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The King and His Army: a New Perspective on the Military in 18Th Century Brandenburg-Prussia
international journal of military history and historiography 39 (2019) 34-62 IJMH brill.com/ijmh The King and His Army: A New Perspective on the Military in 18th Century Brandenburg-Prussia Carmen Winkel* Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia [email protected] Abstract Brandenburg-Prussia has always occupied a special place in the German-speaking historiography. However, this has not resulted in a particularly differentiated state of research. Rather, the Prussian military of the 18th century is still characterized by at- tributes such as ‘monarchic’ and ‘absolutist, which unreflectively continues the narra- tives of 19th-century historiography. This article is explicitly challenging this image by assuming a differentiated concept of rulership as well as of the military in the 18th cen- tury. Using the aristocratic elites, it will examine how Frederick William I (1713–1740) and Frederick II (1740–1786) ruled the army, and ruled using the army. Keywords Brandenburg-Prussia – Absolutism – Frederick II – Nobility – Networking – Patronage – State Building 1 Introduction Prussia has in many respects been regarded as the archetype for the military in the Early Modern period, resulting in its developments being written large- ly for the early modern military in general. Brandenburg-Prussia has always * Dr Winkel earned her PhD from the University of Potsdam (Germany), researching the 18th century Prussian Army. University positions in Germany and China preceded her current post as Assistant Professor at Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University in Saudi Arabia. © koninklijke brill nv, leiden, 2019 | doi:10.1163/24683302-03901003Downloaded from Brill.com10/01/2021 06:17:56AM via free access <UN> The King and His Army 35 occupied a special place in the German-speaking historiography. -
This Document IS a HOLDING of the ARCHIVES SECTION LIBRARY SERVICES FORT LEAVENWORTH, KANSAS DOCUMENT NO
Z-SY subject. 2-;4 TT O t U5W zM i k~OFId U1J1\L4 LV:aI TRC& IN NINT:TNT 'iAK EARL3Y TitWETIETHCENTT PIRZ THOII ,S D. &~IIL LT COL 0-30613 Date submitted; 31 Iay 1949 The Prussian system of universal service in nineteenth and early twentieth cen- tunies, by Lt Col T. D. MPhai l. Com~- mand & General Staff College. 31 May 52. This Document IS A HOLDING OF THE ARCHIVES SECTION LIBRARY SERVICES FORT LEAVENWORTH, KANSAS DOCUMENT NO. -2 5ZL4 COPY NO. __j_ 9 Fi GSC1607Ma Form --- Army-CGSC-P2-1798-7 Mar 5Z-5M 13 Mar 51 THE PIUSIIN SYSTIEM OF UN VEi~RLL SBRVICE IN NIiNTEENTH AND EARLY T ONTIETH CENITIURIES To properly present the Prussian system of universal service in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries it will be neces- sary to orient the class on the origin of the Prussian system of universal service, The history of Prussia presents the novelty of a group of unpromising little provinces speedily growing up in the eighteenth century to a great kingdom which inUhe nineteenth century united Germany under its rule. The major factor in this rise was the strength and efficiency of its military forces. The real father of Prussian militarism was King Frederick William (1713-1740), who made the army the conscious instrument of power politics. He believed that the larger a state's army, the larger the role the state could play in international politics. To ensure himself of -a large number of recruits, and at the same time still the complaints over forcible recruiting, Frederick adopted a system of universal service that was to remain un- changed until :ussia was defeated by Napoleon. -
Hohenzollern Prussia: Claiming a Legacy of Legitimacy
Portland State University PDXScholar University Honors Theses University Honors College 2015 Hohenzollern Prussia: Claiming a Legacy of Legitimacy Jeremy Brooks Weed Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/honorstheses Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Weed, Jeremy Brooks, "Hohenzollern Prussia: Claiming a Legacy of Legitimacy" (2015). University Honors Theses. Paper 177. https://doi.org/10.15760/honors.185 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in University Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. P a g e | 1 Hohenzollern Prussia: Claiming a Legacy of Legitimacy By Jeremy Brooks Weed P a g e | 2 Table of Contents I. Introduction to the Hohenzollerns of Prussia II. Historical Perspectives and a Divided Discourse III. Brandenburg to Prussia IV. The Politics Religion and the International Norms of the 17th and 18th Century V. The Holy Roman Empire and the Internal Politics of Dynastic Claims VI. International Norms of the Early Modern Era and the Relationship of Dynastic Claims VII. The House of Hohenzollern and the Foundations of Prussian Dynastic Claims VIII. The Reign and Achievements of Elector Frederick William IX. From Prince to King the Reign of Frederick I X. King Frederick William I takes Stettin and Centralizes the State XI. From Claims to Prussian Territory: How Frederick II Settled the Claims XII. Conclusion XIII. Works Cited XIV. Appendix A: Maps of Prussia P a g e | 3 I. -
Military Strategy and Adaptation in Machiavelli and Frederick the Great
Military Strategy and Adaptation in Machiavelli and Frederick the Great An Honors Thesis for the Department of Political Science Raphael Parens Tufts University 2015 Table of Contents Chapter I: Introduction 1 Section I: Machiavelli and Frederick the Great 1 Section II: Research Questions and Thesis 5 Chapter II: Methodology 9 Section I: General Methodology 9 Section II: Voltaire’s Influence and the True Nature of Anti-Machiavel 15 Section III: Analyzing Machiavelli’s Different Works and Audiences 20 Chapter III: Understanding The Prince, Chapter XIV 21 Chapter IV: Soldiers and the Problematic Nature of Extra-National Forces 33 Chapter V: Fortune and Deception in Military Strategy 58 Chapter VI: Populace, Ruler, and the General Benefit of Warfare 77 Chapter VII: Conclusion 86 ii Explanation of Abbreviations and Footnotes: The following abbreviations are used as shorthand for my primary sources in the in-text citations, as listed below: 1. A-M: Anti-Machiavel: Or, an Examination of Machiavel’s Prince. With Notes Historical and Political. Published by Mr. de Voltaire. Translated from the French. (London, 1741). 2. Prince: Niccolò Machiavelli, The Prince, 2nd ed (Chicago, Ill: University of Chicago Press, 1998). 3. Livy: Niccolò Machiavelli, Discourses on Livy (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996). 4. AoW: Niccolò Machiavelli, Art of War (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003). iii Chapter I: Introduction Section I: Machiavelli and Frederick the Great My thesis will analyze the advancement and synthesis of military political theory and strategy by Machiavelli and Frederick the Great. Both were great innovators for their time, and they offer significant developments in the areas of political theory and military strategy. -
Cuius Regio? REGIO Ideological and Territorial Cohesion of Silesia Vol
CUIUS Cuius regio? REGIO Ideological and Territorial Cohesion of Silesia vol. 3 eds Lucyna Harc, Przemysław Wiszewski, Rościsław Żerelik Silesia under the Authority of the Hohenzollerns (1741–1918) (1741–1918) Silesia under the Authority of Hohenzollerns vol. 3 Silesia under the Authority This volume contains a collection of studies which are the product of research of the Hohenzollerns (1741–1918) on the formation of Silesia as a region in the period 1740-1918. It is another portion of the summary of research undertaken by a team of Polish historians in conjunction with their participation in the programme of the European Science Foundation entitled Cuius regio. An analysis of the cohesive and disruptive forces determining the attachment and commitment of (groups of) persons to and the cohesion within regions. The project’s assumptions were for original analyses to be conducted on five factors significant in the functioning of the region: administration (Paweł Jaworski), economy (Teresa Kulak), social groups (Wanda Musialik and Dorota Schreiber-Kurpiers), ethnic issues (Dorota Schreiber-Kurpiers) and the national and cultural identity of the region’s inhabitants (Teresa Kulak). In each of the spheres analysed in this book, what has been demonstrated is the prevalence of disintegrating factors in the region from the period of its seizure by the armies of Frederick II until the conclusion of World War I. Top-down efforts undertaken by the authorities aimed at integrating the region with the Prussian state, and then with the Reich, did not fully achieve their objectives. The split into the two sub-regions of Upper and Lower Silesia would seem to be inevitable, in spite of particular unifying elements, particularly in the economic sphere during the second half of the 19ʰ and beginning of the 20ʰ century. -
The Formation of Prussia
The Formation of Prussia Ch5 TRANSFORMATION OF EASTERN EUROPE (1648-1740) Quick understanding of Sweden’s empire • It was mainly powerful within the 17th century (1600’s) • Important leaders led this country to a reign of power ex.) Gustavus Adolphus or most importantly Charles XII • They Created this empire when in the 30 year war they allied with the protestant princes predominantly from the north(helped stop unification of germany) Quick understanding of Sweden’s empire • In the peace of Westphalia they gained land in Northern Germany • Other wars against Poland- Lithuania (the commonwealth) also created gains for Sweden. Soon controlled all of Baltic sea became “Sweden's lake” • Eventually beaten by Russia where Charles XII of Sweden fled then to Turkey (Sweden losses it’s stance as a superpower) Brandenburg-Prussia Grows • Land that Prussia was to be forged from was quite poor for the creation of an empire • It was thinly populated with poor resources and ORIGINALLY backward to the rest of the German states like Saxony or Bohemia • It also had little Physical frontier between Poland Brandenburg-Prussia Grows • Brandenburg was formed from the Holy Roman Empire as a “Border State “ in other words it was the battlegrounds against enemies of the nation (In the Medieval age the Slavs) • The prince of Brandenburg would help elect an Emperor therefore the name Elector of Brandenburg was formed • The Elector of Brandenburg after 1415 would always be a Hohenzollern. This family would later rule Prussia. • East of Brandenburg is a land known as “Prussia” which would become the name of the nation latter Brandenburg-Prussia Grows • The Original “Prussia” was home of the Teutonic Knights they would settle as Germans making that area as well Germanic • They Would be Known as the Baltic Barons Modern Prussia is Formed • It started to form in the seventeenth century (1600’s) when the Hohenzollern family stared to inherit territories.