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Hawaii CR Capacity Assessment An Analysis of Issues Affecting the Management of Coral Reefs and the Associated Capacity Building Needs in the Main Hawaiian Islands OCTOBER 2013 Hawaii Capacity Assessment American Samoa Capacity Assessment SUSTAINAMETRIX : PDF LOGOS PDF files for word processing documents sm_logo_medium.pdf* sm_logo_large.pdf sm_logo_xlarge.pdf sm_logo_xlarge_bw.pdf** *STATIONERY SIZE sustainaMEtRix sustainaMEtRix sustainaMEtRix sm_logo_horiz_small.pdf* sm_logo_horiz_medium.pdf sustainaMEtRix sm_logo_horiz_large.pdf sm_logo_horiz_xlarge.pdf sm_logo_horiz_xlarge_bw.pdf** sustainaMEtRix *RECOMMENDED SIZE FOR HEADERS sustainaMEtRix sustainaMEtRix sm_trisk_xsmall.pf sm_trisk_small.pdf sm_trisk_medium.pdf sm_trisk_large.pdf sm_trisk_xlarge.pdf sm_trisk_xlarge_bw.pdf** **BLACK&WHITE LOGOS (NOT SHOWN) SUSTAINAMETRIX : PDF LOGOS PDF files for word processing documents sm_logo_medium.pdf* sm_logo_large.pdf sm_logo_xlarge.pdf sm_logo_xlarge_bw.pdf** *STATIONERY SIZE sustainaMEtRix sustainaMEtRix sustainaMEtRix sm_logo_horiz_small.pdf* sm_logo_horiz_medium.pdf sustainaMEtRix sm_logo_horiz_large.pdf sm_logo_horiz_xlarge.pdf sm_logo_horiz_xlarge_bw.pdf** sustainaMEtRix *RECOMMENDED SIZE FOR HEADERS sustainaMEtRix sustainaMEtRix Governance Response to Ecosystem Change Defining Features of Governance negotiations, the reserve designation improved the climate for the treaty !e long term trends in the resources and human activity in the Upper Gulf and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization between 1950 and 2005 have all been in the wrong direction for effective (UNESCO) designated over 3 million acres (12,000 km²) of the Upper ecosystem based management and for the protection of the vaquita. Gulf of California and the Colorado River Delta as a Biosphere Reserve. Within this 3 million acres, over 1 million acres (4,000 km²) nearest For decades SEMERNAT and CONAPESCA have often been in open the Colorado River Delta are designated as the Reserve “core area”, with conflict based on differences in philosophy and their approach to fisheries the remaining 2 million acres (8,000 km²) of open water and shoreline and the vaquita issue have beensm_trisk_xsmall.pf at the root of a dysfunctional governance designated as a “buffer area.” Federal Mexican governmental agencies with sm_trisk_small.pdfsystem in the Upper Gulf. "e in- administrative authority over the Biosphere Reserve include the National sm_trisk_medium.pdfstitutional and legal framework has Commission of Protected Natural Areas (CONAMP) and the Secretary tolerated corruption and inefficiency, of the Environment, Natural Resources and Fisheries (SEMARNAT). sm_trisk_large.pdfwhile breeding resentment and con- Concern over protection of the vaquita continued and a Vaquita Refuge sm_trisk_xlarge.pdfflict. In the Upper Gulf, competi- was established in 2006 in which fishing activities are subject to regulations sm_trisk_xlarge_bw.pdf**tion and conflict has at times been aimed at reducing the use of gill nets and decreasing the by-catch of the intense among agencies of govern- industrial trawlers. Beginning in 2005, international conservation NGOs An Analysishave ofthreatened Issues boycotts of the seafood harvested from the Upper Gulf to **BLACK&WHITEment serving LOGOS diff erent(NOT constituen SHOWN)- cies and interests – particularly the force actions designed to protect the vaquita. Affectingenvironmental the agency (SEMERManagement- of Coral Reefs NAT) and the fisheries authority (CONAPESCA). Upper Gulf fishermen Current Structure have periodically resortedand to demonstrations, the Associated highway blockages and other Capacity"e Upper Gulf is Buildingcurrently divided Needs means to protest and demand the cancelation of governmental actions that into four subareas, each of which has they see as unacceptable threats to their livelihoodsin the and their Main values. "e Hawaiianits own administrative Islands structure with once prized and lucrative totoaba fishery collapsed in the late 1950s due to distinct objectives and rules. "e over exploitation. During a research congress held in Hermosillo in 1988 four management regimes are; a proposal was made to the federal Fisheries agency that the Upper Gulf "e Upper Gulf of California and should be closed to fishing and that an education campaign be launchedPREPARED in River FOR: Colorado Delta Biosphere the hope that the twoCoral actions Reef would Managementsave the totoaba from Network extinction. in YetHawaii Reserve& NOAA created Coral in 1993 Reef as a multi Conservation Program the fisheries agency had no intention of closing off one of the nation’s rich- use Reserve in which the vaquita est fishing grounds given the economic, social and political consequences would be protected. Administered by the federal National Commission of of such an action. Protected Areas (CONANAP) which is part of SEMARNAT. PREPARED"e Vaquita BY: Refuge created in 2006 that is now recognized as includ- Biosphere Reserve ing only a portion of the vaquita’s range. "e refuge, created for wildlife Glenn G. Page, President/CEO, SustainaMetrix Concerns for the vaquita and shrimp trawling interaction increased and protection, was formed by an internal agreement in SEMARNAT and is prompted the delineation of a reserveAudrey in the UpperSwanenberg, Gulf to include Ecosystem the Governanceadministered by Analyst, CONANP SustainaMetrix in particular by the staff of "e Upper Gulf of Colorado River Delta. In in June 1993, Mexican president Carlos Salinas California and Colorado River Delta Biosphere Reserve. de Gortari established the BiosphereTaylor Reserve inMaddalene the northern, gulfEcosystem as a po- Governance"e Upper Gulf Analyst, Fisheries SustainaMetrixReserve where fishing activity is severely restrict- litical move to facilitate negotiations for the approval of the North Ameri- ed which is the “Core Zone” of the Upper Gulf of California and Colorado can Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). While not part of direct NAFTA River Delta Biosphere Reserve. "e approximately half of the Upper Gulf that is not included within either of the three management areas. With advice, input and guidance by the members of the Hawaii Jurisdictional Capacity Assessment Team: Emma Anders, Leo Asuncion, Kathy Chaston, Athline Clark, Eric Co, Mike Lameier, Risa Minato, Russell Sparks and John Tomczuk OCTOBER 2013 4 sustainaMEtRix JHU @ Eastern, 1101 E 33rd St, Suite E-301, Baltimore, MD 21218 | Phone: (443) 451-7211 or (443) 604-6812 | sustainametrix.com Table of Contents Acknowledgements iii Summary of Major Findings and Recommendations 1 Section One: Introduction 14 1.1 Scope and Purpose of this Assessment 14 1.2 Our Approach: Ecosystem-based Management 15 1.3 Our Approach: Adaptive Capacity 18 1.4 Additional Capacity Assessment Tools 19 Section Two: The Context for Coral Reef Management in Hawaii 24 2.1 Introduction to Context in Hawaii 24 2.2 Importance of Social and Historical Context 24 2.3 Societal Dimension of Coral Reef Management 26 2.4 Brief Summary of the Current State of the Reefs in Hawaii 28 2.5 Major Biophysical Pressures and Drivers of Coral Reef Condition 28 2.6 The Governance Context for Coral Reef Management 31 2.7 Context of Institutions Involved in Reef Management and their Recent Development Over Time 32 SUSTAINAMETRIX : PDF LOGOS 2.8 Governance Response to Shifts in Hawaiian Ecosystems 35 PDF files for word processing documents Section Three: Findings Related to Coral Reef Management Capacity in Hawaii 39 sm_logo_medium.pdf* 3.1 State Coral Reef Initiative Management Process 39 sm_logo_large.pdf sm_logo_xlarge.pdf 3.2 Brief Review of Management Enabling Conditions (1st Order Outcomes) 46 sm_logo_xlarge_bw.pdf** Section Four: Priority Capacity Building Strategies 51 *STATIONERY SIZE 4.1 Group 1 Recommendations: Politically Challenging Goals to Improve Formal Commitment to Coral Reef Conservation 52 4.2 Group 2 Recommendations: Using a Common Management Framework to Pursue sustainaEcosystem-basedMEtRix Management at Priority Sites 65 4.3 Group 3 Recommendations: Tractable Projects 76 sustainaMEtRix Section Five: Developingsustaina a Strategy for BuildingMEtRix Adaptive Capacity 83 5.1 Building a Long-Term Action Plan 83 sm_logo_horiz_small.pdf* sm_logo_horiz_medium.pdf sustainaMEtRix sm_logo_horiz_large.pdf i sm_logo_horiz_xlarge.pdf sm_logo_horiz_xlarge_bw.pdf** sustainaMEtRix *RECOMMENDED SIZE FOR HEADERS sustainaMEtRix sustainaMEtRix sm_trisk_xsmall.pf sm_trisk_small.pdf sm_trisk_medium.pdf sm_trisk_large.pdf sm_trisk_xlarge.pdf sm_trisk_xlarge_bw.pdf** **BLACK&WHITE LOGOS (NOT SHOWN) 5.2 Three Phases of the Assessment of Coral Reef Management Capacity 84 5.3 Lessons Learned in Building Adaptive Capacity From the Great Barrier Reef 85 5.4 Key Considerations For Developing A Post-Assessment Action Plan 88 5.5 Acting on the Grouping of Recommendations 90 5.6 Building Adaptive Capacity 90 Literature Cited 93 Appendix A: Glossary 97 Appendix B: Timeline of Coral Reef Management in Hawaii 100 Appendix C: For More Information 115 Appendix D: Interviews 118 Appendix E: Current (as of January 2013) Coral Reef Management Projects Supported by NOAA CRCP in Hawaii 121 Appendix F: Non-Emergency Rule-making Process Department of Land Natural Resources 123 Appendix G: Portfolio of Training Modules 125 Appendix H: Collaboration Evaluation and Improvement Framework SUSTAINAMETRIX : PDF LOGOS (CEIF) for Improving High Quality Collaboration 128 PDF files for word processing documents sm_logo_medium.pdf* sm_logo_large.pdf sm_logo_xlarge.pdf sm_logo_xlarge_bw.pdf** *STATIONERY SIZE sustainaMEtRix
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