Harbord Village Phase III - HCD Application for Study Support Material
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Harbord Village Phase III - HCD Application for Study Support Material Final Draft 6/6/2013 Harbord Village Phase III - HCD Application for Study Contents 3.1 Cultural Heritage Value of Harbord Village ........................................................................... 3 3.1.1 Design Value ................................................................................................................. 4 3.1.1.1 Examples of Character-defining Architectural Elements in Harbord Village ............. 5 3.1.1.2 The Urban Plan Design Supports the Design Value ................................................ 7 3.1.1.3 The Laneways Support the Design Value................................................................ 8 3.1.2 Historic Value of Harbord Village ................................................................................... 9 3.1.3 Social and Community Value of Harbord Village ...........................................................12 3.3.4 Nature Value of Harbord Village ...................................................................................15 3.3.5 Context Value of Harbord Village ..................................................................................16 3.2 History of Harbord Village ..................................................................................................17 3.2.1 First Nations .................................................................................................................17 3.2.2 Settlement ....................................................................................................................17 3. 2.3 Nineteenth Century Development ................................................................................18 3.2.4 Twentieth Century- Waves of Immigration ...................................................................21 3.2.5 Some Well-Known Harbord Villagers ............................................................................23 3.2.6 Community Challenges .................................................................................................24 Sources: ...................................................................................................................................24 Harbord Village Phase III - HCD Nomination Form 1 Figure 1a Enlarged Map of Proposed Harbord Village HCD Phase III Harbord Village Phase III - HCD Nomination Form 2 3.1 Cultural Heritage Value of Harbord Village In 2005 and 2011, several streets, representing about one quarter of the residential properties in Harbord Village were granted Heritage Conservation status by the City of Toronto. Harbord Village Residents’ Association’s (HVRA) stated intent at that time was to propose at a later date that the remaining residential streets in the community eventually be studied with a view to expanding the Harbord Village Conservation District to include all the residential properties in the “Village”. This application is for the study of the remaining streets in Harbord Village noted in the previous diagram and below (Figure 1a, 1b). The expanded area merits further study based on its cultural heritage value. The following sections will describe how the design, historic, social and community, natural and context values of the neighbourhood contribute to its’ cultural heritage value. Proposed Harbord Village HCD Phase III Figure 1b Where is Harbord Village? Harbord Village Phase III - HCD Nomination Form 3 3.1.1 Design Value The design value of these streets lies in the large number of Victorian buildings including those with Queen Anne and Gothic Revival and Second Empire style attributes, the neighbourhood plan, and the integration of contemporary visual elements. The images in this application are from the proposed Phase III areas of Harbord Village. With the exception of parts of Brunswick and Spadina Avenues, the homes were generally built on long very narrow lots that lent themselves to the Queen Anne and Gothic Revival composite style that became known as Toronto Bay-n-Gable. Although our review of early building permits has not directed us towards particular architects, there were several prominent builders in this area during the 19th Century including George and Samuel Barton, William McBean, Frederick Clements and Charles Richard Sleeman Dinnick. Figure 2: Figure 2a Detail 79 Lippincott St. Sunburst Peak and simple Rhythm of Toronto Bay-n-Gable row, 79-85 Lippincott Street bargeboard The residential streetscape is dominated by red-brick, asymmetrical, Toronto Bay-n-gable designs for 2 and 2½ and some three-story detached as well as semi-detached and row houses as shown in the following Figures. Most of these homes were constructed for the new City of Toronto’s growing middle and working class. The early insurance maps indicate that many of the homes were of a wood frame with a brick facade. However, consistent with the economic and social aspirations of the City’s new citizens, and the growing industrialization of many building materials, the facades of these modest homes were elaborately decorated with ornamentation and dichromatic or polychromatic brickwork. Patricia McHugh describes this composite style in her 1985 architectural survey of the City, Toronto Architecture, A City Guide: The facility with which local builders achieved a graceful marriage of Italianate and Gothic Revival modes is abundantly visible in Toronto’s Bay-n-gables, a distinctive form of double and row house that appeared all across the city in the fourth quarter of the 19th century. Characterized by Harbord Village Phase III - HCD Nomination Form 4 polygonal end bays atop of which spring pointy gables edged in decorative bargeboards, these pleasing rhythmic compositions are virtually Toronto’s architectural trademark. Figure 3 Example of Queen Anne style Asymmetrical design; Red brick Figure 3a Detail bay-n-gable with second floor cantilevered, oriel, Italianate bay window, pointed arch entrance and gable accentuated by subtle fretwork in bargeboards; texture and material horizontal divisions between floors. 145 Brunswick Avenue The peaked streetscape rhythm of roofs of the Bay-n-gable (Figures 2, 3, 4) homes is interspersed with a number of Gothic revival cottages as per Figure 5 and a few Mansard roof homes in a modest Second Empire style (Figure 6). Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Cottage Gothic Revival style with Second Empire style with pierced bargeboards on roof peak Mansard roof and stained and portico.133-135 Major Street glass windows.96 Sussex Ave. Toronto Bay-n-gable 211 Major St. 3.1.1.1 Examples of Character-defining Architectural Elements in Harbord Village It was not unusual for builders to combine elements of various styles to please their prospective clients. For example, a Second Empire style roof might be combined with Harbord Village Phase III - HCD Nomination Form 5 Italianate style bay windows. As long as there was respect for proportion and balance, these combinations seem to flow visually. The accompanying photographs illustrate a sample of some of the Victorian architectural elements currently found in Harbord Village. Figure 7 Figure 8 Bold wooden brackets supporting window head Ornate suspended portico at 255 Major 225 Major St. Figure 9 Figure 10 Elaborate spindle work and pierced fretwork on portico at 156 Major Street Ornate spindle work on second floor porch at 132 Brunswick Ave. The architectural proportions and character-defining elements of the houses in Harbord Village are typical for the period of construction- approximately 1880 to 1889. These include asymmetrical facades (Figures 3, 4 11-14), dominant front-facing gables (Figures 11-14), cantilevered gables (Figure 3), differing wall textures such as patterned shingles (Figures 3 and 13), differing masonry wall textures, ornate brackets (Figures 3, 8 and 10) , dentils, spindle work (Figure 9), slate roofs , sawn wood, pierced barge boards (Figures 3-5), decorative poly- chromatic brick work (Figure 14), distinct horizontal delineation of the building structure (Figures 3, 4 and 11-14), finials, stain glass and leaded glass windows ornate wooden mouldings. Preserving the history of the neighbourhood and the heritage of our homes and streetscapes is valued by the residents of Harbord Village. After achieving HCD status in Phases I and II, HVRA assembled and published a 72-page booklet that as a guide to maintaining our heritage architecture. Our 14th edition of the Harbord Village Directory for Conservators and Restorers of Heritage Properties was released on September 9, 2012 and is available on at harbordvillage.com. Harbord Village Phase III - HCD Nomination Form 6 Figure 11 Figure 12 156 Major St. 10 Borden Street Queen Anne style, Example of ornate spindle work Second Empire style Mansard roof on porch, (detail Figure 9) asymmetrical facade, Twin gabled dormer windows with dominant front-facing gable, Italianate bay elaborate eyebrow headers for emphasis windows on two levels and ornate brackets combined with asymmetrical design of supporting the third first two floors including an Italianate style bay window Figure 13 Figure 14 84 Sussex Ave. 115-117 Borden, Turret, leaded glass, differing wall textures- Dichromatic brickwork defines the quoins, fish scaled shingles, dentils and slate roof single bay windows with contrasting brick eyebrow lintels over entrance and windows, and bulls eye window in the peak. 3.1.1.2 The Urban Plan Design Supports the Design Value The urban plan for this neighbourhood also has notable design characteristics. Envisioned