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Journal of the Oklahoma Native Plant Society, Volume 8, Number 1

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Journal of the Oklahoma Native Plant Society, Volume 8, Number 1 45 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 8, Number 1, December 2008 An Updated Flora of the Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge Keith A. Carter, Pablo Rodriguez, and Michael T. Dunn1. Department of Biological Sciences, Cameron University, Lawton, Oklahoma 73505 1Author for correspondence: Phone 580-581-2287; E-mail: [email protected] The herbarium collections of the Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge have been transferred to the Cameron University Herbarium (CAMU) so that they could be safely curated, and electronically databased and still remain accessible to refuge personnel while for the first time becoming readily available to other interested researchers. This paper is a report on the initial inventory of the specimens. The 1784 specimen collection includes 101 families, 339 genera, and 634 species that have been physically repaired and taxonomically updated as needed, accessioned into the CAMU collections, and entered into the Specify Database. INTRODUCTION (Eskew, 1938; Osborn and Allan, 1949; Buck, 1977). The Wichita Mountains are some of the Much of the natural history of the Refuge oldest exposed mountains in the world and is recorded in herbarium collections that were because the area was too rocky to plow, they housed in the basement of the headquarters formed a natural refugium that preserved building. In 2005, refuge management what is arguably the largest remaining intact recognized the need to protect the specimens, tract of southern mixed-grass prairie in and make the data available to the scientific existence. The mountains were part of the community as well as the general public, but Kiowa-Comanche-Apache Reservation in the still keep the data accessible to Refuge late 19th Century. When the reservation was biologists and technicians. The only facility opened to settlement in 1901, the land was set that met all of the criteria was the Cameron aside by the federal government. Originally University Herbarium (CAMU), and in 2006 administered by the Department of the the specimens were transferred to CAMU as a Interior, jurisdiction was transferred to the permanent loan. In 2008 The National Forest Service in 1905, and in 1935 Science Foundation (NSF) provided funding management of the Wichita Mountains to procure additional cabinets and equipment Wildlife Refuge (WMWR) was transferred to and to hire student workers to enter the what is now the Fish and Wildlife Service specimens into the Specify Database. This (Morgan, 1973). In 1907 bison were paper is the first report of the inventory of reintroduced to the Refuge and in 1927 these specimens and will serve as a Congress issued a mandate to preserve the benchmark for future studies that will update bloodline of Texas Longhorn Cattle. Elk, the complete flora of the Refuge. which had been extirpated by 1875 were The 23,885 hectare Wichita Mountains transplanted from Jackson Hole, Wyoming, Wildlife Refuge is located in northwestern and today in addition to the buffalo, longhorn Comanche County, Oklahoma (Fig.), ranging cattle, and elk that get most of the public’s from 34°41’N to 34°50’N and 98°48’30”W to attention, the refuge is home to over 50 98°30’30”W. Elevation ranges from 404 m mammal species including prairie dogs, (1330 ft) where Cache Creek crosses the coyotes, bobcats, and mountain lions (Tyler, WMWR southern boundary to 756 m (2479 2005). In addition, over 240 bird, 64 reptile ft) at the summit of Mt. Pinchot. The and amphibian, and 36 fish species have been mountains themselves are predominantly identified. Eight hundred and six vascular Cambrian igneous rock and the surrounding plants have been identified at the WMWR Carter, et al. https://doi.org/10.22488/okstate.17.100061 46 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 8, Number 1, December 2008 plains are predominantly Permian sedimentary woody eudicots are respectively Polygonum rock (Price and Gilbert, 1996). The ecoregion with nine and Quercus with eight species each. is categorized as Great Plains Steppe Shrub Now that these preliminary data have Province (Bailey, 1995) or Central Great been compiled, we hope to expand the project Plains (Woods et al., 2005) and receives on by updating the taxonomy of the classic Buck average 86.84 cm (34.19 in) of precipitation (1977) report on the flora of WMWR to annually, with May the wettest month (mean enable direct comparison with this 13.03 cm [5.13 in]) and January the driest assemblage, quantify the percentage of exotics (mean 3.50 cm [1.38 in]). Mean annual in the collections, and with the permission of temperature is 22.220C (72.00F) (Oklahoma WMWR biologists and administrators, begin Climatological Survey, 2007). surveying the Refuge for some of the rarer plants in the collection to identify those taxa MATERIALS AND METHODS in danger of extirpation. A total of 1784 specimens were accepted ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS as a permanent loan from WMWR to CAMU in June 2006. NSF-Biological Research We would like to acknowledge NSF-DBI- Collections funds were awarded in 2008 and BRC Grant 0749657 for funding this research, were used to purchase new herbarium and Sam Waldstein (former Refuge Manager), cabinets and begin curation during that Ralph Bryant acting Refuge Manager (2006), summer. Specimens were first triaged for Jeff Rupert (Refuge Manager) and Walter damage and physically repaired as necessary. Munsterman (Wildlife Biologist) for their Preliminary identification and taxonomic support of this project. In addition, Donna updating were the responsibility of KAC. Lohr, Amber Roy, and Tom Sodhi assisted as Specimens were then entered into the Specify student researchers. database by KAC and PR. All identifications and taxonomic updates were then verified by REFERENCES MTD before annotations were added and Bailey RG 1995. Description of the specimens were fumigated and curated into Ecoregions of the United States. separate color coded genus folders. Because www.fs.fed.us/land/ecosysmgmt/index taxonomy for many of the specimens is .html ambiguous and no completed treatment of the Buck P 1977. Vascular Plants of the Wichita flora of Oklahoma was broadly accepted, a Mountains Wildlife Refuge 1977. combination of McGregor et al., (1986), Unpublished informational handout of Diggs et al (1999) and Judd et al., (2008) was the Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge. used to update the taxonomy of the Reprinted in: Oklahoma Native Plant specimens (details available upon request). Record, 2 (1): 4-21, 2002. Diggs GM Jr., Lipscomb BL, and O’Kennon RESULTS AND DISCUSSION RJ. 1999. Shinners & Mahler’s Illustrated Three of the 1784 specimens were Flora of North Central Texas. Botanical collected outside the WMWR proper but all Research Institute of Texas, Fort Worth, three have duplicates collected on the Refuge. TX: 1626p. The collection includes 101 families, 339 Eskew CT 1939. The flowering plants of the genera, and 634 species (Appendix), including: Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge, 1 family of Charophyceans, 6 families of Oklahoma. American Midland Naturalist, seedless vascular plants, 2 gymnosperm 20: 695-703. families, 1 basal angiosperm, 16 monocot Judd WS, Campbell CS, Kellogg EA, Stevens families and 75 Eudicot families. The largest PF, and Donoghue MJ. 2008. Plant families are Asteraceae with 88 species and Systematics, A Phylogenetic Approach, Poaceae with 99 species. The largest 3rd Ed., Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, monocot genera are Carex and Eragrostis with Massachusetts: 611p. 12 species each. The largest herbaceous and Carter, et al. 47 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 8, Number 1, December 2008 McGregor RL, Barkley TM, Brooks RE, and Wichita Mountains, Oklahoma. U.S.G.S. Schofield EK. 1986. Flora of the Great National Cooperative Mapping Program. Plains. University of Kansas Press, Specify Software Project, Biodiversity Lawrence, Kansas: 1402p. Research Center, University of Kansas, Morgan EB, 1973. The Wichita Mountains, Lawrence, KS 66045. Ancient Oasis of the Prairies. Texan www.specifysoftware.org Press, Waco, Texas: 253p. Tyler JD 2005. Birds of Southwestern Oklahoma Climatological Survey. 2007. Oklahoma and North Central Texas. Oklahoma Climatological Data. Transcript Press Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma, Norman. 119p. (www.ocs.ou.edu). Woods AJ, Omernik JM, Butler DR, Ford JG, Osborn B and Allan PF. 1949. Vegetation of Henley JE, Hoagland BW, Arndt DS, and an abandoned prairie dog town in tall- Moran BC. 2005. Ecoregions of grass prairie. Ecology, 30:322-332. Oklahoma (Color photo with map, Price JD and Gilbert MC. 1996. Geologic descriptive text, summary tables, and Map of the Mount Scott Area, Eastern photographs). U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. Figure Location of Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge, Comanche County, Oklahoma Carter, et al. 48 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 8, Number 1, December 2008 APPENDIX GREEN ALGAE Sagittaria montevidensis Cham. & Schlecht. Characeae Araceae Chara vulgaris L. Arisaema dracontium (L.) Schott SEEDLESS VASCULAR PLANTS Commelinaceae Commelina erecta L. Isoetaceae Tradescantia occidentalis (Britt.) Smyth Isoetes melanopoda Gay & Dur. Tradescantia ohiensis Raf. Equisetaceae Cyperaceae Equisetum laevigatum A. Braun Bulboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla Bulbostylis capillaris (L.) Kunth ex C.B. Clarke Aspleneaceae Carex amphibola Steud. Asplenium trichomanes L. Carex annectens (Bickn.) Bickn. Carex austrina Mack. Dryopteridaceae Carex blanda Dewey Dryopteris marginalis (L.) A. Gray Carex emoryi Dewey Woodsia obtusa (Spreng.) Torr. Carex festucacea Schkuhr. ex Willd. Carex frankii Kunth. Marsileaceae
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