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Flower Angel’ and 30 Plants of I HORTSCIENCE 56(5):617–618. 2021. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI15703-21 ‘Flower Angel’ and 30 plants of I. sanguinea were selected randomly to record the follow- ‘ ’ ing morphological traits: flower diameter, Flower Angel :ANewIris sanguinea flower color, plant height, leaf length, leaf width, leaf length-to-width ratio, bract length Cultivar and width, bract length-to-width ratio, inner perianth length, inner perianth width, inner Lijuan Fan perianth length-to-width ratio, outer perianth College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, length, outer perianth width, outer perianth Harbin 150040, China length-to-width ratio, flowering season, and fruiting period. The references of all color Yu Gao numbers were from the Royal Horticultural Forest Protection Research Institute of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin Society Color Chart (Royal Horticultural So- 150030, China ciety, 2007), which are designated as RHS numbers. The data were analyzed using SPSS Karl H. Hasenstein 22.0 (Lenovo, Beijing, China) with Duncan’s Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, one-way analysis of variance. ‘ ’ LA 70504 The plant height of Flower Angel was 72 cm, which is taller than I. sanguinea (55 Ling Wang cm). On average, the leaves are 63.6 cm long College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, and 1.1 cm wide, which results in a larger leaf area than I. sanguinea (58.11 Â 0.97 Harbin 150040, China cm), but the ratio of leaf length to width of ‘ ’ Additional index words. ornamental, cultivar, flower Flower Angel was less than I. sanguinea (Table 1). The bract length was shorter, but the bract width was wider than I. sanguinea. The average ratio of bract length to width of The Iridaceae is a family of perennial, new cultivar Flower Angel was selected from ‘Flower Angel’ was 4.79, which was less herbaceous, and bulbous plants that belong to its progeny. Compared with maternal strain, than I. sanguine (5.98). Flowers of ‘Flower the order Asparagales, taking their name the outer perianth of ‘Flower Angel’ is violet Angel’ had three falls and three standards, from the genus Iris.Therearemorethan [Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) N87A], similar to I. sanguinea.However,theflower 2000 species in this family (Peter and Man- the inner perianth is violet (RHS N87B), and size of ‘Flower Angel’ was 8.9 cm in diame- ning, 2008). The genus Iris is the largest one the middle veins of the petals are white. ter, which is considerably wider than I. san- of the family Iridaceae. There are about 300 guinea (6.5 cm). The inner and outer species around the world and 60 species in Origin perianths are wider than I. sanguinea, but the China (Roguz et al., 2020). Irises are com- ratios of length to width of the inner and out- monly used in landscaping because of their In 2003, the seeds of I. sanguinea were er perianths were less (Table 1). The perianth fl large, colorful, and showy owers (Lian obtained from the Shenyang Botanical Gar- color of ‘Flower Angel’ is violet (RHS N87A et al., 2016). Among Iris species, Iris sangui- den of China and were sown in the Mao-Er- and RHS N87B), whereas the perianth color nea (also known as Oriental Iris) has particu- Shan experimental forestry farm of Northeast of I. sanguinea is violet (RHS N88A). The fl larly large, brightly colored, butter y-shaped Forestry University (NEFU), Harbin, China. perianths of ‘Flower Angel’ have brown re- fl owers and it is resistant to cold and drought, Seeds from plants were collected in the fall ticulate patterns on a yellow background at and therefore it has a high ornamental value. and planted next spring in the same nursery the base, similar to I. sanguinea. The anther In addition, this species is resistant to water of NEFU with their parents. In 2011, a of ‘Flower Angel’ is violet (RHS N86C), logging and pollution (Bi et al., 2011; Shang unique plant (inventory no. NEFU 2011-13) compared with the violet-blue (RHS N92C) and Wang, 2014). It is often found in wet was detected in that population. Its outer peri- anthers of I. sanguinea. The style color is habitats such as swamps and wetlands, and it anth and inner perianth were violet (RHS light-violet (RHS N86C), but the middle vein can tolerate freezing conditions. Wild popula- N87A and RHS N87B), and the middle veins is white, whereas the styles of I. sanguinea tions of I. sanguinea are abundant, but the of the petals were white. Over the next few are violet (RHS N88A) (Figs. 1–3). The flow- petals have a fairly uniform blue-violet color years, the plant was divided into several indi- ering time of ‘Flower Angel’ extends from 5 (Wang and Wang, 2017). In the past few viduals and the clones were propagated at the June to 25 June at NEFU, and the fruiting pe- years, some new cultivars have been devel- Mao-Er-Shan experimental farm of NEFU. riod lasts until 20 Sept., similar to I. oped, such as ‘Forest Fairy’ (Kuwantai et al., After several years of outdoor cultivation, a sanguinea. 2018), ‘Dream of the Butterfly’ (Zhao et al., large number of plants developed in 2015. In summary, the major differences be- 2018), and ‘NEFU’ (Qi et al., 2020), and im- After 3 years of cultivation (2015–18), all tween ‘Flower Angel’ and I. sanguinea con- proving the color of flowers has become a fo- plants showed stable and consistent morpho- cern flower size and diameter, color, and cus of breeding of I. sanguinea. In 2011, the logical traits. In 2018, the new cultivar was plant height. Compared with I. sanguinea officially authorized to be released as ‘Flower ‘Flower Angel’ has more colorful, violet Received for Publication 25 Jan. 2021. Accept- Angel’ by the American Iris Society with ac- flowers, with contrasting white middle veins. ed for Publication 6 Mar. 2021. cession no. 18-1112. These unique characteristics make ‘Flower Published online 29 April 2021. Angel’ an excellent supplement to the diver- This work was supported by the Science and Description sity of I. sanguinea species for ornamental Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program purposes, and thus a valuable resource for of China (no. 2019FY100500), the Natural Fund From 2015 to 2018, the ‘Flower Angel’ further Iris breeding. Project of Heilongjiang Province (LH2020C044), and its parent I. sanguinea were planted in a and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Cen- 50-m2 flower nursery of NEFU for data col- tral Universities (2572020DF11). Cultivation Techniques lection. Ninety plants each of ‘Flower Angel’ L.W. is the corresponding author. E-mail: ‘ ’ [email protected]. and parent I. sanguinea were planted in com- Flower Angel is suitable for cultivation This is an open access article distributed under the mon gardens with a randomized design, with in northern China and similar climate zones. CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons. three replicates for each cultivar. Thirty It is well adapted to growing in sandy loam org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). plants (10 plants in each replication) of or light clay with well-drained and rich HORTSCIENCE VOL. 56(5) MAY 2021 617 Table 1. Morphological traits of new cultivar ‘Flower Angel’ and Iris sanguinea were collected Availability from 30 plants (10 plants/replication in three replications) planted in a randomly designed nurs- ery in Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China, from 2015 to 2018. Information about plant material and re- ‘ ’ Traitsz Flower Angel Iris sanguinea search of Flower Angel can be obtained Plant height (cm) 71.99 ± 0.16 ay 55.59 ± 0.12 b from Dr. Ling Wang (wanglinghlj@126. Leaf length (cm) 63.6 ± 0.18 a 58.11 ± 0.04 b com) at the College of Landscape Architec- Leaf width (cm) 1.10 ± 0.01 a 0.97 ± 0.003 b ture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Leaf length/width 58.34 ± 0.54 b 59.83 ± 0.2 a China. Bract length (cm) 5.24 ± 0.11 b 6.12 ± 0.008 a Bract width (cm) 1.1 ± 0.009 a 1.02 ± 0.001 b Literature Cited Bract length/width 4.79 ± 0.05 b 5.98 ± 0.01 a Flower diameter (cm) 8.85 ± 0.01 a 6.47 ± 0.003 b Bi, X.Y., Q. Lou, and Y. Zheng. 2011. Studies on Inner perianth length (cm) 4.18 ± 0.02 b 4.86 ± 0.03 a compatibility of interspecific hybridization be- Inner perianth width (cm) 2.11 ± 0.08 a 1.64 ± 0.08 b tween Iris lactea Pall. var. chinensis Koidz. and Inner perianth length/width 1.97 ± 0.02 b 2.97 ± 0.03 a I. sanguinea Hormen. Hort. Plant J. 38(5):977– Outer perianth length (cm) 4.90 ± 0.03 a 4.62 ± 0.02 b 984, doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2011.05.022. Outer perianth width (cm) 3.69 ± 0.01 a 2.12 ± 0.04 b Kuwantai, A., Y.J. Liu, Z.Z. Wan, H.Y. Liu, and Outer perianth length/width 1.33 ± 0.08 b 2.20 ± 0.04 a L. Wang. 2018. ‘Forest Fairy’: A new Iris san- Flower period 5 June–25 June 5 June–25 June guinea cultivar. HortScience 53:1222–1223, Fruit period 10 Aug.–20 Sept. 10 Aug.–20 Sept. doi: 10.21273/HORTSCI13114-18. zData were collected in 2015–18 and analyzed using SPSS 22.0 (Lenovo, Beijing, China). Lian, X.Y., G.J. Luo, H. Li, W.J. Xu, Y.E. Xiao, yMeans followed by the different letters in the same row are significantly different (P < 0.05). and X.Y. Bi. 2016.
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