A Kids' Guide to Protecting & Caring for Animals
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Journal of Animal Law Received Generous Support from the Animal Legal Defense Fund and the Michigan State University College of Law
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL LAW Michigan State University College of Law APRIL 2009 Volume V J O U R N A L O F A N I M A L L A W Vol. V 2009 EDITORIAL BOARD 2008-2009 Editor-in-Chief ANN A BA UMGR A S Managing Editor JENNIFER BUNKER Articles Editor RA CHEL KRISTOL Executive Editor BRITT A NY PEET Notes & Comments Editor JA NE LI Business Editor MEREDITH SH A R P Associate Editors Tabb Y MCLA IN AKISH A TOWNSEND KA TE KUNK A MA RI A GL A NCY ERIC A ARMSTRONG Faculty Advisor DA VID FA VRE J O U R N A L O F A N I M A L L A W Vol. V 2009 Pee R RE VI E W COMMITT ee 2008-2009 TA IMIE L. BRY A NT DA VID CA SSUTO DA VID FA VRE , CH A IR RE B ECC A J. HUSS PETER SA NKOFF STEVEN M. WISE The Journal of Animal Law received generous support from the Animal Legal Defense Fund and the Michigan State University College of Law. Without their generous support, the Journal would not have been able to publish and host its second speaker series. The Journal also is funded by subscription revenues. Subscription requests and article submissions may be sent to: Professor Favre, Journal of Animal Law, Michigan State University College of Law, 368 Law College Building, East Lansing MI 48824. The Journal of Animal Law is published annually by law students at ABA accredited law schools. Membership is open to any law student attending an ABA accredited law college. -
Animal Welfare and the Paradox of Animal Consciousness
ARTICLE IN PRESS Animal Welfare and the Paradox of Animal Consciousness Marian Dawkins1 Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK 1Corresponding author: e-mail address: [email protected] Contents 1. Introduction 1 2. Animal Consciousness: The Heart of the Paradox 2 2.1 Behaviorism Applies to Other People Too 5 3. Human Emotions and Animals Emotions 7 3.1 Physiological Indicators of Emotion 7 3.2 Behavioral Components of Emotion 8 3.2.1 Vacuum Behavior 10 3.2.2 Rebound 10 3.2.3 “Abnormal” Behavior 10 3.2.4 The Animal’s Point of View 11 3.2.5 Cognitive Bias 15 3.2.6 Expressions of the Emotions 15 3.3 The Third Component of Emotion: Consciousness 16 4. Definitions of Animal Welfare 24 5. Conclusions 26 References 27 1. INTRODUCTION Consciousness has always been both central to and a stumbling block for animal welfare. On the one hand, the belief that nonhuman animals suffer and feel pain is what draws many people to want to study animal welfare in the first place. Animal welfare is seen as fundamentally different from plant “welfare” or the welfare of works of art precisely because of the widely held belief that animals have feelings and experience emotions in ways that plants or inanimate objectsdhowever valuableddo not (Midgley, 1983; Regan, 1984; Rollin, 1989; Singer, 1975). On the other hand, consciousness is also the most elusive and difficult to study of any biological phenomenon (Blackmore, 2012; Koch, 2004). Even with our own human consciousness, we are still baffled as to how Advances in the Study of Behavior, Volume 47 ISSN 0065-3454 © 2014 Elsevier Inc. -
How Welfare Biology and Commonsense May Help to Reduce Animal Suffering
Ng, Yew-Kwang (2016) How welfare biology and commonsense may help to reduce animal suffering. Animal Sentience 7(1) DOI: 10.51291/2377-7478.1012 This article has appeared in the journal Animal Sentience, a peer-reviewed journal on animal cognition and feeling. It has been made open access, free for all, by WellBeing International and deposited in the WBI Studies Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Ng, Yew-Kwang (2016) How welfare biology and commonsense may help to reduce animal suffering. Animal Sentience 7(1) DOI: 10.51291/2377-7478.1012 Cover Page Footnote I am grateful to Dr. Timothy D. Hau of the University of Hong Kong for assistance. This article is available in Animal Sentience: https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/ animsent/vol1/iss7/1 Animal Sentience 2016.007: Ng on Animal Suffering Call for Commentary: Animal Sentience publishes Open Peer Commentary on all accepted target articles. Target articles are peer-reviewed. Commentaries are editorially reviewed. There are submitted commentaries as well as invited commentaries. Commentaries appear as soon as they have been revised and accepted. Target article authors may respond to their commentaries individually or in a joint response to multiple commentaries. Instructions: http://animalstudiesrepository.org/animsent/guidelines.html How welfare biology and commonsense may help to reduce animal suffering Yew-Kwang Ng Division of Economics Nanyang Technological University Singapore Abstract: Welfare biology is the study of the welfare of living things. Welfare is net happiness (enjoyment minus suffering). Since this necessarily involves feelings, Dawkins (2014) has suggested that animal welfare science may face a paradox, because feelings are very difficult to study. -
Scientific Advances in the Study of Animal Welfare
Scientific advances in the study of animal welfare How we can more effectively Why Pain? assess pain… Matt Leach To recognise it, you need to define it… ‘Pain is an unpleasant sensory & emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage’ IASP 1979 As it is the emotional component that is critical for our welfare, the same will be true for animals Therefore we need indices that reflect this component! Q. How do we assess experience? • As it is subjective, direct assessment is difficult.. • Unlike in humans we do not have a gold standard – i.e. Self-report – Animals cannot meaningfully communicate with us… • So we traditionally use proxy indices Derived from inferential reasoning Infer presence of pain in animals from behavioural, anatomical, physiological & biochemical similarity to humans In humans, if pain induces a change & that change is prevented by pain relief, then it is used to assess pain If the same occurs in animals, then we assume that they can be used to assess pain Quantitative sensory testing • Application of standardised noxious stimuli to induce a reflex response – Mechanical, thermal or electrical… – Used to measure nociceptive (i.e. sensory) thresholds • Wide range of methods used – Choice depends on type of pain (acute / chronic) modeled • Elicits specific behavioural response (e.g. withdrawal) – Latency & frequency of response routinely measured – Intensity of stimulus required to elicit a response • Easy to use, but difficult to master… Value? • What do these tests tell us: – Fundamental nociceptive mechanisms & central processing – It measures evoked pain, not spontaneous pain • Tests of hypersensitivity not pain per se (Different mechanisms) • What don’t these tests tell us: – Much about the emotional component of pain • Measures nociceptive (sensory) thresholds based on autonomic responses (e.g. -
Ar Calendar.P65
May 2012 Animal Rights Calendar Sat 12th . West Lancashire Vegan Fair Sat 12th . Global Boycott Procter & Gamble Day (TBC). Uncaged www.veggies.org.uk/arc.htm Sat 19th . Meat Free in Manchester : Vegetarian Society Sat 19th . Hugletts Wood Farm Animal Sanctuary Open Day Sun 20th . Horse and Pony Sanctuary Open Day March 2012 : Veggie Month : Animal Aid Mon 21st - Sun 27th . National Vegetarian Week Mon 5th . Sheffield Animal Friends meeting Fri 25th - Sun 27th . Bristol VegFestUK Mon 5th . Manchester Animal Action! 1st Monday monthly Sun 27th . GM Action Tue 6th . South East Animal Rights meeting. First Tuesday of each month. Tue 6th . Merseyside Animal Rights meeting. First Tuesday monthly June 2012 Sun 10th . Animals in Need Sponsored Walk Wed 7th . Live Exports - Ramsgate (every week) : Kent Action Against Live Exports (KAALE) Sun 10th . Nottingham Green Festival (T.B.C) Wed 7th . Derby Animal Rights. Every two weeks. Tue 19th . McLibel: Anniversary Day of Action Wed 7th . Southsea Animal Action meeting. First Wednesday monthly Wed 7th . Ethical Voice for Animals meeting. First Wednesday monthly July 2012 Wed 7th . Southampton Animal Action. First Wednesday monthly Thur 5th . Mel Broughton's Birthday : Vegan Prisoner Support Group Thur 8th . Nottingham Animal Rights Networking. Every two weeks Sat 7th . Animal Aid Sponsored Walk Fri 13th - Sun 15th . International Animal Rights Gathering, Poland Sat 10th . Demo against proposed cull Lake Windermere Canada Geese Mon 12th . Bath Animal Action / Hunt Sabs. 2nd Monday monthly August 2012 Wed 14th . Bournemouth Animal Aid Meeting. 2nd Wednesday monthly Wed 1st - Mon 6th . EF Summer Gathering, Shrewsbury Wed 14th . Taunton Vegans & Veggies. -
Consumer Power for Animals COVER STORY
A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN ANTI-VIVISECTION SOCIETY 2010 | Number 2 AVmagazine Consumer Power COVER STORY for Animals PRODUCT TESTING: BEGINNING TO AN END? pg 4 2010 Number 2 Consumer Power for Animals 8 FEATURES PRODUCT TESTING: 4Beginning to an End? Where we’ve been. Where we are. Where we’re going. 16 By Crystal Schaeffer 8 The Leaping Bunny Program While other compassionate shopping lists exist, only the Leaping Bunny can assure certified companies are truly cruelty-free. By Vicki Katrinak 12 What’s Cruelty-Free? Reading labels can be difficult, but looking for the Leaping Bunny Logo is easy. By Vicki Katrinak DEPARTMENTS 14 Tom’s of Maine: A Brush Above the Rest Putting ideals into action, Tom’s challenged FDA, and in a precedent-setting decision, 1 First Word was permitted to use a non-animal alternative to test its fluoride toothpaste. Consumers can and do make a difference for animals. 16 Reducing Animal Testing Alternatives development is making great strides, especially in the areas of skin and eye 2 News safety testing. Update on Great Apes; Congress Acts to By Rodger Curren Crush Cruel Videos; Bias in Animal Studies. 24 AAVS Action 20 Product Testing: The Struggle in Europe Animal testing bans mean progress, but not paradise, in Europe. $30,000 awarded for education alternatives; Humane Student and Educator Awards; and By Michelle Thew Leaping Bunny’s high standards. 22 Laws and Animal Testing 26 Giving PRESIDENT’S REPORT: An interview with Sue Leary points out the influences that For now and into the future, supporting can help—or harm—animals. -
Assessing Animal Welfare with Behavior: Onward with Caution
Perspective Assessing Animal Welfare with Behavior: Onward with Caution Jason V. Watters *, Bethany L. Krebs and Caitlin L. Eschmann Wellness and Animal Behavior, San Francisco Zoological Society, San Francisco, CA 94132, USA; [email protected] (B.L.K.); [email protected] (C.L.E.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: An emphasis on ensuring animal welfare is growing in zoo and aquarium associations around the globe. This has led to a focus on measures of welfare outcomes for individual animals. Observations and interpretations of behavior are the most widely used outcome-based measures of animal welfare. They commonly serve as a diagnostic tool from which practitioners make animal welfare decisions and suggest treatments, yet errors in data collection and interpretation can lead to the potential for misdiagnosis. We describe the perils of incorrect welfare diagnoses and common mistakes in applying behavior-based tools. The missteps that can be made in behavioral assessment include mismatches between definitions of animal welfare and collected data, lack of alternative explanations, faulty logic, behavior interpreted out of context, murky assumptions, lack of behavior definitions, and poor justification for assigning a welfare value to a specific behavior. Misdiagnosing the welfare state of an animal has negative consequences. These include continued poor welfare states, inappropriate use of resources, lack of understanding of welfare mechanisms and the perpetuation of the previously mentioned faulty logic throughout the wider scientific community. We provide recommendations for assessing behavior-based welfare tools, and guidance for those developing Citation: Watters, J.V.; Krebs, B.L.; tools and interpreting data. Eschmann, C.L. Assessing Animal Welfare with Behavior: Onward with Keywords: behavioral diagnosis; zoo; behavioral diversity; anticipatory behavior; stereotypy; natural Caution. -
Propaganda About Animal Rights John Sorensona a Department of Sociology, Brock University, St
This article was downloaded by: [Canadian Research Knowledge Network] On: 4 February 2011 Access details: Access Details: [subscription number 932223628] Publisher Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37- 41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Critical Studies on Terrorism Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~content=t780786797 Constructing terrorists: propaganda about animal rights John Sorensona a Department of Sociology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada To cite this Article Sorenson, John(2009) 'Constructing terrorists: propaganda about animal rights', Critical Studies on Terrorism, 2: 2, 237 — 256 To link to this Article: DOI: 10.1080/17539150903010715 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17539150903010715 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.informaworld.com/terms-and-conditions-of-access.pdf This article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, re-distribution, re-selling, loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. Critical Studies on Terrorism Vol. -
Science, Sentience, and Animal Welfare
WellBeing International WBI Studies Repository 1-2013 Science, Sentience, and Animal Welfare Robert C. Jones California State University, Chico, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/ethawel Part of the Animal Studies Commons, Ethics and Political Philosophy Commons, and the Nature and Society Relations Commons Recommended Citation Jones, R. C. (2013). Science, sentience, and animal welfare. Biology and Philosophy, 1-30. This material is brought to you for free and open access by WellBeing International. It has been accepted for inclusion by an authorized administrator of the WBI Studies Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Science, Sentience, and Animal Welfare Robert C. Jones California State University, Chico KEYWORDS animal, welfare, ethics, pain, sentience, cognition, agriculture, speciesism, biomedical research ABSTRACT I sketch briefly some of the more influential theories concerned with the moral status of nonhuman animals, highlighting their biological/physiological aspects. I then survey the most prominent empirical research on the physiological and cognitive capacities of nonhuman animals, focusing primarily on sentience, but looking also at a few other morally relevant capacities such as self-awareness, memory, and mindreading. Lastly, I discuss two examples of current animal welfare policy, namely, animals used in industrialized food production and in scientific research. I argue that even the most progressive current welfare policies lag behind, are ignorant of, or arbitrarily disregard the science on sentience and cognition. Introduction The contemporary connection between research on animal1 cognition and the moral status of animals goes back almost 40 years to the publication of two influential books: Donald Griffin’s The Question of Animal Awareness: Evolutionary Continuity of Mental Experience (1976) and Peter Singer’s groundbreaking Animal Liberation (1975). -
Study on Education and Information Activities on Animal Welfare EDUCAWEL Contract - SANCO/2013/G3/SI2.649393
Study on education and information activities on animal welfare EDUCAWEL Contract - SANCO/2013/G3/SI2.649393 20/01/2016 IRTA – Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (Institute for Food and Agriculture Research and Technology) Veïnat de Sies s/n – 17121 Monells, SPAIN www.irta.es Participant Participant organisation name Organisation short name Country 01/ Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries IRTA ES 02/ Lithuanian University of Health Sciences LSMU LT 03/ Agrosysytems IQC RO Collaborators Country Vasiliki Protopapadaki EL Association Tierschutz macht Schule AT Eblex UK EDUCAWEL FINAL REPORT Table of Contents 1. Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................... 3 2. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 4 3. Methodology ...................................................................................................................................... 5 4. Results from the questionnaires ........................................................................................................ 8 4.1 Animal welfare and ethics .................................................................................................................. 8 4.2 Level of knowledge on animal welfare and quality of the information received ............................... 10 4.3 Knowledge on animal welfare legislation ........................................................................................ -
Isa Does It the Vegan Cooking Queen Reigns Again
Living passionate Com CThe Mag of MFA. LWinter 2013 ISA DOES IT THE VEGAN COOKING QUEEN REIGNS AGAIN FOIE GRAS FOES MFA’S UNDERCOVER AGENT EXPOSES THE DELICACY’S DARK SIDE WICKED WALMART + JANE INSIDE LOOK AT THE MEGA RETAILER’S PORK SUPPLIERS VELEZ-MITCHELL MEDIA MAVEN ON A MISSION SIMON SAYS TO PROTECT ANIMALS HOLLYWOOD HEAVYWEIGHT TALKS AG-GAG, VEGANISM, AND THE FUTURE producers have shown time and time again, the answer is “a lot.” From sick animals suffering from NEWS bloody open wounds and infections, to workers WATCH viciously beating animals—every time we point our cameras at a factory farm or slaughterhouse, we find appalling abuses. Compassionate Living For over a decade, the work of MFA’s brave VEGANISM: investigators has led to landmark corporate THE FOUNTAIN OF YOUTH animal welfare policy reforms, new and improved Randyproducers Spronk have is theshown president time and of time the again, the And while Americans shouldn’t hold their ContributorsCL 1 4 Dear Friends, laws to protect farmed animals and the Veganism Nationalanswer isPork “a lot.”Producers From sick Council—a animals suffering front frombreath for people like Mr. Spronk to make environment, felony convictions of animal abusers, Vandhana BalaNEWSWATCH bloody open wounds and infections, to workers Hollywood celebrities, from Portia de Rossi to GOES group for factoryIt’s been farmers said that acrosssocial justice the movementscountry. change,increased they consumer should protectionexpect more and food from safety Amy Bradley VIRAL viciously beating animals—every time we point Alicia Silverstone, credit their plant-based diets Mr. Spronk spendsgo through most four distinctof his stagestime pimpingbefore gaining corporationsinitiatives, and that the have closure the of particularlypower, and corrupt ethical Eddie Garza our cameraswidespread at a factory acceptance: farm or first slaughterhouse, they ignore you, facilities. -
Applying Ethological and Health Indicators to Practical Animal Welfare Assessment
WellBeing International WBI Studies Repository 2014 Applying Ethological and Health Indicators to Practical Animal Welfare Assessment F. Wemelsfelder Scotland's Rural College S. Mullan University of Bristol Follow this and additional works at: https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/acwp_awap Part of the Animal Studies Commons, Behavior and Ethology Commons, and the Comparative Psychology Commons Recommended Citation Wemelsfelder, F., & Mullan, S. (2014). Applying ethological and health indicators to practical animal welfare assessment. Scientific and echnicalT Review, Office International des Epizooties, 33, 111-20. This material is brought to you for free and open access by WellBeing International. It has been accepted for inclusion by an authorized administrator of the WBI Studies Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Applying Ethological and Health Indicators to Practical Animal Welfare Assessment F. Wemelsfelder 1 & S. Mullan 2 1 Scotland’s Rural College 2 University of Bristol KEYWORDS animal welfare assessment, ethology, on-farm welfare management, positive animal welfare, practical animal welfare assessment, qualitative behavioural assessment, scientific validation ABSTRACT There is a growing effort worldwide to develop objective indicators for animal welfare assessment, which provide information on an animal’s quality of life, are scientifically trustworthy, and can readily be used in practice by professionals. Animals are sentient beings capable of positive and negative emotion, and so these indicators should be sensitive not only to their physical health, but also to their experience of the conditions in which they live. This paper provides an outline of ethological research aimed at developing practical welfare assessment protocols. The first section focuses on the development and validation of welfare indicators generally, in terms of their relevance to animal well-being, their interobserver reliability, and the confidence with which the prevalence of described features can be estimated.