like super jet, evidently thinking such

20 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1975 ALL UNCREOITED PHOTOS COURTESY PAN AMERICAN innovations are the fruit of com- puterized progress. Anyone who remembers the glamor days of air travel will understand why the writer hadn't the heart to tell the young man that it was all there some 40 years ago. The great, now-dead days of real luxury flying began on Oct. 21, 1936. The place was Alameda, Calif., across the bay from San Francisco, where one of the first three truly long-range airliners—a Pan American Airways' four-engined Martin M-130 flying boat—floated at the end of a ramp, its motors idling, ready to take a fresh hitch in the world's belt. Its destination was Manila in the Philip- pines, a mind-boggling 8,210 miles away via overnight stops at Hono- lulu, Midway, Wake and Guam. The plane's name was Hawaii Clipper. It was an appropriate choice. The word "clipper" dredged up the ro- Dinner is served in a Martin Clipper Ship flying the Pacific in 1936. mantic aura of the tall-masted ships which had plied the seas a century earlier. It seemed almost poetic that one of the last of the sailing clippers, the Star of New Zealand, rode calmly at anchor nearby. But the hordes of gawking spectators had eyes only for the monstrous seaplane—a great sil- very brute with a hull 90 feet 7 inches long, a wingspan of 130 feet, a cruising speed of 130 mph and space for 32 passengers. Behind a 12xl4-foot lounge-dining room was another cabin that became a sleeping compartment at night with double-decker berths. It was the largest commercial airplane of its day, "a flying miracle" according to its builder, Glenn L. Martin of the Martin Company in Baltimore. For Juan Trippe, president of Pan Am, it was a dream come true. He'd pioneered air routes across the Carib- bean and along both coasts of South America with the Sikorsky S-38 am- phibian and the S-40 flying boat, the first plane ever christened a "Clip- per." With few exceptions, all the company's bases and stops in Latin America were at port cities. There was a worldwide shortage of airports in the thirties, and creating a net- work of seaplane bases was far easier and faster and cheaper than building runways. Besides, forced over-ocean landings were far safer with seaplanes than with landplanes. That seaplanes could land on any large, un- cluttered body of water quickly touched them with the exciting magic of faraway places. Other U.S. airlines flew short hops between Ameri- can cities. Pan Am's big, beautiful flying boats went to Havana, Cristo- bal, Rio de Janeiro and Buenos Aires. They inspired the first romantic

It's time to settle down for a night's snooze on the Honolulu leg. movie of air travel, "Flying Down to

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1975 21 CONTINUED Those Magnificent Clipper Flying Boats

Rio." But when Trippe decided to all directions converged on it as tackle the Pacific in 1932, there though it were a magnet draw- wasn't a commercial airliner avail- ing some iron filings. It was a mag- able, not even a flying boat, to cover nificent sight to behold." The San such vast expanses of ocean. No com- Francisco Chronicle headlined the mercial planes were yet flying the record-shattering event with a car- narrower Atlantic—or any ocean. toon depicting a flying clipper over a Martin solved the problem for Pan 16th century Spanish galleon: "To Am with the M-130. The first one, the Manila six days, To Manila six China Clipper, made the inaugural months." flight over the Alameda-to-Manila The plane was back at Alameda on route on Nov. 22, 1935. Not even an December 6, having completed the adventurous pioneer had yet made a first scheduled transoceanic flight in lone flight across the central Pacific history and the first flight by any to the Philippines. The China Clipper plane across the Central Pacific to or carried mail and Pan Am employees from the Orient—in the breakdown only that day. The Civil Aeronautics round-trip time of 123 hours, 12 min- Pan Am's Juan Trippe, the pioneer of Administration required five round utes in the air. (A 707 does it today overseas air travel and mail service. trips before passenger service could in 32 hours, 10 minutes.) "It savors

Left, a compartment and, right, part of the smoking lounge on a Martin Clipper. The big Boeings were even more sumptuous.

begin. The first trip almost ended in of flying carpets," an aviation writer the head of the list had sent a blank a colossal disaster within minutes rhapsodized. FDR thought so, too. check as early as 1932 with a note after take-off. She couldn't make it "Even at this distance," he told the attached. "I don't know how much over the Oakland Bay Bridge, then jubilant crew from the White House, it's gonna be, but put me down and being built. At the last minute, Capt. "I thrill at the wonder of it." see that I get the first ticket." His Edwin C. Musick cut under the Most of his fellow Americans name was Will Rogers, but he wasn't bridge, narrowly avoiding wires dan- agreed. A new route, a new record, a around to pick up the ticket, having gling from it. A whole flock of small new plane—they were a vivid splash died the year before with Wiley Post planes that escorted the Clipper for a of color in the dismal depths of the when their small plane crashed near while did likewise. Depression. Three days later the Phil- Point Barrow, Alaska. Disappointed It was the only "incident" of the ippine Clipper repeated the perfor- would-be No. Is on the list included whole trip. mance, and what had never been done everybody from bankers to honey- The big bird could have landed in before became routine. But the real mooners. Even as the chosen few Manila right on schedule on Nov. 28. fillip came on that October day in clambered up the gangplank—among But a big celebration in Manila had 1936 when paying passengers were them an aviation executive, a Cali- erroneously been set for Nov. 29, so first accepted. Americans listened fornia oilman, a perennial first-flight the China Clipper laid over a day at with ears glued to big, clumsy radio fan from Pennsylvania, a Chicago Guam, and landed in Manila Bay at cabinets or tiny crystal sets as the wholesale grocer, several upper crust 3:32 p.m., Nov. 29 (which was the announcer in Alameda described members of the prop-set—some ea- 28th back home). over a national hookup the departure ger standbys were still trying to "When the flying boat finally of the Hawaii Clipper on its maiden wangle a way to get aboard. One de- stopped," said a young Filipino who passenger flight to the Orient. termined woman tried to mail her- later became Pan Am's maintenance More than 1,000 people applied for self to Manila at 750 an ounce. An- supervisor in Manila, "launches from space on that first flight. The man at other offered to go as livestock at the

22 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1975 air express rate of $4.13 a pound. A Hollywood actress put in a bid to charter the entire plane for herself and a group of friends. All were refused. The lucky ones paid $1,438.20 for the round-trip privilege, a mighty wad of greenbacks back when "Brother, Can You Spare a Dime?" was something more than a popular song in America. The round-trip fare is $1,165 today, and that's in tourist class. There was only one way to go on the flying clipper. First class with a flourish. There was one last ocean to con- quer—the Atlantic. The M-130 was sturdy and dependable, the cabins as spacious as "an evening at home," but it carried considerably fewer than its 32-passenger capacity when pushed near its maximum range on the Honolulu leg. Which is why Pan Am bought only three of the planes. Depending upon headwinds and mail loads, sometimes as few as seven passengers were on the long haul from California to Hawaii when one of the trio—the Hawaii Clipper, China Clipper and Philippine Clipper —left on its weekly jaunt to Manila. What aviation obviously needed was an airplane which could carry a larger passenger load over a commercially feasible route. And in the thirties, that meant across the Atlantic. Thousands of American businessmen and vacationers annually packed their steamer trunks and headed for Europe, filling the luxurious ocean liners which promised that "getting there is half the fun." Trippe had wanted to tap the lucrative Atlantic flown Central Pacific Clipper the market before the Pacific, but Euro- Nobody had the to Manila when the China made first airmail run in November, 1935. Here it is before take-off at Alameda, Cal. pean rivals stymied him at every Postmaster General Farley sees the mail off while millions listen on radio. turn. There were no American-owned stepping-stones in the Atlantic and use of any bases. Biding time, Pan engine giant even by today's stan- the British refused landing rights at Am sent out word in 1936 to Boeing, dards. She measured 109 feet and Bermuda and in England, since they Sikorsky, Douglas and Consolidated her tapered wings spanned 152 feet weren't yet ready to compete with that it wanted a "super" boat that from tip to tip, 21 feet greater than their Empire Class flying boats. The would carry more people faster and the wingspread of a 707 jet. Her hull French were still making survey farther than the Martins. mimicked a whale's body. She cruised flights, and also refused Pan Am the Boeing won with the B-314, a four- at 145 mph at 5,000 feet, weighed

The China Clipper sat down at Manila in routine fashion, to start regular schedules. Transatlantic service was still to come.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1975 23 Magnificent Clipper Flying Boats in filmy, ankle-length skirts as the Those stewards helped them aboard—the glamorous comings and goings 49 tons fully loaded, and could the day, some ten miles distant, y2 smacked of the stuff that dreams were carry 89 persons, though, for chic Lucky Lindy had taken off on his made of. comfort, accommodations were often historic hop to Paris. ah, the reduced to 70 or so, to offer even "As the Clippers fly," Life soon "The Yankee Clipper ... Texas banker re- greater luxury than is found nowa- told its readers, "Europe is only 23 Yankee Clipper/' a calls today, remembering the Movie- days in the first-class section of a hours from New York. Twice each youth. "She jumbo 747. Boeing launched the first week, weather permitting, the great tone newsreels from his like to super-clipper, "larger than any of flying ships whir up and head out set a million youngsters me job, wondering the caravels sailed by Columbus in over the Atlantic for Horta in the daydreaming on the could stretched the discovery of America," into Puget Azores, and Lisbon, Portugal," then how $28 a week be to cover a round-trip to Lisbon. The Sound at its Seattle plant in May on to Marseilles, France, or South- as walked 1938. The war threat was hanging ampton, England. This was the so- gooseflesh lingered you the heavy over Europe at the time, and called, year-around "Southern route." out of the theater and into with signs the British and French reluctantly During the summer months, a Pan nearby WPA-built park streetposts urging enrollment agreed to let Pan Am begin service Am announcer also called out the on the the But no matter. You had with bases on their soil. Northern route: "Plane departing in CCC. always knew In February 1939, a B-314 flew for Newfoundland, Ireland and faith in democracy and coming when down the West Coast for an appear- Southampton. All aboard." As sim- that a better day was walking across that gang- ance at the Golden Gate International ply as that, flying to Europe became you'd be of us Exposition (San Francisco's answer a reality in the Clippers that began plank in a Panama hat. Many

trip across the Atlantic on May 20, 1939. Boeing's big Yankee Clipper took off from Long Island Sound on the first commercial

even had our favorite pilots. My hero to the New York World's Fair), shuttling back and forth across the the Dixie Clipper's captain, thence to San Diego, New Orleans Atlantic with the regularity of the was R. O. D. Sullivan, who, the newspa- and up to the Tidal Basin in Wash- Queen Mary. said, knew every wave by heart." ington, D. C, where First Lady Elea- Newspapers publicized their ar- pers In that golden age of travel, such nor Roosevelt christened it the rivals and departures, listing names "leg room" and "aisle Yankee Clipper. On May 20th, the of important passengers—Archduke phrases as never mentioned. No gigantic flying boat edged away from Otto of Hapsburg, pretender to the space" were Cu- one had to. The flying boats with the ramp at its home base at Port Austro-Hungarian throne; Eve gull-shaped nose hulls Washington on Long Island Sound, rie, daughter of the discoverers of their blunt, have been a headache for the skimmed "like a pot-bellied whale radium; Annabella, wife of movie may Tyrone Power Broadway actors engineers but they offered the trav- with wings" across the yachting wa- idol ; eler barn-size accommodations. The ters of Manhasset Bay and lifted off and socialites; just about anyone two decks con- "with deceptive ease," went into a who was anybody in the late thir- Boeing B-314 had real staircase, the top climb, veered west and circled the ties. It was the first jet set, without nected by a storage and naviga- World's Fair while the throngs be- jets. The Dixie Clipper on one return for crew, mail, lower main deck low waved hats and cheered, then trip brought over a group of svelte tion equipment, the passengers. "For this soaring arrowed east to Europe. models from the Paris style shows, for the dark Atlantic, passengers Like her Pacific counterpart, the along with trunkfuls of the new Pa- above and luxury of a Yankee Clipper carried no fare- risian creations, dresses and hats. enjoy the comfort yacht," Time magazine said. "They paying passengers on the first com- To moviegoers wedged into narrow deeply upholstered mercial transatlantic flight—just theater seats, clutching a nickel bag will find 59 big, arranged in six compartments four dozen California marigolds for of greasy popcorn, watching news- seats another 15 in a smoking-dining Great Britain's Dowager Queen Mary reels of the well-heeled file across and lounge. At night, two stewards con- and mail sacks stuffed with 80,000 the gangplank—the men in Panama vert the seats into staterooms with letters. All the same, it seemed in- hats and tailor-made double-breasted (Continued on page 39) credible that only 12 years before to suits, the women stepping carefully

24 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1975 . ;

VETERANS A DIGEST OF EVENTS WHICH ARE NEWSLETTER OF PERSONAL INTEREST TO YOU

AUGUST 1975

HOUSE AND SENATE EACH PASS BILLS Office of Management & Budget has TO PROVIDE COST-OF-LIVING BOOSTS not yet cleared a report from the IN VETERANS SERVICE-CONNECTED COM- Dep't of Defense which supports the

PENSATION AND SURVIVORS BENEFITS: flag code measure. . .When and if the During June both the House and bill gets past these hurdles it will the Senate unanimously passed differ- still have to move through the House ent versions of legislation designed Judiciary Committee. to provide cost-of-living increases in veterans disability compensation LEGION TESTIFIES ON NAT'L CEMETERIES: - and survivor benefits. . .The House Noting that operation of the Na- passed measure would provide for tional Cemetery System had "vastly a six-to-eight percent increase for improved" since jurisdiction and those rated 10-50% disabled and a 10% management of its widely separated increase for those rated 60% or more facilities were transferred and cen- disabled. .. Increases in dependency tralized under the VA, Robert E. Lyngh and indemnity compensation for sur- Deputy Director of the Legion's Nat'l vivors of veterans who died of service- Veterans Affairs & Rehabilitation Com- connected causes would be about 10%. mission, recently told a House Veterans The measure adopted by the Senate Affairs Subcommittee on Cemeteries would provide a 14% increase for and Burial Benefits that the Legion veterans rated 60% or more disabled had supported the change and was and about 12% for veterans with less generally pleased with results thus service-connected disability. . .Eligible far. . .However , he noted that the Legion spouses and children of veterans who die of was still not in harmony with the con- service-connected disability would tinuing restrictions on burial at get a 14% boost in DIC under Arlington National Cemetery, which the Senate bill. is under the jurisdiction of the In time sequence, the House bill Dep't of Defense. . .Only active duty (HR7767) was adopted first and sent personnel, retired members of the to the Senate .. .However , the Senate Regular Establishments, Congressional passed its version then (S1597) , Medal of Honor winners and present vacated that action by amending the or former high officers of the House bill to include the Senate bill's federal government who are also vet- language and returned that to the erans, may be interred at Arlington House along with a request for a con- ..."We say this is the most obvious ference... At presstime, a meeting date form of discrimination," noted Lyngh, had not yet been scheduled. as he added that "the Legion believes Since both bills call for cost-of- the designation of land from the Manassas living raises above the Administra- Battlefield to be used as an adjunct tion's request that increases be held to Arlington, would be satisfactory to 5%, any compromise result that and appropriate." comes out of conference may still face The Legion urged that veterans con- the hurdle of a Presidential veto. tinue to receive both VA burial allowances and Social Security burial VETERANS AND FLAG CODE MEASURES DAY benefits under the theory that the STALLED IN CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES: VA benefit is a gratuity rendered for As Veterans Newsletter goes to honorable service and the Social press, two legislative items of vital Security benefit is an earned benefit. interest to the Legion for many years Also backed was the concept of are stalled in Congress ... In the establishment of state veterans ceme-

House , legislation to move Veterans teries with the aid of federal grants Day from the fourth Monday in October and the construction of columbaria to its original Nov. 11th date is (to house crematorial ashes) and awaiting markup in the Subcommittee mausoleums on Population & Census ... Similar legis- • In a related development, the lation has already passed the Senate... House of Representatives adopted and There, a flag code bill has been sent to the Senate a bill setting marking time in the Subcommittee on aside money for a new VA cemetery in Federal Charters, Holidays and Celebra- Pennsylvania which specifically stated tions because the Administration's that it should not be created at

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1975 25 . 1

CONTINUED VETERANS NEWSLETTER

Valley Forge State Park... The adverse He said that the Castro government had recommendation grew out of a House (1) not changed its ideology, (2) Appropriations Committee report which still had a satellite alliance with said: "There is no justification for theU.S.S.R., (3) still has not respected spoiling national shrines or overly- the human rights of its own people and developing activities at such loca- (4) was still exporting subversion and tions..." ...This drew the fire of revolution to other Latin American the Pennsylvania Legion which noted nations... In addition, Dr. Foster noted, that war veterans who fought at other "The Soviet Union has a stranglehold locations were entitled to burial on on Cuba today. It operates military air- sacred ground on the same basis as craft out of Cuban airfields to spy on earlier veterans of the nation's the U.S. defenses. It uses Cuban ports for

conflicts. . .Pennsylvania' s Legion its naval vessels, including nuclear Cmdr Richard Snyder said: "It is missile submarines. It has succeeded in wholly possible that if these men binding the Cuban economy to the needs and women had not done such a mag- of the communist bloc in Eastern . nificent job in defeating Germany and Europe . . " Japan, that the sacred soil of Valley Because of this the Legion "firmly Forge might now be a concentration camp." believes that it would not be in the best interest of the U.S. to remove the economic WARTIME BENEFITS OPPOSED FOR boycott of Cuba at this time. We believe PEACETIME EX-SERVICE PERSONNEL: it would be harmful to the interests of The Legion has called upon Congress the free world—a world already shaken to enact legislation which would cut by the fall of South Vietnam and Cambodia. off eligibility to wartime benefits We believe the boycott should be retained for persons who enter active duty until the Cuban government begins to in the armed services during peace- live up to its responsibilities in time... U.S. participation in the international affairs and in its treatment Vietnam War ended Jan. 27, 1973 and the of its own citizens." military draft ended June 30, 1973... On May 7 this year, President Ford LEGION CALLS FOR A HOUSE COMMITTEE terminated certain wartime benefits TO CHECK VIETNAM WAR MIA SITUATION: effective the following day and also In a recent letter, Legion Nat ' asked Congress to enact legislation Cmdr James M. Wagonseller has urged ending educational benefits for peace- the House of Representatives to act time service personnel. . .The Dep't on a number of pending resolutions of Defense opposes this because of which, if adopted, would authorize the adverse effect the loss of them a House Committee to conduct a com- might have on recruiting. .. The Legion plete investigation of the whereabouts has no objection to the development of our known dead and missing-in-action of an educational program for peace- personnel of the war in Southeast Asia. time ex-service personnel if it is established under the auspices and budget of the Dep't of Defense and VIET VET Gl BILL GETS HIGH USAGE: not charged to the VA. The VA recently reported it has figures showing that more Vietnam CONGRESS IS WARNED AGAINST Era veterans have trained under the current RELAXATION OF SANCTIONS ON CUBA: G.I. Bill than did under the original The Legion recently warned a House WW2 legislation or under the Korean Int'l Affairs Subcommittee that it War G.I. Bill... The agency notes that saw no reason for the U.S. to relax a total of 5.7 million men and women its economic and diplomatic boycott have received some form of training of Cuba. .. Citing a resolution adopted under the Veterans Readjustment at the Legion's 1974 Miami Beach Benefits Act of 1966—about 53% of National Convention, which is the total veteran population for the the backbone for this position, nine-year period... In contrast, the Dr. Robert P. Foster, Chmn, Foreign VA states that 51% of eligible vets Relations Commission noted that participated in the WW2 program (7.8 there were increasing business rela- million out of 15.4 million eligible) tions by U.S. companies through third- and 43% participated in the Korean party nation contacts which were War program (nearly 2.4 million out

circumventing U.S. official policy... of 5.5 million vets) .

26 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1S75 AMERICAN LEGION NEWS AND VETERANS AFFAIRS

AUGUST 1975 JOHN ANDREOLA Pres. Ford Will Address The

Legion's 57th Nat l Convention

Past Nat'l Cmdr Colmery to get Legion Distinguished Ser- vice Medal; VA Administrator Roudebush, Steelworkers

union Pres. I. W. Abel, writer Jim Bishop and sportscaster Curt Gowdy are among those invited to the convention.

President Gerald R. Ford will be dendorf, who will address the Legion's the principal speaker at The Ameri- Nat'l Security Commission. can Legion's 57th Annual National • VA Administrator Richard L. Roude- Convention in Minneapolis, Minn., bush, who will bring greetings to the Aug. 15-21. This will be the Legion's convention. fourth national conclave in the Minne- • Jim Bishop, internationally known apolis area (the others, 1919, 1924 author and columnist, who will receive and 1959). The American Legion's Fourth Estate Legionnaire President Gerald R. Ford. During the convention, The American Award. Legion's highest honor, its Distinguished • Sportscaster Curt Gowdy, who will will respond to the National Command- Service Medal, will be presented by address the National Commander's Ban- er's announcement of American Legion National Commander James M. Wagon- quet to Distinguished Guests. participation in a national cancer fund seller, to Past National Commander • I. W. Abel, President of the drive. He will be accompanied by Mrs. Harry W. Colmery (Kans. 1936-37), 945,000-member United Steelworkers Birch Bayh, wife of the Indiana Sena- for his contribution as primary drafter of America union. tor, who is the immediate Past Nat'l of the original G.I. Bill of Rights. • U.S. Army Chief of Staff Gen. Cancer Crusade Chairlady. When WW2 was drawing to a close, Frederick C. Weyand. • Representatives of American Legion Legion leaders were concerned with the • U.S. Chamber of Commerce Presi- youth programs, who will be presented prospect that millions of returning ser- dent, Dr. Richard L. Lesher. to the convention delegates. vicemen and women would not be • Russ Gibb, Director, Youth & Ed- Here are some important locations adequately prepared for the transition ucation Programs of the American Rev- during the convention period: to civilian life nor would they be easily olution Bicentennial Commission, who • The Leamington Hotel will be the able to make up for time lost in the will address the Legion's Americanism Legion's Hq Hotel and the site of most service of their nation. The Legion Commission. meetings of standing commissions and perceived that new laws would be nec- • W. Armin Willig, Chmn, Board of Di- convention committees. essary to help this transition. Thus, Mr. rectors, American Cancer Society, who • The Radisson Hotel-Downtown will Colmery personally spent about five months in the nation's capital drawing upon Legion mandates for direction and writing and rewriting the language which eventually evolved into what is popularly known as the G.I. Bill. This set of laws is universally considered landmark legislation in that it provided such far-reaching benefits for WW2 veterans and contributed so significantly to the nation's economic and social re- covery in the years that followed. The law later served as the model for Ko- rean War and Vietnam Era G.I. Bills and made possible a better way of life for millions of ex-servicemen and women over a generation of time. Also invited to the national convention to receive honors or address some of its meetings are a whole host of government officials and national personal- ities. Among them: • U. S. Navy Secretary J. William Mid- Legion meets at Minneapolis Auditorium & Convention Hall, 13th St., & 2nd Ave.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1975 27 —

NEWS'

• Sons of The American Legion D will UUUUU hold its National Convention at the Nat'l Membership Bulletin / Holiday Inn-Downtown. I PARADE / Convention I REVIEWING STAND & Tourism If ! At the end of June national mem- Commission c AN The following is a day-by-day J bership in the Legion had reached LJ| LJ LJ »L3 ^ schedule 6TH ST. S. of events of the convention 2,664,368. This was 28,678 enroll- period as Dyckman now planned: North ments ahead of last year at the same Friday, Aug. 15: Standing commis- I Inn date. Five dep'ts (Md., Minn., N.H., i /IH ST , S. sions and committees begin meetings, — N.D. and S.D.) had reached all-time Radisson most of which will be held at the Leam- highs; 23 had exceeded last year's ington Hotel. Sons of the Legion membership and 27 had surpassed 8TH ST. S. Executive Committee meets, Holiday their goals. Inn-Downtown. Twenty and Four organization holds meetings and Annual Tower w ^ Bivouac Banquet at Holiday Inn- 1014 3rd Ave., South, Minneapolis, fi 1 SE T Downtown, Aug. 14-15. Junior Drum Minn. 55404. The 29th Annual Draw- Corps prelims, South High School, Bar- ing for the Ford cars donated by the Francis Drake nard Field, Lake St., and 19th Junior Seagram Posts will take place at the and Senior Drill Teams and Firing spectacular. An official coupon to en- ^ ni jgton l \ j\ Squad Contests, Parade Diamond No. able you to participate i . f | [ J [ is on this page. < 2 a 11TH ST, S. 2. Fill it out and send it in right away. No 71 Orchestra I -3 Concord i H all* Saturday, Aug. 16: Standing commis- need to be present at the convention D<[* sions and committees continue meetings. to win but you must be a dues paid Sons of the Legion Convention sessions member of the Legion or Auxiliary. start. Junior Field Bands, Edison High Entries must be received by midnight, School, Monroe St., and 20th Ave., N. Aug. 15, 1975. PARADE \ , • ^ VS E. Junior and Senior Sunday, START Color Guard Con- Aug. 17: Convention com- Holiday Inn*& i tests, Parade Diamond No. 2. Senior mittees begin meetings, most of which Drum Corps prelims, South High will be held at the Leamington Hotel. School, Legion Historians luncheon, Sons of the Legion Convention Convention Parade route and landmarks. con- Leamington Hotel. Society of American cludes. ANAVICUS breakfast and meet- be the Legion Auxiliary Hq Hotel and Legion Founders meeting and dinner, ing to be held at Leamington Hotel, the site for all its activities. Leamington Hotel. The Legion's Musi- 8:00 a.m. National Convention Patriotic • The Dyckman Hotel will be the cal Spectacular will take place at Parade & Memorial Service takes place 9:00 Hq Hotel of the 8 et 40 organization. Stadium in downtown Minneapolis a.m., at Orchestra Hall, 1111 Nicollet • The Minneapolis Auditorium will starting at 7:00 p.m. Tickets are $3.50 Ave., followed by the Chorus & Quar- be the location of the Nat'l Hq Office for reserved section and $2.50 for gen- tet Contests and Senior Band Contests. beginning on Aug. 11 and also the site eral admission. No discount this year The National Executive Committee pre- of National Convention sessions begin- due to state and city tax laws. To order convention meeting takes place at 1 1 :00 ning on Aug. 19. The Nat'l Cmdr's in advance, make checks payable and a.m., in the Iowa Room, Leamington Banquet to Distinguished Guests will be send order to: American Legion 1975 Hotel. The National Convention Parade held there. Convention Corp., Leamington Hotel, starts at 2:00 p.m., from 13th St., goes north on Marquette to 5th Ave. The reviewing stand OFFICIAL will be at 5th St., and COUPON 3rd Ave., and the parade is expected to take about six hours to travel the 12- The Seagram Posts block route. The Minnesota Legion is American Legion planning to put on one of the largest P.O. Box 9418 marching displays of massed U.S. flags Minneapolis, Minnesota 55440 ever seen. Gentlemen: Monday, Aug. 18: Convention committees complete meetings. FODPAL I am a dues paid member of Post #- American Legion, breakfast meeting, Leamington Hotel,

or of Unit #. _, American Legion Auxiliary located in 1954 Legion College Class Breakfast, Leamington Hotel. National Conven- (City) -(State). tion Golf Tournament takes place at Please enter my name in the free drawings for two Ford Gran Torino 2-door Golden Valley Country Club beginning Hardtops donated by the Seagram Posts to the American Legion Convention at 9:30 a.m. Some places still open in Corporation. Drawings to be held Saturday, August 16, 1975 at Parade Sta- the tournament at presstime. Contact dium, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Entries must be received no later than midnight, August 15, 1975. your Department Adjutant for full details. Past Commanders' Luncheon, Name. Michigan Room, Leamington Hotel. William Conrad, star of the "Cannon" Address. television detective show, will receive the club's "Good Guy" award. City .State. .Zip. Tuesday, Aug. 19: National Conven- tion sessions begin 9:00 a.m., Minneapo- Legion or Auxiliary Membership Card #. lis Auditorium, National Commander's Banquet to Distinguished Guests, 7:30 SEAGRAM POSTS 29th FORD AWARDS p.m., Convention Hall, tickets $17.50 each.

28 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1975 Wednesday, Aug, 20: Second day of Legion Baseball Graduate of the Year out of the tournament. If a tie results National Convention, American Legion by the end of the 14th game, a 15th Auxiliary States Dinner, Radisson Hotel, game will be played. 8:00 p.m. Special Beer Party, Armory, Leading up to the Series will be elimi- 5th Street at 5th Ave., 4:00 p.m., to nation tourneys held in eight regional midnight. cities beginning on Aug. 20. Here are Thursday, Aug. 21: Final day of the locations and names of host posts: National Convention, election of Na- Northeastern Regional, Adams Field, tional Commander and national officers. Quincy, Mass., host, Cyril P. Morrisette Post-convention meeting of National Post 294; Mid-Atlantic Regional, Shep- Executive Committee. herd Stadium, Colonial Heights, Va., Other convention notes: host, Colonial Heights Post 284; South- • The Minnesota Twins baseball team eastern Regional, Anderson County Me- will be playing three games each with morial Stadium, Anderson, S.C., host, the Cleveland Indians and the Balti- W.A. Hudgens Post 14; Mid-South Re- more Orioles during the Convention gional, Legion Field, Greenville, Miss., period. Highlight will be a pre-game host, Beppo-Arnold-Knowles, Inc., Post Twins Salute to The American Legion 32; Great Lakes Regional, Ty Holland on Monday night, Aug. 18, at Metro- Stadium, Murray, Ky., host, Murray politan Stadium beginning promptly at Post 73; Central Plains Regional, Vet- 7:55 p.m. erans Memorial Stadium, Cedar Rapids, • The 57th National Convention is la., host, Hanford Post 5; Pacific North- being dedicated to the Society of Ameri- west Regional, Thorne-Rider Stadium, can Legion Founders. Its remaining Sheridan, Wy., host, John Donald Gar- survivors will be distinguished guests butt Post 7; Western Regional, Runyon of the Convention and will have a Field, Pueblo, Colo., co-hosts, Runyon special spot in the big parade. The Field Committee, Inc., and Pueblo In this photo, Nat'l Cmdr James M. parade itself is being dedicated to the Wagonseller has just presented a de- County Post 203. U.S. armed forces in recognition of lighted Wilbur Wood, Chicago White Sox America's Bicentennial observance. pitcher, with the Legion's Baseball Grad- Clemency Progress Report uate of the Year Award for 1974 at his • The American Legion's Employer After almost a year in operation the team's park on June 22. The award each hiring veterans President's conditional of the Year Awards for year honors the ballplayer who best ex- clemency pro- will be presented to the ITT Continental emplifies the principles and ideals of gram for draft evaders and military de- Baking Co., and the Fleischmann Dis- Legion baseball. Wood played for Water- serters was still a long way from his town Post 99, Watertown, Mass., in the tilling Corp. stated goal of "binding the nation's late 1950's. • The American Legion 1975 Com- wounds and healing the scars of divi- memorative Replica goes on sale during siveness." the convention to be followed by na- Legion World Series Between Sept. 16, 1974 when the pro- tional distribution after its premiere. In The 50th Annual American Legion gram opened and March 31, 1975 when past years, the Legion had had a com- World Series of Baseball will be held it ceased accepting applications, only memorative bottle. This year, Seagram's Aug. 28-Sept. 1, 1975 at Sioux Park about 25,000 of almost 125,000 re- decided instead to reproduce the dis- Stadium, Rapid City, S. Dak., with ported eligible military deserters and tinctive round tower at historic Ft. Rapid City Legion Post 22 and Baseball draft evaders stepped forward to take Snelling (near Minneapolis) as a ceramic Parents, Inc. of Post 22 as co-hosts. advantage of the provisions of the clem- container or holder of a fifth of its The series will consist of 14 games ency program. Benchmark premium bourbon. with teams garnering two losses going When it was inaugurated, the am-

National Officers Visit World War II Dachau Concentration Camp The photo at right shows National Ad- jutant William F. Hauck and National Commander James M. Wagonseller at the memorial at Dachau Concentration Camp near Munich, Germany where thousands were incarcerated and died during World War II. A delegation of members of Legion Post 8 of Munich escorted the national officers on a tour of the prison camp. The Dachau visit was part of the Nat'l Cmdr's recent military and diplomatic briefing tour of several European countries. It began with a visit to the invasion beaches of Nor- mandy, France, and included wreath- laying ceremonies in conjunction with Memorial Day observances at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, Arch of Tri- umph in Paris and at various U.S. military cemeteries. The group also received a briefing tour of the Rhein Main Air Base near Frankfurt, Germany.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1975 29 NEWS nesty plan was set up in three segments Past Commanders Club of Nat'l Cmdr's Post Visits Nat'l Hq for the categories of people it was designed to serve. Some 110,000 persons convicted of military desertion or draft evasion could apply to a Presidential Clemency Board, arrange terms of clemency and receive a Presidential pardon along with a clemency discharge (which does not grant VA benefits) after a period of alternative service. About 4,400 persons charged with civilian draft evasion could negotiate pending charges with their U. S. Attor- ney in return for alternative service. And, more than 10,000 A. W. O. L. military personnel or deserters accused of offenses could accept honorable discharges and leave the military, or if desired, obtain a clemency discharge by performing alternative service. By mid-June, out of this last group, about half had applied for alternative service, some 4,000 were assigned jobs The 20 Legionnaires in this photo are all past commanders of Post 11, Lancaster, and about 1,300 were still at work. The Ohio, including Nat'l Cmdr Wagonseller, standing in the center. They are all mem- balance had either completed their (1) bers of that post's exclusive "Black Cat Club," composed solely of past post com- it alternative service (2) forgone and manders and so named because it only meets on any Friday the 13th. They posed for settled for undesirable discharges or (3) the photo during a visit to Nat'l Hq in Indianapolis on Friday the 13th in June. been unable to procure employment. The Dep't of Justice reported that of jobs because of economic conditions. men working at alternative service jobs the 4,400 accused who were eligible for Of the largest group, the 110,000 in order to receive Presidential pardons. its program, 680 had been enrolled and convicted of military desertion or draft The original nine-member Clemency 596 assigned to alternative service jobs. evasion, the Presidential Clemency Board has been doubled in size and its There were almost 400 still at work with Board reported in June that only 165 staff of lawyers, clerks and other per- the rest unable to find public service applications had been acted on with 11 sonnel has been increased to over 500 in order to handle the monumental pa- perwork involved. Legion Post Awards Plaque To Business Which Closes on Memorial Day • In a related development during JOHN ANDREOLA April, Nat'l Cmdr James M. Wagon- seller castigated a Subcommittee of the House Committee on the Judiciary for denying the American Legion the opportunity of offering "live" testimony on the subject of amnesty, for which the committee was then holding hearings. The Legion did submit a written statement that it "opposed further liberali- zation of the treatment of draft evaders and deserters and felt that existing agencies and prevailing law are capable of handling the current problem in all of its ramifications."

Jobless Veterans Figures released in June by the Bu- reau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Dep't of Labor showed that about 575,000 Vietnam Era veterans were out of work. That's more than twice as many as a year earlier. - The overall rate of unemployment for veterans between the ages of 20-34 was 9.3% —almost twice as high as a year earlier. The rate for the group from The Legionnaires of Post 21, Cresskill, N.J., quickly voted a plaque of appreciation 20-24 years of age was over 21% and to a local lighting and electrical fixtures concern when they read its newspaper ad announcing it would close on Memorial Day and urging other businesses to do the just about 7% for veterans between same. Post 21 Cmdr Art Meyer is shaking hands with William M. Schmidt. Next to Bill 25-34 years of age. is his brother George and son William H. Schmidt (dark shirt). The Schmidt's own The national unemployment rate was Paramus Lighting, Bergen County, N.J., and are all veterans as are all their male 9.2% at the end of May with over 8V2 employees. At left, Ed Julian, Post 21 Americanism Chmn. Sign on window behind them tells story, along with reflected U. S. flag which flies day and night (lighted). million Americans reported out of work.

30 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1975 South Dakota Legion Gift Cadet Lawman Academy and a speaker for that flag. Two members are missing from the photo. The Kansas Legion and the Kansas Highway Patrol again cosponsored the Bicentennial project of Legion Dis- Cadet Lawman Academy at the KHP A trict 22, Texas, is the Cruiser Houston Training Center located at Schilling Memorial, the final phase of which calls AFB, Salina. Forty young men, who for the creation of a Cruiser Houston are juniors in high school and rank in Room at the Central Library to house the top half of their class scholastically, permanently a collection of documents were selected to attend this youth pro- and historical gram. material concerning both ships Houston and the Houston Volun- The individual sponsorship of a cadet teers. Nearly 33 years ago, was by one of the 375 Kansas Legion local citizens raised $86 million to replace the USS posts. Each cadet was approved by a Cruiser Houston, sunk in WW2, as law enforcement officer, his school, and 1,000 men rallied in front of what was a post. Carillon is Legion gift to cemetery. then Loew's Theater, Main Street near SD The purpose of the program is to McKinney in Houston, for a mass en- help young men gain knowledge regard- Legion gave to the The South Dakota listment in the to replace the lost the training and responsibilities of Navy Schul- ing Black Hills Nat'l Cemetery a crew members. Those men were there- law enforcement officers. Therefore, merich Carillon MagnaBell III System, after known as the Houston Volunteers, they will hopefully better understand Caril- dedicated on Memorial Day. The and the site was recently designated as and have greater respect and apprecia- lon adapted to an public ad- was FM a Texas Historical Landmark. Phase 1 tion for lawmen at all levels. They are dress system. A tape deck was included of the project was the rededication of a asked upon their return to speak to taps, etc. The for the playing of hymns, plaque at the original site on Main civic, school and youth organizations, cost was $5,000. Street, Phase 2 was the creation of a helping those people to respect, appre- A highlight of the memorial occa- memorial to both ships and their crews. ciate and support law enforcement offi- sion was the completion of the Avenue cials. of Flags, first installed on Memorial POSTS IN ACTION Day 1968 by local veterans organiza- Under the sponsorship of Post and Unit BRIEFLY NOTED tions and consisting of 73 flags located 47, Lake Worth, Fla., with the coopera- at the entrance and around the flag staff tion of the city and of Lake Worth area of the cemetery. This year, with H.S., the annual Youth Town program the assistance of veterans organizations was held—a sort of Boys' State on the throughout the state, the Avenue of city level. Elected and appointed high Flags was extended completely around school students occupied city offices in the cemetery drives, using 169 flags. All an experience that taught them much flags were received from the next of kin about city government. The city offi- of deceased veterans and service men. cials got an opportunity to gain an in- Dep't Cmdr Don Clarke introduced sight into the views and attitudes of the principal speaker, Bobbie Beller, these younger citizens. The elected of- Director, VA Nat'l Cemetery Services, ficials were voted on by the students and dedicated the Carillon. and those elected made the appoint- A luncheon was provided for all par- ments. Included were a tour of the ticipants in the ceremony by Post 33, city's departments and a municipal Sturgis. Music was by the State Legion court session. Band, directed by Art Neidan. It was estimated that between 2,500 and 3,000 viewed the ceremonies. Conn, spreads the word about the flag. In the upper photo, shown with the posts ten units in Connecti- Carillon, from the left, are: Andrew Eight and Szilvasi, Supt., Black Hills Nat'l Ceme- cut have formed a Bicentennial Flag tery; Delmar Junek, chairman, SD Le- History Team to promote interest in the gion Nat'l Cemetery Committee; and nation's flag, using the Bicentennial Ob- 18- Bobbie Beller. servance as the central issue. The member group was organized and is directed by Mrs. Natalie Yasensky (third from left, first row in photo), Past Dep't President, who researched and wrote the script for each flag. In less than one year, 21 performances have been given, including three pa- Post 346, Mich., utilized this theme. rades, a TV show, and a visit to the Rocky Hill Veterans Hospital. Eight his- Post 346, Farmington, Mich., was toric US flags are used, dating back to joined by VFW Post 2269 in a Bicen- the Bedford Flag, used at the Battle of tennial Program. The posts sell lapel Lexington and Concord (1775), the pins commemorating Paul Revere's Drum Corps leads procession. Grand Union Flag, the Bennington, ride, the slogan on the pin being "Re- In the lower photo, showing the Fife Betsy Ross, First Navy Jack, Fifteen vere Our Country" (see photo of card & Drum Corps leading the parade of Stars and Fifteen Stripes, Connecticut reproduction). All profits will go to the colors, the drummer (left) is Charles State Flag, to the present 50-star Flag. Mongoloid Children Achievements Childs. Playing the fife is LaVerne As each flag is advanced by a Legion- Foundation. Official kick-off was April Clark. naire, an Auxiliare acts as an escort 26, with a Paul Revere Ride from the

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1975 31 —

NEWS' (USAF, an award winner); and Edward cated to the memory of the militiamen Bond. of the Northern Valley who defended the homes, farms, and lives of the set- Free to all children was an "Evening of tlers here during the American Revolu- Mystery & Music" presented by Florida tion. VFW Post 3286." Atlantic Univ. Post 325, Boca Raton, Fla. Featured was a magician, Mr. Lloyd, who was assisted by a troupe of professional magicians, clowns, and a barbershop quartet. The show was put on at a cost of over $500. In the photo, Mr. Lloyd, left, and Post Cmdr Charles Vincent welcome the audience to the Magic Show.

"Paul Revere" and the Bennington Flag.

Legion Hall to each of two City Halls (Farmington and Farmington Hills). At this time a proclamation and a Ben- nington Flag were presented to each mayor. In return the posts were given proclamations from each city proclaim- ing the simulated Paul Revere Ride as Post 2, N.H.; new officers, new home the official beginning of activities for In their brand new post home, officers the Bicentennial. The Legion Commit- of Post 2, Manchester, N.H., effect the tee chairman is Gerald Farrell. In the change of Post Commanders for the photo above, Ralph Yoder, mayor of coming year. At left is James A. Swee- Farmington, receives a scroll from Nat ney, retired superintendent of the Man- Little (Paul Revere). Jay Farrell, of Post 325, Fla., sponsors Magic Show. chester Water Works (Post Cmdr in Legion Post 346, and William Tolhurst 1930), awarding the Past Cmdr's pin to of VFW Post 2269 display the Benning- In the town of Cresskill, N.J., Patrick his son, Dr. John W. Sweeney, DDS, ton Flag. DeVivo, of the Dep't of Public Works, the immediate Past Post Cmdr. In the finishes off the base of a Bicentennial center is the incoming Post Cmdr, Rob- Aviator's Valor Awards, presented to memorial in Veterans Square. The 2- ert Joyce, Jr. rated crew members in the military for ton stone was acquired from the his- conspicuous valor during flight, were toric New Jersey Palisades in Fort Lee. In this photo, a hand-crocheted Con- given by Aviator's Post 743, New York, The two plaques were unveiled on Me- federate flag is presented to Mrs. J.A. N.Y. Each of the military services morial Day. The one at left reads: "On Smith (at right), president of Jude A. Army, Navy and Air Force—selected this site stood the Cresskill Station of Benjamin Chapter of the Daughters of a recipient. This year, double awards the Confederacy, by Post Cmdr Lamar were given since both 1973 and 1974 Owens, Post 88, Jacksonville, Fla. The nominees were available. A senior mili- flag was personally hand-crocheted by tary officer was present from each ser- Dr. Nila Colson (at left), a member of vice to make the presentations for both Unit 88. The presentation was made on years. Co-chairing the event for Post Confederate Memorial Day at Gamble Cmdr Matthew Boonstra were two past Mansion in Ellington, during a meeting commanders, Clayton Stiles and Ed- of Jude A. Benjamin Chapter. ward Bond. All recipients were nomi- nated by the Chiefs of Staff of their respective services. In the photo, show- Two periods in America's history noted. ing some of those attending, 1. to rt, are: Clayton Stiles; Maj. & Mrs. David the Northern Valley Railroad. Built in Clark (USAF, an award winner); Capt. 1859. It was the point of entry and de- & Mrs. Douglas Smith (USAF, an parture from Camp Merritt for many award winner); Brig. Gen. John Ger- soldiers during World War 1. Ameri- meraad (Inspector General, Military can Legion Camp Merritt Post 21." Airlift Cmd); Capt. & Mrs. James Gero The plaque at the right reads, "Dedi-

A gift to Daughters of the Confederacy

Post 571, Wesleyville, Pa., donated $1,300 to the Fire Dep't to buy extra equipment for a new ambulance. Now, when the ambulance is on call, the op- erators can, utilizing the new equipment, communicate with the hospital and give first aid on the way, much like the procedure that involves the Aviator's Valor Award nominees get trophies from Aviator's Post 743, New York, N.Y. use of para-medics.

32 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1975 —

American Legion Life Insurance San Antonio Post 565, San Antonio, William G. Milliken as being "quick to Tex. Horizon City Post 598, El Paso, speak up for Michigan," through his ac- Month Ending May 31, 1975 Tex.; Earl Ruder Post 613, College Sta- tivities with The American Legion. Benefits paid Jan. 1-May 31, 1975..$ 962,800 tion, Tex.; Herman Barnett Post 623, Benefits paid since April 1958 18,669,742 Basic units in force (number) 143,916 Houston, Tex.; Universal City Post 667, New Applications approved since Universal City, Tex.; Midville-Union Soleng Tom, Tucson, Ariz., former can- Jan. 1, 1975 2,514 New Applications declined 474 Post 29, Midville, Utah; Claudville Post didate for the office of Legion Nat'l New Applications suspended Claudville, Va. Commander, named a member of the (applicant failed to return 152, health form) 190 Nat'l Advisory Council of the U.S. Sen- PEOPLE IN THE NEWS ate Committee on Veterans Affairs. He American Legion Life Insurance is an official program of the American Legion, adopted Donald J. Smith, St. John's, Mich., was appointed by Sen. Vance Hartke, Dy tne National Executive Committee, 1958. It is decreasing term insurance, issued on chairman emeritus of the Legion's Nat'l chairman of the Senate Veterans Affairs application to paid-up members of The Internal Affairs Commission and Past Committee. A past Dep't Cmdr and American Legion subject to approval based on health and employment statement. Death Dep't Cmdr (1955-56), honored re- past Nat'l Vice Cmdr, Soleng was nom- benefits decrease with age, ranging from a maximum of $40,000 for four units up cently as one of 25 recipients of the inated for the new post by Sen. Barry through age 29 (age 25 in Ohio) to a mini- Governor's Michigan Minuteman Cita- Goldwater, longtime Legionnaire of mum of $250 for one unit at age 75 or over. Protection no longer stops at age 75, cover- tions. In a ceremony at the State Capi- Arizona. Said Hartke: "The Nat'l Ad- age may be carried for life as long as the tol in Lansing, visory Council will serve both as a annual premium is paid, the insured re- Smith was cited by Gov. mains a member of The American Legion, brain trust for solutions and a sounding and the Plan stays in effect. Available up to four units at a flat rate of $24 per unit a year board for evaluating priorities and pro- on a calendar basis, during year pro-rated grams of the Senate Committee." the first year at $2 a month per unit for insurance approved after January 1. Under- COMRADES IN DISTRESS written by two commercial life insurance companies, the Occidental Life Insurance Co. Readers who can help these veterans are DEATHS of California and United States Life Insur- urged to do so. Usually a statement is needed ance Co. in the City of New York. American in support of a VA claim. Legion Insurance Trust Fund is managed by Notices are run only at the request of William L. Windsor, Harrisburg, Pa., trustees operating under the laws of Mis- American Legion Service Officers represent- souri. No other insurance may use the full ing claimants, using Search For Witness Past Nat'l Executive Committeeman Forms available only from State Legion words "American Legion." Administered by (1952-54) and Past Dep't Cmdr (1947- The American Legion Life Insurance Divi- Service Officers. sion, P.O. Box 5609, Chicago, Illinois 60680, to 2nd Air Force: Med Det attached to 2nd AF 48). He was a WW1 veteran. which write for more details. (Las Vegas, Nev. Sept. 1941) —Need to hear from Wooten, Crocker, Williams (or Wil- liamson), Major Bradbury (Protestant Chaplain), and any other comrades who OUTFIT REUNIONS recall that George E. Robertson hurt his Reunion will be held in month indicated. back in an accident while moving an X- For particulars write person whose address machine needed stretcher to Ray and a is given. carry him to bed. Write "CD279, American Notices accepted on official forms only. Legion Magazine, 1345 Ave. of the Ameri- For form send stamped, addressed return 10019" cas, New York, N.Y. envelope to O. R. Form, American Legion 9th Inf Reg't, 93rd Bn, Co A (Fort Jackson, Magazine, 1345 Avenue of the Americas, S. Car. Dec. 2, 1946)—Need information New York, N.Y. 10019. Notices should be from Martinez, Manzanares, Jennette, 1st received at least five months before sched- Sgt Green and any other comrades who uled reunion. No written letter necessary to recall that Juan P. Ortega suffered injuries get form. to head and right eye in mess hall at lunch Earliest submission favored when volume time. Write "CD280, American Legion of requests is too great to print all. Magazine, 1345 Ave. of the Americas, New York, N.Y. 10019" ARMY 840th Eng Avn Bn Co A (?) (Kempo, Korea 1st Army, Hq & Hq Co (WW2)— (Sept) K-14 June or July 1953) —Need information Harry Ganter, 24 So. Pembroke St., from any comrades who recall accident to Wethersfield, Ct. 06109 Billy Fred Crow, who fell out of a weapons 3rd Cav Gp, 3rd & 43rd RCN Sqdns— (Sept) carrier (open top truck) when it slid off Glen Sironen, 3139 Rypens Dr. N.W., the road and down an embankment. Crow Grand Rapids, Mich. 49504 sustained a fractured spine in the accident 11th Eng (WW2)— (Sept) C. Morris, R#2, (now has arthritis in spine, also). He lay Box 771, Denver, N.C. 28037 for ten days on his back, unable to go to 13th Brigade, 1st FA Obsn Bn (WW2) sick call, then returned to work. Write (Sept) Kenneth Doenges, P.O. Box 205, "CD281, American Legion Magazine, 1345 Naperville, 111. 60540 Ave. of the Americas, New York, N.Y. 27th Div— (Sept) George Criscione, 64 10019" Green Island Ave., Latham, N.Y. 12110 Army Adv Med Tng for Ortho Tech (Med 35th Div—(Sept) Ken Townsend, 108 So. Det Sta Hosp Fort Sam Houston, Texas Central, Idabel, Okla. 74745 Apr. or May 1942) —Need to hear from De- 36th Div (WW1 & 2)—(Aug) James Minor, Coste, Gajewski and any other comrades 711 W. 7th St., Post, Tex. 79356 37th Co— (Sept) Robert Beuck, 6350 The American Legion Nat'l Guard Medal who recall Joe H. Madrid being injured by QM a psychotic patient and requiring many Oberlin Rd., Amherst, Ohio 44001 for Military Excellence was recently pre- stitches and 10 days hospitalization. Write 39th Combat Eng (WW2)— (Sept) Thomas sented by New Hampshire Dep't Cmdr "CD282, American Legion Magazine, 1345 Sweares, 122 So. Lane Dr., New White- land, Ind. 46184 Frank Bragg, Jr., to Stephen Ave. of the Americas, New York, N.Y. PFC Her- 10019" 40th Div (Korean War)— (Sept) Ed Lown, bert, Manchester, an honor graduate from 28th Div, 229th Field Art'y (Normandy July Maybrook, N.Y. 12543 43rd Div (Sept) Joseph Zimmer, State the Noncommissioned Officer School at 31, 1944) Need to hear from any comrades — — 360 Broad St., Hartford, Ct. the New Hampshire Military Academy. who recall that Clinton B. Young was Armory, wounded by shell burst during Normandy 06115 (Sept) Maj Robert Armstrong, invasion, suffering shrapnel wounds of the 45th Div— Military Cir., N.E., Oklahoma City, back, and that he was found to have a 3501 Okla. 73111 POSTS heart murmur at time of his discharge NEW 51st Chem Impregnating Co— (Sept) John physical at Fort Meade, Md., Oct. 1945. Lindenwold, Write "CD283, American Legion Magazine, Heidler, 116 W. Park Ave., The American Legion has recently 08021 1345 Ave. of the Americas, New York, N.Y. NJ chartered the following new posts: 51st Pioneer Inf (WW1)— (Sept) William 372nd Inf, Co G (Fort Dix. N.J., Fort Knox, Horning, Box 266, Kerhonkson, NY 12446 Kern River Valley Post 711, Wafford Ky. July 1941-Sept 1945)—Need informa- 70th Eng Lt Ponton Co— (Sept) David tion from Lt Evans and medical officers of Russell, 51 S. Lippincott Ave., Maple Heights, Ca.; Denver Post 1975, Den- 372nd Inf and enlisted members of 397th Shade, N.J. 08052 Trucking Co and any other comrades Marotta, ver, Colo.; Neninger Post 186, Fort QM 87th Div (WW1&2)— (Sept) Philip who recall that Louieco Mattison, Jr., ex- 67 Oswego St., Baldwinsville, NY 13027 Lauderdale, Fla.; Frank Mason Post perienced dizziness and passing out sei- 91st Div—(Aug) Bennie Schneider, Richard- zures at least once a month. Write "CD284, ton, N.D. 58652 850, Harrisburg, 111.; James Williams American Legion Magazine, 1345 Ave. of 95th Med Gt Bn— (Sept) Walter Gantz, 829 the Americas, New York, N.Y. 10019" Scranton, Pa. 18505 Post 882, Galatia, III.; James P. Hayes Palm St., AAFGS, LVAAF (Las Vegas, Nev. Oct 1944) 100th Div— (Sept) Anthony Tom, 136 Grand Memorial Post 1975, Stone Park, 111.; —Need to hear from enlisted gunner train- View Ave., Bridgeport, Ct. 06606 ees who belonged to same class and one 101st Inf, Co L (WW1)— (Sept) George Kane, Everly Post 414, Everly, Iowa; Kalama- permanent party officer, a pilot, and any 20 Circular Ave., Natick, Mass. 01760 1117 No. zoo Post 134, Kalamazoo, Mich.; Bay- other comrades who recall that Hugh J. 101st MP Bn— (Sept) John Babian, Coyle, while loading 50-cal. ammo, lifted a Baldwin Dr., No. Massapequa, NY 11758 amon Post 198, Bayamon, P.R.; Estill box and strained his back. Write "CD285, 106th Inf Reg't (WW2)— (Sept) Frank American Legion Magazine, 1345 Ave. of Dasting, 28 Area PL, Staten Island, N. Y. Hendrex Post 400, Farmersville, Tex.; the Americas, New York, N.Y. 10019" 10314

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1975 33 —

NEWS'

107th Inf (7th Reg't N.Y.)— (Sept) William NAVY Emanuel Sferios (1974), Hugh H. Sopei Peel, 7th Regiment, 643 Park Ave., New (1971) Alfred R. Strome (1974), James A. 19th Marine Inf Bn, Co (Sept) York, N.Y. 10021 B— W. Wiggen (1973) and Frank F. Clifford (1969) Sweeney, 40 Rolling Hill Dr., Fairport, 109th Eng, Co B (Aug) H. Seymour, Post 305, St. Petersburg Beach, Fla. (WW1)— 14450 601 Kiipatrick Bldg., Omaha, Neb. 68102 NY Pauline A. Brawer, Frances M. Creedeman 19tn Seabees— (Sept) Herbert McCallen, 97 113th Eng (WW1)— (Sept) Glen McCool, and Lillian M. Gregory (all 1974) Post 308, Lawr Pk Crscnt, Bronxville, N.Y. 10708 1820 E. Sycamore St., Kokomo, Ind. 46901 West Hollywood, Fla. 20tn Seabees (Sept) James Roberts, 3602 114th Evac Hosp (SM)— (Sept) Joseph Scala, — Phillip L. Hadley (1967), William J. Fron Ernest St., Jacksonville, Fla. 32205 222 White Oak Rd., Fairfield, Ct. 06430 (1970), William J. Wiedow (1971), Raymond 21st Seabees— (Sept) Tom Brown, P.O. Box 120th Inf, Co L— (Sept) Bill Williamson, F. Bemke and Erwin R. Soukup (both 1972) 151, El Dorado, Cal. 95623 P.O. Box 1446, Laurinburg, N.C. 28352 Post 76, Wheaton, 111. 38th Seabees (Sept) Norman Martinsen, 127th Inf— (Sept) Douglas Connaher 3200— — William W. Harkness, Anthony F. Morello, 10430 Greenview Dr., Oakland, Ca. 94605 22nd St., Menominee, Mi. 49858 Bernard J. Blaida, Alois E. Sheber and LSM 266— (Sept) Edward Metcalf, 2015 129th Field Art'y, Bats C & E (WW1)— Howard J. Foster (all 1975) Post 80, Airfield Lane, Midland, Mich. 48640 Downers (Sept) Myers, 5200 Harvard Ave., Grove, 111. W. LST 288 (Sept) Stephen Sudyn, Kansas City, Mo. 64133 (WW2)— Harold J. Amirault, Oscar H. Atkinson 2919 Amsdell Rd., Hamburg, 14075 132nd Gen Hosp— (Sept) John Schoeph, 907 NY (both 1970), Elza R. Bacon, William F. LST 716 (IwoJima 1945)— (Sept) Winthrop N. 18th Ave., Melrose Park, 111. 60160 Barr, Sr., and Fred H. Bartlit (all 1975) Post Hamilton, P.O. Box 244, Dover, N.H. 03820 132nd Inf Reg't (WW2) (Aug) Clarence 155, Harvey, 111. — LST Flotilla 7 (SW Pacific WW2) (Sept) Galetti, 3610 St. Paul Ave., Bellwood, 111. — J. Leonard Nelson, William A. Pyle, Cliff Peter Ruffenach, 3770 W. Broadway, Rob- 137th Inf, (Sept) Floyd Steward, Oliver Strandberg (all Post Co B (WW1)- binsdale, Minn. 55422 1975) Jersey Ave., Holton, 390, Altona, 111. McGehe, 406 New USS Ashtabula (A051, 1949-54)—(Aug) Cot- Kans. 66436 Dwight J. Wiersema (1974) Post 402, Ful- ton Marshall, Scottsboro, Ala. 139th (Sept) Dr. Harry Nagle, ton, 111. FA (WW1)— USS Boise (Sept) Warren Freeman, 634 4117 E. Washington St., Indianapolis, Ind. — W. Philip Young and Charles H. Stotz E. 61st St., Kansas City, Mo. 64110 Inf, (Sept) John Slover, RR3, (both 1975) Post 1941, La Grange, 111. 156 Co F— USS Cascade (AD16 1951-54)—(Aug) Bob Flora, 111. 62839 John W. Johnson (1975) Post 148, Fort 158th Inf (Sept) Auggie Trujillo, Croghan, 2343 Hampton, St. Louis, Mo. Wayne, Ind. (RCT)— 63139 Washington, Phoenix, Ariz. 85004 Adolph G. Rometsch, Paul A. Citro 235 E. USS Corry Dec. 1941—June 1944)— (De- 160th Inf, Co D— (Sept) Victor Peter, 4907 (463 ceased), William O. Greeves, Gilbert H. (Sept) G. Gullickson, 1909 Salk St., Vir- Holly Park Dr., Pasadena, Tex. 77505 Miller (all 1973) and Harry E. Knuffman ginia Beach, Va. 23455 163rd Inf— (Sept) Edgar Langston, Box 675, (1974) Post 20, Baltimore, Md. USS Dobbin (AD3) (Sept) Charles Johnson, Marlowton, Mont. 59036 — John F. Hale (1975) Post Hamstead, 134 4th Ave, Chula Vista, Ca. 92010 200, 164th Inf, Co I— (Sept) Rudy Beling, 304-8th Md. USS Emmons (DMS 22, DD457)— (Sept) St. No., Wahpeton, N.D. 58075 George I. Dunham, Augustus S. DeMoran- David Jensen, 87-26 259 St., Floral Park, 165th Eng Combat Bn (Sept) Harvey Mitch- ville, Clifford S. Bernier, Herman H. Fuller, — NY 11001 ell, Burlington, N.C. 27215 and Norman Guidoboni (all 1975) Post 64, Guest (DD472)— (Sept) Howard Lind- 168th Inf, Co C (WW2) (Sept) Dave USS Middleboro, Mass. — berg, 323 27th St., Pa. 15132 Newton, la. McKeesport, Gabriel Martinsen Nelson, 2002 So. 3rd Ave., USS Gunnel (SS253)— (Aug) Donald Kane. (1973), Stanley Horton 174th Inf Reg't (NYNG, Fort Dix, N.J.)— (1966) , Robert Quackenbush (1975), David 1539 Franklin Ave., Mineola, 11501 (Sept) Henry Petersen, 200 Loring Ave., NY Rigozzi (1973) and James Melarty (1973) Post USS Langley— (Sept) Paul Gibbs. 941 Buffalo, N.Y. 14214 W. 160, Bangor, Mich. St., Dixon, Ca. 95620 196th RCT, C (Korean War)— (Sept) Al "A" Lloyd Dressen and Arthur Horton (both Co USS Mount Vernon— (Sept) Phil Home, Pieper, 1515 Pine St., Yankton, S. D. 57078 1975) Post 6, Pipestone, Minn. Box 529, Newton, Mass. 02158 241st Coast Art'y HD, Bat C (WW2) Howard R. Hillman (1975) Post 16, Sedalia, USS Reid (DD369)— (Sept) Robert Sneed, (Sept) Frank Ciaccio, 107 Chelsea St., E. Mo. 1537 No. 59th St., Milwaukee, Wis. 53208 Boston, Mass. 02128 Francis M. Smith (1973) Post 46, Butler, USS 527—^Sept) Henry DeSimone, 504 246th Virginia CA— (Sept) Ray Cross, SC Mo. NG Duanc Dr., No. Tonawanda, NY 14120 1209 Kerns Ave., S. Roanoke, Va. 24015 Clarence D. Tichenor (1969) Post 122, W. USS Starr (AKA67)— (Sept) Jerry Huber, 267th QM Baking Co— (Sept) Jack Palmer, Opheim, Mont. 228 So. Ridge St., Point, Ind. 46307 1968 Middle Bellville Rd., Mansfield, O. Crown Joseph Butler, Samuel A. French, Carl M. 309th Eng & Ladies Aux (WW1)— (Sept) Frappolli, Harold R. Hirshblond and Fran- Leonard Davis, 1456 Loretta Dr., Indian- AIR cis A. Kappel (all 1975) Post 11, Mount apolis, Ind. 46227 22nd Air Depot Supply Sqd— (Sept) Robert Holly, N.J. Harold D. Buckley 327th Field Art'y (WW1)— (Sept) Tracy Jess, 101 \'z E. Gibson St., Canandiagua, (1963), Harry Ham- Tackett, 322 N. Madison St., Taylorville, NY 14424 mond (1972), Sidney R. Milburn (1963), Edw. 111. 62568 85th Depot Repair Sqdn— (Sept) Perry Pat- J. Nessman, Sr. (1962) and Edw. Simmons 351st Inf, Mach Gun Co— (Sept) Roy Over- ton, 925 San Benito Rd., Berkley, Ca. (1967) Post 174, Wayne, N.J. myer, Fontanelle, Iowa 50846 94707 David M. Anderson (1975) Post 118, Rio 437th MP Escort Gd Co (WW2)— (Aug) Joe 138th Aero Sqdn (WW1)— (Sept) Joseph Rancho, N.M. Allan, 6820 Gulick Rd., RD #3, Naples, Lafond, 321 Charles St., Woodburn, Ore. Frank Freleigh, August Dusseux, Vahan NY 97071 Dukemejian, Ralph W. Darling and Irving 485th Combat Eng Bn— (Sept) A. Isring- 324th Serv Sqdn— (Sept) Albert Hicks, 5945 R. Addis (all 1974) Post 417, Setauket, N.Y. hausen, 516 W. Pearl St., Jerseyville, 111. Hines Circle, Lynchburg, Va. 24502 George J. Butman, Earl J. McGuirk (both 62052 343rd Ftr Sqdn (WW2)— (Sept) R. Pinson, no dates), Winthrop P. Robinson and Joseph 531st Eng Shore Reg't, 1st Spec Brigade 721 Cypress Dr., Surfside Beach, SC 29577 V. VonRonne (both 1975) Post 1040, Delmar, (Sept) Richard Ready, 84 Selwyn St., 454th Bomb Sqdn (M)— (Sept) Charles Jar- N.Y. Roslindale, Mass. 02131 rett, Rte 13, Box 460, Salisbury, N.C. 28144 Walter Schwarzer (1975) Post 1122, Yonk- 533rd AA Bn— (Aug) L. Thompson, 3824 1255th Air Trans Cmd (Atar, Mauritania, ers, N.Y. S.W. 12th St., Des Moines, Iowa 50315 W. Africa)— (Sept) Herbert Marteney, Sr., Harry Lieberman (1975) Post 1323, Brook- 539th QM Salvage Repair Co— (Aug) Theo- Du Bois, Neb. 68345 lyn, N.Y. dore Sykes, 5807 Warwick Rd., Parma, Airlift— (Sept) Earl Schmeling, P.O. Box Liston Grider (1968), Melvin Peterson, Ohio 44129 1176, Jacksonville, Ar. 72076 L.F. Ritterman and A.N. Sebelius (all 1973) 555th AAA AW Bn, Bat C— (Sept) Joe Glider Pilots (WW2)— (Sept) Tipton Ran- Post 268, York, N.D. Lowe, 2306 So. 50th, Kansas City, Kans. dolph, 136 W. Main St., Freehold, NJ George Lemley (1975) and Franklin A. 558th Ord HM Co (Tank)— (Sept) Charles Stearman Fly-in— (Sept) Ted McCullough, Schlanz (1974) Post 77, Neffs, Ohio Raksanyi, Jr., 8142 Van Buren St., Mun- 1215 Monroe St., Galesburg, 111. 61401 Fred H. Koch (1969), Harold W. Burdue, ster, Ind. 46321 Henry F. Makruski, Jr. (both 1970) and 710th Tank Bn— (Sept) Michael Mezzacappa, MISCELLANEOUS Lawrence E. Holm (1975) Post 197, So. Am- 22 Andrews St., Staten Island, NY 10305 herst, Ohio 713th MP Bn— (Sept) William Fegley, 104 Mount Vernon (WW2)— (Sept) Alfred Wood- Lyle L. Frederick, Sr., Floyd Richert, Ern- Undercliff Ct., Ridgewood, NJ 07450 ward, 5411 E. 87th St., Kansas City, Mo. est Falb, Luman P. Cranz and Walter Carl- 719th Rwy Oper Bn (WW2)— (Sept) Rodney son (all 1975) Post 473, Copley, Ohio Runsteen, 12620 W. Dodge Rd., Omaha, Ted A. Brice, Verne E. Brice, Leonard B. Neb. 68154 LIFE MEMBERSHIPS Brown, William F. Caldwell and Carl S. 721st Eng Depot (Sept) Clayton Steffen, Carlson (all 1975) Post 101, Portland, Ore. Co— The award of a life membership to a Le- 5935 Monks Rd., Canandiagua, NY 14424 Philip Weidner (1975) Post 395, Kingston, gionnaire by his Post is a testimonial by Pa. 728th Amphib Tractor Bn—(Aug) Harold those best that has served who know him he Kenneth Olson, Arthur Masterson (both McCoy, 139 E. Auburndale, Youngstown, The American Legion well. O. 44507 1975) Post 15, Greenwich, R.I. Below are listed some of the previously 728th Ord Co & 103rd QM, Co E— (Aug) Ernest W. Stavely, Wiley Barnes, Jr., Al- unpublished life membership Post awards Frank Linn, 210 E. Middle St., Gettys- fred E. Boone. Preston Cook Samuel D. that have been reported to the editors. They and burg, Pa. 17325 Dillon (all 1974) Post Erin, Tenn. are arranged by States or Departments. 54, 741st Eng—(Aug) Roy Gabbert, 301 N. Charles R. Bice and Malcolm R. Bice (both Market St., W. Union, Ohio 45693 Thomas G. Barnhill (1975) Post 26, Annis- 1975) Post 148, Elmo, Tenn. ton, Ala. 751st Tank Bn (M)— (Sept) Emery Lutch, Wade J. David, E. Alvin Lyle, August D. L. 18532 Hunt Rd., Strongsville, O. 44136 Homer M. Bail (1968), Burr Belden Meyer, Manuel Seigel and Victor F. Soupup 775th (Sept) Walter Carroll, (1967), Max Berman, H.M. Burck (both 1973) FA Bn (WW2)— (all 1975) Post 17, Richmond, Va. R#l, Bx 244, Anderson. Ind. 46011 and Fred Bostwick (1967) Post 14, San Ber- nardino, William Bartlett (1972) Post 46, Benwood, 776th Field Art'y Bn (WW2)— (Sept) Walter Ca. W. Va. Peternell, 4162 Bridlewood Dr., Akron, Francis W. Burnett (1975) Post 335, South Ohio 44321 Gate. Ca. Emmitt Williams (1975) Post 455, Milwau- 787th Eng Petroleum Dist Co— (Sept) Melvin Camillo DeGregorio, Albert W. Fosdick, kee, Wis. 3012 51st St., Kansas City, Henry Dickey, Clifford E. Gray and Ken- Williams, No. W. Life Memberships are accepted for pub- Kans. 66104 neth H. Greely (all 1975) Post 564, Santa lication only on an official form, which we 803rd Chem Co— (Aug) Joseph Mager, 30654 Clara Ca provide. Reports received only from Com- La., 48092 Robert H. Brooks, Walter L. Hillyer, Mel- Dell Warren, Mich. mander, Adjutant or Finance Officer of Post 901st Eng, (Sept) George Ber- ville Howard, Mario A. Malnati and William AF Hq Co— which awarded the life membership. man, 198 Minerva St., Derby, Conn. 06418 Pfanensmith (all 1975) Post 128, Niantic, 1590th Ord Sup & Maint Co, Avn Team C Conn. They may get form by sending stamped, self-addressed return envelope to: (WW2)— (Sept) Allen Streeter, 6316 E. George F. Foster and John F. Beausang Kearney Dr., Saginaw, Mich. 48603 (both 1974) Post 30, New Castle, Del. "L.M. Form, American Legion Magazine, McCaw Gen Hosp.— (Sept), McCaw Reunion William Beardall (1975) Post 19, Orlando, 1345 Avenue of the Americas, New York, Com. 4514 SE Woodward. Portland, Ore. Fla. N.Y. 10019." Old 3rd Oregon (162nd Inf)— (Sept) Fred John Moldovan, Arthur R. Tiller and On a corner of the return envelope write Peterson, 2024 NE 37th Ave., Portland, Helen S. Waite (all 1975) Post 222, Ft. Lau- the number of names you wish to report. Ore. 97212 derdale, Fla. No written letter necessary to get forms.

34 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1975 ;

CONTINUED FROM PAGE 16 lated services, marketing outlets bor and railroad facilities are also SPOTLIGHT ON INDONESIA must come into being—all integrated needed for the mill. Thus the jobs to serve the particular needs of the it will eventually make are still well ing labor force was cut to a tenth of bigger, more visible installations in in the future. what it had been. By Western stan- the most economical fashion. The need for all the lesser facili- dards, this was great progress. But Such things take time, and perhaps ties has swelled the capital cost of it put millions of farm hands out of as much or more capital as the main industrialization far beyond the cost work, to flock to the cities—where plants. of the main facilities, and created there was no work for which they Developing the most economical financial difficulties that were not could qualify. transportation of materials from wholly anticipated. The Suharto government made their raw state to finished products, Meanwhile, the political impact of real strides in its efforts to get heavy ready for market, poses a particu- the long delay in realizing the ulti- industry going and start developing larly difficult problem in a land mate rewards of the industrial effort more of the natural resources. In where the best sites for various now endanger the strength and sta- raw figures, a lot has been accom- phases of the same industry may be bility of Suharto's government, and plished. The trouble is that the start hundreds of water miles apart. hence the national security. was from close to zero. Ten years There is a 3,000-foot fall in a few Though economic growth is now at simply isn't enough. In 1966, the new government set out to exploit the natural wealth and mineral resources, and build an industrial base, leaning heavily on Western and Japanese investment and technology. By 1974, European, American and Japanese firms had pledged $3.6 billion of investment, not counting oil development, for which figures aren't available. Until recently, this effort had broad popular support. Today, Indonesia's Gross National Product is $20 billion, which is ro- bust by the standards of developing nations. The country has roughly another $20 billion worth of major projects underway (and all eager for foreign money) in various stages of planning and development. These projects propose to put billions into development of liquified natural gas; nickel mining; steel works ; fertilizer production making ; "Kissinger makes concessions, Brezhnev makes of chemicals derived from petroleum concessions—why can't you make concessions?" further exploration, development and THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE refining of petroleum; coal mining; bauxite mining and the refining of aluminum it, from and electric power miles of the Asahan River in northern a healthy annual rate of 9%, less and production. What could be the Sumatra, a fine source of power for less of the national wealth is avail- world's biggest copper mine is being an aluminum refining smelter. With able to the population in general developed by Freeport Sulfur on New Japanese help, a dam, a hydroelec- during the investment and building Guinea. Two prospective nickel mines tric plant and an alumina smelter are process. The billions from the sale on Celebes and Gay Island are said being built there to the tune of $500 of Indonesia's oil have been absorbed to be "spectacular." million. in good part by the heavy industrial But except for oil, few of these But the original bauxite ore will go projects. To that extent they have activities are yet producing new through the first refining step into failed to help ease the immediate wealth, they are still absorbing it. alumina ingots on western Borneo, wants of the population. The great Indonesia is one of many develop- which is more centrally located in re- unemployment among former farm ing nations to struggle with the near lation to ore deposits. The ingots will workers, coupled with envy of the impossibility of instant industrializa- then have to be shipped to Sumatra rising prosperity of those whom tion. for the final refining near the best the new developments have bene- You can throw all up the big fac- power source. Nearer power sources fited, has seen the early mass en- tories, mining facilities, mills, re- sufficient for the purpose are not yet thusiasm for Suharto's program fineries, smelters, etc. that you can in existence. The process is costly, switch to a growing discontent. In borrow money to build. But the re- time-consuming and complex, but the the last two years it has erupted in wards must await development of an 1,500 mile separation is typical of the first large scale protest and enormous "infrastructure" of lesser many Indonesian economic develop- violence since the end of the Sukarno things, which develop naturally in ments. regime. a nation whose industrialization A steel mill is under construction The fact is that the social struc- evolves instead of being forced. in Chilligan in West Java, to be ture is coming apart under the im- Roads, railroads, pipelines, power- fired with natural gas. The gas pipe- pact of new technology. Cities have lines, harbors, communications, re- line is not yet built, while new har- (Continued on page 36)

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1975 35 —

CONTINUED strating for two months against ORDER SPOTLIGHT ON INDONESIA government corruption, high unem- DIRECT ployment and foreign domination of bulged and buckled under the influx the economy. Tanaka symbolized the from latter, of landless peasants with no skills and student protest focussed him. First, and no jobs on which to learn them. on 150 students carrying anti-Tanaka Jakarta, the capital, was a sleepy posters overturned Japa- nese-built cars slashed their tires. city of less than 500,000 when WW2 and Soon thousands of jobless peasants Send Today For ended. Today, its population is nearly took to the streets, five million, and would have been a making Tanaka a million higher now had the govern- virtual prisoner in the presidential MONROE palace during his stay. Catalog ment not declared it a "closed city" At the riot's height, more than THE in 1970—cutting the flow of peasants MONROE COMPANY 100,000 people stormed through the 69 Church St., Colfax, Iowa 500S4 from 200,000 a year to 16,000. city. ignored Inflation became devastating in the They American and European things, but burned Japa- 1970's, reaching the 50% rate for a while last year before "stabilizing" Huge savings on tiny, all-in- at 30%. The government hopes to the-ear, behind the ear, eye- glass and body models. New hold the rate to 18% this year. Un- space age models are so tiny is in to and well concealed your clos- employment the 30% 40% est friends may never even range. Prospects for reducing it soon notice. FREE HOME TRIAL. Low as $10 monthly. Money are bleak, given the steady growth back guarantee. If your doctor recommends you use a hearing of the population. aid, ask him about Prestige aids. Jakarta symbolizes the contrasts. Write today for free catalog and confidential booklet. PRESTIGE, Dept. D-91, Box 10947, Houston, Tex. 77018. It is a bustling city of affluence sur- rounded by misery. Glass and con- Make Rubber Stamps for BIG PAY crete office buildings soar up to 30 Need more money? Earn $60-$76 stories high. Streets are jammed a week, spare time, at home making rubberstamps for offices, fac- with Fiats, Datsuns and Hondas. TV tories, individuals. Hundreds of uses. Hundreds of prospects— ev- sets, air conditioners and other ap- erywhere. Right in your own com- munity. Turn out special stamps for pliances are available in stores. A names, addresses, notices, prices, etc., in minutes with table-top machine. We quarter of Indonesia's cars run in & furnish everything and help finarte you. at ? lees than bank ratea. Write for f-ee facts. No salesman will call. Jakarta, the city has 30% of the Rubber Stamp Div., 1512 Jarvis, Dept. R-8-EJ, Chicago 60626 nation's phones and 60% of all cur- BASEMENT TOILET rency in circulation. Yet there are probably less than half a million Flushes up to existing sewer or septic tank by powerful, self-contained people who are so "rich" that they pump operated by normal water all pressure. No digging up floors. Clog earn $50 a week or more. For the resistant, easily installed. Make 600-odd new industries that have basement into game room, den, apartment with private bath. Financing available. been launched by foreign, private Write for free literature. Dealer inquiries invited. and government efforts in recent "If you won't marry me, Agnes, would SANDERS, Dept. J -17 , Box 921C2, Houston, Tx 77206. years at a cost of nearly $1 billion, you at least help me get back up?" cm FIND BURIED TREASURE! they probably did not add more than THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE 156,000 jobs a drop in the DETECTS COINS, RINGS, GOLD, new — Dealers bucket of the unemployed.

' , . ._ .ted Send for FREE Catal The first people who made money white's electronics, inc. off of the new boom were the "over- nese cars at curbside and crashed Dept. AC5H rnoneph 1011 Pleasant Valley Rd seas" Chinese. With their expertise in into the Astra Toyota agency, where Sweet Home Oregon 97386 (503) 367-2138 commerce, they were the closest they destroyed the entire stock of things to business associates for the automobiles. Chinese-owned shops Westerners moving in to develop the were sacked and looted, Japanese- ^^.VV EAT CUTT IN raw nation. They got along well with made goods were smashed. A huge the Japanese and the Americans, but mob surged toward the President Ho- Train quickly in 8 ehort weeks at Toledo for a bright future with security in the vital meat business. Big pay. full-time jobs much less well with the native Indo- tel, a popular hostel for visiting Jap- HAVE A PROFITABLE MARKET OF YOUR OWN I Time payment plan available. Diplo- nesians. anese businessmen. Guests watched , ma given. Job help. Thousands of suc- cessful graduates. OUR 52nd YEAR! Send NOW for big new illustrated FREE catalog. No obligation. In the late summer of 1973, a car fearfully from their windows as riot G.l. approved. NATIONAL SCHOOL OF MEAT CUTTING No. 0197T Dept. A-93 Toledo. Ohio 43604 driven by a Chinese knocked over an police hurled back wave after human Indonesian pedicab in Bandung. All wave. The riots lasted for two days the pent-up hostility against the and left only ten dead, largely be- more prosperous Chinese erupted at cause troops refused to fire into the Help yourself once. The unemployed went on a riot mobs. with a Checkup of looting Chinese shops. The Suharto As the post-mortems began, the and others with government ignored the signal, blam- government realized the rioters had a Check ing the disturbance on a plot, prob- made a number of points it would ably communist. But after a more have to confront. The Japanese AMERICAN serious riot shook Jakarta in Jan- "commercial invasion" had been a ©CANCER uary 1974, the message could no target, but only one of many. Indo- longer be ignored. nesians resented the Chinese, their SOCIETY It was triggered by a visit of then own luxury-loving generals, and Japanese Prime Minister Kakuei widespread government corruption Tanaka. Students had been demon- (Continued on page 38)

36 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1975 . . I

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The man in clusion of American and Western gfe $500.00 per week using "BINGO KING" supplies European "imperialists." But the and FREE Idea Bulletins. Write for FREE catalog the street found Japanese business- wet and details on raising money for your Organiza- men rude and arrogant. "Do they grievances are ready-made for red t tion. really have to have their Japa- manipulation. A handful of the old PLEASE GIVE NAME OF ORGANIZATION. own nese barber shops in Jakarta?" one PKI still lives in Red China, and disgruntled official asked. Peking has sent it "fraternal greet- Dept. All-981, Box 2588, LITTLETON, COLO. 80120 Indonesians were maddened by the ings," including the message that ostentatious luxury of some of their while the Indonesian "revolution" DON'T QUIT SMOKING own leaders generals who tore before giving my pipe a 30 Day Trial — around Jakarta in Rolls Royces, or the wedding one of them arranged that lasted for two weeks and featured dance bands imported at great cost from Europe. My now principlo contradicts every idea you've Suharto and his ministers decided ever had about pipe smokina. I guarantee it to smoke cool and mild hour alter hour, day after day, without rest, without bite, on a two-pronged approach to the bitterness or sludge. To prove it, I'll let you test smoke a Carey Pipe for 30 days. Write today for FREE trial offer. new situation. One was clearly re- E. A. Corey, Dept. 246K, 3932 N. Kilpafrick, Chicago, 111.60641 pressive. Some newspapers were QUICK! BIG PAY! closed down. 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Aids natural healing. luxury. Generals who bought into Relied on by millions for dependable eye local business or acted as brokers "I don't want a lot of loud and abusive comfort. Insist on genuine LAVOPTIK Eye for foreign interests, mainly Japa- talk out of your poker friends tonight. Wash with eye cup included, at your druggist. African Violet is about Satisfaction guaranteed or your money back. nese, were told to sell out. The gov- ... My to become a mother." ernment rewrote its "five year plan" Big opportunities. Big prof- THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE its. Earn quickly. Full or to refocus it on improving the lot of 0CK part time. Learn at home, the rural poor. New stress was put L it's easy. Do real jobs: All EARNIN WHILE Tools — Materials Sup- on industries that might provide im- has suffered temporary setbacks, it YOU LEARN plied. Accredited member mediate jobs. will triumph in the end. NHSC. Lie. State of Sand (or NJ- Appd. for Vet. Send name At the same time, the government Civilian leaders in Indonesia know FREE BOOK i""1 address for FREE book. set out to provide special credits for that they cannot defend themselves Locksmithing Institute, Dept. 1221-085 Div. Technical Home Study Schools, Little Falls, N.J. 07424 native Indonesian enterprises and to alone against Red China, nor even restrict new foreign small business against an overt attack on them by investment to joint ventures with North Vietnam. FLUSHES UP non-Chinese Indonesians. Unhappily, They like to think of forming a to sewer or septic tank there are still too few Indonesians Southeast Asian Alliance that would no digging up floors. who have the know-how to go in include Hanoi, for mutual protection business as full partners. against China. Albeit Hanoi is com- WRITE , . . McPHERSON, INC The major question for the last munist, she doesn't love Red China BOX 15133«TAMPA, FLA. 33684 year-and-a-half has been whether the any more than Red China loves the new approach has struck the right Soviet Union. balance to permit the Suharto gov- The Indonesian army looks on this ernment to build a stable, workable as a proposal to invite the fox into GIVE... political system. the chicken coop, and favors a more The 1973 and 1974 riots made one hostile attitude toward North Viet- will live so more thing clear. The government does not nam. have as much time as it thought to None of the alternatives are very HEART stabilize the nation and deal with its attractive. What Indonesia needs problems. The fall of Vietnam may most of all is more time to gather FUND have reduced that time span even her own internal strength. How much more. time she will get, and how much she v. Suharto remains worried about a will need, is the big question in more resurgence of the PKI. The kinds of capitals than Jakarta. end

38 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1975 ) .

CONTINUED FROM PAGE 24 THOSE MAGNIFICENT CLIPPER FLYING BOATS roomy berths more than six feet with asparagus hollandaise and sev- long." eral other fresh vegetables, alligator Pressurized cabins were still things pear salad and petit fours for des- of the future. Chewing gum was sert. Only one thing sounds familiar. handed out to help passengers' ears Then, as now, he had a choice of pop as the planes gained altitude. coffee, tea or milk. The flying boats got along splendidly "Dinner finished," a Literary Di- Top Merlite Dealers with simple vents that "automati- gest reporter said, "the passengers prove it's possible! cally cleaned and heat-regulated" the amuse themselves as comfortably as air at their cruising altitudes, "a if they were passing the evening in They report cash boon for the asthmatic and the eas- some cloud-scraped penthouse. They earnings of $25.00 ily chilled." And the bathrooms . . . enjoy brandy, play gin rummy, chess, ...$50.00... yes, well, they weren't mere one-holers bridge, do crossword puzzles, read." even $100.00 AND and Another traveler recalls his flight. but real bathrooms, Ladies MORE from just one Gents, with king-size lavatories, "There is a heavy slap-slap of waves hour of easy spare-time work! Their dressing tables, full-length mirrors, on the bottom of the ship as it be- "secret"? They show SELL-0N-SIGHT and hot and cold running water. gins to take off. The windows are Merlite Jewelry to friends and custom- Indeed, the interiors of the Clip- blotted out with green-white sheets pers were in the grand manner of of water and suddenly the plane is ers - and earn a 200% PROFIT on the lie de France and Mauretania up. Slowly the angry, urgent roar of every effortless sale! ocean liners—bars and lounges, club the engines changes to a deep, con- Imagine a business you can go into without special chairs and smoking stands, prome- tented thrum-thrum-thrum. There training or experience ... a business that doesn't nade walkways, drapes and carpets are always innumerable meals being require a penny's investment ... a business you can literally carry in your pocket—BUT a business and polished hardwood paneling. The served: coffee and sugar buns on the that our better Dealers report has paid them PROFITS sea-going heritage even shaped the dawn takeoffs, fruit and sandwiches as high as $25.00 to $100.00 in a single spare-time hour! language of aviation. Floors became at 9, hotdogs or soup at 11. A mam- Impossible? Not at all! Just mail the coupon below, decks. Walls were bulkheads. Bells moth buffet luncheon is served be- and we'll get YOU started in this amazing business marked the time. A captain com- tween 12 and 3. We had a great one week from today! Merlite Industries, a fa- first until manded the plane, assisted by a dinner and then played cards mous name in Direct Selling officer and crew members—the radio we got tired. Then we undressed in for 28 years, has assembled an incomparable collection of operator, flight engineer, a navigator our own compartments and climbed the world's most beautiful jew- and stewards. There was "aft" and into the beds—not bunks, beds—and ery: rings, watches, earrings, "forward" for rear and front. Seats slept all night. It was the most luxu- pendants, crosses, gift items. There are over 400 popular flight were port and starboard. The planes rious airplane I ever went on." men's and women's styles in made knots instead of miles per It was too good to last—and it all . . . priced to sell and sell FAST at just to hour. The fabled word "clipper" was didn't. $6.00 $84.00! JUST SHOW ... AND SELL! a natural in this world of part ship, On Clipper Flight No. M-29, be- It's YOUR chance to make a bundle of extra money! part plane. tween the Azores and Lisbon on Sep- Just show Merlite Jewelry to folks you know — friends, neighbors, rela- "If you liked to dream big, you tember 3, 1939, the radio operator tives — and we'll give you a sen- could imagine yourself relaxing in received a message from the Pan Am sational TWO HUNDRED PERCENT the de luxe compartment or bridal terminal in Portugal: "Chamberlain PROFIT on every Merlite item they buy from you! When someone buys a suite, as the press called it, furnished announced that state of war exists $15.00 ring, YOU keep $10.00! When with a loveseat, an occasional chair, between England and Germany." someone buys a $24.00 pendant, YOU keep $16.00! a combination dressing table and Pan Am promptly refused to sell It's as simple as that! Just show our jewelry, write up the orders, and put your profit in your pocket! And writing desk, a private washstand tickets "to anyone connected with we do mean "show." Don't even try to sell Merlite and mirrors," one old traveler re- the armed forces of belligerent na- Jewelry — because it isn't necessary! You'll quickly find that these gorgeous creations really do sell fondly. The Boeing Clip- tions" and painted large American out members themselves — on sight — wherever you show them! drinking fountains flags the undersides of pers also boasted on bows and SEND FOR FREE PROFIT OUTFIT on the passenger deck and catwalks the Clippers to identify them as neu- Best of all, you can get going through the massive wings that at- tral aircraft over European waters. in this fantastically lucrative business for the price of a post- lowed the engineer to inspect and In November, shortly after inspec- age stamp! Just mail the coupon, service the engines in flight. tors at Port Washington began and we'll rush you EVERYTHING you need to start making money The Hotel Yorker catered the searching all baggage for contraband New NOW: 40-page, full-color Customer Presentation Cata- food for the Atlantic run, which a of war, Congress passed the Neutral- logue, detailed Profit Manual, Ring Sizer, Wholesale steward took from the on-board re- ity Act. This placed Ireland within Order Forms, Bonus Profit Plan, and much, much more! There's no charge or obligation, nothing to return . . frigerator and prepared on electric the combat zone—and out of bounds so mail the coupon TODAY! stoves in the galley. But he didn't for U. S. ships and aircraft. The serve it on individual plastic trays, Clippers had to fly the Southern MERLITE INDUSTRIES, INC. Dept. 200H I pitched about like latter-day Fris- route exclusively to neutral Portugal, 114 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10011 bees. In that more civilized era, where Lisbon quickly became the SOUNDS GOOD! Rush me everything I need to get passengers had their meals in aerial escape hatch for Europe. Over- started - FREE and without obligation! courses in a dining salon. They ate night, the frightened rich and the MR. MRS. MISS from china with silverware at tables homeless poor alike flocked to Pan NAME covered with starched white linen Am ticket counters with their life ADDRESS and always a vase of fresh flowers at savings, fighting to book space to CITY one end. An inveterate traveler still America. As one man said, "The clip- STATE ZIP remembers a typical menu : highballs pers meant freedom, and countless IN CANADA: M0PA CO., LTD.. 371 DOWD ST. before dinner, followed by shrimp refugees prayed and hoped their MONTREAL 12S, QUEBEC cocktail, turtle soup, filet mignon (Continued on page JfO

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1975 3g —

CONTINUED the military as surely as any draftee. THOSE MAGNIFICENT CLIPPER FLYING BOATS The Clippers performed yeoman's service during the war years, mak- names would be on the next con- was one hour out of Honolulu on a ing hundreds of urgent flights. They firmed passenger list." Pan Am flight to Singapore when Capt. Lanier rushed blood plasma and bullets to upped its schedule to four flights a Turner received a coded message or- the fighting fronts and returned week, but the waiting lists grew om- dering him to change course. He home with full loads of wounded, inously longer when the Nazis took landed at Hilo, about 200 miles south- and vital, rare raw materials—crude over most of Western Europe in east of Honolulu, and learned the rea- rubber, beryllium, mica—for war 1940. son for the turnaround. Pearl Harbor plants. One special flight delivered Priority now went to war tech- was under attack. desperately needed tank parts and nicians, diplomatic couriers, military Earlier that day, the Philippine ammunition to the British in Egypt officials and foreign correspondents. Clipper was moored at Wake when just in time for the Battle of El Ala- "There have been some strange pas- Japanese ships attacked the island. mein, the first major defeat of the senger lists," an observer remarked. She took a few bullets in her hull, and "Desert Fox," German Field Marshal "For instance, a number of French- when the quick raid was over she Erwin Rommel. Another Clipper took men and a contingent of German sailors glowering at one another on the same plane from Horta, but making no trouble. At the end of the run the Frenchmen tipped the stewards; the Germans lined up in formation on the ramp dock and rewarded their caretakers with the Nazi salute." All of which led Life to note that "since last September, the Clippers have been the best international club in the world. Dues are high ($395 one way) and there is excellent con- versation in three or four languages, but the only scary thing about a Clipper trip, for an American, is the sensation of going aboard in New York, floating in the sky for a bare 23 hours and stepping out on a con- tinent flaming with war." The war did seem remote from the air. About the only glimpse of it was "Now remember, the best way to keep out of an occasional sighting of long, me trouble is to keep me busy eatin' and drinkin' stuff!" destroyer-flanked convoys steaming THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE for England with lend-lease material. In fact, a steward wrote, "upper-class scooped up an overload of Pan Am FDR to and from the Casablanca British women still sniff upon dis- personnel and headed for Midway Conference in Morocco in 1943, the covering that there is no stewardess to find that it had been shelled earlier. first over-ocean air flight for an aboard to lay out their evening She refueled and flew on to Hawaii American President. But the Army's clothes for dinner. They dress for to find Pearl Harbor still burning. new landplane, the C-54 (the DC-4 dinner any way, and so do their con- The Pacific Clipper, outward bound in laymen's jargon), soon came along sorts, as they would if the Queen from San Francisco to Auckland, New with its greater speed and stole much Mary were going anywhere these Zealand, got the word to fly home on of the war loads away from the fly- days." a long detour—to New York via Aus- ing boats. Relegated to second place, Some Americans were equally tralia, India, Africa and across the the Clippers did odd jobs. One oblivious that time was running out. South Atlantic to Brazil before head- brought back a captured Nazi 88-mm. One man wanted to fly his fa- ing north once more. The 34,500-mile anti-tank cannon from Africa for vorite race horse back from Paris. trek was the longest flight yet by a ballistics analysis. Their long cruis- A Long Island sportsman and 14 commercial airliner, but aviation rec- ing range often made it possible to friends were willing to ante up $5,000 ords no longer made the news. avoid hazardous areas and enemy apiece to fly to Montevideo, Uru- Pan Am had nine of the Boeing attacks by merely flying the long guay, for a bird's-eye view of war at flying boats on its Pacific and Atlan- way around, if speed was not of the sea when the German pocket battle- tic runs when the United States went essence. ship, Graf Spee, was expected to try to war and Sec'y of War Henry Stim- Still, the big boats had racked up to break through a blockade of Brit- son requisitioned all commercial air- an enviable record when V-J Day ish warships. Pan Am turned down craft for military service. (Boeing brought peace again. Not one was both requests. Other people with had built 12, but the British bought destroyed or damaged in combat, money simply headed for the Pacific, three in early 1941 for military pas- though several were lost in mishaps. where the air hotels on Midway, senger service between England and The Yankee Clipper crashed and Wake and Guam proved to be popu- Baltimore.) Some of ours went to sank after digging its port wingtip lar resorts for an extended vacation. the USAAF as C-98s, some to the into the water while landing at Lis- Then time ran out there, too, and all Navy as B-314s. Pan Am crews con- bon in February 1943. Twenty-four romance vanished abruptly from tinued to fly them, but the once- USO performers died in the disaster. travel. glistening silver boats were now a For severely injured singing star, On Dec. 7, 1941, the Anzac Clipper dull wartime gray and belonged to Jane Froman, there followed an epic

40 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1975 — —

struggle to rebuild her career. That almost succeeded. The Strat, accord- Amazing Mini-Vae flight was the Yankee Clipper's 241st ing to one air buff, had "a wondrous transatlantic crossing. In the Pacific, spaciousness that its cluttered war- PUMP the Honolulu Clipper crushed her time configuration of tight squeezes Pumps Water Out bow and tore off a wing during an and bomb-bay tunnels had effectively or In by the TON emergency landing when two motors concealed." There were curtained failed. The Navy flattop, Manila portholes, berths and a downstairs Bay, rescued the crew and passen- bar complete with a white-coated gers, but it took 1,300 rounds of 20- bartender and "a long, curving divan Gets mm. shells to sink the floating dere- that held 12 or 14 martini fanciers Rid of Water lict. comfortably." Some people claim the anywhere, Instantly: In 1943, the Philippine Clipper Strat was probably the last lovable Homes, Pools rammed into a hill in California airplane. Maybe so. But she lumbered Boats, Farm, while making a landing approach in along and getting there was no Cabins. dense fog. All aboard were lost, in- longer fun or even half the fun. The Pumps up to 350 gallons (IVs tons) per hour . . . lifts water 20 feet . . . pushes water 50 feet high. cluding the Navy's top submarine traveling public only wanted to get Just plug into any electrical outlet and it's ready to use. It will drain or empty flooded basements, boats, staff in the Pacific. there—the sooner, the better. pools, sumps, tanks, silo pits etc. Or in reverse it will water gardens, fill pools, fill a boat's water supply, etc. Everything complete in one kit. Built to com- Pan Am got back the remaining When jets made flights so much mercial professional standards. Instant self-priming pump. Stainless steel wear plates, glass fiber rein- Clippers at war's end. But with war- shorter in time, crowding and dis- forced case, rock rubber impeller. System Includes air cooled motofj six-foot heavy-duty ground cord, inspired development of fast land- comfort were more acceptable as a two- suction and discharge hoses, brass retainer, etc. Ten year replacement plan guarantee. $39.95 plus planes and surplus airfields all over price to pay for quicker trips. The $3.00 PP. and Hdlg. the world, the day of the B-314 trouble, as one old-timer has said, is and of all flying boats—was drawing that the jet "is the airborne equiva- FLAT TIRE! to a close. The Capetown Clipper lent of the subway to Coney Island Million made the last Atlantic crossing in a utility, not an institution; unloved miles December 1945. The last Clipper yet tolerated for the destinations it from flight of all terminated in San Fran- serves." nowhere and your cisco on Apr. 8, 1946, when the Pa- Clare Boothe Luce predicted as spare has cific Clipper splashed down from much. "Fifty years from now," she no air! Honolulu. Few noticed or cared. A wrote in 1941, "people will look back spanking landplane, the L-49 What would you give to have your own compressor that new on a Clipper flight as the most ro- works off your cigarette lighter? AUTO-FLATOR, 6V2" Constellation, had landed only a few mantic voyage in history." And she's long, produces amazing 60 lbs. pressure! Pumps any size tire in minutes. Inflates spacesaver spare, air- hours before from Honolulu. right. A Clipper had a personality of jacks, rafts, air mattresses, pools, etc. Operates on 12-volt system in auto, trailer, truck or boat. Complete Later efforts to retrieve the Clip- its own ; it had a certain style. None with 10-ft. air hose, inflator attachments and plug. pers' former glory with ever larger of today's big jets with their physi- 10 day money- $32'^** back guarantee. (plus $1.50 shipping) flying boats hardly made a ripple. cal sameness and efficiency have it. Howard Hughes built his all-ply- For its time, the Clipper was an ele- Split-Image Transit wood "Spruce Goose," an eight- gant operation, a kind of combina- The Most Revolutionary engine monster with a wingspan of tion airplane, cruise ship, hotel and LEVEL & INCLINE 320 feet. It made one brief test flight, restaurant. It was the great tradition MEASURE then was mothballed. The British ac- of Pullman service carried to the air- Ever Made! tually launched three superboats borne ultimate, a wonderful bird—at IDEAL FOR: called the "Princess," each with ten home in the air or on the water. Contour Plowing Carpentry engines and two passenger decks, but Above all, the Clipper had roman- Brick Laying they never saw commercial service. Cement Work tic appeal. Watching one of those Surveying, etc. Time had just moved too fast. magnificent flying boats take off or $11.95 plus $1.25 pp.

Like hand-me-downs, the once- land in a newsreel set the heart This simple yet amazingly accurate instrument indicates level and measure incline down to fraction an inch. Makes bubble type or proud Clippers passed to the non- a of pounding. It was impossible to be- string levels obsolete. It not only indicates level, but shows exactly sked airlines. Two were cannibalized lieve that a Clipper flight was not how much correction is needed. Just one person, using the split- image transit and target supplied with it can perform any levelling, for spare parts, one crashed and always filled with excitement and in- incline-measuring job quickly, easily, accurately—measure inclines down to the thinness of a dime at 25 feet. sank on a flight to Bermuda, the rest trigue. Perhaps that's why so many were used on Caribbean junkets un- Hollywood films were set on board til 1949. By then, no one really the Clipper flights. DOG WASTE GONE wanted the slow, costly boats. A junk In any event, they swept away for- dealer broke up all but one for scrap. ever the forbidding barriers of time A "Mister X" got the other and and space. If some of us sorely miss moored it in Baltimore harbor, plan- the great silver birds today, "it's not ning to fly it to Russia on some mys- because they were luxurious," says ENZYMES terious peace mission. A rampaging veteran air traveler Allen Dodd, "but WASTE coastal storm hit before he figured because they belonged to a time, be- out all the details of his forthcoming fore in-flight movies, when airplanes talks with Stalin and the last Clip- had their own, built-in excitement. DOGGIE DOOLEY® keeps grounds clean, insect-free, sanitary. per sank hole in with a knocked her END. Rustproof heavy plastic doggie septic tank installs in ground; uses hull. safe, non-poisonous enzyme-bacteria to liquefy pet stools for ground absorption. Shovel up stools, drop into tank, close lid. Enzyme- It was all over. ED NOTE: Readers who may be in- bacteria action does rest. Harmless to pets, lawns, shrubs. Handles terested in the story seaplanes wastes of 1 to 3 dogs. IT/z" x 1154"with foot-operated lid, shovel, The land-based Boeing Strato- of 6 mos. of enzymes, and moisture holding tray for faster action. sn.9> large and small all over plus Extra 12 mos. enzymes $3.95 plus 60c postage. cruiser—the commercial version of the world $1.85 pp. from their beginning are referred to the B-29 bomber—tried vainly for a Send Check or M.O. or Chargo Edward Jablonski's 259-page book, Diners Club American Express time to recapture the romance of the "Sea Wings, the Romance of the Fly- Account!, Expiration date inner luxury of the stately "flying ing Boats," published by Doubleday ui lutee* Dept. AL-85, 1864 E. US-23 hotels" of aviation's grand era. It in 1972. J. W. HOLST, Inc. East Tawas, Mich. 48730.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1975 41 FLORIDA PARK SERVICE Aerial view of the ancient Spanish fortress, just eight miles off Interstate 95 in Florida.

By HARRIET HEDGECOTH Visitors may prowl all through the made them 12 feet thick, using ma- old fortress, and almost feel the pres- sonry heavily embedded with local America's freeways now provide an ence of the original users, as they coquina seashells. excellent system for traveling long explore cruel old dungeons, officers The Castillo is now a national mon- distances in a hurry by car. It is also quarters, a bake shop and the old ument. Parking, even with trailers, a system for whizzing past many in- courtyard with its deep well or is easy and close to the fort. Admis- teresting things to see without seeing — them. From time to time we propose to climb to the top and look out from sion is 50c for adults, free for chil- show you here a few interesting things the gun emplacements of Conquista- dren under 15. end to be seen "just off the highway" all dors of three centuries ago. over the nation, such as St. Augustine, Readers might clip and save "Just Off the Starting in 1672, forced Indian la- Highway" features as they appear from time Fla. to time, against the day they may travel the bor built the 30-foot-high walls and routes mentioned. Many people who zoom up and down Interstate 95 in Florida most certainly take time off to roam the old Spanish fort in St. Augustine. Just as certainly, hundreds of thousands do not. 1-95 is the main east coast Interstate route between Miami and Maine. The St. Augustine fort is the closest thing to a perfectly preserved medieval structure in the United States, and it lies just eight miles off what must be the beaten track of millions of people. When Jacksonville is well behind you, if you are headed south, you turn off of 1-95 on to Florida route 16. The way takes you through downtown St. Augustine, which is the oldest city (1565) in the United States. This is no great problem, for there are only a few blocks of downtown traffic, and signs lead you all the way to the waterfront, where the great, star-shaped Fortress of Castillo de San Marco commands Matanzas Bay. Visitors enter the fort on bridge over remains of moat.

42 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1975 The world's strongest tape

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THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1975 43 —

CONTINUED FROM PAGE 11 PERSONAL THE SURRENDER ABOARD THE U.S.S. MISSOIW HOME-BUYING "EXTRAS" EXPLAINED. -30 YEARS AGO. Japanese armed forces and all armed HEALTH CARE CHECKOUT. forces under Japanese control wher- WHAT TO EXPECT WHEN MOVING. ever situated. "We hereby command all Japanese forces wherever situated and the incur Those mysterious—and often expensive—extra charges that buyers Japanese people to cease hostilities when purchasing a home will have to be fully disclosed hereafter. forthwith, to preserve and save from Lenders now must give mortgage applicants a government booklet ex- damage all ships, aircraft, and plaining settlement costs, and they must itemize such charges in detail. military and civil property and to In case you didn't know, about a dozen special fees crop up when you comply with all requirements which buy a home. Among them: Appraisal fee; credit report; lender's inspection may be imposed by the Supreme "«fee; mortgage insurance application fee; cost of processing documents Commander for the Allied* lowers (called "loan originator fee"); mortgage "points;" insurance; title search; taxes; survey; recording fee, and—possibly—a refinancing fee. If you're smart, says the Dept. of Housing and Urban Development, you can save yourself some headaches and money all around if you get complete answers to these questions about your prospective purchase: 1. What's in the contract? Does it specify method of paying, time set for move-in, and status of fixtures or personal property in the house? Don't sign anything before understanding every word. 2. What about title insurance? Does it protect the lender or the buyer? If it protects only the lender, you may want your own, too. Furthermore, find out if you really need a full search "back to the year one." Ask about "reissue" rates if a search has been made recently. 3. Does the property need a brand new surrey? An "update" may be sufficient. 4. Is the lender or real estate agent overly anxious to recommend title companies, surveyors, etc.? If so, be suspicious of kickbacks (although they're illegal). Remember, kickbacks eventually come out of your pocket".

With medical discoveries, costs and turmoil over malpractice insurance in the news, this may be a good time to review the following: MEDICAL INSURANCE: Basically, three types of policies are available: 1. Limited payment of hospital, surgery and maternity expenses, called "basic protection." 2. Major medical coverage, which takes care of extended illnesses or even catastrophes (incidentally, "major medical" can be combined with "Oliver isn't much of a sunbather. "basic protection" into a single "comprehensive major medical" policy). THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE 3. Disability income insurance for money when other sources dry up. Your employer or insurance agent can explain your options if you're uncertain. You also can get the free booklet "What You Should Know or by agencies of the Japanese Gov-

About Health Insurance" from the Health Insurance Institute, Dept. FE, ernment at his direction. . . . 277 Park Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10017. "We hereby command all civil, DRUGS: Keep a record of any drugs prescribed for you. That's so you military and naval officials to obey won't run the risk of taking bad, or even lethal, mixtures. For example: and enforce all proclamations, orders Nose drops can nullify blood-pressure pills; barbiturates and antidepres- and directives [issued] by the sants are evil companions, and barbiturates and alcohol can be fatal. Supreme Commander for the Allied

Powers . . . and we direct all such officials to remain at their posts and If you're having your household goods moved from one point to another, to continue to perform their non- here are some statistics from the Interstate Commerce Commission combatant duties unless specifically (based on the 1974 performance of the 20 largest long-distance movers): relieved by him or under his au- About 16% of shipments result in claims of $50 or more for loss or thority. . . . damage; but 99 times out of 100 they're settled out-of-court within 40 "The authority of the Emperor days. In 23% of the cases, the mover overestimates charges by 10% or and the Japanese Government to more; almost the same number of times he underestimates. In 7% of the rule the state shall be subject to the moves, the transportation company picks up goods later than specified in Supreme Commander for the Allied the order of service; and about 20% of the deliveries are late by a day or Powers, who will take such steps as more. In short, be flexible (always let the mover know your whereabouts he deems proper to effectuate these so he contact can you). terms of surrender." Two more points worth remembering when moving: Twelve signatures were affixed to 1. Ask mover for money-saving tips. the document for the ten nations 2. Notify everyone in your address book (including charge accounts, involved—Japan and nine nations at magazines, etc.). war with her. As two Japanese By Edgar A. Grunicald signed, so did two Americans MacArthur as Supreme Commander

44 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1975 —

for the Allied Powers and Nimitz apparently register a complaint. public statement announcing the for the United States in particular. After a brief huddle, Lt. General signing to their services, their One person signed for each of the Richard K. Sutherland, MacArthur's countrymen and the world, and we other allied nations. chief of staff, was seen to do some quote from each below. MacArthur signed after Umezu. hasty scratching on the Japanese Said Nimitz: He called two witnesses to his side document. That seemed to satisfy "On board all naval vessels at sea as he signed. One was General everyone. and in port, and at our many island Jonathan M. (Skinny) Wainwright, What had happened was that in bases in the Pacific, there is rejoic- hero of Bataan and Corregidor, who signing for Canada, Cosgrove had ing and thanksgiving. The long and took over when MacArthur left the signed below instead of above the bitter struggle ... is at an end. . . . Philippines early in the war, and name of his country. MacArthur "Today all freedom-loving peoples went into years of captivity with the saw him do it and had him sign the of the world rejoice in the victory fall of the Philippines in 1942. The English copy correctly. But the last and feel pride in the accomplish- other was British Lt. General Sir three signers—LeClerc, Helfrich and ments of our combined forces. We Arthur Ernest Percival, who was Isitt—had no choice but to sign the also pay tribute to those who de- overwhelmed and taken prisoner at Japanese copy below their countries' fended our freedom at the cost of Singapore. MacArthur used five pens names, too. The Japanese protested their lives. to sign. He gave one to Wainwright, that their copy was thus erroneous. "On Guam is a military cemetery one to Percival, one to West Point, Sutherland corrected it in ink, and in a green valley not far from my one to the National Archives and initialed each of his corrections. headquarters. The ordered rows of kept one for Mrs. MacArthur. He left General MacArthur then said: white crosses stand as reminders of the two pens for West Point and the "Let us pray that peace be now the heavy cost we have paid for Archives on the table, and when restored to the world and that God victory. On these crosses are the Admiral Sir Bruce Fraser later will preserve it always. These pro- names of American soldiers, sailors signed for the United Kingdom he ceedings are now closed." and marines—Culpepper, Tomaino, picked them up and gave them to As rapidly as they could, launches Sweeney, Bromberg, Depew, Melloy, and ships took all the visitors off of two of his aides. MacArthur's Intel- Ponziani—names that are a cross- ligence Officer, Gen. C.A. Wil- the Missouri. Within two hours of Major section of democracy. They fought loughby, later got them back. the opening of the ceremonies, they together as brothers in arms; they According to Col. H. Bennett were all gone. That war was over died together and now they sleep Whipple, of MacArthur's head- for keeps and there was a world to side side. them have a quarters, who had arranged the rebuild. by To we staging of the surrender, when Fraser Admiral Nimitz and General Mac- solemn obligation—the obligation to took the pens someone muttered: "I Arthur each promptly released a insure that their sacrifice will help see the British are still lend-leasing our equipment." The name of each nation appeared on the document, and each individual oes was supposed to sign immediately above his country's name. Except for Fraser's pen act, until all but four had signed everything went without incident. Following MacArthur, Admiral Nimitz tested his pen, stepped up and signed for the United States calling on Admiral Halsey and Vice- Admiral Forrest C. Sherman to come with him as witnesses. General Hsu Yung-chang then signed for China; Admiral Fraser signed for the United Kingdom; Lt. Get started making BIG MONEY in your spare time! Join the thousands of men and women who are selling Mason's "hot" shoe styles. Mason's eye-catching looks and solid comfort are something your neighbors General Kuzma Nikolaevich Derev- will love to pick out and buy— from you! It's a snap to sell 2. 3, 4, even 6 pairs in your weekend spare yanko signed for the Soviet Union, time. And in return for your customers' decision to buy, you KEEP their CASH DEPOSITS! You're the which had entered the war against FIRST to be paid! wife family too! HOW DO I START? You can order for your or Japan only in its closing days, and All you do is show our beautiful 138 page color cat- FREE CATALOG and ORDER BOOK! and neighbors—you'll be amazed how General Sir Thomas Blarney signed alog to friends The Mason Shoe quality enamel-coated catalog is an the catalog almost sells by itself. WE GIVE YOU indispensable order-taking tool—and it's yours FREE for Australia. THE CATALOG FREE OF CHARGE! Over 275 styles, to start you selling. 138 pages in full color, lavish- sizes 4 to 16, widths AA to EEEE are readily avail- When Colonel L. Moore Cosgrove ly illustrated to show every style from men's dress able—over a quarter million pairs in stock—far then signed for Canada, something shoes, to high boots, to women's fashion shoes and more than the largest retail shoe store can ever matching handbags! Easy-to-follow instructions and And once find a customer you will odd happened. After he signed the offer! you keep order forms in back make taking orders from cus- him, because Mason Shoes are not available in stores! Japanese copy, MacArthur leaned tomers a pleasure! Outfit also includes EXTRA order we know you'll get LOTS of sales. YOUR BONUS IS FREE SHOES! . book because over and seemed to instruct him on Get just five easy orders a month and you order Fill out and mail the coupon today for your FREE how to sign the English copy. Gen- your own shoes FREE OF CHARGE every six months. catalog and the easy steps to make big money! eral Jacques LeClerc signed for Rush FREE Catalog France, Admiral C.E.L. Helfrich and the inlormation I need to start making big C3Sh profits! Tell me also how I can order my own shoes signed for the Netherlands and Isitt FREE OF CHARGE through selling Mason Shoes MASON SHOE MFG. CO., Dept. G-481 signed for New Zealand. Chippewa Falls, Wis. M729 The Japanese copy was then given Name. Shigemitsu. his to He and com- MASON SHOE MFG. 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THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1975 45 continued THE SURRENDER Hawaiian "Good Luck" ABOARD THE U.S.S. MISSOURI -30 AGO. YEARS li plant better and safer to make this a B Guaranteed to growli world in which to live. "Now we turn to the great tasks of reconstruction and restoration. I am confident that we will be able to PUTS PAIN TO SLEEP Now for the first time, overnight apply the same skill, resourcefulness blessed temporary relief from the keen thinking to these problems and pain of arthritis, bursitis, rheuma- as were applied to the problems of tism, soreness, stiffness. Just rub winning the victory." Icy Hot's creamy balm over tie Said MacArthur: affected joints or muscles, and you can actually feel the pain start "Today the guns are silent. A lessening. Begin to sleep peacefully great tragedy has ended. A great again. If you don't have relief in 24 victory has been won. The skies no hours we'll refund your money. longer rain death—the seas bear Order direct and save. Send $3 for only commerce—men everywhere large V/z oz. jar or $5.00 for eco- Ti Plant has a nomical 7 oz. jar. Write today to: walk upright in the sunlight. The The native Hawaiians believe the mystical voodoo power. The leaves were worn J. W. Gibson Co., 2000 N. Illinois entire world is quietly at peace. The to dispel evil. It is planted to bring GOOD St., Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, LIFE and LASTING LOVE. The Ti LUCK, LONG J. W. holy mission has been completed . . . Dept. 252 © GIBSON CO., 1973 Plant has been used for medicine, candy, food, I speak for the thousands of silent alcoholic drinks, and the sexy Hula Skirt. lips, forever stilled among the jun- The Ti Plant grows out of a log — so fast that 1000 RETURN ADDRESS LABELS It All do is put the gles and the beaches and in the deep you can almost see grow! you Ti log in water and watch it grow! When it waters of the Pacific. . . . sprouts, put it in a pot. The bigger the pot, the

bigger it will grow . . . from one to six feet tall. "A new era is upon us. Even the You can have the size you want. Grow it in sun lesson of victory itself brings with or shade — it blossoms! The Hawaiian Ti Plant makes an ideal gift. Send good luck to your USE YOUR it profound concern, both for our friends and loved ones. future security, and the survival of "ZIP" CODE Choice of re"d or green leaves; guaranteed to civilization. . . . grow or free replacement! FREE HANDY BOX "Men since the beginning of time ONE FOR $1 00 3 FOR $2.50 have sought peace. Various methods Please add twenty-five cents for postage and handling. Quick and easy way to put your name and return address on letters, checks, books, records, through the ages have been at- 4 ipBERTA'S DEPT. AM 4 etc. ANY name, address and zip code up to tempted to devise an international lines beautifully printed in black on crisp white P. INDIANA 461 76 process to prevent or settle disputes O. BOX 630, SHELBYVILLE, gummed label paper. \%" long. Free decora- tive box for purse or desk. Set of 1000 labels, between nations. . . . Military alli- just SI postpaid. Money back if not pleased. ances, balances of power, leagues of When ordering allow 3-5 weeks de- Don't know your zip code? We'll look it up nations, all in turn failed, leaving for you. Send for free catalog. livery. Always send check or money the only path to be by way of the p. _ i 3348 Drake Building order. DO CASH. Walter UfaKGColo. Springs, Colo. 80940 . . NOT SEND crucible of war. . "The utter destructiveness of war now blots out this alternative. We b b have had our last chance. If we do not devise some greater and more equitable system, Armageddon will MAKE be at our door. The problem basically DEUT$CHE5 RJ.1CH is theological and involves a spiritual LIVING recrudescence and improvement of Historic collection of 35 actual wartime and SAFER, postwar stamps picturing tanks, bombers. Hit- human character. . . . ler, soldiers, submarines, Churchill, Stalin, etc. "To the Pacific basin has come South African miniatures, Free French issue, EASIER Australian PEACE stamp, FDR memorial, the vista of a new emancipated many more. All genuine postage stamps from Germany, Italy, Russia, Poland, China, etc. — world. Today, freedom is on the of- for only 10# to introduce wonderful Harris ap- fensive, democracy is on the march. provals: exciting stamps to examine free, buy any or none, return balance, cancel service any- Today, in Asia as well as in Europe, time. Free 40-page catalog. Send 10? TODAY! H.E.HARRIS, R-1, Boston, Mass. unshackled peoples are tasting the Dept. 021 17

full sweetness of liberty. . . . "And so, my fellow countrymen, MAKE today I report to you that your sons $25 to 100 PER HOUR and daughters have served you well . . WITH THE BURKE ELEVATING RECLINER! BADGE- and faithfully." A-MINIT, a complete badge end If you've suffered the discomfort of making system lets you make arthritis, stroke. Parkinson's, back trouble, or M.S., you can take the permanent metal pin back struggle out of standing or sitting. badges for fun or profit. Gently lower sitting If You Served yourself to a posi- Badge parts cost tion with the touch of a switch. Then, you can securely raise yourself to your pennies, you sell Your Country in War feet. You're dependent on no one but slogan buttons for

yourself . . . and the touch of a switch. U to c eacn no " P ' P Write for free color brochure and infor- ^^Sly ' ^ BE COUNTED AGAIN mation on our "Try Before You Buy Money Back -Jff to buttons for up to Plan" ... No Obligation. Guarantee . $2.50 ea. Get FREE By Working In P.O. BOX 1064, illustrated money making plans by return I DEPT. AL-8 mail, or send $34.95 plus $1.75 for N MISSION, KANSAS 66221 shipping to BADGE-A-MINIT, 1820 N. THE AMERICAN LEGION C. (713) 722-5658 BU2KE Sterling Street, Dept. tE-85, LaSalle, III. 61301

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MISSING LINK Our son's going off to college; Our daughter's getting wed; I'm thinking of a summer place (Or skiing lodge, instead); My wife's out shopping for a gown To wear at the company bash; My family's very big on plans Now all we need's the cash. Robert Gordon AFTERTHOUGHT It's a foregone conclusion that not enough foregone conclusions will be foregone. S. S. Beddle QUEEN-SIZED LAMENT I'm queen-size, regal-size, and extra-size, too, 'Cause for the "full-figured girl," plain "large" would never do. Some say I'm half-sized but half of what they're not quite sure. Though I enjoy being "modern," "stylish," and "mature," I'd not complain if just once in a while, The label said "fat" but the clothes had style! Roslyn L. Katz FOOTNOTE

footwear salesman tell "He's waiting for the deposit on empties to go Any can you that up and then he's going to make a killing." if the shoe fits it's the wrong color! June Brady THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE

IS THIS WHERE I AM? I hie myself to the postcard rack (Where the eager vacationer buys them) SHREWD BIDDER And send some scenes to my friends back home, The action at a spirited auction was halted for a moment when the Though I don't recognize them! auctioneer raised his hand and announced: Ruth Bane "A gentleman has just discovered that he lost his wallet containing $2,000 and for its return is offering a reward of $300." There was a brief silence, then from the rear a voice cried out, $325!"

Joseph C. Salak

YOUR NAME AIN'T COME UP YET

Willie was an easy mark for salesmen and had bought too many items on credit. His paycheck wasn't enough to meet all the payments and most of them were overdue. After numerous dunning letters a creditor made a personal visit to collect the money due. "Willie, you haven't made a payment on your bill in six months." "Yeah, I know, but your name ain't come up yet." "Name hasn't come up? You got our notices didn't you?" "Yeah, but your name ain't come up yet." "What do you mean?" "Mister, it's like this. I put all the guys names I owe money to into a hat. I shake the hat and pick out a name. And that's the one I pay. So far, your name ain't come up yet!" Steve Balters

BOTANY LESSON

A woman touring California for the first time saw a tree she didn't recognize. The guide told her it was a fig tree. "Oh, that can't be a fig tree," the woman protested. "I got my mother trained. All I have to "Yes, ma'am," the guide said, "that's a fig tree." do is rattle the cookie jar to have her were much larger than that." "Well," she said, "I thought the leaves come runnin'." Lane Olinghouse THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE

48 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1975 Isn't BlackWvet smooth? Just the thought of it can give you a good feeling. Black Velvet* Canadian Whisky. The smooth Canadian. Qmportep. I

I-Alack i^-*T

PAIR NO-IRON KNITS

Yes Sir! Haband Company, the mail order people from Paterson have reduced the price on 100% polyester l\lo-lron Executive Slacks from 2for 19.95 to 2 pair for $15.95! This represents a one-shot, one-season-only special sale that cannot be repeated. You must understand that the slacks are our same all new, premium quality, latest fashion Executive Slacks. But the price break is a terrific opportunity for you to try the famous^ More than Haband deal. Here is what you get: pairs a< IMPORTANT LONG WEAR : New Non-Snag Knit SoW 2 * ot won't snag pull like ordinary doubleknit slack^ 19.95 [ & CONVENIENT WASH AND WEAR Save Big Money on Cleaner's Bills! NO WRINKLES: Get amazing two-way stretch! Easy comfort no matter how you bend, stretch or move Guaranteed PERFECT FIT!

Remember, Business Slacks are Haband's business. These are neither high style overpriced slacks nor stodgy old-fashioned trousers. Just good looking executive slacks that will stay in style year after year. That's value!

3 for 23.85 4 for 31.60 All 5 for 39.251 FIND YOUR WAIST & INSEAM: Waists: 29-30-31-32-33-34-35-36- 37-38-39-40-41-42-43- 44-45-46-4748-49- 50-51-52-53-54. Inseams: 26-27-28-29-30-31- 32-33-34. How GUARANTEE: If upon receipt I do not COLOR Many Waist Inseam choose to wear these slacks, I may return them to Haband for full refund of every BROWN penny I paid you! GREY NAVY OLIVE GOLD ZIP CODEI MAIL THIS COUPON: IMMEDIATE DELIVERY — HABAND PAYS the POSTAGE