DOCSLIB.ORG

The Elimination of Discrimination in Respect of Employment and Occupation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

The elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation This information, reproduced as received, does not represent the views of the ILO DISCR-COMPILED-2001-01-0369-18-EN.DOC/v2 375 The elimination of discrimination Contents in respect of employment and occupation Contents Page The elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation Bahamas – Government ................................................................................................................................ 379 Bahrain – Government ................................................................................................................................ 380 Obervations by the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU)....................... 381 Government observations on ICFTU’s comments...................................................................... 382 China – Government ................................................................................................................................ 383 Comoros – Government ................................................................................................................................ 383 Democratic Republic of the Congo – Government ................................................................................................................................ 386 Observations by the World Confederation of Labour (WCL) .................................................... 387 Djibouti – Government ................................................................................................................................ 389 Estonia – Government ................................................................................................................................ 391 Grenada – Government ................................................................................................................................ 393 Japan – Government ............................................................................................................................... 396 Observations by the Japanese Trade Union Confederation (JTUC-Rengo)................................ 399 Government observations on the JTUC-Rengo’s comments....................................................... 400 Observations by the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU) ..................... 401 Kenya – Government ................................................................................................................................ 402 Observations by the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU) ..................... 403 Kuwait – Government ................................................................................................................................ 404 Liberia – Government ................................................................................................................................ 406 Luxembourg – Government ................................................................................................................................ 407 Malaysia – Government ................................................................................................................................ 408 Mauritania – Government ................................................................................................................................ 409 Mauritius – Government ................................................................................................................................ 410 Observations by the Mauritius Employers’ Federation (MEF)................................................... 413 Observations by the Fédération des syndicats des corps constitutés (FSCC) ............................. 414 Observations by the World Confederation of Labour (WCL) and by the National Trade Union Confederation (NTUC)................................................................ 414 Government observations on the WCL’s and NTUC’s comments.............................................. 415 Myanmar – Government ................................................................................................................................ 416 Namibia – Government ................................................................................................................................ 416 This information, reproduced as received, does not represent the views of the ILO DISCR-COMPILED-2001-01-0369-18-EN.DOC/v2 377 The elimination of discrimination Contents in respect of employment and occupation Page Nigeria – Note from the Office................................................................................................................... 418 Observations by the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU) ..................... 418 Oman – Government ................................................................................................................................ 419 Pakistan – Government ................................................................................................................................ 421 Qatar – Government ................................................................................................................................ 422 Singapore – Government ................................................................................................................................ 423 Observations by the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU) ..................... 425 Government observations on ICFTU’s comments...................................................................... 426 Solomon Islands – Note from the Office................................................................................................................... 427 Observations by the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU) ..................... 427 Suriname – Government ................................................................................................................................ 428 Tanzania, United Republic of – Government ................................................................................................................................ 430 Observations by the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU) ..................... 434 Government observations on ICFTU’s comments...................................................................... 434 Thailand – Government ................................................................................................................................ 435 Observations by the World Confederation of Labour (WCL) .................................................... 445 Uganda – Government ................................................................................................................................ 447 United Arab Emirates – Government ................................................................................................................................ 450 United States – Government ................................................................................................................................ 454 Observations by the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU) ..................... 454 This information, reproduced as received, does not represent the views of the ILO 378 DISCR-COMPILED-2001-01-0369-18-EN.DOC The elimination of discrimination Bahamas in respect of employment and occupation Bahamas Means of assessing the situation Assessment of the institutional context The principle of the elimination of discrimination in respect of employment is recognized in the Bahamas. It is recognized by legislation (laws) contained in the new labour legislation currently before Parliament. No categories of workers are exempted from the part of the legislation dealing with discrimination in respect of employment and occupation. No categories of work or sectors are excluded or omitted from the legislation. There is no specific committee or administrative machinery in place to monitor or ensure the implementation of the principles. The only recourse open so far is through the Industrial Tribunal. Assessment of the factual situation Indicators of the application of the principle include a wider participation of females and handicapped persons (“physically challenged”) participating in any work or trade they wish. There are female contractors, painters, masons, pilots, etc. Facilities have been adapted for easy access by the physically challenged. The trends indicate an increase in female participation in non-traditional jobs normally dominated by males. Efforts made or envisaged to ensure respect, promotion and realization of these principles and rights Measures taken to promote the elimination of discrimination with respect to employment and occupation are contained in the new labour legislation of the Bahamas. The Government is enacting legislation which prohibits discrimination in respect of employment. Additionally, the Government’s rate of pay is the same for both genders and opportunities for employment are not determined or influenced by gender. The Organization of Trade Unions monitors workplaces to ensure that gender discrimination does not occur. The Christian Council will draw attention to situations of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation if ever they should occur or appear to occur. This information, reproduced as received, does not
Recommended publications
  • Why Are Gender Reforms Adopted in Singapore? Party Pragmatism and Electoral Incentives* Netina Tan

    Why Are Gender Reforms Adopted in Singapore? Party Pragmatism and Electoral Incentives* Netina Tan

    Why Are Gender Reforms Adopted in Singapore? Party Pragmatism and Electoral Incentives* Netina Tan Abstract In Singapore, the percentage of elected female politicians rose from 3.8 percent in 1984 to 22.5 percent after the 2015 general election. After years of exclusion, why were gender reforms adopted and how did they lead to more women in political office? Unlike South Korea and Taiwan, this paper shows that in Singapore party pragmatism rather than international diffusion of gender equality norms, feminist lobbying, or rival party pressures drove gender reforms. It is argued that the ruling People’s Action Party’s (PAP) strategic and electoral calculations to maintain hegemonic rule drove its policy u-turn to nominate an average of about 17.6 percent female candidates in the last three elections. Similar to the PAP’s bid to capture women voters in the 1959 elections, it had to alter its patriarchal, conservative image to appeal to the younger, progressive electorate in the 2000s. Additionally, Singapore’s electoral system that includes multi-member constituencies based on plurality party bloc vote rule also makes it easier to include women and diversify the party slate. But despite the strategic and electoral incentives, a gender gap remains. Drawing from a range of public opinion data, this paper explains why traditional gender stereotypes, biased social norms, and unequal family responsibilities may hold women back from full political participation. Keywords: gender reforms, party pragmatism, plurality party bloc vote, multi-member constituencies, ethnic quotas, PAP, Singapore DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5509/2016892369 ____________________ Netina Tan is an assistant professor of political science at McMaster University.
  • Women in the Philippine Workforce

    Women in the Philippine Workforce

    CONTENTS 5 Preface 7 Authors MAIN TOPICS 9 Work-Life Balance: The Philippine Experience in Male and Female Roles and Leadership Regina M. Hechanova 25 Rural Women’s Participation in Politics in Village-level Elections in China Liu Lige 37 Status of Women in Singapore and Trends in Southeast Asia Braema Mathiaparanam 51 Gender and Islam in Indonesia (Challenges and Solution) Zaitunah Subhan 57 Civil Society Movement on Sexuality in Thailand: A Challenge to State Institutions Varaporn Chamsanit DOCUMENTS 67 Joint Statement of the ASEAN High-Level Meeting on Good Practices in CEDAW Reporting and Follow-up 3 WEB LINKS 69 Informative websites on Europe and Southeast Asia ABSTRACTS 73 4 PREFACE conomic progress and political care giver. Similarly, conservative Eliberalisation have contributed religious interpretations undermine greatly to tackling the challenges of reform of outdated concepts of the role poverty and inequality in Asia. Creating and status of women in Asian societies. equal opportunities and ensuring equal The articles presented in this edition treatment for women is a key concern for of Panorama are testimony to the civil society groups and grassroots leaders multitude of challenges faced by women across the region. Undoubtedly, in most across Asia in the struggle to create parts of Asia, women today enjoy greater gender equality. They range from freedoms than their mothers did before addressing a shift in traditional gender them including improved access to roles derived from advancing healthcare, enhanced career opportunities, modernisation and globalisation to the and increased participation in political need to identify ways and means to decision-making. Nonetheless, key support women in their rightful quest challenges persistently remain.
  • Changing Constructions of the Family in Singapore

    Changing Constructions of the Family in Singapore

    University of Wollongong Research Online Faculty of Arts - Papers (Archive) Faculty of Arts, Social Sciences & Humanities October 1998 The ‘Graduate Woman’ Phenomenon: Changing Constructions of the Family in Singapore Lenore T. Lyons-Lee University of Wollongong, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/artspapers Part of the Arts and Humanities Commons, and the Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Lyons-Lee, Lenore T., The ‘Graduate Woman’ Phenomenon: Changing Constructions of the Family in Singapore 1998. https://ro.uow.edu.au/artspapers/96 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] The ‘Graduate Woman” Phenomenon: Changing Constructions of the Family in Singapore Lenore Lyons -Lee Introduction In recent years the Singapore state, as part of its broader population planning policy, has focused attention on encouraging graduate men a nd women to marry and have children at a younger age. These policies have been promoted through a series of well -publicised advertising campaigns in the television and print media. Tertiary educated women have been constructed as ‘problematic’ within thi s discourse of state -directed social change because they are marrying later, having fewer children, and on occassion foregoing marriage altogether. This paper examines the ways such women understand the current marrige debate, and the reasons they give fo r their life choices. I will argue that contrary to popular media and state views, such women have not rejected marriage but rather traditional constructions of gender roles within the family.
  • GENDER RETIREMENT SAVINGS GAP of LOW-INCOME PROFESSIONALS Key Ndings

    GENDER RETIREMENT SAVINGS GAP of LOW-INCOME PROFESSIONALS Key Ndings

    GENDER RETIREMENT SAVINGS GAP OF LOW-INCOME PROFESSIONALS Key ndings The “Traditional Working Mum” has the largest gender retirement savings gap of 44% The gender retirement savings gap is wider in Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand than in Hong Kong and Singapore The average retirement savings gap between low-income working men 32% and women in studied Asian markets Main reasons for the gender Looking beyond retirement savings gap the present Women have Women working as shorter working para-professionals are paid periods due to lower than men. In some family-related countries, the difference is career breaks and early Risk of retirements >25% automation Technology advancements such as automation are posing risks of Women are more risk-averse and have lower financial displacement for low-skilled literacy than men in general women workers Main actions from different stakeholders EMPLOYERS GOVERNMENT INDIVIDUALS Accelerate gender diversity Enhance support for informal caregivers Bridge the financial literacy gap efforts by building a structured and encourage shared caregiving through education and practice diversity and inclusion strategy among couples by recognising women’s and take charge of financial that is aligned to the business unpaid contribution to their families in matters upon commencing imperative the pension system employment Copyright © 2018 Oliver Wyman 1 PREFACE While the issue of gender wage inequality is To measure the size of the gender retirement gradually being recognised by business and society savings gap, we created different archetypes based in general, the significant impact of the gender on typical profiles of low-income working women in retirement savings gap, a long-term consequence the region.
  • A State of Ambivalence: Feminism and a Singaporean Women's

    A State of Ambivalence: Feminism and a Singaporean Women's

    University of Wollongong Research Online Faculty of Arts - Papers (Archive) Faculty of Arts, Social Sciences & Humanities March 2000 A State of Ambivalence: Feminism and a Singaporean Women’s Organisation Lenore T. Lyons University of Wollongong, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/artspapers Part of the Arts and Humanities Commons, and the Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Lyons, Lenore T., A State of Ambivalence: Feminism and a Singaporean Women’s Organisation 2000. https://ro.uow.edu.au/artspapers/94 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] A State of Ambivalence: Feminism in a Singaporean Women’s Organisation 1 Lenore Lyons There has been some interest in recent years in identifying the features or characteristics of an ‘Asian’ or ‘Third-World’ feminism (Moraga and Anzaldua 1983; Jayawardena 1986; Grewal et al. 1988; Mohanty 1991; Basu 1995; Alexander and Mohanty 1997). Part of this concern has focused on a costs-benefits analysis of Asian women ‘coming out’ as feminists in overtly hostile political climates. For many women embracing the identity ‘feminist’ continues to be a difficult process. Caught within multiple and shifting discourses that serve to inscribe place, allegiance and behaviour, being a feminist is not only an expression of individual political belief, but is often perceived as a rejection of dominant group identity. Within their own communities, women have often been forced to make a choice between their race, class or ethnic group, and their gender (see hooks 1981; Enloe 1989; Accad 1991).
  • National Legislation Implementing the CTBT and Other National Measures Related Thereto

    National Legislation Implementing the CTBT and Other National Measures Related Thereto

    National legislation implementing the CTBT and other national measures related thereto The following database contains national legislation which is considered to be either directly related to the implementation of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) or which may be partially applicable to subject matters governed by the CTBT. It is intended to facilitate the research and understanding of how national implementing legislation for the CTBT may be drafted. The legislation was obtained either directly from states or by research into resources accessible to the public. Some of the information may be derived from the reports submitted by states to the United Nations Security Council 1540 Committee, available on the UN website. The Preparatory Commission for the CTBTO does not assume any responsibili ty for the correctness of the data provided. Inclusion in the database does not represent assessment or endorsement by the Preparatory Commission or its Provisional Technical Secretariat. Color code of the table: Blue A link to the legislation or to relevant parts of the legislation exists Copyright CTBTO Preparatory Commission, Legal Services 2010 Page 1 of 39 Regulat ions on Privileg National Other es and Legislati National Legislation prohibiting Penal releva Immuniti Coun on either nuclear tests or nuclear Provis nt es try implemen weapons ions legisla of the ting tion Prepara the CTBT tory Commiss ion Afghanist Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan – Article 7 an observes all international treaties which Afghanistan
  • Female Emancipation in a Colonial Context: the Chinese Community in Singapore 1900-1942 Qualification: Phd

    Female Emancipation in a Colonial Context: the Chinese Community in Singapore 1900-1942 Qualification: Phd

    Access to Electronic Thesis Author: Wei-an Yang Thesis title: Female Emancipation in a Colonial Context: the Chinese Community in Singapore 1900-1942 Qualification: PhD This electronic thesis is protected by the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. No reproduction is permitted without consent of the author. It is also protected by the Creative Commons Licence allowing Attributions-Non-commercial-No derivatives. If this electronic thesis has been edited by the author it will be indicated as such on the title page and in the text. Female Emancipation in a Colonial Context: the Chinese Community in Singapore 1900-1942 By Wei-an Yang A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of History June 2014 Abstract The advent of female Chinese immigrants was an important factor in shaping the Chinese community from an immigrant society into a stabilized community in Singapore at the beginning of the 20th century. Using a combination of Chinese language press and Colonial Office records, my study explores those primary sources to assess the voices of Chinese women, and examine how Chinese women were constituted as a group in the Chinese community during the colonial era. Chinese newspapers were an effective tool for disseminating information concerning nationalism in China as well as stirring up a consciousness of national identity within the Chinese community. Those activities carried out by the Kuomintang pushed forward the development of Chinese female education, and offered them opportunities to participate in the National Salvation Movement in the 1930s. On the other hand, three archetypes of Chinese woman - prostitutes, mui- tsais (domestic servants) and educated women - are introduced so as to examine their role in the formation of the Singapore Chinese community.
  • Reinscribing Patriarchy: the Sexual Politics of Neo-Confucianism in Contemporary Singapore

    Reinscribing Patriarchy: the Sexual Politics of Neo-Confucianism in Contemporary Singapore

    JASO 28/3 (1997): 249-73 REINSCRmING PATRIARCHY: THE SEXUAL POLITICS OF NEO-CONFUCIANISM IN CONTEMPORARY SINGAPORE JOHN CLAMMER Introduction ALL Chinese societies, whether on the mainland of Asia, in Taiwan, Hong Kong or elsewhere in world-wide diaspora, have had to struggle with their past, to recall it, to edit it, and, where necessary, to invent it. The intensity of this historical remembering, in contrast to the societal amnesia of much of the West and of contemporary Japan, comes from three sources: the need to remember because individual and cultural identity lies primarily in continuity (best expressed anthropologically in the concern with descent and the role of ancestors); because present political legitimacy derives from the patterns and fractures of the past; and because of the constant pressure to assimilate, express, and reinterpret the fuzzy body of practices, sentiments, and ideologies known collectively as 'Confucian­ ism'. Much of the history of the Chinese-speaking world in the last half-century can be seen in these terms: in the struggle against, and subsequent reincorporation, even redeification, of Confucius in the People's RepUblic; in the struggles for legit­ imacy, autonomy, and democracy in Taiwan; and in the identity politics of South­ east Asian Chinese, most of them ethnic and linguistic minorities in societies still their own, but in which to varying degrees they are still considered ~)Utsiders. The society in Asia which is in many ways the clearest exemplar of these preoccupations is Singapore-the one state in Southeast Asia with a substantial Chinese majority, the one in which identity-anxiety seems to be most keenly felt, 250 John Clammer but also the one that committed itself at its origin as an independent state in 1965 to a model of perpetual multiracialism, a model from which it is now in some significant ways retreating.
  • Foreign Participants (PDF)

    Foreign Participants (PDF)

    Name: Datin Paduka Hajah Adina Othman Position: Deputy Minister, Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sports Country of Origin: Brunei Biography: ADINA OTHMAN is the Deputy Minister of Culture, Youth and Sports since May 2010. She graduated from University of Kent, and University College, London in 1977 and 1980 respectively. Her working experiences encompass the fields of culture, youth and sports and community development. She is also a former Commissioner for ASEAN Commission on the Promotion and Protection of the Rights of Women and Children. She is a leading proponent on the rights of women and children and other vulnerable groups and delivered various papers in areas covering Community Development and Women issues. It is an undeniable fact that in order to achieve real and lasting progress, women must be placed at the forefront of the socio-economic agenda. Empowering women is key towards a more sustainable and better quality of life for all. Our presence here today and our achievement to date is living testament of that fact. It is therefore a privilege and an honour for me to be among the contributors of such progress at the World Assembly for Women in Tokyo 2014. This Assembly allows us to reaffirm our commitment to the continued participation of women and press towards a more equitable society for us all. I wish to congratulate Japan for organizing such a prestigious event and pray that the successful convening of WAW! Tokyo 2014 would spur women’s power from strength to strength for the benefit of all – men, women and children and towards enhancing greater peace and understanding in the world.
  • Djibouti Joint Submission to the UN Universal Periodic Review 30Th Session of the UPR Working Group

    Djibouti Joint Submission to the UN Universal Periodic Review 30Th Session of the UPR Working Group

    ! Djibouti Joint Submission to the UN Universal Periodic Review 30th Session of the UPR Working Group Submitted 5 October 2017 Submission by CIVICUS: World Alliance for Citizen Participation, NGO in General Consultative Status with ECOSOC East and Horn of Africa Human Rights Defenders Project, NGO in Special Consultative Status with ECOSOC International Federation for Human Rights, NGO in Gener`l Consultative Status with ECOSOC 1.CIVICUS:(A) Introduction World Alliance for Citizen Participation East and Horn of Africa Human 1.1. CIVICUS is a global alliance of civil society organisationsRights Defenders (CSOs) and Project activists CIVICUSdedicated UPR Lead, to strengthening Cathal Gilbert citizen Email: action and civil society around the world. Founded in [email protected] Advocacy Manager, Clementine de Montjoye 1993,Ms Susan we proudly Wilding, promote Email: marginalised voices, Email:especially [email protected] from the Global South, and [email protected] members in more than 170 countries throughout the world. Tel: +256 779 673 378 Web: www.defenddefenders.org 1.2. The Tel:East +41 and 22Horn 733 of 3435 Africa Human Rights Defenders Project (DefendDefenders) is a Web: www.civicus.org regional CSO that seeks to strengthen the work of human rights defenders (HRDs) throughout the region by reducing their vulnerability to the risk of persecution and by enhancing their capacity to effectively defend human rights. EHAHRDP focuses its work on Burundi, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Somalia (together with Somaliland), South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda. 1.3. The International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH) is an international human rights NGO that unites 184 member organizations from 117 countries.
  • Workers in Susan Joel

    Workers in Susan Joel

    Abstract This bibliography is divided into three sections: (1) female transnational Women Factory employees in the Third World; (2) transnational corporations; and Workers in (3) women and work. The approximately 600 documents included span Less Developed the years 1967-1989 and the regions of Southwest and East Asia, Latin America, and Mexico. Countries: An Annotated Bibliography About the Author Susan Joel received her M.A. in Sociology in 1989. She is a Ph.D. by candidate in Sociology at Michigan State University. Her areas of interest include political economy, Third World women and development, and U.S. low-income housing policy and its effects on Susan Joel female-headed households. Michigan State University Women and International Development Working Paper Michigan State University #214 202 International Center, East Lansing, MI 48824-1035 August 1990 Phone: 517/353-5040; Fax: 517/432-4845 E-mail: [email protected]; Web: http://www.isp.msu.eduIWID/ See back page for ordering information and call for papers Copyright © 1990 MSU Board of Trustees Table of contents Introduction . 2 Women in Transnational Employment. 4 Transnational Corporations 36 Women and Work . • . 63 Acknowledgment: I would like to extend my gratitude and appreciation to Melissa Barker for her helpful suggestions, careful editing and timeless support. 1 WOMEN FACTORY WORKERS IN LESS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES: AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY INTRODUCTION' Literature on transnational corporations (TNCs) takes several forms. Much of what has been written on these corporations was written by and for the managerial elite of transnational corporations themselves. This body of literature centers around the advantages of off-shore production, the advantages of one location over another, and how to obtain the lucrative tax and other benefits that less developed country (LDC) governments offer.
  • The Organic Laws in Francophone Africa and The

    The Organic Laws in Francophone Africa and The

    Article The organic laws in Special Issue on African Courts and francophone Africa and the Contemporary Constitutional judicial branch: a contextual Developments analysis Enyinna S Nwauche Guest Editor Jennifer Gitiri Senior State Counsel, Office of the Attorney Vol 35 No 1 (2021) General & Department of Justice, Kenya. Published 31 March 2021 Boldizsár Dr. Szentgáli-Tóth ISSN 2523-2177 Research Fellow, Hungarian Academy of Science, Hungary. Abstract Organic, qualified, or institutional laws are a special category of statutes that have a constitutional mandate to protect institutional frameworks and fundamental rights and freedoms. They operate using stricter procedural mechanisms than those available under ordinary legislative processes as they are usually passed by a supermajority. The three main models of organic laws are the French, Spanish, and Hungarian. There is arguably a fourth African model that is yet to crystallise as it is still in flux and ever-changing. Each of these models espouses unique constitutional, Speculum Juris legal, and historical characteristics that set it apart from the other. Due to its origin, organic laws are more common in civil rather than common-law countries. Organic laws are vested with certain constitutional, political, and historical functions. For example, they are used to protect institutional frameworks and fundamental rights and freedoms. In Spain, organic laws form part of the Spanish Constitution and are only invoked during times of constitutional reviews of ordinary laws. In Africa, the institutional function of organic law is given primary consideration as a mechanism that indirectly protects fundamental rights and freedoms. Since organic laws are promulgated to promote clear constitutional objectives, its scope differs from state to state on account of varying historical contexts, despite sharing a similar origin.