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Why Are Gender Reforms Adopted in Singapore? Party Pragmatism and Electoral Incentives* Netina Tan
Why Are Gender Reforms Adopted in Singapore? Party Pragmatism and Electoral Incentives* Netina Tan Abstract In Singapore, the percentage of elected female politicians rose from 3.8 percent in 1984 to 22.5 percent after the 2015 general election. After years of exclusion, why were gender reforms adopted and how did they lead to more women in political office? Unlike South Korea and Taiwan, this paper shows that in Singapore party pragmatism rather than international diffusion of gender equality norms, feminist lobbying, or rival party pressures drove gender reforms. It is argued that the ruling People’s Action Party’s (PAP) strategic and electoral calculations to maintain hegemonic rule drove its policy u-turn to nominate an average of about 17.6 percent female candidates in the last three elections. Similar to the PAP’s bid to capture women voters in the 1959 elections, it had to alter its patriarchal, conservative image to appeal to the younger, progressive electorate in the 2000s. Additionally, Singapore’s electoral system that includes multi-member constituencies based on plurality party bloc vote rule also makes it easier to include women and diversify the party slate. But despite the strategic and electoral incentives, a gender gap remains. Drawing from a range of public opinion data, this paper explains why traditional gender stereotypes, biased social norms, and unequal family responsibilities may hold women back from full political participation. Keywords: gender reforms, party pragmatism, plurality party bloc vote, multi-member constituencies, ethnic quotas, PAP, Singapore DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5509/2016892369 ____________________ Netina Tan is an assistant professor of political science at McMaster University. -
Participant Bios
Johan Aalto Senior Partner, Hannes Snellman PRACTICE AND EXPERIENCE Johan Aalto is Hannes Snellman’s Senior Partner. He specializes in mergers and acquisitions, corporate finance and capital markets, with an emphasis on public takeovers. During the last few years, Johan has been involved in some of the largest and most complex transactions in Finland. He also focuses on corporate governance issues and acts as the chairman of general meetings of several listed companies in Finland. Johan has been awarded the honorary title Lagman by the President of the Republic of Finland. MEMBERSHIPS AND POSITIONS OF TRUST • Member of the committee preparing the first Finnish guidelines on takeovers (the Helsinki Takeover Code), 2007 • Board memberships in several companies • Member of the Finnish Bar Association, 1991 EDUCATION AND PROFESSIONAL BACKGROUND • Senior Partner, 2009 • Managing Partner, Hannes Snellman, 2005-2009 • Partner, Hannes Snellman, 1994 • Master of Laws, University of Helsinki, 1987 Nigel Boardman Partner, Slaughter and May Nigel’s broad practice includes domestic and international corporate finance, mergers and acquisitions, joint ventures, IPOs, demergers, private acquisitions and disposals, private equity, public takeovers, issues of compliance and corporate governance, investigations and insolvency, restructurings, investigations and sports law. Nigel has received a number of accolades, including: • The Financial Times’ Special Achievement Award • Chambers Directories Lifetime Achievement award • Lawyer of the Decade award from Financial News (2015) • included in Debrett’s ‘Who’s Who’ • ranked as a “star performer” for Corporate and M&A work by Chambers in its U.K., Europe and Global directories • identified as a “Thought Leader” for M&A and Corporate Governance work in Who’s Who Legal: Thought Leaders 2017 Nigel is a consulting editor of the Oxford University Press’ ‘Annotated Companies Acts’ and is on the Editorial Board of the ‘Journal for Corporate and Commercial Law and Practice’. -
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aarp international THE JOURNAL Special Edition on Women: Illuminating Progress aarp international SPECIAL EDITION ON WOMEN editor-in-chief Josh Collett managing editors Erica Dhar Jeffrey Gullo editors Holly Schulz Bradley Schurman Natalie Turner contributing writers Jonathan Peterson Boe Workman Katherine Kline contributing editors Rebecca Tsurumi Jacob Udewitz design ultrastudio.co the journal online journal.aarpinternational.org aarp international online aarpinternational.org facebook facebook.com/aarpintl twitter @aarpintl contact AARP Office of International Affairs 601 E Street, NW Washington, DC 20049 United States t +1 202 434 2402 f +1 202 434 2717 e [email protected] AARP International: The Journal is a publication of AARP. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent policies of AARP and should not be construed as endorsements. The mention of a product or service herein is solely for information to our readers and may not be used for any commercial purpose. AARP, which was established in 1958, is a nonprofit, non- partisan organization with tens of millions of members ages 50 and older. State offices are located in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands. September 2015 ©2015, AARP Reprinting with permission only. ii aarp international THE JOURNAL SPECIAL EDITION ON WOMEN ILLUMINATING PROGRESS DEPARTMENTS & FEATURES 2 Foreword debra b. whitman 4 Women as Disrupters of Aging jo ann c. jenkins 28 Data: Beyond Information to the Human Voice vanessa liston 41 A Landmark Event -
Administration of Donald J. Trump, 2019 Remarks at the National
Administration of Donald J. Trump, 2019 Remarks at the National Governors Association Dinner February 24, 2019 Thank you very much, everybody. This is an honor. Fifty-nine Governors. Think of that. But we actually have—we added a few from the islands, so we broke it down to 49. But we love to exaggerate just a little bit. [Laughter] This has been a—really, a great couple of days. We've had a lot of fun together. And it's been, you know, very special. We've gotten to know each other. We've gotten to like each other, in almost all cases. Let's see, one or two cases. Every case, I would say. [Laughter] Every single case. I just want to thank Vice President Mike Pence and our Second Lady, Karen. Thank you very much. Thank you, Mike, very much. And I especially want to thank our really great Cabinet for being here. We have most members of the Cabinet and our great new Attorney General. And, Bill Barr and Mrs. Barr, thank you very much. Thank you. I can say this: Our country is doing very, very well. We are doing record business. We're doing record employment. Right now we have the most people working in our country than ever in the history of our country, close to 160 million people. And that's a big thing. And I'll give you a little advance information. I see Steve Mnuchin is here, and Ambassador Lighthizer. We just left a big meeting with China, and we just put out a statement, and we're doing very well with China. -
Combating Corruption in Latin America: Congressional Considerations
Combating Corruption in Latin America: Congressional Considerations May 21, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45733 SUMMARY R45733 Combating Corruption in Latin America May 21, 2019 Corruption of public officials in Latin America continues to be a prominent political concern. In the past few years, 11 presidents and former presidents in Latin America have been forced from June S. Beittel, office, jailed, or are under investigation for corruption. As in previous years, Transparency Coordinator International’s Corruption Perceptions Index covering 2018 found that the majority of Analyst in Latin American respondents in several Latin American nations believed that corruption was increasing. Several Affairs analysts have suggested that heightened awareness of corruption in Latin America may be due to several possible factors: the growing use of social media to reveal violations and mobilize Peter J. Meyer citizens, greater media and investor scrutiny, or, in some cases, judicial and legislative Specialist in Latin investigations. Moreover, as expectations for good government tend to rise with greater American Affairs affluence, the expanding middle class in Latin America has sought more integrity from its politicians. U.S. congressional interest in addressing corruption comes at a time of this heightened rejection of corruption in public office across several Latin American and Caribbean Clare Ribando Seelke countries. Specialist in Latin American Affairs Whether or not the perception that corruption is increasing is accurate, it is nevertheless fueling civil society efforts to combat corrupt behavior and demand greater accountability. Voter Maureen Taft-Morales discontent and outright indignation has focused on bribery and the economic consequences of Specialist in Latin official corruption, diminished public services, and the link of public corruption to organized American Affairs crime and criminal impunity. -
Women in the Philippine Workforce
CONTENTS 5 Preface 7 Authors MAIN TOPICS 9 Work-Life Balance: The Philippine Experience in Male and Female Roles and Leadership Regina M. Hechanova 25 Rural Women’s Participation in Politics in Village-level Elections in China Liu Lige 37 Status of Women in Singapore and Trends in Southeast Asia Braema Mathiaparanam 51 Gender and Islam in Indonesia (Challenges and Solution) Zaitunah Subhan 57 Civil Society Movement on Sexuality in Thailand: A Challenge to State Institutions Varaporn Chamsanit DOCUMENTS 67 Joint Statement of the ASEAN High-Level Meeting on Good Practices in CEDAW Reporting and Follow-up 3 WEB LINKS 69 Informative websites on Europe and Southeast Asia ABSTRACTS 73 4 PREFACE conomic progress and political care giver. Similarly, conservative Eliberalisation have contributed religious interpretations undermine greatly to tackling the challenges of reform of outdated concepts of the role poverty and inequality in Asia. Creating and status of women in Asian societies. equal opportunities and ensuring equal The articles presented in this edition treatment for women is a key concern for of Panorama are testimony to the civil society groups and grassroots leaders multitude of challenges faced by women across the region. Undoubtedly, in most across Asia in the struggle to create parts of Asia, women today enjoy greater gender equality. They range from freedoms than their mothers did before addressing a shift in traditional gender them including improved access to roles derived from advancing healthcare, enhanced career opportunities, modernisation and globalisation to the and increased participation in political need to identify ways and means to decision-making. Nonetheless, key support women in their rightful quest challenges persistently remain. -
Wind Energy in the UK
Wind Energy in the United Kingdom: Modelling the Effect of Increases in Installed Capacity on Generation Efficiencies Anthony D Stephens and David R Walwyn Correspondence to [email protected] Abstract The decision by the government in December 2007 that the United Kingdom (UK) should build a 33 gigawatt wind fleet, capable of generating about 10 gigawatts or 25% of the country’s electricity total requirement, was a controversial one. Proponents argued that it was the most attractive means of lowering the country’s greenhouse gas emissions, whereas opponents noted that it would result in an unnecessary and burdensome additional expense to UK industry and households. Subsequently there have been calls for the wind fleet target to be further increased to perhaps 50% of demand. Although the National Grid has had little difficulty in accommodating the current output of about 10% of the total demand on the grid, this will not be the case for a substantially larger wind fleet. When the wind blows strongly, turbines shed wind/energy which is surplus to demand, leading to significant reductions in generating efficiencies. The purpose of the research described in this paper has been to develop a method for investigating the likely performance of future large UK wind fleets. The method relies on the use of mathematical models based on National Grid records for 2013 to 2015, each year being separately analysed. It was found that the three models derived using 2013, 2014 and 2015 data were sensibly the same, despite a 30% increase in installed capacity over this period. Importantly the predictions were either relatively insensitive to, or could compensate for, perturbations likely to be seen by the grid in future, indicating that the model from a single year’s records should have wide applicability as a predictive tool. -
2016 YEAR in REVIEW Drexzy Jian Plays with Building Blocks in a Sponsorship-Supported Early Childhood Care and Development Center the POWER in the Philippines
CHILD SPONSORSHIP: 2016 YEAR IN REVIEW Drexzy Jian plays with building blocks in a sponsorship-supported early childhood care and development center THE POWER in the Philippines. OF CHILD 2016 YEAR SPONSORSHIP IN REVIEW In 2016, we put your Photo: Save the Children in the Philippines generosity to work, giving the world’s children what every child deserves — a future. Photo: Save the Children in Malawi Sponsorship Reaches Children In Nepal, children build strong Our pioneering sponsorship programs address the foundations in sponsorship programs that will set them unique needs of the world’s most vulnerable children, on a path to success. THE POWER OF CHILD SPONSORSHIP 3 Sponsorship Reaches Children giving them a healthy start, the opportunity to 4 Numbers to Know learn and protection from harm. We empower local YOUR IMPACT 6 Together, We Make a World of Difference communities to achieve immediate and lasting change 8 Our Sponsorship Community Impact for girls and boys in desperate need. Because every 10 Our Work in the United States 12 Pioneers in Sponsorship child deserves the best chance for a bright future. 16 Innovating for the Future A COMMUNITY OF SPONSORS MIRACLE HAPPY 18 Sanyu Comes Home Save the Children 20 Girls Light Up the World staff in Haiti help children write letters 21 Partnering for Good Their Names Say It All to their sponsors, an We dedicate this year’s report to Miracle, Happy and all the sponsored important part of WHO’S WHO the sponsorship children whose names remind us of the joy of sponsorship. Nine-year- 22 Our Dedicated Team experience. -
El Salvador Unámonos Para Crecer
; o (i 1" r H o ) ó EL SALVADOR UNÁMONOS PARA CRECER INFORME DE RESULTADOS ALCANZADOS EN LA MISiÓN OFICIAL A SEDE DE NACIONES UNIDAS, NUEVA YORK, ESTADOS UNIDOS, REALIZADA EN EL PERíODO COMPRENDIDO ENTRE EL 8-11 DE MARZO DE 2015, POR PARTE DE LA SECRETARIA DE INCLUSiÓN SOCIAL DE LA PRESIDENCIA DE LA REPÚBLICA DE EL SALVADOR, DRA. VANDA PIGNATO 1. Introducción y contexto La Secretaría de Inclusión Social (SIS) de la Presidencia tiene por mandato institucional, velar por la generación de condiciones que permitan la inclusión social, el desarrollo y protección de la persona y la familia, la eliminación de distintas formas de discriminación y el desarrollo de capacidades de acción y participación ciudadana, desde un enfoque de derechos humanos. Desde su creación, en junio de 2009, la SIS ha trabajado en la formulación e implementación de políticas, proyectos, programas y planes dirigidos a los sectores sociales más vulnerables y que tradicionalmente habían sido excluidos de las plataformas gubernamentales de los gobiernos anteriores, tal es el caso de los sectores de mujeres, las personas con discapacidad, los adultos mayores y las personas de la comunidad de la diversidad sexual. En consonancia con el Plan Quinquenal de Desarrollo 2014-2019, "El Salvador productivo, educado y seguro", la gestión gubernamental del Presidente Salvador Sanchez Cerén, trabaja por garantizar el derecho de todas las personas de El Salvador a una vida digna, plena, feliz y libre de cualquier tipo de discriminación, priorizando a los sectores más vulnerables, compromiso que la SIS ejecuta a través de sus programas Ciudad Mujer, 1 Nuestros Mayores Derechos, dirigido a la población adulta mayor; y por medio de todo el trabajo desarrollado para combatir la discriminación de las personas por su orientación sexual. -
RBI's 1St Ever CFO & Other Influential Women in Banking & Business
RBI's 1st Ever CFO & Other Influential Women in Banking & Business Sector! In the advanced era, women are taking charge of almost every sector from creating new business, acquiring companies and representing some of the top banks and financial institutions in the country. Where Ms. Sudha Balakrishnan has been appointed as the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) of the Reserve Bank of India; Indra Nooyi, CEO of PepsiCo is the common resident of Forbes List of Most Powerful Women & Influential Businesswomen in the World. There are many such exceptional professionals who are taking decisions that affect future of millions of people across the country and the globe. Here's the list of Most influential Indian Women in Banking & Business sector. If you are preparing for SSC, Banking or other Government Exams, it is very important that you know about these women, their career trajectory and importance of their business and work as you are bound to have questions based on this list in the General Awareness section of these exams. Most Influential Women in Banking and Business Sector The following list encompasses the most Powerful Women in Banking and Business Sector. All of them have found places in the Top 100 or Top 50 in surveys conducted by international firms like Forbes and Fortune. Let’s have a look at some top notch influential women, which are important from the exam point of view. 1 | P a g e 1. SUDHA BALAKRISHNAN • Former Executive of National Securities Depository Limited, Sudha Balakrishnan has been appointed as the first Women Chief Financial Officer of Reserve Bank of India (RBI) adding another feather to her cap. -
Chryscapital Wins VCC Circle Fund Manager of the Year
4/1/2019 Morgan Stanley buys majority stake in warehouse developer KSH Infra HOME (HTTPS://WWW.VCCIRCLE.COM/) / FINANCE (HTTPS://WWW.VCCIRCLE.COM/INDUSTRY/FINANCE) FINANCE (HTTPS://WWW.VCCIRCLE.COM/INDUSTRY/FINANCE) Mankind Pharma, IIFL Wealth, Byju's, ChrysCap, KKR among winners of VCCircle Awards By Debjyoti Roy (https://www.vccircle.com/author/debjyoti-roy) 14 February, 2019 Winners of VCCircle Awards 2019 Drugmaker Mankind Pharma Ltd, ed-tech venture Byju's, homegrown private equity rm ChrysCapital and global alternative asset manager KKR are among the winners of the VCCircle Awards 2019. The annual awards, now in their eighth year, felicitate PE- and venture capital-backed companies in key sectors as well as investment funds, law rms and investment bankers. The winners were awarded on Thursday as part of the VCCircle India Limited Partners Summit 2019, held at ITC Grand Central in Mumbai. The winners were chosen based on the recommendation of an eminent ve-member jury. The jury comprised Keki Mistry, CEO at Housing Development Finance Corporation; Gopal Srinivasan, chairman and managing director at TVS Capital Funds Ltd; Michael Liu, senior vice president at Portfolio Advisors; Sameer Garde, president (India and SAARC), Cisco; and Anjali Bansal, founder of Avaana Capital. Plastic products maker Supreme Industries Ltd; IIFL Wealth Management Ltd, a unit of nancial services company IIFL Holdings; Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd, part of the diversied Mahindra Group; HL Agro Products, one of the country’s top exporters of sesame seeds and corn products; and Bangalore International Airport Ltd bagged the portfolio company awards in their respective sectors. The awards also recognised top PE and VC fundraisers, as also the exit of the year based on annualised return, or the internal rate of return (IRR). -
<Meeting Name> Minutes
Ordinary Meeting of the General Assembly of IHTSDO, trading as SNOMED International 9 April 2019, 13:30 local time Minutes of Meeting Location: London, United Kingdom Informal agenda 1. Welcome by the Chair of the Management Board Lady Barbara Judge, Chair of the Management Board (MB), welcomed all attendees to the Ordinary Meeting of the General Assembly of IHTSDO, trading as SNOMED International. 2. Confirmation of quorum Lady Barbara Judge confirmed that there was a quorum, with 27 of the 37 represented Member countries in attendance, either in person, over the phone or by a nominated proxy. Brunei and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia had no representation. 3. Election of a Chair for the General Assembly meeting It was established that the GA had nominated and elected Lies van Gennip, the GA Representative for the Netherlands, to be the Chair for the meeting. The Chair stated that the GA meeting had been convened according to the IHTSDO Articles of Association, cf. the Articles clause 8.2.6 Page 1 of 9 Formal agenda presided over by the agreed Chair 4. Confirmation of attendees and alternates with designated power of attorney Attendees Apologies Name Role Name Role Lies van Gennip Chair, representing the Alejandra Lozano Representing Chile (LVG) Netherlands (ALO) Alejandro Lopez Vasos Scoutellas Representing Argentina Representing Cyprus Osornio (AOS) (VSC) Steven Issa (SIS) Representing Australia Vicky Fung (VFU) Representing Hong Kong, China Guðrún Auður Stefan Sabutsch Representing Austria Harðardóttir Representing Iceland (SSA) (GAH)