Die Meeresküsten Des Latiums the Seas of Lazio

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Die Meeresküsten Des Latiums the Seas of Lazio THE COAST OF THE ETRUSCANS THE COAST OF ROME THE COAST OF ULYSSES DIE ETRUSKISCHE RIVIERA DIE RÖMISCHE RIVIERA DIE ODYSSEUS-RIVIERA THE SEAS OF LAZIO DIE MEERESKÜSTEN DES LATIUMS REGIONE LAZIO THE SEAS OF LAZIO DIE MEERESKÜSTEN DES LATIUMS REGIONE LAZIO This booklet aims to provide information and suggestions to anyone planning to take a holiday on the Lazian coast, or to explore it. The reader will be introduced to a number of coastal resorts as well as locations up to forty kilometres inland, or further still in several cases of particular interest. Diese Broschüre enthält Hinweise und Anregungen für alle diejenigen, die einen Urlaub bzw. eine Entdeckungsreise an die Küste der Region Latium planen. Dem Leser werden sowohl Informationen in Bezug auf die Küstenorte als auch bezüglich der in einem Umkreis von 20-30 Kilometern von der Küste entfernt gelegenen Ortschaften geliefert. Darüber hinaus werden einige etwas weiter entfernte Orte von besonderem Interesse erläutert. REGIONE LAZIO Concept / Entwurf: Geoplastigraphic maps by / Apt di Latina LandreliefKart: Panorama Studio Vielkind - Texts and Photographs / INNSBRUCK Texte und Photographien: Apt Roma Graphic design / Graphik: Apt Latina Idea NaMa - Latina Apt Viterbo Apt Provincia di Roma Printing / Druck: La Stampa Industrie Grafiche Translation / Übersetzun: Genova 2006 The Arts Development Partnership, East Sussex, England Quadrivio traduzioni - Roma A BIRD’S EYE VIEW OF THE SEAS OF LAZIO 4 The coastline 6 THE COASTS 8 THE COAST OF THE ETRUSCANS 10 The province of Viterbo 10 Inland in the province of Viterbo 12 …and in the province of Rome 18 Inland in the province of Rome 16 THE COAST OF ROME 24 Inland 26 THE COAST OF ULYSSES 38 Inland 40 THE PONTINE ISLANDS 56 THE SEAS OF LAZIO DIE MEERESKÜSTEN DES LATIUMS DIE MEERESKÜSTEN DES LATIUMS AUS DER VOGELPERSPEKTIVE 5 Die Küstenlinie 7 DIE VERSCHIEDENEN ABSCHNITTE DER RIVIERA 9 DIE ETRUSKISCHE RIVIERA 11 In der Provinz Viterbo 11 Das Hinterland In der Provinz Viterbo 13 und in der Provinz Rom 17 Das Hinterland In der Provinz Rom 19 DIE RÖMISCHE RIVIERA 25 Das Hinterland 27 DIE ODYSSEUS-RIVIERA 39 Das Hinterland 43 DIE PONTINISCHEN INSELN 57 THE SEAS OF LAZIO 4 A BIRD’S EYE VIEW OF THE SEAS OF LAZIO A BIRD’S EYE VIEW OF THE SEAS OF LAZIO There is a specific period in the history of the Tor Vaianica. From his landing and victorious Lazio that seems to have been dreamt up by a struggles, and eventual alliances with the professional promoter. It is the period, twelve inhabitants of Latina, came that series of centuries before Christ, associated with seminal events that brought about the birth of Ulysses and Aeneas, protagonists of that great Rome.The Phoenicians, tirelessly in search of historical and mythical event known as the commercial opportunities, landed further to Trojan War. Having both survived that ten- the north along the right bank of the Tiber. year conflict, in which the emerging Greeks They had set up bases for the expansion of prevailed over the populations of the near trade with the Etruscans, leading to the East, the two former adversaries, one Greek development of important ports and emporia. and one Trojan, plied the same seas in search As soon as Rome, breaking away from its of new adventures. For entirely different pockets of local power, began to take an reasons they eventually came to the Lazian interest in the Mediterranean, coastal Lazio coast. Ulysses landed in the Gulf of Gaeta, was ready to become a naval springboard, and there fought against the ferocious thanks to the great expansion of its shores, at Lestrigoni at Terracina, where his friend the centre of which was the Tiber, an Elphenor died; and at Circeo (or perhaps on exceptional waterway allowing cargo vessels the island of Eèa, Ponza) where he fell in love to penetrate right into the heart of Rome. with the siren Circe before he made his A network of landing points guaranteed intended and somewhat apprehensive return freedom of movement for trade, supplies and to Ithaca. Aeneas made his way to the mouth armies. Among the largest were Civitavecchia of the Tiber, and onto the banks of the present (Centum Cellae) to the north; Anzio and day Anzio, Lavinio, the beach of Ardea, and Terracina to the south-centre; to the far south DIE MEERESKÜSTEN DES LATIUMS DIE MEERESKÜSTEN DES LATIUMS AUS DER 5 VOGELPERSPEKTIVE DIE MEERESKÜSTEN DESVOGELPERSPEKTIVE LATIUMS AUS DER VOGELPERSPEKTIVEDIE MEERESKÜSTE DES LATIUMS AUS DER Es gibt einen Zeitabschnitt in der Geschichte Schneckenhaus der lokalen Macht der Region Latium, der direkt aus dem hervorgewagt hatte und auf das Mittelmeer Ideenkasten eines Werbefachmanns blickte, war die Küste des Latiums aufgrund entsprungen zu sein scheint. Wir befinden uns ihrer besonderen Beschaffenheit dazu bereit, etwa um das Jahr 1200 vor Christus und zwei die Rolle einer Drehscheibe für die Schiffahrt Persönlichkeiten bestimmen jenes historisch- zu übernehmen: Schwerpunkt seines mystische Großereignis, das als der ausgedehnten Küstenbereichs war der Tiber, Trojanische Krieg bekannt ist: Odysseus und da auf diesem einzigartigen Wasserweg die Aeneas. Nachdem sie den ein Jahrzehnt Lastenkähne bis mitten nach Rom vordringen andauernden Konflikt, welcher den Griechen konnten. Ein Netz von Anlegeplätzen die Herrschaft über die Völker des Vorderen gewährte die Freiheit von Verkehr, Handel und Orients bescherte, überstanden hatten, Versorgung sowie der militärischen segelten der Grieche und der Trojaner Schlagkraft. Zu den größten Landungsplätzen (inzwischen Ex-Feinde) über die gleichen zählten der Hafen von Civitavecchia – Centum Meere, neuen Abenteuern entgegen: Sie Cellae – im Norden, Anzio und Terracina im nehmen die gleiche Strecke, die sie beide, südlichen Zentrum, der Sinus Formianus im wenn auch aus unterschiedlichen Gründen, an Süden, der heute den Namen Golf von Gaeta die Küste des Latiums führt. Odysseus geht im trägt und eine natürliche Schutzzone riesigen Golf von Gaeta an Land, wo er auf die wilden Ausmaßes bildet sowie der an der Grenze zu Lästrygonen stößt, dann in Terracina, wo sein Kampanien liegende Hafen am grünen Fluss Freund Elpenor stirbt und schließlich in San Liris, über welchen Minturnae versorgt wurde. Felice Circeo (bzw. auf der Insel Eea - der Auch auf den gegenüberliegenden Pontiae griechische Name für Ponza), wo er mit der Insulae (den Pontinischen Inseln), im Zauberin Kirke in Freuden schwelgt – bis er Besonderen in Ventotene und Ponza, mangelte sich schließlich wieder auf die ersehnte und es an geschützten Ankerplätzen nicht. Mit fast schon gefürchtete Heimreise Richtung dem Untergang Roms wurde nicht nur dieses Ithaka macht. Aeneas zieht an den Stränden Handels- und Militärsystem zerstört, nein, der der heutigen Ortschaften Anzio, Lavinio, dem Niedergang hatte Folgen für ganz Italien: Es Lido von Ardea und Tor Vaianica vorbei und wurde zur Zielscheibe von Invasionen, geht unweit der Tibermündung an Land. Angriffen, Überfällen und Raubzügen. Die Aufgrund seiner siegreichen Kämpfe gegen die schwersten Übergriffe wurden im 9. Jh. von Latiner und dank des darauf folgenden den Sarazenen verübt, die später, zwischen Bündnisses mit letzteren kommt es zu jener dem 15. und dem beginnenden 19. Jh., von Reihe umwälzender Ereignisse, die schließlich den Afrikanern und Türken übertroffen zur Entstehung Roms führen sollten. wurden. Zu eben dieser Zeit forderte die Weiter im Norden waren jenseits des rechten Päpstliche Kammer, die Regierung des Tiberufers die Phönizier gelandet. Stets auf römischen Papstes, ihre Lehnsherren dazu der Suche nach neuen Märkten hatten sie die auf, einen Sperrgürtel gegen die aufsässigen, Grundlage für den Handel geschaffen, der unbezwinglichen Freibeuter zu errichten. Auf später von den Etruskern durch die diese Weise entstanden entlang der Küste des Entwicklung bedeutender Häfen und Latiums, zwischen Montalto di Castro und Warenumschlagplätze ausgebaut wurde. dem Garigliano, 50 Türme und als zweite Als sich Rom schließlich aus dem Verteidigungslinie kamen zehn Burgen und THE SEAS OF LAZIO 6 A BIRD’S EYE VIEW OF THE SEAS OF LAZIO the Sinus Formianus, the present day gulf of the recorded history of the shoreline. It is the Gaeta, a vast natural delta; and, bordering on story, perhaps, of the Tiber’s estuary, subject to the Campania, the port on the green river Liri, continuing and significant metamorphosis.The which served Minturnae.There was no shortage sheer volume of deposits dredged naturally of sheltered landing places on Ventotene and on from the river over time has, in fact, produced a Ponza, two islands of the Pontiae Insulae gradual expansion of the coast, eventually (Pontine Islands) situated opposite.The fall of hemming in the old harbours of Ostia, the Rome meant also the destruction of that former seaside city being now situated inland. A commercial and military network.This was to decisive event was the unprecedented flood of turn to Italy’s disadvantage as it then became a 1500.Then, millions of cubic metres of support structure for invasions, incursions, and materials were carried by the swollen waters acts of plunder among which the most violent and deposited on the beach causing a sudden were those perpetrated by the Saracens in the and massive extension of the coast. According ninth century and by the Africans and to calculations made at the time, this was of the eventually the Turks in the fifteenth and early order of several hundred metres. From the late nineteenth centuries. It was in these centuries twentieth century and continuing to this day, that the
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