Congress Approves FY '78 Appropriation

By Linda St. Thomas National Zoological Park, building restora­ of Federal grant funds." research and study, and conservation. Cur­ tion and renovation, and construction. The Senate committee report added its rent plans include a building of approx­ Congress completed action July 14 on the The salaries and expenses appropriation expectation "that efforts will begin im­ imately 338,000 square feet to be con­ Smithsonian appropriation for fiscal year is $88,238,000, an increase of about $3 mil­ mediately to effect the smooth transition of structed adjacent to the existing Silver Hill 1978, which begins October I, and sent it to lion over fiscal year 1977. It affects most the Science Information Exchange to facility in Suitland, Md. the President for his approval. Smithsonian staffers because it includes ap­ Federal status, either in the Smithsonian or Approval of the request for funds for the propriations for salaries, museum exhibi­ another appropriate Federal agency." study center and library addition to MHT Highlights of the measure include tions and acquisitions, research, travel, and The conferees reduced the SSIE ap­ was deferred, at least until fiscal year 1979, $325,000 to initiate architectural and publications. propriation "based on the belief that user pending the results of the House Ap­ engineering plans for the museum support The $4 million appropriation for fees should bear a greater share of the propriations Committee investigation staff center; $2.5 million for restoration and museum programs and related research is operating costs of the Exchange." report. The Senate report said that its com­ repair of buildings at the N ational Zoo and administered by the Office of International I n the area of Zoo construction, funds mittee "did not necessarily quarrel with the its Front Royal facility; deferral of the $7.1 Programs' Foreign Currency Program. Of have been appropriated for the renovation need for the facility but with the high cost million request for the study center and this total, up to $500,000 will be available to and repair of buildings and the installation involved in adding it to an existing struc­ library addition to the Museum of History Smithsonian employees for research. of a fence around Front Royal Conserva­ ture." and Technology; and a reduction of Of a request for $450,000, the House and tion and Research Center. Funds have also Plans for the proposed sixth floor addi­ $200,000 in the total budget of the Science Senate conferees allowed the research been approved for M aster Plan construc­ tion include space for about 215,000 books, Information Exchange. awards program only $110,000 to conclude tion, including such projects as improve­ manuscripts, and documents. Among the The Smithsonian appropriation is ongoing research by Smithsonian ment and enlargement of the waterfowl collections to be housed there would be the divided into six accounts: salaries and ex­ employees. They directed that the Smithso­ ponds and building of a new facility for the Alexander Graham Bell Library and the penses, museum programs and related ni an Research Foundation be terminated, lesser cats. Dibner Library of the History of Science research, Science Information Exchange, however, and "that the Smithsonian es­ The proposed museum support center is and Technology donated to the Smithso­ construction and improvements at the tablish procedures for direct administration expected to provide space for collections, nian in 1975.

o T HE SM I THSONIAN TORCH No. 77-8 Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. August 1977 July 4 Visitors Danced at MHT; Welcomed Metro to Mall Station

An estimated 20 I ,000 visitors attended Everyone was delighted with the social the outdoor Fourth of July Celebration, dancing which focused each evening on a July 2-4, on the grounds and terraces of the different era of dance music. Live bands Museum of History and Technology. backed professi onal dance instructors who Produced by the Division of Performing demonstrated the jitterbug, Charleston, Arts in association with M HT, the three­ Greek dances, and waltzes, mazurkas, and day event became a focal point for schottisches. Washington's. celebration . of America's DPA Director J ames Morris, who served ____ .l.U.w...... b,I.t.Y:I.d..:~...s..w,I.e.y.....l.:..Ilen.:w*",£ .oor~ - master- of cer-emonies fgr the social danc- ~ dinator for the programs, reported that ing, said he was pleased to see the combina­ everything went smoothly as crowds of tions of dancers, tall and short, young and families, young people, and senior citizens old, cognoscenti and initiates, who all gathered to watch high-wheel b ikers, pup­ became enthusiasts fo r the evening. Later, Face painting brought clowns to MHT fo r July 4 festivities. pets, and clowns, a nd to sit at t he the Visitor Reception Center and D PA amphitheater stage to enjoy gospel, both received many requests to continue the bluegrass, and old-fashioned band music. dance programs. "I haven't seen such an orderly crowd in Along with those from D PA, the celebra­ a long time," said Captain George Terrell tion was staffed by hundreds of SI people, CFA Study Identifies of MHT's Guard Company C. In addition employees and volunteers alike, who may to crowd control, Captain Terrell and the otherwise have spent their weekend at near­ other guards acted as "walking en­ by beaches and parks. cyclopedias of information for the "We always have a weekend captain on Clusters of Galaxies tourists. " (See 'July 4,' Page 8) By James Cornell The important feature of this gas is that Using data from the UHURU satellite, a the mass required to produce the X-ray team of astronomers led by Riccardo Giac­ emission is five to 10 times greater than all Ten Millionth Visits NASM coni at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for the material seen at other wavelengths and Astrophysics has discovered what appear to is itself sufficient to gravitationally bind the 1 Year, 8 Days After Opening be "superclusters" of galaxies, bound clusters in the supercluster. This high den­ together by a very hot and tenuous gas with sity has implications for the evolution of the a mass many times that of the galaxies universe. themselves. If this gas exists in the quan­ For the past two decades, a major scien­ tities suggested by the observations, it could tific debate has concerned the nature of the represent a significant percentage of the so­ universe and its eventual fate. Proponents called "missing mass" needed to close the of the "open universe" claimed the universe universe. originated in a primordial explosion, or big While compiling the "Fourth UHURU bang, some 20 billion years ago and will Catalog of X-Ray Sources" from observa­ continue to expand outward forever. By tions made in the early 1970's, the group contrast, the "closed universe" advocates detected a number of sources of X-ray emis­ suggested that this expansion would even­ sion associated with several clusters of tually end due to gravitational collapse and galaxies grouped together in the material would fall back onto itself, "superclusters" more than 150 million light perhaps to repeat the cycle. years in diameter. An analysis of the data The amount of material observed by by Stephen Murray, William Forman, traditional optical and radio techniques has Christine J ones, and Dr. Giacconi suggests been insufficient to provide the that the X-ray emission is most likely gravitational attraction needed to "close" produced by a hot gas pervading the the universe. The new observations, based supercluster. on data from the X-ray astronomy satellite Confirmation of this discovery could be UHUR U, suggest the "missing mass" may made within the next several months by the exist as vast amounts of extremely hot gas High Energy Astronomy Observatory between the galaxies. (HEAO-A) satellite scheduled for launch by The U HU R U satellite, officially the National Aeronautics and Space Ad­ designated Explorer 42, was placed into a ministration in early August. nearly circular orbit over the earth's He was only seven years old, but Kenric Call wood of St. Thomas, V.I., made The scientists described the gas, primarily equator on December 12, 1970, from the history on July 8 when he became the 10 millionth person to visit the National Air hydrogen and helium, as "essentially San Marco launch platform off the coast of and Space Museum. Overwhelmed at first by the excitement which greeted his primordial material," representing the re­ Kenya by NASA and the Centro Richerche entrance, Kenric soon got into the spirit as he helped NASM Director Michael Col­ mains of the initial explosion that created Aerospaziali of Italy. The date of the lins blowout the candles on the waiting cake. Kenric received a framed color picture the universe. The very high temperature of launch coincided with the seventh anniver­ from the movie, "To Fly," catalogs of Museum exhibits, a gift certificate to the the gas, more than 10,000 times hotter than sary of Kenyan independence and the satel­ shop, and passes to the theater and spacearium. He and his party were treated to the surface of the sun, accounts for the dif­ lite was named UHURU, the Swahili word lunch in the Museum cafeteria. ficulty of observing it at any but X-ray for "freedom," in recognition of that na­ wavelengths. tion's cooperation. Page 2 THE SMITHSONIAN TORCH August 1977 Festivities Mark Opening of Zoo Trail System NCFA Shows Art of

Clear enough even for small children to Hispanic-Americans follow, the system is based on animal By Karen Ruckman footprints. On a map visitors can select a trail-crowned crane trail, zebra trail, Multicolored feathers, iconographic elephant trail, lion trail, duck trail, or polar images, self portraits, and fond recollec­ bear trail-and then look for the cor­ tions of community are among the subjects responding footprints to direct them. of the Hispanic-American artist in "Raices The color-coded walks include tall y Visions/Roots and Visions," now on view totems of precast concrete at each begin­ at the National Collection of Fine Arts. ning and end, with pictographs in the upper In this first national exhibit to bring portions showi ng the various animals to be together the works of both known and un­ seen along the way and, on the lower por­ known contemporary artists of the major tions, the length of the trail, walking time, Spanish-speaking communities of the services found on the trail, and a map show­ United States, the artists reach toward their ing the complete system, along with the ap­ roots and project a need to externalize a propriate animal footprint to look for. deeply felt plight relating to identity. Brochures are also available to acquaint This search for redefinition of identity visitors with the new system. emerges in the show through four According to Billie Hamlet, public infor­ categories. mation officer at the Zoo, nearly 1,000 An examination of pre-Columbian roots tracks were used on each trail, and people and mythologies is seen in striking symbolic have been so thrilled with them, they are works. Rafael M ontanez-Ortiz's feathered Following the Zebra Trail trying to buy the stick-on prints. pyramids show a cuI tural transfusion Unifying the graphics is the new National from enjoying, children can learn about between the triangular-shaped zemi, a ritual Zoo logo showing a mother eagle feeding saving animals and the environment," ex­ object of the Taino people, and the her eaglet. As the national bird and an en­ plained Mr. Mulcahy. pyramids of Mexico. dangered species, the bald eagle has been Each trail begins and ends on Olmsted The folk tradition is represented in the the Zoo's symbol since 1964. Walk, except the duck trail which cannot be works of Gloria Lopez Cordova and Wyman and Cannan of New York, who completed until beaver valley is ready for George Lopez, santero wood carvers who also developed the Mall graphics system for habitation. Extending from the Connecticut practice an art passed down in their family the Bicentennial, designed the Zoo plan in A venue entrance to the gate on Harvard for six generations. cooperation with Robert Mulcahy, chief of Street, the Olmsted Walk is marked by a Life in the barrio, political expression, NZP's Reed, Mr. Ripley, and Nancy Hanks NZP's graphics and exhibits office, and his broad red stripe following the original path and social protest concern many younger officiate at trail ribbon cutting. staff. Planning began in 1974, in coopera­ laid out by Frederick Law Olmsted in 1890. artists. "Lettuce on Ice," a painting by tion with the National Endowment for the Taking part in opening ceremonies were Rudy Trevino, comes from a series on the By Kathryn Lindeman Arts, which helped to fund the project, and Secretary Ripley, NZP Director Theodore vegetable that provides a living for so many Despite the sweltering heat, hundreds of its Federal Graphics Improvement Reed, and Nancy Hanks, chairman of farmworkers and has become a symbol of children and adults were on hand to tryout Program. NEA. their struggle. "Corazon," by Frank the National Zoological Park's new trail "After two and a half years of drawings I n his comments, Mr. Ripley said that Romero, is an individual spinoff of Los graphics system when it opened on June 30. and design," said Mr. Mulcahy, "the entire Olmsted "planned the Zoo for horse and Four, an artists' cooperative that is an im­ Children delighted in the animal tracks system was installed in nine days. carriage visits by small numbers of visitors portant part of the Chicano movement in pasted on the trails and played hopscotch· Orchestrating six to 10 contractors so it from the then distant city, and for meander­ Los Angeles. by jumping on the tracks to the tune of the would all be done on time was a real chal­ ing walks and roadways to serve their Other artists externalize the search for carillon. A brass band and hundreds of lenge. needs. identity through an inner vision, creating green and blue balloons added to the festive "We monitor visitors' impressions of the "But as the years of the 20th century add­ works that draw at times on surrealism. atmosphere. system by way of the information booths at ed up, so did the numbers of our visitors, "Roots and Visions," which continues Guests led along the crane trail by the both ends of the park. So far there haven't and their problems (bringing us today to) through October 2, was organized by Marc notes of a clarinet were rewarded with but­ been any negative comments. the need for a new way of finding one's way Zuver and Rebecca Kelley Crumlish of the tons reading "I blazed the Zoo trail" at the "The beauty of this type of design is that over the eight miles of paths and roadways Fondo del Sol in Washington, and Peter end of the walk. it increases the fun factor of the Zoo and, within our boundaries." Bermingham, NCFA curator of education. Taylor Selected To Comings and Goings .r--;----=Fill Executive Post James Wallace Appointed Director, OPPS

James Wallace became director of the Of­ hibit, "Our Changing Land." tures, symposia, and seminars. fice of Printing and Photographic Services On June 1, Martha Andrews became the Charles Mickens, exhibits program in June, replacing Arthur Gaush who is new coordinator for the Inventory of manage~ with ANM, retired in June after retiring. Prior to assuming his new position, American Paintings at NCFA. Mrs. more than 34 years of Federal Service. Prior M r. Wallace served as special assistant to Andrews had served for five years as assis­ to his two and a half years at ANM, Mr. the director of OPPS. Before joining the tant coordinator of the Inventory. Mickens worked in the training unit of the Smithsonian staff in 1975, Mr. Wallace was H. Eugene Kelson, has been named Office of Exhibits. He came to that office as publications manager for General Develop­ NCF A administrator. Since 1974, Mr. an exhibits technician in 1958 and was ment Corporation of Miami. Kelson has served as the Museum's assis­ promoted to supervisory exhibits specialist. Martin Buzas, specialist in Foraminifera, tant administrative officer. Joseph Sefekar, HMSG administrator, ecology, and paleoecology, has succeeded Judith O'Sullivan has joined the Resident has retired after 37 years of Federal Service. Richard Grant as chairman of the MNH Associate Program as coordinator of adult As third in the chain of command at Department of Paleobiology. Dr. Buzas classes. Formerly editor of the American HMSG, Mr. Sefekar came to the Museum came to the Smithsonian in 1963 after Film I nstitute Catalog at the Library of in 1970, and oversaw the planning, develop­ receiving his Ph.D. from Yale University. A Congress, Ms. O'Sullivan, who holds a ment, and opening of the Hirshhorn. former Chairman of the Senate of Scien­ Ph .D. in art history from the University of Lary Rosenblatt, SITES exhibition coor­ tists, he has served on several museum com­ Maryland, was also a consultant to SITES dinator and education specialist, is leaving mittees and is also a lecturer in geology at and a Smithsonian Fellow at NCF A. Nancy the Smithsonian to earn his M.A. in George Washington University and an as­ Starr, who used to hold the position, is now developing educational curriculum at Har­ sociate editor of the Journal of the Associate's program coordinator of lec- vard University. Paleobiology. Susan Lake, formerly with the Crocker Douglas Assumes Duties as OEO Director Art Gallery in Sacamento, Calif., has as­ Lawrence Taylor sumed the duties of docent coordinator at number of years. After 27 years of military the Hirshhorn Museum. service, including duties as inspector Lawrence Taylor has been selected by Walter Parsons has recently become chief general, Mr. Douglas was appointed EEO Secretary Ripley to fill a newly created posi­ of the engineering design branch in the Of­ Officer for the Walter Reed Army Medical tion as the Institution's coordinator of fice of Facilities Planning and Engineering Center. Most recently, he was the director public and Congressional information. Services. He comes to SI from the Depart­ of affirmative action programs for the National Aeronautics and Space Ad­ Mr. Taylor's responsibilities include ment of the Army where as a civil engineer supervision of the Congressional liaison of­ he specialized in the design and construc­ ministration. fice, under Margaret Hird, and the public tion of facilities. Mr. Parsons is a graduate During the early stages of his work at the Smithsonian, Mr. Douglas will evaluate the affairs and special events offices, under Carl of Texas A & M. Institution's overall equal employment Larsen. A member of the executive commit­ Vicki Anderson, a graduate of Towson policies. He will study the program's tee, M r. Taylor will report directly to the State University and a recently appointed history, incl uding statistics, complaints, Secretary. research assistant at CBCES, is helping conduct and analyze experiments in en­ and trends, to compare them with programs Since 1975, Mr. Taylor has been staff as­ vironmental perception and learning. now being implemented. Mr. Douglas sistant and speechwriter for Congressman Yemisi Lofinnakin from Howard U nver­ believes that a statistical base is important Peter Rodino. Before that, he was with the sity has assumed a CBCES staff position in order to analyze salary levels and Washington bureau of the St. Louis Post­ funded by a grant from the Environmental minority group distribution throughout the Dispatch for four years, covering the White Protection Agency. He is working on work force. House and Congress. He covered the sedimentation studies in the Rhode River. Another major task will be to prepare, in Judiciary Committee's impeachment in­ George Zug will assume the four-year cooperation with bureau directors and quiry from Octob~r 1973 until President chairmanship of MNH's Department of Will Douglas other Smithsonian management, the In­ Nixon's resignation in August 1974. Vertebrate Zoology on September I, suc­ stitution's overall affirmative action As a member of the White House press ceeding Robert Gibbs. Dr. Zug, a specialist Will Douglas, Jr. was appointed director program for fiscal year 1979, which must be corps, Mr. Taylor traveled with both Presi­ in the systematics and functional of the Smithsonian's Office of Equal submitted to the Civil Service Commission dents Nixon and Ford. morphology of reptiles and amphibians, Employment Opportunity and began work by October. This program will outline the Before coming to Washington, he was a came to the Smithsonian in 1968 after here on June 13, succeeding Archie Grim­ objectives and action necessary to imple­ reporter for the St. Louis Post-Dispatch and receiving his doctorate from the University mett. ment a long range program. the Omaha World-Herald. He attended St. of Michigan. He has served on numerous Mr. Douglas, a graduate of the Univer­ Mr. Douglas is a member of the Benedict's College in Atcheson, Kans., and museum committees and was the scientific sity of Nebraska, has been active in the field NAACP, the Urban League, and the the University of Nebraska. advisor for the Museum's Bicentennial ex- of equal employment opportunity for a National Technical Association. August 1977 THE SMITHSONIAN TORCH Page 3 SI Newsmakers Reception Center Answers Editors Win Blue Pencil Prize; Thousands of Public Queries Winter Studies Rocket Ritual Iiams, coordinates the weekend program. By Johnnie Douthis reportedly I ,OOO-year-old event in which Maria Heasly prepares the detailed ex­ giant skyrockets are launched to provoke hibit directories that go to 11 information Smithsonian Institution Press editors the rain gods or spirits to produce better desks in every museum except the Freer and Louise Heskett and Hope Pantell were win­ rice crops. the National Collection of Fine Arts. The ners in the 15th Annual Blue Pencil com­ Laverne Love, OEO women's program directory contains everything from an ex­ petition of the National Association of coordinator, discussed "The Other Side of hibit's opening and closing dates to whether Government Communicators. Ms. Heskett Archie and Edith: A Presentation by the it is accompanied by a catalog. As com­ was awarded first prize in the popular Minority Women's Task Force," at the prehensive as the information aids may be, publications category for "Zoo Book," eighth national training program for Ms. Heasly sometimes has to augment them written by the NZP Office of Education. Federally Employed Women, Inc. with memos about last-minute changes or Ms. Pantell placed third in the category of Jean Quinnette, assistant production additional facts. books-one-time publications with coordinator in the Office of Telecom­ Ann Perper, public inquiry specialist, "America as Art" by NCFA Director munications, attended the Film and Televi­ oversees all incoming mail, 80 percent of Joshua Taylor. sion Documentation Workshop in Beverly which is answered at the Reception Center. While visiting northeastern Thailand and Hills, Calif. Sponsored by the American Very technical letters, about 20 percent of Laos, Frank Winter, research historian with Film Institute, the workshop was held July the volume, are referred to appropriate NASM's astronautics department, studied 10 - 16. curators. About half the mail is from the annual Boung Bang Fei rocket festival. Wendy Wick, NPG curator of prints, National Associates. Most inquiries con­ He hopes to publish his findings on this spent three July weeks in the Boston area tain questions on more than one subject. continuing her research on 18th-century Two staff members, Gilmer Van Poole American portrait prints. Most of her time and Grace Gast, act as building coor­ Banners Add C%r was spent at the American Antiquarian dinators for information volunteers in Mall Society in Worcester, but she consulted six museums. Ms. Van Poole is responsible for To H MSG Fountain other institutions in the Boston area. Miss the National Air and Space Museum, the Promptly at 10 a.m., visitors come to the Wick began her project last summer with a Hirshhorn, the Arts and Industries Great Hall Reception Center. grant from AAS and continued this year Building, and the Castle, while Ms. Gast under a Smithsonian grant. covers the Museum of History and Crimilda Pontes received a special cita­ By Susanne Roschwalb Technology and the Museum of Natural tion from Secretary Ripley for "excellence History. Under their supervision, informa­ and an unflagging dedication to tion desk staff match docents with incom­ typographic tradition." A certificate, From Oregon comes a call: "My husband ing tour groups and dispense general infor­ designed by calligrapher John Everett is touring the Smithsonian and I need to mation. Benson of Newport, R.I., was presented in talk with him." From Texas a caller asks The Reception Center was established in tribute to Miss Pontes' 12 years of service at the hours of the "spice" exhibit. What spice the Castle in 1970, to coincide with the first the Smithsonian. exhibit? The one with the planes and issue of Smithsonian magazine, and serves Natalie Bigelow, designer with the rockets, of course. the National Associate membership and the Smithsonian Institution Press, has been In between come questions about the 15 general public. Ms. Potter, a Washingto­ elected second vice president of the Art pages of the Bible written on a dime, nian with experience as a YWCA program­ Directors' Club of Metropolitan Roman armor, and other artifacts the mer and a Girl Scout administrator, opened Washington. The group represents and sets Smithsonian never has had. the Center with 40 volunteers. Originally standards for the graphic arts community No matter what the question, "Ask the recruited by Joan Madden, now education here. Miss Bigelow's primary duty will be to Smithsonian" seems to be the popular coordinator in MNH; Susan Hamilton, chair the club's annual show. An active response perpetuated by the friendly at­ later named Bicentennial coordinator; and member for nine years, she recently com­ titude of the answer people who work at the William Grayson, who works as a special pleted a four-year term as board member Visitor Information and Associates Recep­ coordinator in the Office of Telecom­ and membership chairman. tion Center. munications, the volunteers had served on David Haberstich, MHT assistant People at the Reception Center answer an information desk at MNH. curator, Division of Photographic History, these inguiries by phone, mail, and in Information volunteers make up only is serving as a special consuftant to th-e Ex­ personseven oays a week. In 1976, S aff and one quarter of all volunteers at the Smithso­ tended Learning Institute of Northern volunteers logged some 200,000 calls and nian. Together with the docents and Virginia Community College. As such he is mailed 31,297 envelopes of written informa­ behind-the-scenes aides, they contributed a By Sidney Lawrence working with the TV producers of a series tion. Under Director Mary Grace Potter, total of 274,000 hours, valued at $2,806,000 on the history and esthetics of photography the 14-person staff is assisted by 400 to the Institution. There's a new look to the Hirshhorn which will be used as aids for courses at volunteers who are recruited, trained, According to Ms. Potter, information Museum's fountain plaza, where eight spec­ NVCC and other colleges and universities. scheduled, and briefed for their task. volunteers range in age from 18 to 80. They tacular banners in black, white, and six Edith Mayo, assistant curator, MHT Staff members include Sally Covel, include men and women from many ethnic colors are now hanging. Division of Political History, has been program coordinator for independent groups and nationalities. Conversant in The 22-foot nylon banners, suspended selected by the editorial board of Notable volunteer placement service, who places many languages including Arabic, from poles alongside gallery windows, were American Women to write a biographical behind-the-scenes volunteers with Smithso­ Hungarian, Portuguese, I talian, Spanish, designed by HMSG's exhibits and design article for their updated publication on nian staff who need assistance. German, and Swahili, to mention a few, department, headed by Joseph Shannon. sculptress Adelaide Johnson. Carolyn Clampitt is deputy for informa­ they serve an increasing number of visitors "The idea and conception for the banners Resident Associate Program Director tion services and her assistant, Jennifer Wil- from around the world. came from the director's office," said Mr. Janet Solinger conducted a seminar on Shannon, who added that "last year's ex­ "Creating, Promoting, and Managing hibition of Bicentennial banners brought an Adult Education Programs" for the Bureau impressive sense of color and festivity to the of Business and Technology of New York Tower Aids Tropical Studies inner court. We immediately started work­ City July 17-19 in Los Angeles. ing on a permanent, in-house display." Catherine Scott, NASM's librarian, was By Ira Rubinoff The earlier hangings, rectangular in elected project coordinator of the aerospace shape, had been installed in such a way that division of the Special Libraries Associa­ With the completion of a l38-foot scaf­ In addition to the environmental the 20 designs by such well-known contem­ tion. One of the division's projects is the folding tower on Barro Colorado Island in monitoring program, several other research porary artists as Marisol, Romare Bearden, "International Handbook of Aerospace the Canal Zone, scientists at the Smithso­ projects are using the tower. STRI Staff and Milton Glaser could easily be seen and Awards and Trophies" which will be nian Tropical Research Institute can now Biologist Egbert Leigh has studied the studied as individual images. published by the Smithsonian Institution study aspects of the rain forest environment structure of tropical forests in many areas The new project, however, called for a Press in late 1977. above, below, and within the forest canopy. of the world. In his recent studies from the more unified, graphic presentation. Mr. MHT Historian Sami Hamarneh was Tropical scientists have often found rain tower, Dr. Leigh has found the Barro Shannon asked Dennis Davis, HMSG elected vice president of the Institute of the forest ecosystems difficult to study because Colorado canopy to be much more ir­ designer-preparator, to explore the pos­ History of Pharmacy during the annual many very important processes take place regular and discontinuous than his ground sibilities for a banner scheme that would meeting held in New York in May. The in the canopy of the forest; often hundreds observations had indicated, a situation very best suit the inner plaza's circular space. paper he delivered at the meeting, "An 1884 of feet above the ground. similar to that in the Malaysian forests that Drawing from the original concept, American Pharmacy Reconstruction," was The Barro Colorado tower was con­ he recently observed. Davis used the HMSG circular logo, which published in the Pharmacy in History Jour­ structed under the direction of STRI Staff William Glanz, a Smithsonian postdoc­ was inspired by the Museum's unique nal, Volume 19 (1977). Dr. Hamarneh was Biologist Nicholas Smythe and his assis­ toral fellow, is studying patterns of habitat ground plan, and the Smithsonian sunburst also elected a member of the advisory board tant, Gary Stump, as an important element use among tropical mammals and has symbol as graphic elements appearing alter­ of Studies in History and Medicine, and in the long-term environmental monitoring found the tower very useful in observing nately on each of the eight banners. The serves as an editor of the Journal for the program on the island. The tower is located certain species of arboreal mammals. Thus secondary color spectrum of red, violet, History of Arabic S cience. in Lutz Ravine, an area in which climate, far 18 species of mammals have been seen blue, green, yellow, and orange makes a WaIter Boyne, NASM curator of hydrology, forest productivity and from the tower, including 11 largely noctur­ natural progression around this circular aeronautics, recently delivered a talk on phenomena, and animal population nal species. space. Banners in black and white, in­ NASM and Silver Hill to the National dynamics have been measured since 1972, dicating the presence and absence of all Pil ots Association in Kansas City, Mo. as part of the Smithsonian Environmental Dr. Rubinoff is director of STRI. color, also are here. Herbert Collins, curator of political Sciences Program. "We decided on a streamer format that history at MHT, was one of the 200 The tower, extending 24 feet above the would billow and furl with the wind but be (See 'Newsmakers,' Page 6) adjacent trees, forms an ideal location for stabilized by flag poles," said Mr. Davis. studying the microclimate at various levels Personnel Office Moves I nstalled just before the July fourth in the forest. Instruments have been instal­ weekend,· the banners will stay on view as led for the measurement of solar radiation The personnel office in the Arts long as the weather permits and be brought SMITHSONIAN TORCH and air temperature at several levels and Industries Building is being out again next spring. This permanent addi­ August 1977 throughout the canopy. remodeled and the staff has been ti on to the Museum's fountain plaza com­ The solar radiation studies, under the temporarily moved to the puppet plements " Summer Sculpture '77: Jules Published for Smithsonian Institution direction of William Klein of the Smithso­ theatre and room 1402. Staff can be Olitski," the current exhibition on the same perso nnel by the Office of Public Affairs: ni an R adiation Biology Laboratory, are reached on extensions 6557, 5736, or site of six monumental steel sculptures by Carl W. Larsen, Director; Susan Bliss. designed to compare the total incident solar 5396. one of America's outstanding abstract ar­ Editor; Kathryn Lindeman. Assistant. radiation at Barro Colorado with RBL sites tists. el sewhere in the world. Page 4 THE SMITHSONIAN TORCH August 1977 Jury Bestows Design A ward

The 1977 Bard Awards for Excellence in Architecture and Urban Design honored the Cooper-Hewitt Museum with an award August at the Smi of merit at a reception given by the spon­ sors, the City Club of New York, June 15 . The selecting jury praised the Carnegie mansion architects Hardy, Holzman, Pfeif­ fer Associates for their "interpretive restoration" when preparing the neo­ NMHT TUESDAY FILM : Last Wheel W orks. 1 p.m. ILLUSTRATED LECTURE: 22 Polish Textile Artists. A Georgian house to serve as a museum of 2 Carmichael Auditorium, History and Technology Building. 9 personal view of the participants in the current exhibition of design and decorative arts. It cited a sen­ TUES. FREE . TUES . the same name, and the varied techniques used by them to sitive translation and respect for the quality create their contemporary textiles. Speaker: Rita Adrosko, of the building in using the variety of in­ Curator, Division of Textiles. The slides show the artists in terior styles as an asset for displaying col­ 3 ILLUSTRATED LECTURE: Frock and Beauty: Th e Navajo their homes and studios. 12 noon. The Renwick Gallery. lections of design. WED. and Their Blankets. The strength of the Navajo culture seen FREE. Established in 1962, the awards program in the design of their blankets-the principal garment of the gives public recognition to the best of the Navajo and an expression of the individuality of the wearer NMHT TUESDAY FILM : The W orld of Franklin and city's architecture and urban design and en­ and the weaver-and the development of the designs from Jefferson. Produced by Charles Eames. 1 p.m. Carmichael courages architects and their clients to classical to animated lines and intense color. Speaker: Mary Auditorium, History and Technology Building. reach for higher standards of achievement. Kahlenberg, Curator, Textile and Costume Department, Los On June 21 , the Cooper-Hewitt also Angeles County Museum of Art. 8 p.m. Carmichael EARLY CLOSING received a citation from the New York Auditorium, History and Technology Building. $4.' Chapter of the American Institute of Th e President's Medal, an exhibition at the National Architects recognizing the Museum's "vote Portrait Gallery, has closed a month early to allow it to of confidence in the future of New York OUTDOOR CONCERTS be on view at the Johnson Library in Austin, Texas. and the historical continuity of cultural concerns" as demonstrated by its renova­ tion of an important landmark. Jazz, popular and rock music performed by The Commodores, 12 NATURAL HISTORY FILM: Zoos of the W orld. Glimpses The United States Navy Band's jazz ensemble. Mall entrance, of zoos around the world and the changes that are being FRI. Museum of History and Technology. Wednesdays, August 3, effected. A National Geographic film . 12 noon. Baird 10 and 17. 6:30 p.m. FREE. Auditorium, History and Technology Building. FREE . Archives Offers Course ILLUSTRATED LECTURE: M oons of Mars. The knowledge 4 ILLUSl RATED LECTURE: Grass. The forms and traditions that has been gained about Phobos and Deimos in the 100 that have developed around the use of grass for utilitarian, years since they were discs>vered by Asaph Hall, including "Going to the Source: An Introduction THU. decorative and symbolic objects. Speaker: Mary Hunt data retrieved by Mariner 9. Speaker: Dr. Joseph Veverka, to Research in Archives," a three-day Kahlenberg, coordinator of the exhibition on grass opening course offered by GSA, will be held Oc­ Cornell University astronomy professor. 7:30 and 9 p .m. August 5 at the Renwick Gallery, and Curator, Textile and Einstein Spacearium, National Air and Space Museum. For tober 25-28 at the National Archives. The Costume Department, Los Angeles County Museum of Art. tickets call 381-4193, Monday through Friday between 9 lecture-laboratory course is intended for 8 p.m. The Renwick Gallery. FREE. a.m. and 5 p .m . FREE . curators, historians, scientists, and librarians. The cost, including materials, is EXHIBITION: Grass. Approximately 550 works illustrate CONCERT: Songs of the Renaissance for Lute and Voice. $50. For more information, call 523-3298. 5 how many types of natural grasses have been used to make 14 James Bowman, counter tenor, and Howard Bass, lute, will FRI. both functional and decorative objects in many cultures. SUN. perform. 4:30 p .m. Hall of Musical Instruments, History Among the items displayed are an Egyptian necklace, a and Technology Building. FREE. Japanese raincoat, Swiss lace, Indonesian wine container, Renwick Shows Iroquois mask, Zulu beer strainer, Amazon mating dance 15 ILLUSTRATED LECTURE: The Pursuit of Reason: Lan­ dress and a 12th century Peruvian basket, the oldest object guage Learning by Chimpanzees. Dr. Duane Rumbaugh, of MON. in the show. Organized by the Los Angeles County Museum the Georgia State University and the Yerkes Regional Pri­ Works of Grass of Art and supported by a grant from the National mate Research Center, describes his research with the chimp Endowment for the Arts. The Renwick Gallery. Through Lana. He will show a film of Lana learning to read and write February 20 . in Yerkish, a new language developed for use with a com­ puter, and will discuss Lana's capacity to reason, substitute NATURAL HISTORY FILM : Crab Nebula. Knowledge new words and initiate conversa tion. 8 p.m. Bai rd about the origins and perhaps the ultimate destruction of the Auditorium, Natural History Building. $4 .' universe gained from studies of the Crab Nebula. 12 noon. Baird Auditorium, Natural History Building. FREE . 7 EXHIBITION: Focusing on America. Rare maps, early Additional Associates surveying equipment, personal diaries and documents show SUN. the emergence of mapping and surveying in America from Activities pre-Columbian times to the 19th century. A 1753 map of The Smithsonian Resident Associates sponsor a variety Virginia by Joshua Fry and Peter Jefferson is included along of activities including classes, workshops and tours for with rare maps from the 15th and 16th centuries and a both adults and children. For schedules, fees or other military reconnaissance map from the 1840's. Scheduled in information, call 381-5157. conjunction with the seventh International Conference on the History of Cartography. Museum of History and Tech­ nology, through February 1978. WORKSHOPS Natural Dyeing. September 24 . Grass decoration from the Renwick show Hand-Spun Yarns. September 10. radio smithsonian It covers one-quarter of the earth's sur­ TOURS face and provides food for grazing animals. Golden Years of Flight at the Bealeton Air Circus. But for centuries people have cut, carved, Radio Smithsonian, a program of music and conversation August 21. twined, bound, coiled, and weaved this ver­ growing out of the Institution's many activities, is blOadcast Archeological Excavating-St. Mary's County, Md. satile material to produce both decorative every Sunday on WGMS-AM (570) and FM (103 .56) from August 20 . and utilitarian objects. 9-9:30 p.m. The program schedule for August: Model of the Chesapeake Bay. August 17. "Grass," opening at the Renwick Gallery Smithsonian Gardens Tour. August 12 and 13 August 5, brings to view about 550 works 7th-Aaron Burr, Hero or Villain? One of the most Sunday at the Goddard Space Center. August 21. made of natural grasses including a 12th­ controversial and colorful figures in our history, now the Woodend Nature Walk. August 20, 21, 27 and 28. century Peruvian basket, Swiss lace, an In­ subject of an exhibition at the National Portrait Gallery. Fresh Water Aquariums. August 25, 26. donesian wine container, an Egyptian Viewing the Deep. August 18. necklace, an Iroquois mask, and an Patrons and the Arts. Patrons from Lorenzo de' Medici to Mesozoic Rocks of Loudoun County, Va. August 13, Amazon mating dance dress. Gertrude Stein and their influence on cultural history. 27. Historic Winchester and the Wayside Theatre. August Mary Hunt Kahlenberg, coordinator of 14th- Nanette: An Exaggeration. Edwards Park of Smithson­ the exhibit and curator of textiles and 20. ian magazine reflects lovingly on his World War II plane-the Canal Clipper Cruise. September 16, 17, 23, 24 . costumes at the Los Angeles County finest friend a fighter pilot ever had. Three Women of the Arts. Museum of Art, said that the objects were Emmy Award-winner Perry Miller Adato shares anecdotes and CHILDREN'S WORKSHOPS inspired by figurative representations of the insights into her filmed documentaries of Gertrude Stein, Mary fertility spirit, and that they "provide a Cassatt, and Georgia O 'Keefe. Drawing Dinosaurs. August 8 or 9. Ages 4-6, 7-9 . valuable if fragile link with centuries of Pressing Summer Flowers. August 15, 17. Ages 7-9, anonymous craftsmen." 21st- Pioneers in California. The work of California painters 10-13. The exhibition, organized by the Los and sculptors from 1900 to 1976, featured in a current Sketching Summer Wildlife. August 1 or 2. Ages 4-6, Angeles County Museum of Art, is sup­ exhibition and discussed by Henry Hopkins, director of the San 7-9 . ported by a grant from the National En­ Francisco Museum of Modern Art. dowment for the Arts and continues CLASSES through February 20. 28th-A Piece of the Auction. The function, purpose and pitfalls of auctions, discussed by Robert Wooley, Senior Cinema : Actors and Acting. Conducted by Joel Siegel. Vice-President of Sotheby Parke Bernet. Portraits in Photo­ Wednesdays. 13 weeks beginning September 7. graphy. A look at the National Portrait Gallery's new Depart­ The Splendor of Byzantine Art. Conducted by James SIWC Calls for Bids ment of Photographs includes rare images from Thoreau to Carder. Thursdays, Five weeks beginning Sept. 8. Leadbelly. The Smithsonian Women's Council will Copperplate- An exploration of English Round Hand. accept nominations for their 1977 officers Wednesdays. Four weeks beginning September 7. from August 15 through September I. Peti­ ·Sponsored by the Resident Associate Program of the tions and ballots will be distributed by Smithsonian. Discounts are available for members. For Invitation to the Dance. Performances, demonstrations timekeepers, and voting will be held attendance or other information call 381-5157. Unless and lectures with George Gelles, Maida Withers and between September 19 and October 14. For otherwide indicated, tickets should be purchased in Guest companies. Eight sessions beginning Sept. 23. more information, contact Carolyn Wood, advance, and will be sold at the door only if available. ext. 6547, or Rosemary DeRosa, ext. 6772. August 1977 THE SMITHSONIAN TORCH Page 5 hsonian Institution

NATURAL HISTORY FILM : Lost World of the Maya. The ancient and modern Mayan worlds as seen by Dr. Eric METRO-SMITHSONIAN Thompson. A NOVA film. 12 noon. Baird Auditorium, Natural History Building. FREE . The Smithsonian Station, part of the Metro Phase II, is SI LOVES METRO . . . Six hundred open on the south side of the Mall at 12th Street. CREA TlVE SCREEN: Three films shown in conjunction eighty-five Smithsonian staffers gathered in Visitors will now have access to the Smithsonian 30 with the current exhibition 22 Polish Textile Artists. See the new Metro station on June 17 for a museums on the Mall via the Metro subway's "sideways TUES. August 16 for program details. Complete showings 11 a .m ., guided tour and explanation of the system elevators" from as far away as National Airport or RFK 12:15 and 1:30 p .m. The Renwick Gallery. FREE. by Metro officials. The initiation must have Stadium. This metro line also connects with the original helped because an unofficial count shows four miles at Metro Center, 11th and G Streets, N.W. that delighted station users include many SI The subway operates Monday through Friday, 6 a.m. to NMHT TUESDAY FILM: City Out of Wilderness: employees who had never ridden the Metro 8 p.m. Washington. 1 p.m. Carmichael Auditorium, History and until the blue line opened on July I. In the Technology Building. FREE . photograph, a group of employees tryout an automatic farecard machine. 16 CREATIVE SCREEN: Three films shown in conjunction ILLUSTRATED LECTURE: Volcano Watching at Kilauea, with the current exhibition 22 Polish Textile Artists. 31 Hawaii, and La Soufriere, Guadeloupe. The techniques of TUES. Magdalena Abakanowicz-one of Poland's outstanding WED. measuring the inflation of volcanoes prior to eruption and textile artists and her three-dimensional sculpture tapestries; the insights provided by studies of the functioning of Book Clubs Select 1 + 34 million-the people of Poland seen at work and at volcanoes and predictions of their future behavior. Speaker: play in Warsaw; Abakanowicz in Australia-the artist Dr. Richard Fiske, Curator of Mineral Sciences, formerly SI Press Offering arranges an exhibition of her woven works. Complete with the Volcano Hazards Program of the U.S. Geological showings 11 a.m., 12:15 and 1:30 p.m. The Renwick Survey. 8 p.m. Baird Auditorium, Natural History Gallery. FREE . Building. $4 .• By Johnnie Douthis

NMHT TUESDAY FILM: Working Places. The rehabilita­ "The Smithsonian Collection of News­ tion and reuse of obsolescent industrial structures. 1 p .m. paper Comics," is the first Smithsonian Carmichael Auditorium, History and Technology Building. Press book to be selected as an alternate FREE. special features choice by the Book of the Month Club and the Playboy Book Club. Both will feature EXHIBITION: Fourteen Works by Arthur B. Carles the book among their 1977 Christmas offer­ 18 HISTORY & TECHNOLOGY BUILDING [1882-1952). pioneer American modernist whose career ings. THU. spanned the first half of the 20th century. From the Edited by Bill Blackbeard, director of the Hectricity: 20-minute programs of experiments and discus­ Museum's permanent collections. Hirshhorn Museum and sions of Ben Franklin's achievements as scientist and statesman. San Francisco Academy of Comic Art, and Sculpture Garden. 11 a.m.-2 p.m. Tuesdays through Fridays. 1st Floor. Martin Williams, since 1971 director of the Jazz and Popular Culture Program of the LECTURE: Eakins, a Dissenting View. Speaker: Alfred Smithsonian's Division of Performing Arts, Frankenstein, Art Critic, San Francisco Chronicle. Schedul­ Spirit of 1776: The everyday life of the citizen-soldier during the book covers 80 years of comics from the ed in conjunction with the exhibition currently at the the American Revolution. Tuesdays through Saturdays, 11 1896 "Yellow Kid" to "Doonesbury." a.m. to 2 p .m. Armed Forces Hall, 3rd Floor. Museum. 8 p.m . Auditorium, Hirshhorn Museum and Originals of the book illustrations came Sculpture Garden. FREE . from the archives of the Academy, which is NATIONAL AIR AND SPACE MUSEUM a nonprofit educational institution founded 19 NATURAL HISTORY FILM : Th e Making of a Natura l by Mr. Blackbeard in 1967. FRr _HistOLy Fil ~ehind-th~sceneS-loQk_ aLsome of t reI-rxl: we,oeputy director of the Press, . preparation and photographic techniques used in filming To Fly-aTilmed trip thro"Ugh thehlst ory of flight from balloons to rockets. Continuous showings beginning daily said that in order to broaden sales, they natural sequences. A NOVA film. 12 noon. Baird chose Harry N. Abrams, Inc. to copublish Auditorium, Natural History Building. FREE . 10:30 a .m . 50 cents adults, 25 cents children, students and senior citizens. the book. Abrams will handle retail sales SKY LECTURE: Our Island Universe-the Milky Way. while the Press retains direct mail, museum 20 Monthly lecture by National Air and Space Museum staff, Albert Einstein Spacearium-Cosmic Awakening. The concept shops, and book club sales. SAT. followed by a discussion of celestial events due to occur in of the universe as it has changed over the past 200 years. 50 Hope Pantell edited the 336-page the coming month. 9 a .m . Einstein Spacearium, NASM. cents adults, 25 cents children, students and senior citizens. 30 volume, which was designed by Betty Sur, Tickets required. Call 381-4193 weekdays between 9 a.m. minute programes begin daily 12:45 p.m. working closely with the copublisher. and 5 p.m. FREE. Editorial Assistant Judy Wilder checked NA TIONAL COLLECTION OF FINE ARTS copyright clearances and assisted the editors in organization of the manuscript. 23 CARIBBEAN GALA: Performance by Victor Brady on the Explore Gallery. Textures, colors, shapes and sounds introduce According to Acting Director Edward steel piano, an instrument that originated on the island of children to art. Self-guided treasure hunt tours available. Rivinus, comic strips reflect a uniquely TUES . Trinidad in 1946 and referred to also as the steel drum. A Adults need not accompany children. American cultural development, making reception with ambassadors from Caribbean nations will them a subject particularly appropriate for follow. Co-organized by the Caribbean-American Intercul­ publication by the Smithsonian. Included in NA TURAL HISTORY BUILDING tural Organization to pay tribute to newly independent the "Smithsonian Collection" are some Caribbean nations. 8 p.m. Baird Auditorium, Natural Discovery Room. Visitors of all ages can touch, handle and comics which have left permanent marks on History Building. $5 .· smell a wide variety of natural history specimens. Monday American speech and cultural traditions. through Thursday, 12-2:30 p .m .; Friday through Sunday, "The Yellow Kid" of 1896 was the first NMHT TUESDAY FILMS: Portrait of a Railroad; and 10:30 a.m.-3:30 p.m. authentic comic strip. It was carried in the Mo vin ' On. 1 p.m. Carmichael Auditorium, History and New York World and later in Hearst's New Technology Building. FREE . Naturalist Center. Natural History specimens, reference books York Journal, which was printed on yellow and equipment for use by serious amateur naturalists. paper. The comic strip is credited with the Designed for individual self-development, therefore not open PIONEER AIRCRAIT. Multi-media show spanning air­ first use of the term "yellow journalism." 24 craft history from the early 1908 Junebug to the Bucker to organized groups. Wednesday through Saturday, 10:30 a .m . WED. to 4 p.m. Sundays, 12 noon to 5 p .m . Museum of Natural The book contains 763 illustrations, with Jungmeister, 1938. With slides, the uses and development of more than 100 pages in color. A run of pioneer aircraft are discussed. Speaker: Dave Fox, Master History. For information call 381-6204. 40,000 will be printed simultaneously in Pilot World War I and earlier aircraft, Old Rhinebeck paperback and hard cover, at a cost of Aerodrome. Mr. Fox, at age 14, was the world's youngest NATIONAL ZOO $12.50 and $27.50. parachute jumper and barnstormer. 8 p .m . Baird Audito­ rium, Natural History Building. $4 .• Zoodle Doodle Show. Question and answer program per­ formed by five-foot high marionettes and hand puppets that 26 EXHIBITION: We Were But a Handful. The story of the teach zoo etiquette-how animals in zoos should be treated. Books by 81 People Woman's Party from Seneca Falls to the passage of the 19th Sponsored by Friends of the National Zoo. Performances every FRI. Amendment. The important episodes in the long decades hour from 10:30 a .m. to 3:30 p.m. Smithsonian staff members who have leading to the 19th Amendment are depicted through authored, edited, or illustrated books may portraits and photographs, documents, personal objects, Glockenspiel Recitals. By Carilloneurs from this country and notify SI Press Deputy Director Felix banners, pins, cartoon, flyers and other campaign material. abroad. 11 a .m., Saturdays. Lowe, so that their work can be publicized Commemorates the anniversary of the ratification signing in in Torch. 1920. National Portrait Gallery, through February 28. This month's books include: "American Carriages, Sleighs, Sulkies FIRST ANNUAL FRISBEE FESTIVAL and Carts," edited by Don Berkebile, MHT; continuing films September 4 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. Dover Books, 1977. "Costume Display Techniques" by WORKSHOPS that teach both basic skills and Karyn Jean Harris, MHT; American As­ CELEBRATING A CENTURY. Smithsonian-produced film on advanced techniques, DEMONSTRATIONS by master sociation for State and Local History, 1977. the 1876 Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia. Arts and tossers, and general FRISBEE THROWING. Picnics are "Museum Security" by Robert Tillotson, Industries Building-ll:30 a .m . and 2 p.m., Monday through encouraged. National Mall at 4th Street, East of the MHT; International Committee on Friday. History and Technology Building-ll:30 a.m., National Air and Space Museum. Raindate: September Museum Security, International Council of Monday, Wednesday and Thursday. FREE. 5. For information call 381-6264. Museums, 1977. Also collaborating on the book were Robert Burke, OPS, and Philip THE FACES OF FREEDOM. The creation of the gallery and Lundeberg, MHT. the historical events represented by its collections. Narrated by "Legacy of Flight: The Guggenheim Charlton Heston. Continuous showings every half hour 11:30 The Smithsonian monthly CALENDAR OF EVENTS is pre­ Contribution to American Aviation" by a.m. to 3 p.m., daily. Screening Room, National Portrait pared by the Office of Public Affairs. Editor: Lilas Wiltshire. Richard Hallion, NASM; University of Gallery. FREE . Deadline for September calendar entries: August 1. Washington Press, 1977. Page 6 THE SMITHSONIAN TORCH August 1977 Woman Restores Old Aircraft at NASM Facility By Lynne Murphy While a secretary in the Museum of and a half years ago. She has moved air­ History and Technology's exhibits office, planes around with heavy equipment, built "When I was little, I'd look people she began volunteering at Silver Hill in the crates for a rtifacts to be moved to NASM, straight in the eyes and tell them I wanted evenings and on Saturdays. cleaned and restored a number of aircraft, to be an aircraft mechanic when I grew up," "Even then, it was rough to convince and worked in collections maintenance as said Pat Williams, the only woman who people that prior job experience as a well as the shop. restores aircraft at the National Air and Among all her restorations two jobs Space Museum's Silver Hill facility. stand out. "I loved restoring the fuselage "All my life I've enjoyed tinkering with and engine of the Langley Aerodrome things," she said. "Dad had a shop at home model. Those old metals are fascinating to and we had lots of projects." work with and the older craft are so dif­ Ms. Williams started her handiwork at ferent from the contemporary ones." The age six when she built a functioning pad­ 1896 Aerodrome model hangs in NASM's dlewheel for the creek in back of her house. Milestones of Flight Area. Her other Soon she advanced to sketches of crazy fly­ favorite was the Pilgrim gondola that is ing devices and balsa wood models of her now in the Balloons and Airships gallery. inventions. "They never worked," she al­ "I always said I'd never fly planes until I lowed. But growing up during World War understood how they work," Ms. Williams II she persevered anyway, her interest in said. "When I took flying lessons, I realized NPG PRESIDENTIAL PORTRAITS FOR airplanes perpetuated by her family who I'd rather work on one than pilot one. SALE ... Douglas Chandor's famous were all flyers. "It's heaven to get paid for work you portrait of Franklin Delano Roosevelt at "I had a treehouse during the war which love. And the hassles involved with not fol­ the Yalta Big Three meeting is one of many became my B-17. If I couldn't get a crew of lowing a tradiational female path are worth star attractions in the NPG Hall of Presi­ kids on the block, it became a Corsair, and it if what you are doing is important to dents. Visitors have long asked about the I flew it myself." you." Not until 20 years later did Ms. Williams possibility of buying a reproduction of this handsome 1945 painting. Now they can. think seriously about working with aircraft. Pat Williams The NPG Museum Shop is selling a set of She had worked occasionally with Come In, NN3S1 14 Presidential portrait reproductions for sophisticated plastic models, began her own secretary did not preclude my ability to The FCC has extended for four years the only 50¢ each. The ready-for-framing extensive aviation library, continued going become a museum technician and work full operation of radio station NN3SI in MHT's 11 x 14-inch color prints would make a to air shows, and began to spend time with time in the shop," she said, "There was a lot "Nation of Nations" exhibit. More than six perfect gift item for student of all ages. people who were building their own air­ of resentment towards me at first." million visitors have toured the exhibition and planes. Her present career evolved from this Ms. Williams has done lots of different seen the operation of the ham radio station interest. things since she began at Silver Hill three since it was installed last June. Lunch Among the

Twenty-five years: William Haase, Calvin structors were themselves graduates of the Beasts and Bowers INewsmakers' Price, Wilma Riley, and Riddick Vann, ex­ course. (Continued from Page 3) hibits; George Ford, invertebrate zoology; Hidden in the woods between the bird Brock Holmes, DPA recordings product Clarence Douglas, Office of the Building house and the elephant house at the Zoo is Americans interviewed for Roy Hoopes' Manager, and John Ott, paleobiology. coordinator, is the director of "Trilite," a the new "Wine and Cheese Kiosk." For candid narrative, "Americans Remember Twenty year emblems were presented to jazz-rock group which recently appeared on $3.50 you can buy a basket with bread WJAL-TV's "A.M. Washington." The the Home Front." The 400-page book, Gordon Gibson, anthropology, Patricia sticks, rolls, cheeses, pate, a piece of fruit, group, which writes its own material, per­ published by Hawthorne Books, recounts Turner, education; Eugene Behlen and Karl and a small bottle of wine. The kiosk is forms each Sunday in the "Artists in Ac­ life in the United States from the attack on Jurack, exhibits; Henry Jones, Oceano­ open Wednesdays through Sundays, 10 tion" program, sponsored by Summer in Pearl Harbor to V-J Day. Collins' graphic Sorting Center. a.m. to 5 p.m. reminiscences appear in four separate sec­ the Parks. tions. Bernice Abram, personnel management The Bart J. Bok Prize has been awarded At the recent International Council of specialist, was a guest on WGA Y's "A City to CFA's Eric Chaisson in recognition of his MHT Starts Fashion Hunt Museums meetings in Leningrad, Robert Involved," discussing summer activities at "original contribution to astronomy." The Tillotson, assistant director for administra­ If you have an Adrian gown, suit, or the Smithsonian. fund for this cash prize was contributed by tion at MHT, was re-elected by acclama­ an anonymous donor in honor of Professor dress stashed in your closet or basement, tion, to a three-year term as chairman of the Eleanor Finke, chief of NCFA's Office of Bok and is awarded annually. As is it's time to take it out of mothballs and let I nternational Committee on Museum the experts look at it. MHT is in the process Slides and Photography, has been named traditional, Dr. Chaisson presented a Bok Security. Philip Lundeberg, curator of chairperson of Georgetown University's Prize Lecture in the Phillips Auditorium, of adding to its Adrian collection and MHT's Division of Naval History, was re­ documenting the work of this popular Faculty Wives Art Appreciation Group for May 31. His subject was "Radio Recom­ elected secretary of the same committee. designer of the 1930's and 1940's. Adrian, the 1977-78 academic year. bination-Line Spectroscopy." Major projects for the next three years in­ who sold in Washington exclusively clude consulting with museums in Asia on Renwick Director Lloyd Herman was in­ through Garfinckel's is credited with security matters and developing training vited by the Western States Foundation to creating the first truly American silhouette. films for museums around the world. serve on a panel which will select eight REDUCED PRICES ... Admission prices His broad-shouldered "coat hanger look," Recently 49 MNH staff members craftsmen from II member states to receive for the film and planetarium showing in the with its slim skirt and detailed jacket, was received career service emblems for service fellowships. Air and Space Museum have been reduced to the height of chic in the early forties. A ranging from 10 to 35 years. Thirty-five 50 cents for adults and 25 cents for children. benefit party for the Smithsonian's year emblems were presented to Robert Frances Wein, NPG editor, gave lectures "To Fly" is shown daily beginning at 10:30 Costume Research Fund, featuring an ex­ Elder, anthropology; Hilton Pierce, botany; on book indexing and reproduction rights a.m. with the last show at 8:15 p.m. "Cosmic hibition of Adrian fashions from private Karl Krombein, entomology; Joseph during the 30th anniversary session of the Awakening" in the Albert Einstein collections will be held October 7 at Gar­ Sparagna, Office of the Building Manager. Radcliffe Publishing Course in JUly. Ms. Spacearium is also shown continuously finckel's. For further information about Thirty years of service: Charles Handley Wein accompanied her lecture with a dis­ beginning at 12:45 p.m. weekdays and 10:30 Adrian or the benefit, contact the costume and Henry Setzer, vertebrate zoology. play on publishing in Washington. All in- a.m. Saturdays and Sundays. office at ext. 6652. Archives Supporters Tour N. Y. Shoreline By Emily Nathan Central's private police force took things That the name of Ellis Island comes from That two of the fortifications built at that into their own hands and subdued the gang a Manhattan butcher, Samuel Ellis, who time, 1808-1811, are Castle Williams on On a gusty, rainy evening in June, several with violent measures; bought the island about 1765 and sold it to Governors Island and Castle Clinton at the hundred hardy supporters of the Archives That Red Hook, a similar area in New York State which immediately turned southern tip of Manhattan which once of American Art and the Citizens Commit­ Brooklyn was the place where Al Capone it over to the Federal Government as a housed the aquarium: tee for Children boarded a Circle Line boat got hi s start before he moved to Chicago; place to build fortifications; That Othmar Ammann, who designed at 43rd Street and the Hudson River in New the Verrazano Narrows Bridge, also York City for a three-hour tour of the designed the George Washington Bridge harbor. and the Bayonne Bridge; Russell Lynes, past president and That because Ammann wanted the longtime trustee of theArchives, and John bridge to be as inconspicuous as possible­ Kouwenhoven, a member of its advisory "the color of atmosphere and water"- committee, brought history to life with a 36,000 gallons of gray paint were required; commentary on the development of the That the bridge is named for the great shoreline and harbor. Florentine navigator, Giovanni Verrazano, who is thought to have discovered New Mr. Lynes is the a uthor of several books York by entering the New York Bay in about the art world, including "Good Old 1524; Modern," an intimate portrait of the That he is said to have been killed and Museum of Modern Art. Mr. Kouwen­ eaten by the Carib Indians as he waded hoven, for many years professor of art ashore. history and English at Barnard College, is No one hit the exact number for the also an author whose works include "Made ship's pool, which was based on the hour, in America," the arts in modern civiliza­ minute, and second that the boat would tion. pass Red Hook, so souvenir New York har­ Gourmet picnic suppers with rare wines ~ } bor pin trays were given for the 10 nearest a nd champagne were consumed as guesses. ~ fascinated listeners learned from the two c As the boat came up the Hudson past the speakers: ;:;...~;,~~".o:: glow of the Statue of Liberty and the spec­ That they had embarked at the north end ~ tacular view of skyscrapers on lower of what was once known as Hell's Kitchen, ..: Manhattan, a weary but exhilarated group an area with a lurid reputation built up disembarked at what they now know was after the Civil War when a gang from across the north end of Hell's Kitchen, with cheers Manhattan raided the railroad depots and for the two distinguished social historians freight cars of the New York Central and for their unparalleled tales of New York old Hell's Kitchen, New York City, late 1800's terrorized the region until New York and new. August 1977 THE SMITHSONIAN TORCH Page 7 C-H Curator Scours Country, Archives for Resort Memorabilia ticle on the subject for Smithsonian is the Madonna Inn of San Luis Obispo, magazine, was very helpful on initial leads, Calif. Owned and operated by Alex and and photographer' John Margolies con­ Phyllis Madonna, the motel is known far tributed pictures of motels along Route 66. and wide for its California rococo style. I approached the resorts and motels directly Hanging in the middle of the Cooper­ with requests for pictures, postcards, or Hewitt gallery are clear mylar banners whatever they could donate," said M r. showing a complete set of postcards Oliver. depicting the unique decor in each of the Madonna's 100 rooms. "Many photographs turned up in the Detroit Publishing Company Archives in "The only lim itation on this show was its the Library of Congress. Around the turn size," said Mr. Oliver. " But I think it will be of the century, the company photographed provocative for what is missing as well as a great number of resorts in the United what is included. Perhaps people will feel States." strongly enough to let me know their favorite vacation spots, which they want to Pictures of the national park hotels came see represented. from the National Archives, and material about New York City establishments came "We did the exhibition on a shoestring," from the Museum of the City of New York. he continued, "but hope that we may be able to rework it later so that it can travel to All of the motels and resorts included other museums." were built within the last 100 years, Mr. Oliver explained, because it was in the 1870's that the era of the spectacular resort really began, when Americans started to SI in the Media travel. A Martha's Vineyard guesthouse from the Cooper-Hewitt exhibition "The hottest year had to have been 1888, Local Press Covers when no fewer than three major resorts By Susan Bliss that give the places a special atmosphere: opened: the Mohonk Mountain House in Kin & Communities For people who defer their summer vaca­ menus, matchbooks, stationery, and towels. tlhe Catskills, the Hotel del Coronado in tion to later in the fall, there's an exhibition The photographs and artifacts all were California, and the Ponce de Leon in St. By Johnnie Douthis at New York's Cooper-Hewitt Museum gathered since May 1 in a "blitz" of let­ Augustine, Fla. that can help them get in the mood for terwriting, telephoning, and archival Another wave of openings occurred in "Kin and Communities" travel. research, said Richard Oliver, curator of 1920, when the automobile made travel Michael Kernan seemed to enjoy cover­ ing the symposium for the Washington Post . "Palaces for the People," on exhibit now architecture and design, who organized the easier and motels came into vogue. The "The Smithsonian knows a lot about study­ through September 11, highlights resort show with the help of volunteer Nancy 1950's were the years of the great Miami ing the past by now, and Wilton Dillon, its and motel architecture in the continental Ferguson, an art history and preservation hotels built by Morris Lapidus: the Fon­ director of symposia and seminars, outdid United States with photographs, models, student at Columbia University. tainbleau, Eden Roc, and the Americana. himself this year," Kernan wrote. "He gave and postcards, plus many of the artifacts "Jeffrey Limmerick, who is writing an ar- They are represented by photographs in the us insights into the nature of the historical C-H exhibition. process, presented with the Institution's One of the most unusual establishments customary professional competence. But NPG Shows Civil War Sketches also he got across something that is almost demonstrate Chapman's acute powers of impossible for a conference to express: the observation and painstaking regard for charming casualness of family life itself, the detail. NPG Given Portrait friendly connectings, the caring." Unfortunately, few of his fellow A n article by Betty J ames of the southerners ever saw Chapman's work: the Washington Star said that Dr. Dillon South lacked a successful illustrated news­ Of Warhol by Wyeth believes that "good friends can play the paper in which he could publish his artistic supportive role traditionally taken by kin." record of the war. Over a three-month period in 1975, ar­ A review of M HT's associated exhibit, Winslow Homer, the second artist tists Jamie Wyeth and Andy Warhol simul­ " Reunions," written by Louise Lague in the featured in "Civil War Artists," enjoyed a t.aneously made portraits of each other. One Washington Star observed that although the much wider audience through the pages of of Wyeth's studies of Warhol has been ac­ show is small, "it collects poignant symbols ..-.:.r-~--,".. u,po:-.'-'>-=-I' I'- =' '''':J_~ul'-p.cisingl¥r-h-ow..el q uirecLb¥-=-ihed!!l.ational~rtrai GaUer* J ese .assi ng rituals where being his output during the war was small. He did The portrait, a gouache, is a gift of the Coe together is more important than having -not begin oil painting until 1861 and so Kerr Gallery in New York. fun." spent much of his time over the next several Warhol and Wyeth approached the pro­ Fourth of July Celebration years experimenting. Nevertheless, when he ject from totally different stylistic view­ Alan Kriegsman, dance CrItIC for the did choose to accompany the Union army points: Warhol as the producer 'of almost Washington Post, previewed the celebra­ and sketch its activities, he refused to sub­ industrialized art, and Wyeth as a contem­ tion's social dance event, writing that the ordinate his artistic creativity to the de­ porary realist. Famous for his repetitive performances "may be a step or two ahead mands of place or event. silkscreen portraits of Marilyn Monroe, of the times." Unlike most of his colleagues, Homer Warhol took many Polaroid photos of A Washington Post report on the chose to concentrate on the soldiers rather Wyeth to use for the silks~reen images that festivities described the weekend as than the events of the war .. As the draw­ constituted his finished portrait. "homey." ings on display at the NPG ilIustrate, he At the same time, Wyeth, son of painter The Zoo OUR SPE'CIAl. ' became an effective and forceful pictorial Andrew Wyeth, produced a number of Washington Star reporter Thomas Cros­ historian of the ordinary soldier. His studies in various media, one of which is the by continues to write informative articles Winslow Homer, self portait anonymous characters possess a universal NPG's austere image of Warhol, which can about the Zoo. His latest included a com­ quality transcending the particular and be seen on the Gallery's first floor until plete description of the new habitats now recording the age-old predicaments of November 20 when it will be placed in the under construction for northern American By Rick Beard soldiers at war. reserve collection. NPG 's charter beavers, South American bush dogs, Cana­ proscribes placing on permanent view dian river otters, timber wolves, harbor Nowadays even the most casual observer Rick Beard is a research historian at N PG, portraits of persons not dead 10 years. seals, and California sea lions. is deluged with photographs of news events, Painting and Sculpture in California but scarcely more than a century ago the ex­ Art critic Hilton Kramer of the New act opposite was the case. During the Civil York Times thought that the show gave an War the public was forced to rely on il­ accurate account of its subject. Kramer lustrated newspapers and the artists who Electric Citicar Joins SI Fleet found the paintings of the forties and fifties went into the field for visual accounts of to be the most interesting parts of the show, military action. along with related works from earlier and The National Portrait GalIery's current later periods. small exhibition, "Civil War Artists," Silver Jubilee at MHT features works by two of the war recorders, Sarah Booth Conroy, wrItmg in the Conrad Wise Chapman and Winslow Washington Post. said that the Royal Homer. Their drawings and watercolors are Crown Derby tureen, which was given to on loan from the Valentine Museum in President Ford by Queen Elizabeth II, Richmond, Va., and the Cooper-Hewitt "helps one understand why President and Museum and will be on view at NPG Mrs. Carter have asked that state gifts be through September 5. limited only to a n exchange of Conrad Wise Chapman, born in Virginia photographs. " but raised in Rome, did alI of his work Other Smithsonian Mentions while serving as a Confederate soldier. Ada Louise Huxtable of the New York Although he fought at Shiloh, he spent Times described the exhibition "Two most of his military career on garrison duty Hundred Years of American Architectural and thus most of his sketches are a personal Drawing" at the Cooper-Hewitt as a superb record of his experiences. Only during 1863 show. She commented, "Many of the draw­ and early 1864 did Chapman's work assume ings are breathtaking in their technical a more serious nature, when General P. G. mastery and excessive skills, and their T. Beauregard ordered him to depict the beauty is further enriched by their revela­ forts and batteries of Charleston harbor. tion of conceptual ideals." These sketches and watercolors, some of "The faces are marvelous," wrote which are included in the NPG exhibit, Michael Kernan in a Washington Post review of NPG's new film "The Faces of Communications Branch Chief Steven Bullock sits behind the wheel of the Smithso­ Freedom." nian's new electric Sebring Vanguard Citicnr. The car, which will be used for short CONSIDER THE HEA VENS ... If you're runs around town, has a top speed of 35 to 38 miles per hour and will run 40 to 50 Joseph McLellan of the Washington in Boston some time this summer, go to the Post's Book World found "Washington on miles before it must be recharged by being plugged into a regular wall outlet over­ rooftop of CFA's obervatory complex at 60 Foot" published by the Smithsonian In­ night. The light blue Citicar is temporarily garaged at the Museum of Natural Garden Street for stargazing sessions at dusk History. stitution Press, to be an extremely well every Friday evening through August 26. prepared book. Page 8 THE SMITHSONIAN TORCH August 1977 Boats, Bike Shows, Music Enthrall Crowds 'July 4' (Continued from Page I)

duty, and it was just my luck to be assigned for the July fourth weekend," said Captain Terrell, who arrived for work every morn­ ing at 7:30 and completed his duty at 11:30 p.m. on Monday. "If I hadn't been working," he went on, "I would have been cooking out just like everyone else. Maybe I'll have a chance to do that next year." Inside the Museum, Margaret Shelly, a registered nurse in M HT's health care unit, reported that business was booming. She treated about twice as many people over the weekend, and three times as many on the holiday, as she does on an average weekend. "People came in with the usual assort­ ment of summer ailments," she said, but there were only two accidents, both of which were treated at the George Washington University Hospial emergency room. Where would Mrs. Shelly have been if not at work? "Camping and going on pic­ nics, of course," she replied. Although Smithsonian telephone operators do not work on weekends and holidays, their mechanical answering set does. Over the holiday, the machine answered about I ,300 calls and gave out in­ formation and phone numbers for the Visitors Reception Center, where a full quota of staff and volunteers were on hand to answer them. In more visible positions, docents gave talks on Revolutionary War costume, in­ cluding a demonstration of how to use a flint box. Everyone got into the spirit as live music prompted folk dancing at MHT on July 4. Media coverage of the celebration in­ cluded an editorial in the Washington Post that read, "Smithsonian deserves the Frisbee Festival Planned for Mall Uncle Sam Joins thanks of the community for this oppor­ National Air and Space Museum staffers Definitive Treatise," goes back to the early tunity to have ... an old-fashioned good July 4th Activities have decided that Frisbees, those popular twenties when William Frisbie's bakery in­ time." An ABC television crew from plastic flying objects, must come under troduced circular tin containers for their "Good Morning America" filmed the NASM's aegis as much as do airplanes, sugar cookies. The lids were ideal for toss­ festivities on Monday. rockets, and spaceships. ing, as college students soon found out. WRC-TV picked up the formal opening To celebrate the Labor Day weekend, By the early 1950's a modification of the of the Smithsonian Metro Station, which NASM will sponsor a Frisbee festival on tin lids, plastic flying saucers, became pop­ took place July 4 at about 12: 10 p.m. the Mall to be held Sunday, September 4, ular in (where else?) southern California. Backed by a serenade from The More from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. or, in case of rain, on Also the manufacturer of Hula Hoops, Perfect Union barbershop quartet, Metro Labor Day, September 5. Wham-O began Frisbee production in General Manager Theodore Lutz presented The idea for the festival came from 1957, and it wasn't long before Frisbee Charles Blitzer, SI assistant secretary for NASM Frisbee enthusiasts Bill Good of the teams and tournaments sprang up across history and art, with his just-initiated art department and Jerry Barbely of the the country. farecard for inclusion in M HT's transporta­ Spacearium. Fans have multiplied many tion collection. times in the 20 years since the Wham-O Explore CBCES Mr. Blitzer noted that the new station company started full production of the Smithsonian employees who have not yet would be especially useful for the millions plastic discs. There are now books on visited our Chesapeake Bay Center for En­ of visitors who come each year to the Frisbees and even a bimonthly journal, Fly ­ vironmental Studies can sign up for guided Smithsonian museums on the Mall, and ing Disc World. tours on two Saturdays this month. CBCES Mr. Lutz replied that the Metro board The origin of the modern Frisbee, ac­ docents will conduct tours from 10 a.m. to eventually would consider opening the sta­ cording to Stancil Johnson in his book, noon August 6 and 20. Call 798-4424 for tion on weekends to better serve SI visitors. "Frisbee: A Practitioner's Manual and more information. Second Largest U.S. Meteorite Studied by MNH By Thomas Harney The whole group camped overnight, and next morning watched as a big Marine The letter that came to the Museum of helicopter lifted the three-ton boulder off Natural History last August began: "Dear the ground as easily as a baby, and set it Sir: Enclosed please find a picture of a down minutes later on a desert road 12 meteorite we found on our mining claim in miles away. There, it was forklifted onto a California." truck to leave the desert forever. Letters very much like this one are com­ The Old Woman meteorite was exhibited mon at the Department of Mineral at the San Bernardino and Los Angeles Sciences, and curators, without expecting County Museums before being shipped to Uncle Sam and friend any great "finds," routinely invite the cor­ the Smithsonian for research in late July. respondent to send a sample to the Institu­ By Susanne Roschwalb "We assume responsibility for these tion for a free ex amination. No Fourth of July celebration would be meteorites not because we want to sequester complete without him, so the Smithsonian's "Usually these objects turn out to be slag them or simply exhibit them, but because Division of Performing Arts searched until or some other heavy or artificial material," we want to realize their scientific pos­ it found a perfect Uncle Sam in the person said Meteorite Curator Roy Clarke. "It's sibilities," Mr. Clarke said. "A meteorite is of John Rusk of Oxon Hill, Md. only once every couple of years that like a book. You have to open it to study it. From the moment he assumed his stance someone will come up with the real thing." When we cut open a new one, we are careful in front of the Museum of History and Last August was one of these occasions. to preserve its characteristic surface Technology last month, Mr. Rusk attracted Upon examining a sample, MNH scientists features." visitors wanting to shake his hand, have pronounced it the second largest meteorite "Meteorites are still among the best clues their picture taken alongside him, or ask ever found in this country. we have to the ancient events of the solar him for their tax refund. Mr. Clarke joined the miners in Califor­ system, and this one belongs to a very select To each request, Mr. Rusk was patient nia, and together they drove 170 miles west group called coarse structured octahedrites. and sincere. He has been Uncle Sam for 30 of Los Angeles, to the Old Woman Moun­ Roy Clarke with Old Woman meteorite Only 14 others are known and only one has years, in more than 5,000 parades from tains in the Mojave Desert. There, in a gully been studied extensively in modern times." coast to coast. He regularly receives mail more than a mile up a mountain, they addressed to "Uncle Sam, Oxon Hill, Md." of Land Management investigated, they found the reddish-brown boulder, Mr. Rusk pays all his own expenses to found that the boulder was on Government "We'll cut the Old Woman with MNH's characteristic of a meteorite that had laid the parades and conventions he frequents. land and should be turned over to the new saw, the first of its size ever to be instal­ on the ground for a long time. led outside of Europe in a lab for meteorite "It's worth the money to see the young peo­ Smithsonian," Mr. Clarke explained. ple wave flags at me or see older people "It was four feet long, three feet wide, research," he conti n ued. Moving the meteorite was a major opera­ throw kisses," he said. "It indicates that the and two and a half feet thick," M r. Clarke tion. On June 17, he and BLM officials Slices from the boulder will be ground, great American heritage is not forgotten." recalled. "We can only speculate about how watched as a seven-man U.S. Marine rigg­ polished, and etched with acid to reveal its He keeps two uniforms in the back of his long it had laid there-hundreds, maybe ing crew used hydraulic j'acks to roll the metallographic structure. Smaller samples car at all times, just in case. thousands of years." boulder into a nylon rope sling. will be analyzed to determine their elemen­ Claiming that people's outpouring of af­ "At that point, the big question was who Photographers and journalists at the scene tal, mineral, and chemical makeup, and fection and tribute has nothing to do with owned it. The finders thought they did, but included Joe Goodwin, who was covering then distributed to various institutions for him personally, Mr. Rusk never fails to say, I wanted to make certain. When the Bureau the event for Smithsonian magazine. other types of investigation. "It's a ll directed to the uniform."