Pergl J., Sádlo J., Petřík P., Danihelka J., Chrtek Jr., Hejda M., Moravcová L., Perglová I., Štajerová K. & Pyšek P. (2016): Dark side of the fence: ornamental plants as a source of wildgrowing flora in the Czech Republic. – Preslia 88: 163–184.

Taxon name (aggregated list) Taxon name (detailed list) FrequencyAbundanceCultivation within demands aggregatedStatus taxa Abelia chinensis 1 standard alien Abelia ×grandiflora 1 standard alien Abeliophyllum distichum 1 standard alien Abutilon ×hybridum 6 frost sensitive alien Acaena sp. 7 Acaena microphylla e specific habitatalien Acaena ovalifolia e specific habitatalien Acantholimon sp. 9 Acantholimon glumaceum d specific habitatalien Acanthus sp. 10 Acanthus hungaricus d standard alien Acanthus mollis e standard alien Acanthus spinosus r standard alien Acer campestre 31 standard native Acer ginnala 28 standard alien Acer griseum 1 standard alien Acer sect. Palmata 113 Acer japonicum e standard alien Acer palmatum e standard alien Acer shirasawanum r standard alien Acer negundo 55 standard alien Acer pennsylvanicum 1 standard alien Acer platanoides 68 standard native Acer pseudoplatanus 39 standard native Acer rubrum 3 standard alien Acer saccharinum 21 standard alien Acer tataricum 6 standard alien Achillea ageratifolia 3 standard alien Achillea cf. umbellata 1 standard alien Achillea filipendulina 83 standard alien Achillea chrysocoma et A. tomentosa 23 Achillea chrysocoma e standard alien Achillea tomentosa e standard alien Achillea millefolium 36 standard native Achillea ptarmica 107 standard native Achimenes grandiflora 1 frost sensitive alien Acinos alpinus 1 specific habitatalien Aconitum aff. napellus 77 Aconitum napellus e standard alien Aconitum plicatum r standard native Aconitum ×cammarum d standard alien Aconitum lycoctonum 1 standard native Acorus calamus 4 specific habitatalien Acorus gramineus 2 specific habitatalien Actaea racemosa 1 standard alien Actinidia arguta 12 standard alien Actinidia chinensis 7 standard alien Actinidia kolomikta 1 standard alien Adiantum pedatum 3 specific habitatalien Adonis annua 2 standard alien Adonis vernalis 20 standard native Aegopodium podagraria 1 standard native Aeonium sp. 3 Aeonium arboreum e frost sensitive alien Aesculus aff. hippocastanum 60 Aesculus hippocastanum d standard alien Aesculus pavia r standard alien Aesculus ×carnea e standard alien Aesculus parviflora 1 standard alien Aeschynanthus radicans 1 standard alien Aethionema grandiflorum 2 specific habitatalien Agapanthus sp. 15 Agapanthus africanus e specific habitatalien Agapanthus campanulatus e specific habitatalien Agapanthus praecox e specific habitatalien Agastache foeniculum 2 standard alien Agastache rugosa 1 standard alien Agave americana 86 frost sensitive alien Agave utahensis 1 frost sensitive alien Ageratum houstonianum 79 standard alien Agrimonia aff. eupatoria 50 Agrimonia eupatoria e standard native Agrimonia procera d standard native Agrostemma githago 2 standard alien Ailanthus altissima 8 standard alien Ajania pacifica 1 standard alien Ajuga reptans 107 standard native Akebia quinata 24 standard alien Albizia julibrissin 3 standard alien Alcea biennis 1 standard native Alcea rosea 101 standard alien Alchemilla sect. Alpinae 18 Alchemilla conjuncta e standard alien Alchemilla faeroensis r specific habitatalien Alchemilla saxatilis e specific habitatalien Alchemilla mollis 60 standard alien Alchemilla vulgaris 1 non-ornamentalnative Alisma plantago-aquatica 8 specific habitatnative Alkanna tuberculata 1 standard alien Allium subg. Melanocrommyum 20 Allium christophii e standard alien Allium giganteum e standard alien Allium hollandicum e standard alien Allium karataviense e standard alien Allium schubertii r standard alien Allium stipitatum e standard alien Allium carinatum 2 standard native Allium flavum 2 standard native Allium oleraceum 1 non-ornamentalnative Allium ramosum 2 standard alien Allium scorodoprasum 1 non-ornamentalnative Allium senescens 2 standard native Allium schoenoprasum 20 non-ornamentalnative Allium sphaerocephalon 7 standard native Alnus glutinosa 3 standard native Aloe arborescens et A. vera 10 Aloe arborescens d frost sensitive alien Aloe vera e frost sensitive alien Aloe ferox 1 frost sensitive alien Aloe variegata 1 frost sensitive alien Alstroemeria sp. 3 frost sensitive alien Althaea officinalis 10 standard native Alyssum montanum 8 specific habitatnative Alyssum saxatile 111 standard native Amaranthus caudatus 30 standard alien Amaranthus cruentus 27 standard alien Amaranthus hypochondriacus 6 standard alien Amaranthus tricolor 1 standard alien Amberboa moschata 1 standard alien Amelanchier sp. 21 Amelanchier alnifolia e standard alien Amelanchier canadensis e standard alien Amelanchier lamarckii e standard alien Amelanchier ovalis r standard alien Amelanchier spicata e standard alien Ammobium alatum 2 standard alien Amorpha fruticosa 6 standard alien Ampelopsis aconitifolia 1 standard alien Ampelopsis glandulosa 1 standard alien Anagallis arvensis 1 non-ornamentalalien Anagallis foemina 1 non-ornamentalalien Anaphalis margaritacea 74 standard alien Andromeda polifolia 13 standard native Androsace albana 1 specific habitatalien Androsace mucronifolia 1 specific habitatalien Androsace sarmentosa et A. sempervivoides 24 Androsace sarmentosa d standard alien Androsace sempervivoides e standard alien Anemone aff. hupehensis 69 Anemone hupehensis e standard alien Anemone tomentosa d standard alien Anemone multifida 1 standard alien Anemone sylvestris 64 standard native Anethum graveolens 39 non-ornamentalalien Angelonia salicariifolia 1 standard alien Antennaria dioica 40 standard native Anthemis marschalliana 8 standard alien Anthemis tinctoria 8 standard native Anthericum liliago 1 specific habitatnative Anthericum ramosum 3 standard native Anthurium andraeanum 1 frost sensitive alien Anthyllis vulneraria 1 standard native Antirrhinum majus 128 standard alien Aptenia cordifolia 12 frost sensitive alien Aquilegia sp. et hybr. 159 Aquilegia cf. aurea r standard alien Aquilegia cf. caerulea r standard alien Aquilegia chrysantha r standard alien Aquilegia cf. formosa r standard alien Aquilegia vulgaris e standard native Aquilegia ×cultorum d standard alien Aquilegia flabellata 5 standard alien Arabis aff. alpina 90 Arabis alpina r standard alien Arabis caucasica d standard alien Arabis ×arendsii e standard alien Arabis procurrens 45 standard alien Aralia elata 5 standard alien Arbutus unedo 1 frost sensitive alien Arctanthemum arcticum 33 standard alien Arctostaphyllos uva-ursi 1 specific habitatnative Arctotis ×hybrida 3 frost sensitive alien Arenaria alfacarensis 1 specific habitatalien Arenaria montana 5 specific habitatalien Argyranthemum frutescens 66 frost sensitive alien Angelica archangelica* 2 non-ornamentalalien Arisaema sp. 4 frost sensitive alien Aristolochia clematitis 1 non-ornamentalnative Aristolochia macrophylla 19 standard alien Armeria maritima 120 standard alien Armeria pseudarmeria 2 standard alien Armoracia rusticana 20 non-ornamentalalien Aronia arbutifolia, A. melanocarpa et A. prunifolia 61 Aronia arbutifolia r standard alien Aronia melanocarpa e standard alien Aronia prunifolia e standard alien Arrhenatherum elatius 9 standard alien Artemisia abrotanum 12 standard alien Artemisia absinthium 2 non-ornamentalalien Artemisia dracunculus 8 non-ornamentalalien Artemisia nitida et A. schmidtiana 35 Artemisia nitida e standard alien Artemisia schmidtiana e standard alien Artemisia pontica 13 standard native Artemisia tridentata 1 specific habitatalien Artemisia vulgaris 1 non-ornamentalnative Aruncus aethusifolius 4 standard alien Aruncus dioicus 122 standard native Arundo donax 5 specific habitatalien Asarina erubescens et A. scandens 3 Asarina erubescens e standard alien Asarina scandens e standard alien Asarina procumbens 1 standard alien Asarum europaeum 30 standard native Asclepias curassavica 1 frost sensitive alien Asclepias incarnata 1 standard alien Asclepias syriaca* 9 standard alien Asclepias tuberosa 3 standard alien Asparagus densiflorus 21 frost sensitive alien Asparagus falcatus 2 standard alien Asparagus officinalis 133 standard native Asparagus pseudoscaber 6 standard alien Asparagus tenuifolius 1 standard alien Asparagus verticillatus 8 standard alien Asperula cf. gussonii 1 specific habitatalien Asperula nitida 1 specific habitatalien Asperula arcadiensis 1 specific habitatalien Asphodeline lutea 8 standard alien Aspidistra elatior 4 frost sensitive alien Asplenium ruta-muraria 2 specific habitatnative Asplenium trichomanes 9 specific habitatnative Aster alpinus et A. tongolensis 95 Aster alpinus e standard native Aster tongolensis e standard alien Aster amellus 5 standard native Aster cordifolius 1 standard alien Aster dumosus 87 standard alien Aster ericoides 4 standard alien Aster aff. novi-belgii 128 Aster laevis e standard alien Aster lanceolatus* e standard alien Aster novi-belgii* d standard alien Aster linosyris 2 standard native Aster novae-angliae 107 standard alien Asteriscus maritimus 9 standard alien Astilbe sp. 139 Astilbe chinensis e standard alien Astilbe simplicifolia r standard alien Astilbe ×arendsii d standard alien Astragalus angustifolius 1 specific habitatalien Astrantia major 6 standard native Athyrium filix-femina 77 standard native Athyrium nipponicum 3 standard alien Atriplex hortensis 27 standard alien Aubrieta deltoidea 108 standard alien Aucuba japonica 15 standard alien Austrocylindropuntia subulata 1 specific habitatalien Avenella flexuosa 1 standard native Azorella trifurcata 1 standard alien Bambusoideae, dwarf small-leaved species 3 Pleioblastus chino e standard alien Pleioblastus sp. e standard alien Bambusoideae, large-leaved species 17 Indocalamus sp. e standard alien Pseudosasa sp. e standard alien Pseudosasa japonica e standard alien Sasa palmata e standard alien Sasa sp. e standard alien Sasa veitchii e standard alien Bambusoideae, tall small-leaved species 21 Fargesia murieliae e standard alien Fargesia rufa e standard alien Phyllostachys aurea e standard alien Phyllostachys aureosulcata e standard alien Phyllostachys sp. e standard alien Baptisia australis 2 standard alien Basella alba 1 frost sensitive alien Bassia scoparia* 45 standard alien Begonia aff. ×tuberhybrida 85 Begonia ×tuberhybrida d frost sensitive alien Begonia boliviensis e frost sensitive alien Begonia maculata 1 frost sensitive alien Begonia rex 3 frost sensitive alien Begonia ×semperflorens-cultorum 116 frost sensitive alien Bellis perennis 21 standard native Berberis, small-leaved evergreen shrubs 42 Berberis buxifolia e standard alien Berberis candidula e standard alien Berberis darwinii e standard alien Berberis verruculosa e standard alien Berberis cf. ×frikartii e standard alien Berberis ×stenophylla e standard alien Berberis julianae 28 standard alien Berberis thunbergii 152 standard alien Berberis vulgaris 28 standard native Bergenia cordifolia et crassifolia 161 Bergenia cordifolia d standard alien Bergenia crassifolia r standard alien Bergenia stracheyi 2 standard alien Beta vulgaris 1 non-ornamentalalien Betula papyrifera et utilis 8 Betula papyrifera e standard alien Betula utilis e standard alien Betula nana 6 standard native Betula pendula 73 standard native Bidens alba 1 standard alien Bidens ferulifolia 63 standard alien Bidens odorata 1 standard alien Billbergia nutans 1 frost sensitive alien Bistorta affinis 49 standard alien Bistorta officinalis 11 standard native Blechnum penna-marina 1 specific habitatalien Blechnum spicant 2 specific habitatnative Borago officinalis 20 standard alien Bougainvillea glabra 13 frost sensitive alien Bouteloua gracilis 1 standard alien Brachypodium pinnatum 2 non-ornamentalnative Brachypodium sylvaticum 2 non-ornamentalnative Brachyscome sp. 7 Brachyscome iberidifolia d standard alien Brachyscome cf. melanocarpa e standard alien Brassica oleracea 5 standard alien Briza maxima 3 standard alien Briza media 3 non-ornamentalnative Bromus lanceolatus 1 standard alien Brugmansia sp. 53 Brugmansia ×insignis e frost sensitive alien Brugmansia ×rubella d frost sensitive alien Brunnera macrophylla 17 standard alien Bryonia dioica 1 standard alien Buddleja alternifolia 8 standard alien Buddleja davidii et B. ×weyeriana 78 Buddleja davidii d standard alien Buddleja ×weyeriana r standard alien Buglossoides purpurocaerulea 4 standard native Bupleurum rotundifolium 3 non-ornamentalalien Buphthalmum salicifolium 2 standard native Butomus umbellatus 2 specific habitatnative Buxus sempervirens 164 standard alien Calamagrostis epigejos et C. ×acutiflora 15 Calamagrostis epigejos r non-ornamentalnative Calamagrostis ×acutiflora d standard native Calamintha grandiflora 2 standard alien Calendula officinalis 148 standard alien Calla palustris 3 specific habitatnative Callicarpa americana 1 standard alien Callicarpa bodinieri 4 standard alien Callistemon citrinus 2 frost sensitive alien Callistemon pityoides 1 frost sensitive alien Callistephus chinensis 109 standard alien Calluna vulgaris 144 standard native Caltha palustris 9 specific habitatnative Calycanthus floridus 6 standard alien Calystegia pulchra 8 standard alien Calystegia sepium 1 non-ornamentalnative Camassia cf. cusickii 2 standard alien Camellia japonica 1 frost sensitive alien Camellia sinensis 2 frost sensitive alien Campanula alliariifolia 2 standard alien Campanula carpatica et C. raineri 60 Campanula carpatica d standard alien Campanula raineri r standard alien Campanula cochleariifolia et C. rotundifolia 23 Campanula cochleariifolia d specific habitatalien Campanula rotundifolia e standard native Campanula garganica 14 specific habitatalien Campanula glomerata 73 standard native Campanula latifolia 7 standard native Campanula medium 10 standard alien Campanula patula 1 non-ornamentalnative Campanula persicifolia 116 standard native Campanula portenschlagiana 40 specific habitatalien Campanula poscharskyana 39 standard alien Campanula punctata 2 standard alien Campanula pyramidalis 1 specific habitatalien Campanula rapunculoides 34 non-ornamentalnative Campanula trachelium 9 standard native Campsis grandiflora, C. radicans et C. ×tagliabuana 83 Campsis grandiflora r standard alien Campsis radicans d standard alien Campsis ×tagliabuana e standard alien Canna indica 121 frost sensitive alien Cannabis sativa 9 standard alien Capsicum annuum 3 standard alien Capsicum frutescens 1 frost sensitive alien Caragana arborescens 47 standard alien Caragana frutex 1 standard alien Carex aff. siderosticta 10 Carex conica e standard alien Carex morrowii e standard alien Carex siderosticta e standard alien Carex comans et C. buchananii 9 Carex buchananii e standard alien Carex comans e standard alien Carex echinata 1 specific habitatnative Carex elata 4 specific habitatnative Carex grayi 31 standard alien Carex hirta 1 non-ornamentalnative Carex montana 1 standard native Carex muricata agg. 6 non-ornamentalnative Carex muskingumensis 26 standard alien Carex pendula 2 standard native Carex pseudocyperus 2 specific habitatnative Carex remota 1 specific habitatnative Carex rostrata 1 specific habitatnative Carex sylvatica 1 standard native Carex vulpina 1 specific habitatnative Carissa macrocarpa 1 frost sensitive alien Carpinus betulus 71 standard native Carthamus tinctorius 2 standard alien Caryopteris ×clandonensis 55 standard alien Cassiope tetragona 2 specific habitatalien Castanea sativa 17 standard alien Catalpa bignonioides 57 standard alien Catalpa ovata 1 standard alien Catananche caerulea 2 standard alien Ceanothus ×pallidus 2 standard alien Celastrus orbiculatus 8 standard alien Celosia argentea 29 standard alien Celtis australis 2 standard alien Centaurea bella 1 standard alien Centaurea cyanus 40 standard alien Centaurea dealbata 68 standard alien Centaurea macrocephala 25 standard alien Centaurea montana 118 standard native Centaurea triumfetti 3 standard native Centranthus ruber 23 standard alien Cephalanthus occidentalis 1 standard alien Cerastium arvense 9 non-ornamentalnative Cerastium tomentosum et C. tomentosum hybr. 159 Cerastium tomentosum d standard alien Cerastium tomentosum ×arvense e standard alien Ceratostigma plumbaginoides 4 standard alien Cercidiphyllum japonicum 11 standard alien Cercis canadensis et C. siliquastrum 9 Cercis canadensis e standard alien Cercis siliquastrum e standard alien Cerinthe minor 1 standard native Ceropegia woodii 1 frost sensitive alien Chaenomeles japonica, C. speciosa et C. ×superba 127 Chaenomeles japonica e standard alien Chaenomeles speciosa e standard alien Chaenomeles ×superba e standard alien Chaenorhinum origanifolium 2 specific habitatalien Chamaecytisus purpureus 1 standard alien Chamaedaphne calyculata 1 specific habitatalien Chamaemelum nobile 1 standard alien Chamaerops humilis 6 frost sensitive alien Chasmanthium latifolium 3 standard alien Chelone obliqua 3 standard alien Chenopodium bonus-henricus 1 non-ornamentalalien Chenopodium capitatum 2 non-ornamentalalien Chenopodium foliosum 2 non-ornamentalalien Chlorophytum comosum 23 frost sensitive alien Chrysanthemum ×grandiflorum 141 standard alien Cichorium intybus 1 non-ornamentalalien Cirsium vulgare 1 non-ornamentalnative Cissus rhombifolia 1 frost sensitive alien Citrus sp. 11 Citrus japonica e frost sensitive alien Citrus reticulata e frost sensitive alien Citrus ×aurantiifolia e frost sensitive alien Citrus ×aurantium e frost sensitive alien Citrus ×limon e frost sensitive alien Clarkia amoena 9 standard alien Clarkia unguiculata 2 standard alien Clematis aff. montana 27 Clematis alpina e standard alien Clematis montana d standard alien Clematis viticella e standard alien Clematis flammula 2 standard alien Clematis heracleifolia 1 standard alien Clematis integrifolia 8 standard native Clematis orientalis et C. tangutica 26 Clematis orientalis r standard alien Clematis tangutica d standard alien Clematis pitcheri 1 standard alien Clematis recta 3 standard native Clematis vitalba 13 standard native Clematis aff. ×jackmanii 136 Clematis lanuginosa hybr. e standard alien Clematis patens hybr. e standard alien Cleome hassleriana 6 standard alien Clethra alnifolia 3 standard alien Clinopodium vulgare 1 standard native Clivia miniata 15 frost sensitive alien Cobaea scandens 2 standard alien Cocos nucifera 1 frost sensitive alien Codonopsis clematidea 1 standard alien Coffea arabica 1 frost sensitive alien Colchicum sp. et hybr. 18 Colchicum autumnale e standard native Coleostephus multicaulis 2 standard alien Colutea arborescens 4 standard alien Commelina cf. dianthifolia 1 standard alien Commelina communis 42 standard alien Consolida ajacis 42 standard alien Consolida hispanica 4 standard alien Consolida regalis 4 standard alien Convallaria majalis 146 standard native Convolvulus sabatius 1 standard alien Convolvulus tricolor 2 standard alien Conyza canadensis* 2 non-ornamentalalien Coreopsis basalis 3 standard alien Coreopsis grandiflora et C. lanceolata 83 Coreopsis grandiflora e standard alien Coreopsis lanceolata e standard alien Coreopsis major 7 standard alien Coreopsis rosea 2 standard alien Coreopsis tinctoria 9 standard alien Coreopsis tripteris 1 standard alien Coreopsis verticillata 100 standard alien Coriandrum sativum 1 non-ornamentalalien Cornus aff. alba 126 Cornus alba d standard alien Cornus sericea e standard alien Cornus canadensis 2 standard alien Cornus controversa 1 standard alien Cornus florida 2 standard alien Cornus kousa 2 standard alien Cornus mas 18 standard native Cornus sanguinea 42 standard native Coronilla varia 2 standard native Cortaderia selloana 7 specific habitatalien Corydalis cf. aurea 1 standard alien Corylopsis spicata 2 standard alien Corylus avellana et C. maxima 101 Corylus avellana e standard native Corylus maxima e standard alien Corylus colurna 18 standard alien Cosmos atrosanguineus 1 standard alien Cosmos bipinnatus 82 standard alien Cosmos sulphureus 6 standard alien Cotinus coggygria 90 standard alien Cotoneaster sp. 150 Cotoneaster adpressus e standard alien Cotoneaster cf. bullatus r standard alien Cotoneaster dammeri e standard alien Cotoneaster dielsianus e standard alien Cotoneaster divaricatus e standard alien Cotoneaster horizontalis e standard alien Cotoneaster integerrimus r standard native Cotoneaster microphyllus e standard alien Cotoneaster multiflorus e standard alien Cotoneaster salicifolius e standard alien Cotoneaster ×suecicus r standard alien Cotula coronopifolia 1 specific habitatalien Cotula fallax 5 specific habitatalien Crassula arborescens 1 frost sensitive alien Crassula ovata 11 frost sensitive alien Crataegus aff. monogyna 28 Crataegus monogyna e standard native Crataegus ×media d standard native Crataegus cf. crus-galli 1 standard alien Crataegus ×lavallei 1 standard alien Crocidium multicaule 1 standard alien Crocosmia ×crocosmiiflora 36 frost sensitive alien Cucurbita pepo 6 standard alien Cuphea cyanea 1 frost sensitive alien Cuphea hyssopifolia 27 frost sensitive alien Cuphea ignea 11 frost sensitive alien Cuphea llavea 2 standard alien Curcuma alismatifolia 1 frost sensitive alien Cyclamen coum 1 standard alien Cyclamen persicum 7 frost sensitive alien Cyclamen purpurascens 4 standard native Cyclamen repandum 1 standard alien Cyclanthera pedata 5 standard alien Cydonia oblonga 5 standard alien Cymbalaria muralis 23 specific habitatalien Cymbalaria pallida 17 standard alien Cymbopogon citratus 1 frost sensitive alien Cynara cardunculus 2 standard alien Cyperus involucratus 1 frost sensitive alien Cyperus longus 1 specific habitatalien Cypripedium parviflorum 1 specific habitatalien Cyrtomium falcatum 1 specific habitatalien Cystopteris fragilis 6 specific habitatnative Chamaecytisus supinus 1 standard alien Cytisus nigricans 2 standard native Cytisus scoparius et C. ×praecox 83 Cytisus scoparius e standard alien Cytisus ×praecox d standard alien Cytisus procumbens 3 standard native Daboecia cantabrica 9 specific habitatalien Dactylorhiza majalis 1 specific habitatnative Dahlia ×hortensis 137 frost sensitive alien Daphne arbuscula 3 specific habitatalien Daphne cneorum 2 specific habitatnative Daphne mezereum 37 standard native Darmera peltata 1 standard alien Datura inoxia 11 standard alien Datura metel 4 standard alien Datura stramonium 8 standard alien Delosperma sp. 42 Delosperma aberdeenense e specific habitatalien Delosperma cooperi e specific habitatalien Delosperma nubigenum d specific habitatalien Delosperma spalmanthoides e specific habitatalien Delphinium fissum et D. grandiflorum 5 Delphinium fissum e standard alien Delphinium grandiflorum e standard alien Delphinium ×cultorum 90 standard alien Deschampsia cespitosa 19 standard native Deutzia longifolia 1 standard alien Deutzia aff. scabra 96 Deutzia gracilis e standard alien Deutzia scabra d standard alien Dianthus cf. microlepis 1 specific habitatalien Dianthus armeria 1 non-ornamentalnative Dianthus barbatus 101 standard alien Dianthus carthusianorum 4 standard native Dianthus caryophyllus 84 standard alien Dianthus deltoides 42 standard native Dianthus gratianopolitanus et D. plumarius 144 Dianthus gratianopolitanus e standard native Dianthus plumarius e standard alien Dianthus chinensis 83 standard alien Dianthus pungens 1 specific habitatalien Dianthus superbus 1 standard native Diascia barberae 12 standard alien Diascia vigilis 1 standard alien Dicentra eximia et D. formosa 73 Dicentra eximia e standard alien Dicentra formosa e standard alien Dicentra spectabilis 98 standard alien Dictamnus albus 14 standard native Diervilla lonicera et D. ×splendens 3 Diervilla lonicera e standard alien Diervilla ×splendens e standard alien Digitalis grandiflora 7 standard native Digitalis purpurea 85 standard alien Dichondra argentea 8 standard alien Dimorphotheca sinuata 3 standard alien Dipsacus fullonum 52 standard native Dipsacus laciniatus 3 standard native Dodecanteon sp. 3 standard alien Doronicum austriacum 6 standard native Doronicum columnae 12 standard alien Doronicum orientale 81 standard alien Doronicum pardalianches 1 standard alien Doronicum plantagineum 2 standard alien Dorotheanthus bellidiformis 12 standard alien Dorotheanthus clavatus 1 standard alien Draba aizoides 3 specific habitatalien Draba bruniifolia 1 specific habitatalien Dracaena sp. 15 frost sensitive alien Dracocephalum moldavica 1 standard alien Drosera rotundifolia 1 specific habitatnative Dryas octopetala 20 standard alien Dryopteris atrata 1 standard alien Dryopteris carthusiana 4 standard native Dryopteris dilatata 4 standard native Dryopteris filix-mas agg. 124 Dryopteris filix-mas d standard native Dryopteris affinis r standard native Duchesnea indica 17 standard alien Edraianthus graminifolius 1 specific habitatalien Echeveria elegans 2 frost sensitive alien Echinacea pallida 1 standard alien Echinacea purpurea 100 standard alien Echinocystis lobata* 36 standard alien Echinochloa crus-galli* 1 non-ornamentalalien Echinops banaticus et D. exaltatus 65 Echinops banaticus e standard alien Echinops exaltatus d standard alien Echinops sphaerocephalus* 9 standard alien Echium plantagineum 1 standard alien Echium vulgare 2 standard native Eichhornia crassipes 3 frost sensitive alien Elaeagnus angustifolia 31 standard alien Elaeagnus commutata 15 standard alien Elaeagnus multiflora 1 standard alien Eleocharis palustris 1 specific habitatnative Elodea canadensis 1 specific habitatalien Empetrum nigrum 1 specific habitatnative Enkianthus campanulatus 4 standard alien Epilobium angustifolium 2 non-ornamentalnative Epilobium adenocaulon 1 non-ornamentalalien Epilobium hirsutum 3 non-ornamentalnative Epimedium sp. 89 Epimedium alpinum r standard alien Epimedium grandiflorum r standard alien Epimedium hybr. d standard alien Epimedium pinnatum r standard alien Epiphyllum sp. 14 frost sensitive alien Epipremnum aureum 1 frost sensitive alien Equisetum hyemale 2 specific habitatnative Equisetum variegatum 2 specific habitatnative Erechtites hieraciifolius 1 non-ornamentalalien Eremurus robustus 5 specific habitatalien Eremurus stenophyllus 6 specific habitatalien Erica arborea 1 frost sensitive alien Erica carnea 125 standard native Erica cinerea 4 specific habitatalien Erica tetralix 3 specific habitatnative Erigeron annuus* 20 non-ornamentalalien Erigeron glabellus 1 standard alien Erigeron glaucus 3 standard alien Erigeron speciosus 60 standard alien Erinus alpinus 4 specific habitatalien Eriobotrya japonica 3 frost sensitive alien Eriogonum sp. 1 specific habitatalien Eriophorum vaginatum 1 specific habitatnative Eriophyllum lanatum 2 standard alien Erodium ×variabile 1 specific habitatalien Eryngium giganteum 3 standard alien Eryngium maritimum 1 standard alien Eryngium planum 18 standard native Erysimum cf. ×marshallii 5 standard alien Erysimum cheiri 31 standard alien Erysimum kotschyanum 3 specific habitatalien Eschscholzia californica 37 standard alien Eucalyptus coccifera 1 frost sensitive alien Eucalyptus globulus 1 frost sensitive alien Eucalyptus gunnii 2 frost sensitive alien Eucalyptus pauciflora 1 frost sensitive alien Eucomis autumnalis 3 frost sensitive alien Eucomis bicolor 1 frost sensitive alien Eucharis ×grandiflora 1 frost sensitive alien Euonymus alatus 7 standard alien Euonymus europaeus 26 standard native Euonymus fortunei et E. japonicus 157 Euonymus fortunei e standard alien Euonymus japonicus e standard alien Euonymus nanus 7 standard alien Eupatorium cannabinum 3 standard native Eupatorium purpureum 13 standard alien Euphorbia amygdaloides 5 standard native Euphorbia cyparissias 23 standard native Euphorbia epithymoides 64 standard native Euphorbia graminea 5 standard alien Euphorbia lathyris 54 standard alien Euphorbia leucocephala 1 frost sensitive alien Euphorbia marginata 55 standard alien Euphorbia milii 3 frost sensitive alien Euphorbia myrsinites 39 specific habitatalien Euphorbia nicaeensis 1 standard alien Euphorbia pulcherrima 4 frost sensitive alien Euphorbia resinifera 1 frost sensitive alien Euphorbia seguieriana 1 standard native Euryops sp. 3 frost sensitive alien Eustoma grandiflorum 1 standard alien Exacum affine 2 frost sensitive alien Exochorda sp. 3 standard alien Fagopyrum esculentum 1 non-ornamentalalien Fagus sylvatica 73 standard native Fallopia aubertii 40 standard alien Farfugium japonicum 1 standard alien Fatsia japonica 1 frost sensitive alien Felicia amelloides 4 frost sensitive alien Festuca amethystina 1 standard native Festuca gautieri 23 standard alien Festuca gigantea 1 standard native Festuca glauca 113 standard alien Festuca ovina 2 standard native Festuca rupicola 1 standard native Ficus benjamina 1 frost sensitive alien Ficus binnendijkii 1 frost sensitive alien Ficus carica 18 standard alien Ficus elastica 2 frost sensitive alien Ficus pumila 1 frost sensitive alien Filipendula cf. ×purpurea 1 standard alien Filipendula ulmaria 2 standard native Filipendula vulgaris 31 standard native Foeniculum vulgare 3 non-ornamentalalien Forsythia sp. 157 Forsythia ×intermedia d standard alien Forsythia suspensa e standard alien Fothergilla gardenii 1 standard alien Fragaria moschata 2 standard native Fragaria vesca 10 standard native Fragaria ×ananassa 10 standard alien Fragaria × Comarum hybr. 3 standard alien Frangula alnus 2 standard native Fraxinus americana 1 standard alien Fraxinus excelsior 51 standard native Fraxinus ornus 1 standard alien Fraxinus pennsylvanica* 2 standard alien Freesia sp. 2 frost sensitive alien Fuchsia sp. 110 Fuchsia fulgens e frost sensitive alien Fuchsia magellanica e standard alien Fuchsia triphylla e frost sensitive alien Fuchsia ×hybrida d frost sensitive alien Fumana procumbens 1 specific habitatnative Fumaria officinalis 1 non-ornamentalalien Gaillardia sp. et hybr. 62 Gaillardia aristata e standard alien Gaillardia ×grandiflora d standard alien Gaillardia pulchella e standard alien Galega officinalis 1 standard alien Galeobdolon argentatum 88 standard alien Galium odoratum 9 standard native Galtonia candicans 5 frost sensitive alien Gaultheria procumbens 7 standard alien Gaura lindheimeri et hybr. 20 Gaura lindheimeri e standard alien Gazania sp. 115 Gazania ×splendens d frost sensitive alien Gazania rigens e standard alien Gazania linearis e standard alien Genista lydia 18 standard alien Genista sagittalis 1 standard alien Genista tinctoria 1 standard native Gentiana acaulis et G. clusii 78 Gentiana acaulis r standard native Gentiana clusii d standard alien Gentiana asclepiadea 8 standard native Gentiana cruciata 6 standard native Gentiana aff. parryi 12 Gentiana parryi r standard alien Gentiana septemfida d standard alien Gentiana scabra r standard alien Gentiana sino-ornata 1 standard alien Gentiana sp. 4 standard alien Gentiana tibetica 2 standard alien Gentiana verna 1 specific habitatnative Geranium cinereum et G. subcaulescens 5 Geranium cinereum e standard alien Geranium subcaulescens e standard alien Geranium columbinum 1 non-ornamentalalien Geranium dalmaticum et G. ×cantabrigiense 27 Geranium dalmaticum d standard alien Geranium ×cantabrigiense e standard alien Geranium endressii 2 standard alien Geranium himalayense et G. pratense 13 Geranium himalayense d standard alien Geranium pratense e standard native Geranium ibericum, G. platypetalum et G. ×magnificum 16 Geranium ibericum e standard alien Geranium platypetalum e standard alien Geranium ×magnificum e standard alien Geranium macrorrhizum 82 standard alien Geranium nodosum 1 standard alien Geranium phaeum 1 standard native Geranium pyrenaicum 1 non-ornamentalalien Geranium renardii 3 standard alien Geranium sanguineum 90 standard native Geranium sylvaticum 1 standard native Geranium wallichianum 1 standard alien Gerbera sp. 7 frost sensitive alien Geum coccineum et G. ×cultorum 108 Geum coccineum d standard alien Geum ×cultorum e standard alien Geum rivale 1 standard native Geum urbanum 2 non-ornamentalnative Gladiolus callianthus 7 frost sensitive alien Gladiolus cardinalis 1 frost sensitive alien Gladiolus italicus 1 standard alien Gladiolus ×hortulanus 128 frost sensitive alien Glaucium flavum 1 standard alien Glebionis coronaria 3 standard alien Glebionis segetum 13 standard alien Gleditsia triacanthos 24 standard alien Glechoma hederacea 14 standard native Globularia cordifolia 2 specific habitatalien Globularia nudicaulis 5 specific habitatalien Gloriosa sp. 1 frost sensitive alien Glyceria maxima 1 specific habitatnative Gomphrena globosa 3 standard alien Goniolimon tataricum 7 standard alien Gunnera manicata 1 frost sensitive alien Gymnocarpium dryopteris 1 specific habitatnative Gymnocarpium robertianum 1 specific habitatnative Gymnocladus dioicus 1 standard alien Gypsophila cerastioides 1 standard alien Gypsophila elegans 7 standard alien Gypsophila muralis 3 standard native Gypsophila paniculata 83 standard native Gypsophila repens 5 standard alien Gypsophila scorzonerifolia 5 standard alien Haberlea rhodopensis 2 specific habitatalien Habranthus robustus 1 frost sensitive alien Hacquetia epipactis 2 standard native Haemanthus sp. 2 frost sensitive alien Hakonechloa macra 2 standard alien Halesia monticola 1 standard alien Halimodendron halodendron 1 standard alien Hamamelis sp. 16 Hamamelis ×intermedia e standard alien Hatiora ×graeseri 1 frost sensitive alien Hebe, large-leaved sp. et hybr. 26 Hebe elliptica e standard alien Hebe speciosa d standard alien Hebe, scale-leaved sp. et hybr. 15 Hebe cupressoides e standard alien Hebe lycopodioides e standard alien Hebe ochracea e standard alien Hebe, small-leaved sp. et hybr. 46 Hebe buchananii r standard alien Hebe buxifolia e standard alien Hebe pimeleoides e standard alien Hebe pinguifolia e standard alien Hedera helix 153 standard native Helenium autumnale hybr. 43 standard alien Helianthemum appeninum 1 standard alien Helianthemum aff. nummularium 60 Helianthemum croceum r standard alien Helianthemum hybr. d standard alien Helianthemum nummularium e standard alien Helianthus annuus 143 standard alien Helianthus debilis 2 standard alien Helianthus mollis 1 standard alien Helianthus tuberosus* 49 standard alien Helianthus ×laetiflorus 74 standard alien Helictotrichon sempervirens 45 standard alien Helichrysum arenarium 1 specific habitatnative Helichrysum bracteatum 18 standard alien Helichrysum italicum 5 specific habitatalien Helichrysum parvifolium 2 standard alien Helichrysum petiolare 33 standard alien Heliopsis helianthoides 83 standard alien Heliotropium arborescens 12 standard alien Helleborus foetidus 12 standard alien Helleborus aff. ×hybridus 126 Helleborus niger e standard alien Helleborus orientalis e standard alien Helleborus purpurascens r standard alien Helleborus viridis r standard alien Helleborus ×hybridus d standard alien Hemerocallis aff. lilioasphodelus 91 Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus d standard alien Hemerocallis citrina r standard alien Hemerocallis hybr. e standard alien Hemerocallis fulva 152 standard alien Hepatica nobilis 34 standard native Hepatica transsilvanica 7 standard alien Heracleum mantegazzianum* 1 standard alien Herniaria glabra 1 non-ornamentalnative Hesperis matronalis 28 standard alien Heuchera aff. americana 100 Heuchera americana e standard alien Heuchera micrantha e standard alien Heuchera ×brizoides d standard alien Heuchera ×Tiarella hybr. e standard alien Heuchera sanguinea 69 standard alien Heuchera cylindrica 9 standard alien Hibiscus moscheutos 14 frost sensitive alien Hibiscus rosa-sinensis 21 frost sensitive alien Hibiscus syriacus 140 standard alien Hibiscus trionum 1 standard alien Hieracium aurantiacum 65 standard native Hieracium glaucinum 1 standard native Hieracium pilosella 2 standard native Hieracium sabaudum 1 non-ornamentalnative Hieracium stoloniflorum 1 standard native Hieracium tomentosum 2 standard alien Hieracium villosum 2 standard native Hippeastrum sp. 2 frost sensitive alien Hippophaë rhamnoides 79 standard alien Hippuris vulgaris 14 specific habitatnative Holcus mollis 1 standard native Holodiscus discolor 1 standard alien Hordeum jubatum 4 standard alien Hosta sp. 167 Hosta ´Fortunei´ e standard alien Hosta ´Lancifolia´ e standard alien Hosta ´Undulata´ e standard alien Hosta hybr. d standard alien Hosta plantaginea e standard alien Hosta sieboldiana e standard alien Hosta sieboldii e standard alien Hosta ventricosa e standard alien Houttuynia cordata 18 standard alien Hoya carnosa 2 frost sensitive alien Humulus lupulus 31 standard native Huperzia selago 1 specific habitatnative Hydrangea arborescens 83 standard alien Hydrangea aspera 4 standard alien Hydrangea macrophylla 156 standard alien Hydrangea paniculata 37 standard alien Hydrangea petiolaris 39 standard alien Hydrangea quercifolia 1 standard alien Hydrangea serrata 4 standard alien Hylomecon japonicum 1 standard alien Hymenocallis sp. 1 frost sensitive alien Hypericum androsaemum 11 standard alien Hypericum calycinum, H. patulum et H. ×moserianum 51 Hypericum calycinum e standard alien Hypericum patulum e standard alien Hypericum ×moserianum e standard alien Hypericum cerastoides 1 specific habitatalien Hypericum kalmianum 5 standard alien Hypericum maculatum 1 standard native Hypericum olympicum 14 standard alien Hypericum perforatum 5 standard native Hypericum tetrapterum 1 standard native Hyssopus officinalis 14 standard alien Iberis saxatilis et I. sempervirens 104 Iberis saxatilis e standard alien Iberis sempervirens d standard alien Iberis umbellata 27 standard alien Ilex aquifolium et I. ×meservae 72 Ilex aquifolium e standard alien Ilex ×meservae e standard alien Ilex crenata 1 standard alien Ilex pedunculosa 1 standard alien Ilex pernyi 1 standard alien Impatiens balsamina 20 standard alien Impatiens glandulifera 8 standard alien Impatiens hawkeri 41 standard alien Impatiens walleriana 25 standard alien Imperata cylindrica 10 specific habitatalien Incarvillea delavayi 11 standard alien Indigofera sp. 2 Indigofera heterantha e standard alien Indigofera tinctoria e standard alien Inula britannica 1 standard native Inula ensifolia 27 standard native Inula helenium 13 standard alien Iochroma australe 1 frost sensitive alien Ipomoea batatas 2 frost sensitive alien Ipomoea indica 1 standard alien Ipomoea lobata 3 standard alien Ipomoea purpurea 75 standard alien Ipomoea tricolor 3 standard alien Iresine cf. lindenii 1 frost sensitive alien Iris ensata 2 specific habitatalien Iris graminea 33 standard native Iris pseudacorus et aff. spuria 47 Iris pseudacorus e specific habitatnative Iris orientalis e standard alien Iris pumila 10 standard native Iris sanguinea et I. sibirica 98 Iris sanguinea e standard alien Iris sibirica d standard native Iris germanica hybr. 161 standard alien Iris ×hollandica 4 specific habitatalien Ismelia carinata 5 standard alien Ixia hybr. 1 frost sensitive alien Ixora coccinea 1 frost sensitive alien Jasione montana 1 standard native Jasminum beesianum 1 frost sensitive alien Jasminum fruticans 4 standard alien Jasminum nudiflorum 25 standard alien Jasminum officinale 1 frost sensitive alien Jeffersonia dubia 1 standard alien Jovibarba globifera 43 specific habitatnative Jovibarba hirta 1 specific habitatnative Juncus bufonius 1 non-ornamentalnative Juncus conglomeratus 2 specific habitatnative Juncus effusus 9 specific habitatnative Juncus ensifolius 4 specific habitatalien Kalanchoe blossfeldiana 16 frost sensitive alien Kalanchoe sp. 6 Kalanchoe daigremontiana e frost sensitive alien Kalmia sp. 4 Kalmia latifolia e standard alien Kerria japonica 140 standard alien Knautia arvensis 2 non-ornamentalnative Kniphofia sp. 40 Kniphofia uvaria e standard alien Kniphofia hybr. d standard alien Koeleria glauca 15 standard native Koeleria pyramidata 1 standard native Koelreuteria paniculata 6 standard alien Kolkwitzia amabilis 38 standard alien Laburnum anagyroides et L. ×watereri 52 Laburnum anagyroides d standard alien Laburnum ×watereri e standard alien Lagenaria siceraria 1 non-ornamentalalien Lagurus ovatus 4 standard alien Lamium maculatum 9 standard native Lampranthus cf. roseus 5 frost sensitive alien Lantana camara 15 frost sensitive alien Lastrea limbosperma 1 specific habitatnative Lathyrus latifolius 55 standard native Lathyrus odoratus 27 standard alien Lathyrus sylvestris 1 standard native Lathyrus vernus 8 standard native Laurentia axillaris 6 standard alien Laurus nobilis 1 frost sensitive alien Lavandula angustifolia et L. ×intermedia 168 Lavandula angustifolia d standard alien Lavandula ×intermedia e standard alien Lavandula dentata et L. stoechas 22 Lavandula dentata e standard alien Lavandula stoechas d standard alien Lavatera thuringiaca 5 standard native Lavatera trimestris 32 standard alien Ledum groenlandicum 1 specific habitatalien Ledum palustre 1 specific habitatnative Lemna minor 1 specific habitatnative Leontopodium sp. 38 Leontopodium alpinum e standard alien Leonurus cardiaca 4 non-ornamentalalien Leptinella sp. 6 Leptinella dioica e standard alien Leptinella potentillina e standard alien Leucanthemopsis alpina 2 standard alien Leucanthemum maximum 139 standard alien Leucanthemum ircutianum et L. vulgare 29 Leucanthemum ircutianum d standard native Leucanthemum vulgare e standard native Leucophyta brownii 12 frost sensitive alien Leucothoe sp. 8 Leucothoe axillaris e standard alien Leucothoe fointanesiana e standard alien Leucothoe walteri e standard alien Levisticum officinale 25 non-ornamentalalien Lewisia sp. 37 Lewisia cotyledon d specific habitatalien Lewisia leana e specific habitatalien Leycesteria formosa 1 standard alien Leymus sp. 25 Leymus arenarius e standard alien Liatris spicata 120 standard alien Ligularia dentata 5 standard alien Ligularia przewalskii 10 standard alien Ligularia stenocephala 2 standard alien Ligustrum aff. ovalifolium 77 Ligustrum obtusifolium r standard alien Ligustrum ovalifolium d standard alien Ligustrum sinense r standard alien Ligustrum vulgare 145 standard native Lilium bulbiferum 58 standard native Lilium candidum 32 standard alien Lilium martagon 19 standard native Lilium sp. 125 Lilium lancifolium 5 e standard alien Lilium regale 5 e standard alien Lilium speciosum 5 e standard alien Lilium hybr. 120 d standard alien Limonium sp. 22 Limonium gmelinii e standard alien Limonium latifolium e standard alien Limonium vulgare e standard alien Limonium sinuatum 26 standard alien Linaria alpina 5 specific habitatalien Linaria bipartita hybr. 1 standard alien Linaria vulgaris 7 non-ornamentalalien Linum austriacum 11 standard native Linum flavum 1 standard native Linum grandiflorum 2 standard alien Linum perenne 12 standard native Linum usitatissimum 6 non-ornamentalalien Liquidambar orientalis 3 standard alien Liquidambar styraciflua 10 standard alien Liriodendron tulipifera 26 standard alien Liriope muscari 1 standard alien Lithodora diffusa 5 specific habitatalien Lithodora oleifolia 1 specific habitatalien Lobelia aff. cardinalis 6 Lobelia cardinalis e specific habitatalien Lobelia cf. fulgens e specific habitatalien Lobelia syphylitica e specific habitatalien Lobelia ×speciosa d specific habitatalien Lobelia erinus 140 standard alien Lobelia tupa 1 frost sensitive alien Lobularia maritima 56 standard alien Loiseleuria procumbens 1 specific habitatalien Lonicera tatarica et L. tatarica hybrids 35 Lonicera tatarica d standard alien Lonicera ×amoena e standard alien Lonicera ×bella e standard alien Lonicera caprifolium 60 standard alien Lonicera caerulea agg. 6 standard native Lonicera fragrantissima et L. ×purpusii 2 Lonicera fragrantissima e standard alien Lonicera ×purpusii e standard alien Lonicera henryi 32 standard alien Lonicera involucrata 7 standard alien Lonicera japonica et L. similis 57 Lonicera japonica d standard alien Lonicera similis r standard alien Lonicera maackii 2 standard alien Lonicera periclymenum 106 standard alien Lonicera nitida et L. pileata 85 Lonicera nitida e standard alien Lonicera pileata d standard alien Lonicera aff. sempervirens 26 Lonicera sempervirens r standard alien Lonicera ×brownii r standard alien Lonicera ×heckrotii d standard alien Lonicera ×tellmaniana e standard alien Lonicera xylosteum 2 standard native Lotus berthelotii 7 frost sensitive alien Lunaria annua 40 standard alien Lupinus polyphyllus et L. polyphyllus hybr. 109 Lupinus polyphyllus* e standard alien Lupinus ×regalis d standard alien Luzula campestris 1 standard native Luzula luzuloides 1 standard native Luzula nivea 4 standard alien Luzula sylvatica 6 standard native Lycianthes rantonnei 23 frost sensitive alien Lycium barbarum* 22 standard alien Lycium chinense 2 non-ornamentalalien Lycopsis arvensis 1 non-ornamentalalien Lysichiton americanus 1 specific habitatalien Lysimachia ciliata 5 standard alien Lysimachia clethroides 3 standard alien Lysimachia congestiflora 1 standard alien Lysimachia nummularia 66 standard native Lysimachia punctata 152 standard alien Lysimachia vulgaris 5 standard native Lythrum salicaria 25 standard native Macleaya cordata et M. microcarpa 6 Macleaya cordata e standard alien Macleaya microcarpa e standard alien Maclura pomifera 1 standard alien Magnolia aff. ×soulangiana 97 Magnolia liliiflora e standard alien Magnolia cf. ×soulangiana d standard alien Magnolia grandiflora 3 standard alien Magnolia kobus 6 standard alien Magnolia stellata 22 standard alien Magnolia tripetala 3 standard alien Mahonia aquifolium 159 standard alien Mahonia bealei 1 standard alien Maianthemum bifolium 2 standard native Maihuenia poeppigii 1 frost sensitive alien Majorana hortensis 10 standard alien Malope trifida 4 standard alien Malus sp. 22 Malus baccata e standard alien Malus floribunda e standard alien Malus prunifolia e standard alien Malus ×purpurea d standard alien Malva alcea 4 standard native Malva moschata 40 standard native Malva sylvestris 26 standard native Mandevilla sp. 18 frost sensitive alien Marrubium vulgare 2 standard alien Matricaria recutita 2 standard alien Matteuccia struthiopteris 102 standard alien Matthiola incana 3 standard alien Matthiola longipetala 2 standard alien Mauranthemum paludosum 8 standard alien Meconopsis cambrica 7 standard alien Medicago sativa 1 non-ornamentalalien Medinilla magnifica 1 frost sensitive alien Melica altissima 2 standard alien Melica ciliata 2 standard native Melica nutans 1 non-ornamentalnative Melissa officinalis 86 standard alien Mentha aquatica 1 specific habitatnative Mentha cervina 1 standard alien Mentha longifolia 3 standard native Mentha spicata 7 standard alien Mentha ×piperita 62 standard alien Mentha ×verticillata 3 standard native Mentha suaveolens et M. ×villosa 27 Mentha suaveolens r standard alien Mentha ×villosa d standard alien Menyanthes trifoliata 8 specific habitatnative Mercurialis perennis 1 standard native Mesembryanthemum crystallinum 1 standard alien Mespilus germanica 1 standard alien Meum athamanticum 6 standard native Microrrhinum minus 2 non-ornamentalalien Mimosa sp. 1 frost sensitive alien Mimulus aurantiacus 2 standard alien Mimulus cupreus, M. guttatus et M. ×hybridus 14 Mimulus cupreus r standard alien Mimulus guttatus e standard alien Mimulus ×hybridus d standard alien Minuartia sp. 1 specific habitat Mirabilis jalapa 49 standard alien Miscanthus floridulus et M. ×giganteus 88 Miscanthus floridulus e standard alien Miscanthus ×giganteus d standard alien Miscanthus sacchariflorus et M. sinensis 130 Miscanthus sacchariflorus r standard alien Miscanthus sinensis d standard alien Moehringia muscosa 1 specific habitatnative Molinia caerulea agg. 22 standard native Monarda sp. et hybr. 35 Monarda didyma d standard alien Monarda fistulosa r standard alien Monstera deliciosa 1 frost sensitive alien Morus alba 17 standard alien Morus nigra 6 standard alien Muehlenbeckia axillaris 1 frost sensitive alien Musa basjoo 5 frost sensitive alien Myosotis sylvatica 55 standard native Myrrhis odorata 1 standard alien Myrtus communis 4 frost sensitive alien Neillia affinis 1 standard alien Nemesia fruticans 1 standard alien Nemesia sp. et hybr. 11 Nemesia strumosa r standard alien Nemesia hybr. d standard alien Nemophila maculata 1 standard alien Nepeta cataria 6 standard alien Nepeta grandiflora 2 standard alien Nepeta racemosa et M. ×faassenii 33 Nepeta racemosa e standard alien Nepeta ×faassenii d standard alien Nephrolepis exaltata 2 frost sensitive alien Nerium oleander 102 frost sensitive alien Nicandra physalodes 3 standard alien Nicotiana alata et M. ×sanderae 22 Nicotiana alata e standard alien Nicotiana ×sanderae e standard alien Nicotiana rustica 2 standard alien Nicotiana tabacum 1 standard alien Nigella damascena 49 standard alien Nigella sativa 1 standard alien Nomocharis aperta 1 standard alien Nymphaea sp. 60 Nymphaea alba e specific habitatnative Ocimum basilicum 18 standard alien Oenothera acaulis 12 standard alien Oenothera biennis agg. 74 Oenothera biennis r standard alien Oenothera glazioviana d standard alien Oenothera fruticosa 10 standard alien Oenothera missouriensis 37 standard alien Oenothera perennis 1 standard alien Oenothera speciosa 1 standard alien Olea europaea 2 frost sensitive alien Omphalodes cappadocica et O. verna 40 Omphalodes cappadocica r standard alien Omphalodes verna d standard alien Onoclea sensibilis 3 standard alien Onopordum acanthium 5 standard alien Ophiopogon japonicus 4 standard alien Ophrys sp. 1 specific habitat Opuntia imbricata 1 specific habitatalien Opuntia sp. 34 Opuntia cf. ficus-indica e frost sensitive alien Opuntia microdasys e frost sensitive alien Opuntia phaeacantha d specific habitatalien Opuntia polyacantha e specific habitatalien Origanum cf. dictamnus 1 standard alien Origanum onites 1 standard alien Origanum vulgare 119 standard native Ornithogalum caudatum 1 frost sensitive alien Ornithogalum dubium 1 frost sensitive alien Orostachys spinosus 2 specific habitatalien Osmanthus heterophyllus 6 standard alien Osteospermum sp. 57 Osteospermum barberiae e frost sensitive alien Osteospermum ecklonis e frost sensitive alien Osteospermum jucundum e frost sensitive alien Oxalis acetosella 6 standard native Oxalis adenophylla 4 frost sensitive alien Oxalis corniculata* 3 non-ornamentalalien Oxalis debilis 2 frost sensitive alien Oxalis depressa 1 specific habitatalien Oxalis stricta 1 non-ornamentalalien Oxalis tetraphylla 40 frost sensitive alien Oxalis triangularis 22 frost sensitive alien Oxybaphus nyctagineus 1 standard alien Paeonia delavayi 1 standard alien Paeonia lactiflora et P. officinalis et hybr. 164 Paeonia lactiflora d standard alien Paeonia officinalis r standard alien Paeonia suffruticosa 64 standard alien Paeonia tenuifolia 25 standard alien Pachysandra terminalis 27 standard alien Panicum capillare 2 standard alien Panicum miliaceum 2 standard alien Panicum virgatum 21 standard alien Papaver aff. orientale 74 Papaver bracteatum r standard alien Papaver orientale e standard alien Papaver pseudo-orientale d standard alien Papaver atlanticum 1 standard alien Papaver croceum 11 standard alien Papaver rhoeas 9 standard alien Papaver somniferum 55 standard alien Parnassia palustris 3 standard native Paronychia sp. 5 Paronychia argentea e specific habitatalien Paronychia kapela e specific habitatalien Parthenocissus inserta et P. quinquefolia 156 Parthenocissus inserta* d standard alien Parthenocissus quinquefolia e standard alien Parthenocissus tricuspidata 106 standard alien Passiflora caerulea 1 frost sensitive alien Passiflora cf. edulis 1 frost sensitive alien Paulownia tomentosa 8 standard alien Paxistima canbyi 2 standard alien Pelargonium grandiflorum 30 frost sensitive alien Pelargonium sect. Pelargonium 13 Pelargonium ´Graveolens´ d frost sensitive alien Pelargonium crispum r frost sensitive alien Pelargonium peltatum hybr. 153 frost sensitive alien Pelargonium zonale hybr. 152 frost sensitive alien Pennisetum alopecuroides 54 standard alien Penstemon sp. et P. hybr. 32 Penstemon barbatus e standard alien Penstemon hartwegi e standard alien Penstemon hybr. e standard alien Penstemon menziesii e standard alien Penstemon pinifolius e standard alien Penstemon scouleri e standard alien Pentas lanceolata 2 standard alien Pericallis hybrida 1 frost sensitive alien Perilla frutescens 1 standard alien Perovskia abrotanoides et P. atriplicifolia 28 Perovskia abrotanoides r standard alien Perovskia atriplicifolia r standard alien Perovskia hybr. d standard alien Persicaria capitata 2 standard alien Petasites albus 1 standard native Petrorhagia saxifraga 2 specific habitatnative Petunia ×hybrida et Calibrachoa hybr. 159 Petunia ×hybrida d standard alien Petunia ×Calibrachoa hybr. e standard alien Peucedanum ostruthium 1 non-ornamentalalien Phacelia tanacetifolia 5 standard alien Phalaenopsis sp. 1 frost sensitive alien Phalaris arundinacea 142 standard native Phalaris canariensis 2 standard alien Phaseolus coccineus 62 standard alien Phaseolus vulgaris 1 non-ornamentalalien Phegopteris connectilis 1 specific habitatnative Philadelphus coronarius et P. ×lemoinei 140 Philadelphus coronarius d standard alien Philadelphus ×lemoinei e standard alien Phlomis fruticosa 1 standard alien Phlomis russeliana 1 standard alien Phlomis tuberosa 3 standard native Phlox douglasii et P. subulata 156 Phlox douglasii e standard alien Phlox subulata d standard alien Phlox drummondii 8 standard alien Phlox paniculata 161 standard alien Phoenix sp. 17 Phoenix canariensis d frost sensitive alien Phoenix dactylifera e frost sensitive alien Photinia ×fraseri 2 standard alien Phragmites australis 3 specific habitatnative Phuopsis stylosa 2 standard alien Phygelius sp. 3 Phygelius aequalis e frost sensitive alien Phygelius capensis e frost sensitive alien Phyla scaberrima 1 frost sensitive alien Phyllitis scolopendrium 8 specific habitatnative Physalis alkekengi 116 standard alien Physalis peruviana 4 standard alien Physocarpus opulifolius 103 standard alien Physostegia virginiana 67 standard alien Phyteuma nigrum 1 standard native Phytolacca acinosa 42 standard alien Pieris japonica 41 standard alien Pilea microphylla 28 frost sensitive alien Pinguicula balcanica 1 specific habitatalien Platanthera chlorantha 2 specific habitatnative Platanus occidentalis et P. ×acerifolia 16 Platanus occidentalis e standard alien Platanus ×acerifolia e standard alien Platycodon grandiflorus 87 standard alien Plectranthus argentatus 1 frost sensitive alien Plectranthus ciliatus et P. purpuratus 13 Plectranthus ciliatus e frost sensitive alien Plectranthus purpuratus e frost sensitive alien Plectranthus forsteri 84 frost sensitive alien Pleione bulbocodioides 1 specific habitatalien Plumbago auriculata 9 standard alien Podophyllum peltatum 1 standard alien Podranea ricassoliniana 1 frost sensitive alien Polemonium caeruleum 40 standard native Polygonatum hirtum 4 standard alien Polygonatum multiflorum et P. ×hybridum 84 Polygonatum multiflorum e standard native Polygonatum ×hybridum d standard native Polygonatum odoratum 13 standard native Polypodium vulgare 8 specific habitatnative Polystichum aculeatum 1 standard native Polystichum munitum 1 standard native Polystichum setiferum 6 standard alien Poncirus trifoliata 4 standard alien Pontederia cordata 4 specific habitatalien Populus alba 1 standard native Populus balsamifera 3 standard alien Populus maximoviczii hybr. 2 standard alien Populus nigra 3 standard native Populus simonii 2 standard alien Populus tremula 2 standard native Populus ×canadensis* 7 standard alien Portulaca grandiflora et hybr. 43 Portulaca grandiflora d standard alien Portulaca oleracea hybr. e standard alien Portulaca umbraticola 2 standard alien Potentilla alba 1 standard native Potentilla argentea 3 non-ornamentalnative Potentilla atrosanguinea 27 standard alien Potentilla aurea 6 specific habitatnative Potentilla cinerea 1 specific habitatnative Potentilla crantzii 5 specific habitatnative Potentilla cuneata 1 specific habitatalien Potentilla fruticosa 154 standard alien Potentilla megalantha 1 standard alien Potentilla nepalensis 3 standard alien Potentilla neumanniana 3 standard native Potentilla recta 3 standard native Pratia pedunculata 1 specific habitatalien Primula acaulis et P. ×juliae 114 Primula vulgaris d standard alien Primula ×juliae e standard alien Primula auricula, P. ×pubescens et P. marginata 65 Primula auricula e standard native Primula ×pubescens d standard alien Primula marginata r standard alien Primula denticulata 31 standard alien Primula elatior 11 standard native Primula japonica 4 standard alien Primula sieboldii 4 standard alien Primula veris 24 standard native Primula vialii 7 standard alien Pritzelago alpina 5 specific habitatalien Prostanthera sp. 1 frost sensitive alien Prunella grandiflora 8 standard native Prunella laciniata 2 standard native Prunus avium 4 standard native Prunus cerasifera et P. ×cistena 71 Prunus cerasifera* d standard alien Prunus ×cistena e standard alien Prunus fruticosa 11 standard native Prunus insititia 3 standard alien Prunus laurocerasus 121 standard alien Prunus lusitanica 1 standard alien Prunus mahaleb 9 standard native Prunus padus 12 standard native Prunus persica et P. ×persicoides 6 Prunus persica e standard alien Prunus ×persicoides r standard alien Prunus serotina* 9 standard alien Prunus aff. serrulata 56 Prunus incisa e standard alien Prunus serrulata d standard alien Prunus subhirtella e standard alien Prunus ×yedoensis e standard alien Prunus tenella 89 standard native Prunus triloba 14 standard alien Pseudofumaria lutea 35 specific habitatalien Pseudolysimachion dauricum 1 standard alien Pseudolysimachion incanum 37 standard alien Pseudolysimachion longifolium 28 standard native Pseudolysimachion spicatum 28 standard native Ptelea trifoliata 2 standard alien Pteridium aquilinum 1 standard native Pterostyrax hispida 1 standard alien Ptilotus exaltatus 2 standard alien Pulmonaria officinalis agg. et P. rubra et P. saccharata 112 Pulmonaria officinalis agg. d standard Pulmonaria rubra r standard alien Pulmonaria saccharata e standard alien Pulsatilla grandis et P. vulgaris 110 Pulsatilla grandis e standard native Pulsatilla vulgaris d standard alien Pulsatilla patens 2 standard native Pulsatilla pratensis 2 standard native Punica granatum 1 frost sensitive alien Pyracantha coccinea 90 standard alien Pyrus calleryana 1 standard alien Pyrus salicifolia 2 standard alien Quercus palustris 3 standard alien Quercus petraea 3 standard native Quercus pubescens 1 standard native Quercus robur 24 standard native Quercus rubra* 27 standard alien Ramonda sp. 5 Ramonda myconi e specific habitatalien Ranunculus lingua 2 specific habitatnative Ranunculus platanifolius 1 standard native Ranunculus repens 2 standard native Reseda odorata 1 standard alien Reynoutria japonica et R. ×bohemica 46 Reynoutria japonica* e standard alien Reynoutria ×bohemica* e standard alien Reynoutria sachalinensis* 5 standard alien Rhaponticum carthamoides 3 standard alien Rheum palmatum 6 standard alien Rheum rhabarbarum 22 non-ornamentalalien Rhipsalis sp. 1 frost sensitive alien Rhodanthe chlorocephala 6 standard alien Rhodiola pachyclados 8 specific habitatalien Rhodiola rosea 6 specific habitatnative Rhodiola saxifragoides 1 specific habitatalien Rhododendron sp. 150 standard alien Rhodotypos scandens 2 standard alien Rhus typhina 139 standard alien Ribes alpinum 50 standard native Ribes nigrum 3 non-ornamentalnative Ribes aureum et R. odoratum 31 Ribes aureum e standard alien Ribes cf. odoratum e standard alien Ribes rubrum 3 non-ornamentalalien Ribes sanguineum 16 standard alien Ribes uva-crispa 2 non-ornamentalnative Ricinus communis 19 standard alien Robinia hispida et R. viscosa 4 Robinia hispida e standard alien Robinia viscosa e standard alien Robinia pseudoacacia* 48 standard alien Rodgersia aesculifolia 2 standard alien Rodgersia podophylla 1 standard alien Rodgersia sambucifolia 2 standard alien Rosa sect. Caninae 35 Rosa agrestis r standard native Rosa canina d standard native Rosa elliptica r standard native Rosa alba 1 standard alien Rosa ×centifolia et R.damascena 42 Rosa ×centifolia e standard alien Rosa damascena e standard alien Rosa gallica 2 standard native Rosa glauca 8 standard alien Rosa hugonis, R. foetida et R. xanthina 8 Rosa hugonis e standard alien Rosa foetida e standard alien Rosa xanthina e standard alien Rosa aff. chinensis hybr. 153 Rosa chinensis hybr. d standard alien Rosa multiflora hybr. d standard alien Rosa ×odorata e standard alien Rosa multiflora e standard alien Rosa majalis 1 standard native Rosa sericea 2 standard alien Rosa spinosissima 5 standard native Rosa rugosa 117 standard alien Rosmarinus officinalis 14 frost sensitive alien Rubus armeniacus 2 standard alien Rubus fruticosus agg. 3 non-ornamental Rubus laciniatus 5 standard alien Rubus occidentalis 1 standard alien Rubus odoratus 7 standard alien Rubus phoenicolasius 2 standard alien Rubus ×idaeoides 2 non-ornamentalnative Rudbeckia fulgida 73 standard alien Rudbeckia hirta 131 standard alien Rudbeckia laciniata* 101 standard alien Rudbeckia nitida 1 standard alien Rudbeckia occidentalis 1 standard alien Rudbeckia subtomentosa 1 standard alien Ruellia simplex 1 frost sensitive alien Rumex sanguineus 1 standard native Ruscus aculeatus 3 frost sensitive alien Ruscus hypoglossum 1 standard alien Russelia equisetiformis 1 frost sensitive alien Ruta graveolens 11 standard alien Sagina subulata 16 standard native Sagittaria latifolia 4 specific habitatalien Sagittaria sagittifolia 3 specific habitatnative Salix cf. phylicifolia 1 standard alien Salix alba 2 standard native Salix alba ´Tristis´ et S. chrysocoma 52 Salix alba ´Tristis´ e standard alien Salix chrysocoma e standard alien Salix caprea 77 standard native Salix cinerea 1 standard native Salix daphnoides 1 standard native Salix eleagnos 4 standard native Salix fragilis 17 standard native Salix hastata 1 standard native Salix helvetica 5 standard alien Salix integra 130 standard alien Salix koryianagi 4 standard alien Salix lanata 1 standard alien Salix matsudana ´Tortuosa´ et S. ×sepulcralis ´Erythroflexuosa´ 141 Salix matsudana ´Tortuosa´ d standard alien Salix ×sepulcralis ´Erythroflexuosa´ e standard alien Salix purpurea 12 standard native Salix repens agg. 7 Salix arenaria r standard alien Salix repens e standard native Salix rosmarinifolia e standard native Salix triandra 1 standard native Salix viminalis et S. ×smithiana 15 Salix viminalis e standard native Salix ×smithiana d standard native Salix cf. arbuscula 3 standard alien Salvia argentea 1 standard alien Salvia coccinea 1 standard alien Salvia divinorum 1 frost sensitive alien Salvia farinacea 5 standard alien Salvia glutinosa 2 standard native Salvia nemorosa 29 standard native Salvia officinalis 92 standard alien Salvia patens 1 standard alien Salvia pratensis 1 standard native Salvia sclarea 1 standard alien Salvia splendens 72 frost sensitive alien Salvia verticillata 1 standard native Salvia viridis 4 standard alien Sambucus nigra 24 standard native Sambucus racemosa 3 standard native Sanguinaria canadensis 2 standard alien Sanguisorba minor 2 non-ornamentalnative Sanguisorba obtusa 1 standard alien Sanguisorba officinalis 7 standard native Sanicula europaea 1 standard native Sansevieria trifasciata 1 frost sensitive alien Santolina chamaecyparissus 23 standard alien Sanvitalia procumbens 76 standard alien Saponaria ocymoides 23 standard alien Saponaria officinalis 66 standard alien Saponaria ×olivana 1 standard alien Sarracenia sp. et hybr. 3 Sarracenia minor e specific habitatalien Sarracenia purpurea e specific habitatalien Satureja hortensis 15 standard alien Satureja montana 14 standard alien Saxifraga sect. Dactyloides 110 Saxifraga hypnoides e specific habitatalien Saxifraga moschata e specific habitatalien Saxifraga rosacea e standard native Saxifraga ×arendsii d standard alien Saxifraga sect. Euaizoonia 95 Saxifraga cotyledon r specific habitatalien Saxifraga crustata e specific habitatalien Saxifraga hostii d specific habitatalien Saxifraga paniculata d specific habitatnative Saxifraga ×gaudinii e specific habitatalien Saxifraga sect. Porphyrion 5 Saxifraga oppositifolia e specific habitatnative Saxifraga cf. retusa e specific habitatalien Saxifraga sect. Robertsoniana 81 Saxifraga cuneifolia e standard alien Saxifraga umbrosa e standard alien Saxifraga ×geum e standard alien Saxifraga ×urbium e standard alien Saxifraga aizoides 2 specific habitatalien Saxifraga bronchialis 1 specific habitatalien Saxifraga cymbalaria 5 specific habitatalien Saxifraga tridactylites 1 non-ornamentalnative Scabiosa atropurpurea 5 standard alien Scabiosa caucasica 8 standard alien Scabiosa columbaria 3 standard native Scabiosa stellata 1 standard alien Scaevola aemula 37 standard alien Schisandra chinensis 4 standard alien Schlumbergera sp. 6 Schlumbergera truncata e frost sensitive alien Schlumbergera ×buckleyi e frost sensitive alien Schoenoplectus lacustris 5 specific habitatnative Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani 1 specific habitatnative Scirpus sylvaticus 3 specific habitatnative Scrophularia nodosa 1 non-ornamentalnative Scutellaria altissima 2 standard alien Scutellaria orientalis 1 standard alien Sedum acre 46 specific habitatnative Sedum cf. lineare 1 specific habitatalien Sedum aizoon 15 standard alien Sedum album et S. micranthum 128 Sedum album d specific habitatnative Sedum micranthum e specific habitatalien Sedum anacampseros 42 specific habitatalien Sedum, tiny pink flowered species 18 Sedum anglicum e specific habitatalien Sedum bithynicum e specific habitatalien Sedum dasyphyllum e specific habitatalien Sedum lydium e specific habitatalien Sedum aff. ewersii 59 Sedum cyaneum r specific habitatalien Sedum ewersii e specific habitatalien Sedum pluricaule e specific habitatalien Sedum forsterianum 14 specific habitatalien Sedum hispanicum 71 specific habitatalien Sedum hybridum et S. selskianum 110 Sedum hybridum d standard alien Sedum cf. selskianum r standard alien Sedum kamtschaticum et S. middendorfianum 115 Sedum kamtschaticum e standard alien Sedum middendorfianum e standard alien Sedum palmeri 3 frost sensitive alien Sedum pulchellum 1 standard alien Sedum ochroleucum, S. reflexum et S. rupestre 123 Sedum ochroleucum e specific habitatalien Sedum reflexum e specific habitatnative Sedum rupestre d specific habitatalien Sedum sarmentosum 16 specific habitatalien Sedum sediforme 1 specific habitatalien Sedum sexangulare 87 specific habitatnative Sedum sieboldii 16 standard alien Sedum spathulifolium 15 specific habitatalien Sedum spectabile 144 standard alien Sedum spurium et S. stoloniferum 143 Sedum spurium d standard alien Sedum stoloniferum e standard alien Sedum telephium agg. 48 Sedum caucasicum r standard alien Sedum jullianum e standard native Sedum maximum d standard native Sempervivum arachnoideum 52 specific habitatalien Sempervivum sp. et hybr. 66 Sempervivum calcareum e specific habitatalien Sempervivum grandiflorum e specific habitatalien Sempervivum montanum e specific habitatalien Sempervivum tectorum 125 specific habitatalien Senecio cineraria 83 frost sensitive alien Senecio ovatus 1 non-ornamentalnative Senna corymbosa 1 frost sensitive alien Sesleria sp. 6 Sesleria nitida e standard alien Setaria viridis 1 non-ornamentalalien Sibbaldia procumbens 1 specific habitatalien Sibiraea laevigata 1 standard alien Sidalcea malviflora 4 standard alien Silene acaulis 3 specific habitatalien Silene armeria 14 standard alien Silene banksia 2 standard alien Silene coronaria 115 standard alien Silene dichotoma 1 standard alien Silene dioica 3 standard native Silene flos-cuculi 1 standard native Silene chalcedonica 74 standard alien Silene pendula 1 standard alien Silene pusilla 1 specific habitatalien Silene schafta 3 standard alien Silene uniflora 6 standard alien Silene viscaria 29 standard native Silene zawadzkii 1 specific habitatalien Silybum marianum 7 standard alien Sisymbrium strictissimum 1 standard alien Sisyrinchium sp. 26 standard alien Skimmia japonica 9 standard alien Solanum dulcamara 1 non-ornamentalnative Solanum laxum 28 frost sensitive alien Solanum muricatum 1 frost sensitive alien Soldanella sp. 1 specific habitat Solenostemon scutellarioides 24 frost sensitive alien Solidago canadensis* 132 standard alien Solidago gigantea* 41 standard alien Sonchus asper 1 non-ornamentalalien Sophora japonica 11 standard alien Sorbaria sorbifolia 18 standard alien Sorbus aria agg. 5 standard Sorbus aucuparia 40 standard native Sorbus domestica 2 standard alien Sorbus aff. hybrida 3 Sorbus hybrida e standard alien Sorbus ×thuringiaca e standard native Sorbus intermedia 4 standard native Sorbus koehneana 2 standard alien Sorghum bicolor 1 standard alien Sparaxis tricolor 1 frost sensitive alien Sparganium erectum 1 specific habitatnative Spartina pectinata 25 standard alien Spathiphyllum sp. 1 frost sensitive alien Spiraea sect. Spiraea 96 Spiraea alba r standard alien Spiraea douglasii e standard alien Spiraea salicifolia e standard native Spiraea betulifolia 6 standard alien Spiraea henryi 1 standard alien Spiraea chamaedryfolia 9 standard alien Spiraea japonica 151 standard alien Spiraea nipponica 23 standard alien Spiraea aff. ×cinerea 89 Spiraea ´Arguta´ e standard alien Spiraea thunbergii r standard alien Spiraea ×cinerea e standard alien Spiraea ×vanhouttei 115 standard alien Stachys alopecuros 1 standard alien Stachys byzantina 139 standard alien Stachys germanica 3 standard native Stachys macrantha 61 standard alien Stachys monieri et S. officinalis 7 Stachys monieri e standard alien Stachys officinalis e standard native Stachys palustris 4 non-ornamentalnative Staphylea pinnata 8 standard native Stellaria holostea 3 standard native Stephanandra incisa 40 standard alien Stephanotis floribunda 1 frost sensitive alien Stipa tenuissima 10 standard alien Stratiotes aloides 3 specific habitatnative Strelitzia reginae 1 frost sensitive alien Streptocarpus saxorum 3 frost sensitive alien Sutera cordata 79 standard alien Silphium perfoliatum 1 standard alien Symphoricarpos albus* 133 standard alien Symphoricarpos orbiculatus 31 standard alien Symphoricarpos ×doorenbosii 1 standard alien Symphytum officinale 23 standard native Syringa meyeri et S. pubescens 37 Syringa meyeri e standard alien Syringa pubescens e standard alien Syringa vulgaris 159 standard alien Syringa ×chinensis 6 standard alien Syringa ×persica 1 standard alien Syringa ×prestoniae 9 standard alien Tagetes erecta 108 standard alien Tagetes lucida 1 standard alien Tagetes patula 141 standard alien Tagetes tenuifolia 60 standard alien Tamarix sp. 97 Tamarix parviflora e standard alien Tamarix ramosissima e standard alien Tanacetum coccineum 43 standard alien Tanacetum densum et T. haradjanii 14 Tanacetum densum e standard alien Tanacetum haradjanii e standard alien Tanacetum macrophyllum 10 standard alien Tanacetum parthenium 84 standard alien Tanacetum vulgare 45 standard alien Telekia speciosa* 44 standard alien Teucrium chamaedrys 6 standard native Teucrium ×lucidrys 5 standard alien Thalictrum aquilegiifolium 9 standard native Thalictrum flavum 1 standard native Thalictrum minus 3 standard native Thelesperma filifolium 1 standard alien Thelypteris palustris 1 specific habitatnative Thladiantha dubia 2 standard alien Thlaspi rotundifolium 1 specific habitatalien Thunbergia alata 25 standard alien Thymus sp. 114 Thymus ´Elfin´ e standard alien Thymus drucei e standard alien Thymus glabrescens r standard native Thymus cherlerioides r standard alien Thymus pannonicus r standard native Thymus praecox e standard native Thymus pulegioides e standard native Thymus serpyllum e standard native Thymus ×citriodorus e standard alien Thymus vulgaris 36 non-ornamentalalien Tiarella cordifolia 1 standard alien Tibouchina urvilleana 1 frost sensitive alien Tilia americana 1 standard alien Tilia cordata 52 standard native Tilia platyphyllos 32 standard native Tilia tomentosa 6 standard alien Tilia ×euchlora 2 standard alien Tilia ×europaea 1 standard alien Tithonia rotundifolia 1 standard alien Torenia fournieri 3 standard alien Tradescantia fluminensis et T. zebrina 4 Tradescantia fluminensis e frost sensitive alien Tradescantia zebrina e frost sensitive alien Tradescantia pallida 8 frost sensitive alien Tradescantia ×andersoniana 93 standard alien Tragopogon sp. 1 non-ornamental Tribulus terrestris 1 non-ornamentalalien Tricyrtis sp. 6 Tricyrtis formosana e standard alien Tricyrtis hirta e standard alien Trifolium arvense 1 non-ornamentalnative Trifolium pratense 1 non-ornamentalnative Trillium cf. sessile 1 standard alien Trillium grandiflorum 2 standard alien Tripleurospermum inodorum 1 non-ornamentalalien Triteleia laxa 3 frost sensitive alien Tritonia crocata 1 frost sensitive alien Trollius sp. 32 standard Tropaeolum majus 96 standard alien Tulbaghia violacea 1 frost sensitive alien Typha angustifolia 11 specific habitatnative Typha latifolia 17 specific habitatnative Typha laxmannii 11 specific habitatalien Typha minima 4 specific habitatnative Ulmus glabra 10 standard native Ulmus laevis 3 standard native Ulmus aff. minor 62 Ulmus minor e standard native Ulmus procera e standard alien Ulmus ×hollandica e standard alien Ulmus parvifolia et pumila 9 Ulmus parvifolia e standard alien Ulmus pumila e standard alien Urtica dioica 1 non-ornamentalnative Utricularia australis 1 specific habitatnative Uvularia grandiflora 2 standard alien Vaccinium corymbosum 21 e non-ornamentalalien Vaccinium myrtillus 2 non-ornamentalnative Vaccinium oxycoccus 2 specific habitatnative Vaccinium vitis-idaea 5 non-ornamentalnative Valeriana dioica 1 specific habitatnative Valeriana officinalis 4 standard native Valeriana phu 3 standard alien Veratrum album 4 standard native Verbascum densiflorum 34 standard native Verbascum lychnitis 1 standard native Verbascum nigrum 1 non-ornamentalnative Verbascum phlomoides 7 standard native Verbascum phoeniceum 1 standard native Verbascum thapsus 22 standard native Verbena bonariensis 6 standard alien Verbena officinalis 2 non-ornamentalalien Verbena peruviana et V. ×hybrida 92 Verbena peruviana r standard alien Verbena ×hybrida d standard alien Veronica cf. armena et V. pectinata 6 Veronica cf. armena e standard alien Veronica pectinata e standard alien Veronica austriaca et V. caespitosa et V. prostrata 44 Veronica austriaca e standard native Veronica caespitosa d standard alien Veronica prostrata e standard native Veronica gentianoides 2 standard alien Veronica chamaedrys 1 non-ornamentalnative Veronica officinalis 2 non-ornamentalnative Veronica scutellata 1 specific habitatnative Veronica serpyllifolia 1 non-ornamentalnative Veronica schmidtiana 2 standard alien Veronica surculosa 3 standard alien Veronica teucrium 2 standard native Veronica virginica 4 standard alien Viburnum carlesii 7 standard alien Viburnum farreri et V. ×bodnatense 19 Viburnum farreri e standard alien Viburnum ×bodnatense e standard alien Viburnum lantana 23 standard native Viburnum macrocephalum 1 standard alien Viburnum opulus 79 standard native Viburnum plicatum 5 standard alien Viburnum rhytidophyllum et V. ×pragense 55 Viburnum rhytidophyllum d standard alien Viburnum ×pragense e standard alien Viburnum tinus 5 standard alien Vinca major 38 standard alien Vinca minor 160 standard native Vincetoxicum hirundinaria 1 standard native Viola cornuta 27 standard alien Viola hirta 1 standard native Viola mirabilis 1 standard native Viola odorata et V. suavis 91 Viola odorata d standard alien Viola suavis e standard alien Viola reichenbachiana et V. riviniana 7 Viola reichenbachiana e standard native Viola riviniana e standard native Viola tricolor 12 standard native Viola ×wittrockiana 148 standard alien Vitex agnus-castus 3 standard alien Vitis amurensis 5 standard alien Vitis vinifera 27 standard alien Waldsteinia geoides 3 standard alien Waldsteinia ternata 9 standard alien Trachycarpus sp. et Washingtonia sp. 4 Trachycarpus sp. d frost sensitive alien Washingtonia sp. e frost sensitive alien Weigela sp. 136 Weigela floribunda e standard alien Weigela florida e standard alien Weigela japonica e standard alien Wisteria aff. sinensis 109 Wisteria floribunda e standard alien Wisteria sinensis e standard alien Xeranthemum annuum 12 standard native Yucca filamentosa 157 standard alien Yucca aff. glauca 18 Yucca elephantipes e frost sensitive alien Yucca glauca e specific habitatalien Yucca gloriosa e frost sensitive alien Yucca recurvifolia e frost sensitive alien Zantedeschia aethiopica 7 frost sensitive alien Zantedeschia aff. albomaculata 56 Zantedeschia albomaculata e frost sensitive alien Zantedeschia elliottiana e frost sensitive alien Zantedeschia rehmannii e frost sensitive alien Zea mays 1 non-ornamentalalien Zelkova sp. 3 standard alien Zinnia angustifolia, Z. haageana et Z. peruviana 15 Zinnia angustifolia e standard alien Zinnia haageana e standard alien Zinnia peruviana e standard alien Zinnia violacea 124 standard alien Ziziphus jujuba 1 standard alien Pergl J., Sádlo J., Petřík P., Danihelka J., Chrtek Jr., Hejda M., Moravcová L., Perglová I., Štajerová K. & Pyšek P. (2016): Dark side of the fence: ornamental plants as a source of wildgrowing flora in the Czech Republic. – Preslia 88: 163–184.

Family Origin Life form Core/transient Adoxaceae AS shr Adoxaceae X shr Oleaceae AS shr Malvaceae X shr trans Rosaceae Rosaceae AU b/p Rosaceae AM b/p Plumbaginaceae Plumbaginaceae M b/p Acanthaceae Acanthaceae M b/p trans Acanthaceae M b/p Acanthaceae M b/p Sapindaceae E shr, t core Sapindaceae AS shr, t Sapindaceae AS t Sapindaceae Sapindaceae AS shr, t Sapindaceae AS shr, t Sapindaceae AS shr, t Sapindaceae AM t core Sapindaceae AM shr, t Sapindaceae E t core Sapindaceae E t core Sapindaceae AM t Sapindaceae AM t Sapindaceae E shr, t Asteraceae M b/p Asteraceae M b/p Asteraceae M b/p Asteraceae Asteraceae M b/p Asteraceae M b/p Asteraceae E AS AM b/p core Asteraceae E b/p core Gesneriaceae AM b/p trans Lamiaceae E b/p Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae E b/p Ranunculaceae E b/p core Ranunculaceae X b/p core Ranunculaceae E b/p core Acoraceae AS b/p core Acoraceae AS b/p Ranunculaceae AM b/p Actinidiaceae AS shr Actinidiaceae AS shr Actinidiaceae AS shr Pteridaceae AM b/p Ranunculaceae AS a Ranunculaceae E AS b/p core Apiaceae E b/p core Crassulaceae Crassulaceae AF b/p trans Sapindaceae Sapindaceae M t core Sapindaceae AM t Sapindaceae X t Sapindaceae AM shr Gesneriaceae AS b/p Brassicaceae M b/p Amaryllidaceae Amaryllidaceae AF b/p Amaryllidaceae AF b/p Amaryllidaceae AF b/p Lamiaceae AM b/p Lamiaceae AS b/p Asparagaceae AM b/p trans Asparagaceae AM b/p trans Asteraceae AM a Rosaceae Rosaceae E b/p core Rosaceae E b/p core Caryophyllaceae M a Simaroubaceae AS t core Asteraceae AS b/p, shr Lamiaceae E b/p core Lardizabalaceae AS b/p Fabaceae AS t Malvaceae E b/p core Malvaceae X b/p core Rosaceae Rosaceae E b/p trans Rosaceae E b/p Rosaceae E b/p Rosaceae E b/p Rosaceae E b/p core Alismataceae E b/p core Boraginaceae M b/p Amaryllidaceae Amaryllidaceae M b/p trans Amaryllidaceae M b/p Amaryllidaceae M b/p Amaryllidaceae M b/p Amaryllidaceae M b/p Amaryllidaceae M b/p trans Amaryllidaceae E b/p core Amaryllidaceae E b/p core Amaryllidaceae E b/p core Amaryllidaceae M b/p Amaryllidaceae E b/p core Amaryllidaceae E b/p core Amaryllidaceae E b/p core Amaryllidaceae M b/p core Betulaceae E t core Xanthorrhoeaceae Xanthorrhoeaceae AF shr trans Xanthorrhoeaceae AF shr trans Xanthorrhoeaceae AF shr trans Xanthorrhoeaceae AF b/p trans Alstroemeriaceae b/p trans Malvaceae E b/p core Brassicaceae E b/p core Brassicaceae E b/p core Amaranthaceae AM a Amaranthaceae AM a Amaranthaceae AM a Amaranthaceae AS a Asteraceae M a Rosaceae Rosaceae AM shr, t Rosaceae AM shr Rosaceae AM shr Rosaceae E shr Rosaceae AM shr core Asteraceae AU a Fabaceae AM shr core Vitaceae AS shr Vitaceae AS shr Primulaceae M a core Primulaceae M a core Asteraceae AS AM b/p Ericaceae E AS AM shr core Primulaceae AS a, b/p Primulaceae AS b/p Primulaceae Primulaceae AS b/p Primulaceae AS b/p Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae AS b/p Ranunculaceae AS b/p Ranunculaceae AM b/p Ranunculaceae E AS b/p core Apiaceae M a Plantaginaceae AM b/p Asteraceae E AS AM b/p core Asteraceae M b/p Asteraceae E b/p core Asparagaceae E b/p core Asparagaceae E b/p core Araceae AM b/p trans Fabaceae E b/p core Plantaginaceae M a, b/p core Aizoaceae AF b/p trans Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae b/p Ranunculaceae b/p Ranunculaceae AM b/p Ranunculaceae b/p Ranunculaceae E b/p core Ranunculaceae X b/p Ranunculaceae AS b/p Brassicaceae Brassicaceae E b/p core Brassicaceae M b/p core Brassicaceae X b/p Brassicaceae E b/p core Araliaceae AS shr, t Ericaceae M shr trans Asteraceae E AS AM b/p Ericaceae E AS AM shr core Asteraceae X b/p trans Caryophyllaceae M b/p Caryophyllaceae M b/p Asteraceae AF shr trans Apiaceae E b/p core Araceae b/p trans Aristolochiaceae E b/p core Aristolochiaceae AM shr Plumbaginaceae E AS AM b/p trans Plumbaginaceae E b/p Brassicaceae E b/p core Rosaceae Rosaceae AM shr Rosaceae AM shr Rosaceae AM shr Poaceae E b/p Asteraceae M b/p, shr Asteraceae M b/p core Asteraceae AS b/p Asteraceae Asteraceae E b/p Asteraceae AS b/p Asteraceae E b/p core Asteraceae AM shr Asteraceae E b/p core Rosaceae AS b/p Rosaceae E AS AM b/p core Poaceae M b/p, shr Plantaginaceae Plantaginaceae AM b/p Plantaginaceae AM b/p Plantaginaceae M b/p Aristolochiaceae E b/p core Apocynaceae AM b/p trans Apocynaceae AM b/p Apocynaceae AM b/p core Apocynaceae AM b/p Asparagaceae AF b/p trans Asparagaceae AF b/p, shr Asparagaceae M b/p core Asparagaceae M b/p Asparagaceae M b/p Asparagaceae M b/p Rubiaceae M b/p Rubiaceae M b/p Rubiaceae M b/p Xanthorrhoeaceae M b/p Asparagaceae AS b/p trans Aspleniaceae E AS AM b/p core Aspleniaceae COSM b/p core Asteraceae Asteraceae E AS AM b/p core Asteraceae AS b/p Asteraceae E b/p core Asteraceae AM b/p Asteraceae AM b/p Asteraceae AM b/p Asteraceae Asteraceae AM b/p core Asteraceae AM b/p core Asteraceae AM b/p core Asteraceae E b/p Asteraceae AM b/p Asteraceae M b/p Saxifragaceae Saxifragaceae AS b/p Saxifragaceae AS b/p Saxifragaceae X b/p trans Fabaceae M b/p Apiaceae E b/p core Woodsiaceae E AS AM b/p core Woodsiaceae AS b/p Amaranthaceae E a Brassicaceae M b/p Garryaceae AS shr Cactaceae AM b/p, shr Poaceae E AS AM b/p core Apiaceae AM b/p Poaceae Poaceae AS shr Poaceae shr Poaceae Poaceae shr Poaceae shr Poaceae AS shr Poaceae AS shr core Poaceae shr Poaceae AS shr Poaceae Poaceae AS shr Poaceae AS shr Poaceae AS shr Poaceae AS shr Poaceae shr Fabaceae AM b/p Basellaceae X b/p trans Amaranthaceae AS a core Begoniaceae Begoniaceae X b/p trans Begoniaceae AM b/p trans Begoniaceae AM b/p trans Begoniaceae AS b/p trans Begoniaceae X b/p trans Asteraceae E b/p core Berberidaceae Berberidaceae AM shr Berberidaceae AS shr Berberidaceae AM shr Berberidaceae AS shr Berberidaceae X shr Berberidaceae X shr Berberidaceae AS shr trans Berberidaceae AS shr trans Berberidaceae E shr core Saxifragaceae Saxifragaceae AS b/p Saxifragaceae AS b/p Saxifragaceae AS b/p Amaranthaceae M a, b/p core Betulaceae Betulaceae AM t Betulaceae AS t Betulaceae E AS AM shr core Betulaceae E t core Asteraceae AM a Asteraceae AM a Asteraceae AM a Bromeliaceae AM b/p trans Polygonaceae AS b/p Polygonaceae E AS AM b/p core Blechnaceae AS AM b/p Blechnaceae E AS AM b/p core Boraginaceae M a Nyctaginaceae AM shr trans Poaceae AM b/p Poaceae E AS b/p core Poaceae E AS b/p core Asteraceae Asteraceae AU a Asteraceae a Brassicaceae E M a, b/p Poaceae M a Poaceae E AS b/p core Poaceae M a Solanaceae Solanaceae X shr trans Solanaceae X shr trans Boraginaceae E b/p Cucurbitaceae M b/p core Scrophulariaceae AS shr trans Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae AS shr core Scrophulariaceae X shr Boraginaceae E b/p core Apiaceae M a Asteraceae E b/p core Butomaceae E AS b/p core Buxaceae M shr Poaceae Poaceae E AS b/p core Poaceae X b/p core Lamiaceae M b/p Asteraceae M a, b/p core Araceae E AS AM b/p core Lamiaceae AM shr Lamiaceae AS shr Myrtaceae AU shr trans Myrtaceae AU shr trans Asteraceae AS a Ericaceae E shr core Ranunculaceae E AS AM b/p core Calycanthaceae AM shr Convolvulaceae X b/p core Convolvulaceae E AS AM b/p core Asparagaceae b/p Theaceae AS shr trans Theaceae AS shr trans Campanulaceae M b/p Campanulaceae Campanulaceae E b/p Campanulaceae E b/p Campanulaceae Campanulaceae E b/p Campanulaceae E AS AM b/p core Campanulaceae M b/p Campanulaceae E AS b/p core Campanulaceae E AS b/p core Campanulaceae M b/p Campanulaceae E AS b/p core Campanulaceae E b/p core Campanulaceae E b/p Campanulaceae E b/p Campanulaceae AS b/p Campanulaceae M b/p Campanulaceae E AS b/p core Campanulaceae E AS b/p core Bignoniaceae Bignoniaceae AS shr Bignoniaceae AM shr Bignoniaceae X shr Cannaceae AM b/p trans Cannabaceae AS a core Solanaceae AM a Solanaceae AM a trans Fabaceae AS shr Fabaceae AS shr Cyperaceae Cyperaceae AS b/p Cyperaceae AS b/p Cyperaceae AS b/p Cyperaceae Cyperaceae AU b/p Cyperaceae AU b/p Cyperaceae E AS AM b/p core Cyperaceae E b/p core Cyperaceae AM b/p trans Cyperaceae E b/p core Cyperaceae E b/p core Cyperaceae E AS b/p core Cyperaceae AM b/p trans Cyperaceae E M b/p core Cyperaceae E AS AM b/p core Cyperaceae E AS b/p core Cyperaceae E AS AM b/p core Cyperaceae E AS b/p core Cyperaceae E AS b/p core Apocynaceae AF shr trans Betulaceae E t core Asteraceae M a Lamiaceae X b/p, shr Ericaceae E AS AM shr Fagaceae E M t Bignoniaceae AM t Bignoniaceae AS t Asteraceae M b/p Rhamnaceae X shr Celastraceae AS shr trans Amaranthaceae AM a Cannabaceae M t Asteraceae M b/p Asteraceae X a core Asteraceae M b/p Asteraceae M b/p Asteraceae E b/p core Asteraceae E b/p Caprifoliaceae M b/p Rubiaceae AM shr Caryophyllaceae E AS AM b/p core Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllaceae M b/p core Caryophyllaceae X b/p core Plumbaginaceae AS b/p Cercidiphyllaceae AS t Fabaceae Fabaceae AM shr, t Fabaceae M shr, t Boraginaceae M b/p core Apocynaceae AF b/p trans Rosaceae Rosaceae AS shr trans Rosaceae AS shr Rosaceae X shr Plantaginaceae E b/p Fabaceae E shr Ericaceae E AS AM shr Asteraceae M b/p Arecaceae M shr trans Poaceae AM b/p Plantaginaceae AM b/p Amaranthaceae E b/p core Amaranthaceae AM a Amaranthaceae E AS a Asparagaceae AF b/p trans Asteraceae X b/p Asteraceae M b/p core Asteraceae E AS b/p core Vitaceae AM shr trans Rutaceae Rutaceae AS shr trans Rutaceae AS shr trans Rutaceae X shr trans Rutaceae X shr trans Rutaceae X shr trans Onagraceae AM a Onagraceae AM a Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae E shr Ranunculaceae AS shr Ranunculaceae M shr Ranunculaceae M shr Ranunculaceae AS shr Ranunculaceae E AS b/p core Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae AS shr Ranunculaceae AS shr Ranunculaceae AM shr Ranunculaceae E M b/p core Ranunculaceae E shr core Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae X shr Ranunculaceae X shr Cleomaceae AM a Clethraceae AM shr Lamiaceae E M b/p core Amaryllidaceae AF b/p trans Polemoniaceae AM b/p Arecaceae X shr trans Campanulaceae AS b/p Rubiaceae AF shr trans Colchicaceae Colchicaceae E b/p core Asteraceae AF a Fabaceae M shr core Commelinaceae b/p Commelinaceae AS a core Ranunculaceae M a core Ranunculaceae M a core Ranunculaceae M a core Asparagaceae E AS AM b/p core Convolvulaceae AF a, b/p Convolvulaceae M a Asteraceae AM a core Asteraceae AM a Asteraceae Asteraceae AM b/p Asteraceae AM b/p trans Asteraceae AM b/p Asteraceae AM b/p Asteraceae AM a Asteraceae AM b/p Asteraceae AM b/p Apiaceae M a Cornaceae Cornaceae AS shr Cornaceae AM shr core Cornaceae AM b/p Cornaceae AS shr Cornaceae AM shr Cornaceae AS shr Cornaceae E shr core Cornaceae E shr core Fabaceae E AS b/p core Poaceae AM b/p Papaveraceae b/p Hamamelidaceae AS shr Betulaceae Betulaceae E shr core Betulaceae E shr Betulaceae M t trans Asteraceae AM a Asteraceae AM a Asteraceae AM a Anacardiaceae M AS shr Rosaceae Rosaceae AS shr Rosaceae shr trans Rosaceae AS shr Rosaceae AS shr trans Rosaceae AS shr Rosaceae AS shr Rosaceae E shr core Rosaceae AS shr Rosaceae AS shr Rosaceae AS shr Rosaceae X shr Asteraceae AF a Asteraceae AF b/p Crassulaceae AF b/p, shr trans Crassulaceae AF b/p, shr trans Rosaceae Rosaceae E shr, t core Rosaceae X shr core Rosaceae AM shr trans Rosaceae X shr Asteraceae AM a Iridaceae X b/p Cucurbitaceae AM a Lythraceae AM b/p, shr trans Lythraceae AM b/p, shr trans Lythraceae AM a, b/p trans Lythraceae AM b/p Zingiberaceae AS b/p trans Primulaceae M b/p Primulaceae M b/p trans Primulaceae E b/p core Primulaceae M b/p Cucurbitaceae AM a Rosaceae M shr Plantaginaceae E b/p core Plantaginaceae E b/p core Poaceae AS b/p trans Asteraceae M b/p Cyperaceae AF b/p trans Cyperaceae M b/p Orchidaceae AM b/p Dryopteridaceae AS b/p Woodsiaceae COSM b/p core Fabaceae E b/p, shr Fabaceae E shr core Fabaceae Fabaceae E shr core Fabaceae X b/p, shr Fabaceae E shr core Ericaceae E shr Orchidaceae E b/p core Asteraceae X b/p trans Thymelaeaceae E shr Thymelaeaceae E shr core Thymelaeaceae E shr core Saxifragaceae AM b/p Solanaceae AM a, b/p trans Solanaceae AM a Solanaceae AM a core Aizoaceae Aizoaceae AF b/p Aizoaceae AF b/p Aizoaceae AF b/p Aizoaceae AF b/p Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae M b/p Ranunculaceae AS b/p Ranunculaceae X b/p Poaceae E AS AM b/p core Hydrangeaceae AS shr Hydrangeaceae Hydrangeaceae AS shr Hydrangeaceae AS shr trans Caryophyllaceae b/p Caryophyllaceae E a, b/p core Caryophyllaceae E b/p core Caryophyllaceae E b/p core Caryophyllaceae M b/p Caryophyllaceae E b/p core Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllaceae E b/p core Caryophyllaceae E b/p Caryophyllaceae AS a, b/p Caryophyllaceae E b/p Caryophyllaceae E AS b/p core Scrophulariaceae AF a Scrophulariaceae AF a Papaveraceae Papaveraceae AM b/p Papaveraceae AM b/p Papaveraceae AS b/p Rutaceae E AS b/p core Caprifoliaceae Caprifoliaceae AM shr Caprifoliaceae X shr Plantaginaceae E b/p core Plantaginaceae E b/p core Convolvulaceae AM b/p Asteraceae AF a Caprifoliaceae E b/p core Caprifoliaceae E b/p core Primulaceae b/p Asteraceae E b/p core Asteraceae E b/p core Asteraceae E b/p Asteraceae E b/p trans Asteraceae E b/p Aizoaceae AF a Aizoaceae AF a Brassicaceae E b/p Brassicaceae M b/p Asparagaceae shr trans Lamiaceae E b/p Droseraceae E AS AM b/p core Rosaceae E AS AM b/p Dryopteridaceae AS b/p Dryopteridaceae E AS AM b/p core Dryopteridaceae E AS AM b/p core Dryopteridaceae Dryopteridaceae E AS AM b/p core Dryopteridaceae E b/p core Rosaceae AS b/p core Campanulaceae M b/p Crassulaceae AM b/p trans Asteraceae AM b/p Asteraceae AM b/p Cucurbitaceae AM a core Poaceae X a core Asteraceae Asteraceae E b/p Asteraceae E b/p core Asteraceae E M b/p core Boraginaceae M a, b/p trans Boraginaceae E b/p core Pontederiaceae AM a, b/p Elaeagnaceae M AS shr, t Elaeagnaceae AM shr core Elaeagnaceae AS shr Cyperaceae COSM b/p core Hydrocharitaceae AM b/p core Ericaceae E AS AM shr core Ericaceae AS shr Onagraceae E AS AM b/p core Onagraceae AM b/p core Onagraceae E AS b/p core Berberidaceae Berberidaceae E M b/p Berberidaceae AS b/p Berberidaceae X b/p Berberidaceae M b/p Cactaceae b/p trans Araceae AS AU b/p trans Equisetaceae E AS AM b/p core Equisetaceae E AS AM b/p core Asteraceae M b/p core Xanthorrhoeaceae AS b/p Xanthorrhoeaceae AS b/p Ericaceae M shr trans Ericaceae E shr core Ericaceae E shr Ericaceae E shr core Asteraceae AM b/p core Asteraceae AM b/p Asteraceae AM b/p Asteraceae AM b/p trans Asteraceae E b/p Rosaceae AS shr trans Polygonaceae b/p Cyperaceae E AS AM b/p core Asteraceae AM b/p Geraniaceae X b/p Apiaceae M b/p trans Apiaceae E b/p Apiaceae E b/p core Brassicaceae X b/p Brassicaceae M b/p core Brassicaceae M b/p Papaveraceae AM a Myrtaceae AU shr trans Myrtaceae AU shr trans Myrtaceae AU shr trans Myrtaceae AU shr trans Asparagaceae AF b/p trans Asparagaceae AF b/p trans Amaryllidaceae X b/p trans Celastraceae AS shr Celastraceae E shr core Celastraceae Celastraceae AS shr Celastraceae AS shr Celastraceae E AS shr Asteraceae E AS b/p core Asteraceae AM b/p Euphorbiaceae E AS b/p core Euphorbiaceae E b/p core Euphorbiaceae E b/p core Euphorbiaceae AM a Euphorbiaceae M a, b/p Euphorbiaceae AM shr trans Euphorbiaceae AM a Euphorbiaceae AF shr trans Euphorbiaceae M b/p Euphorbiaceae M b/p Euphorbiaceae AM shr trans Euphorbiaceae AF shr trans Euphorbiaceae E b/p core Asteraceae b/p trans Gentianaceae AM a Gentianaceae AS a trans Rosaceae shr Polygonaceae AS a Fagaceae E t core Polygonaceae AS shr core Asteraceae AS b/p Araliaceae AS shr trans Asteraceae AF a trans Poaceae E b/p core Poaceae E b/p Poaceae E b/p core Poaceae E b/p Poaceae E AS b/p core Poaceae E b/p core Moraceae AS shr trans Moraceae AS shr trans Moraceae M AS shr Moraceae AS shr trans Moraceae AS shr trans Rosaceae X b/p Rosaceae E AS b/p core Rosaceae E AS b/p core Apiaceae M b/p Oleaceae Oleaceae X shr Oleaceae AS shr Hamamelidaceae AM shr Rosaceae E b/p core Rosaceae E AS AM b/p core Rosaceae X b/p core Rosaceae X b/p Rhamnaceae E shr core Oleaceae AM t Oleaceae E t core Oleaceae M t Oleaceae AM t core Iridaceae b/p trans Onagraceae Onagraceae AM b/p, shr trans Onagraceae AM b/p, shr Onagraceae AM b/p, shr trans Onagraceae X b/p, shr trans Cistaceae E M b/p core Papaveraceae M a core Asteraceae Asteraceae AM b/p Asteraceae X a, b/p Asteraceae AM a Fabaceae E M b/p core Lamiaceae E b/p core Rubiaceae E b/p core Asparagaceae AF b/p trans Ericaceae AM shr Onagraceae Onagraceae AM b/p Asteraceae Asteraceae X b/p trans Asteraceae AF a Asteraceae AF a Fabaceae M shr Fabaceae E b/p, shr core Fabaceae E b/p, shr core Gentianaceae Gentianaceae E b/p core Gentianaceae E b/p Gentianaceae E b/p core Gentianaceae E AS b/p core Gentianaceae Gentianaceae AM b/p Gentianaceae AS b/p Gentianaceae AS b/p Gentianaceae AS b/p Gentianaceae b/p Gentianaceae AS b/p Gentianaceae E b/p core Geraniaceae Geraniaceae M b/p Geraniaceae M b/p Geraniaceae M a, b/p core Geraniaceae Geraniaceae M b/p Geraniaceae X b/p Geraniaceae E b/p Geraniaceae Geraniaceae AS b/p Geraniaceae E AS b/p core Geraniaceae Geraniaceae M b/p Geraniaceae M b/p Geraniaceae X b/p Geraniaceae E b/p core Geraniaceae E b/p Geraniaceae E b/p core Geraniaceae M b/p core Geraniaceae M b/p Geraniaceae E b/p core Geraniaceae E b/p core Geraniaceae AS b/p Asteraceae b/p trans Rosaceae Rosaceae M b/p Rosaceae X b/p Rosaceae E AS AM b/p core Rosaceae E b/p core Iridaceae AF b/p trans Iridaceae AF b/p trans Iridaceae M b/p Iridaceae X b/p trans Papaveraceae M b/p trans Asteraceae M a Asteraceae M a Fabaceae AM t Lamiaceae E b/p core Plantaginaceae E M b/p Plantaginaceae E b/p Colchicaceae b/p trans Poaceae E AS b/p core Amaranthaceae AS a Plumbaginaceae M b/p Gunneraceae AM b/p trans Woodsiaceae E AS AM b/p core Woodsiaceae E AS AM b/p core Fabaceae AM t Caryophyllaceae AS b/p Caryophyllaceae M a Caryophyllaceae E AS a core Caryophyllaceae E b/p core Caryophyllaceae E b/p Caryophyllaceae M b/p core Gesneriaceae E b/p Amaryllidaceae AM b/p trans Apiaceae E b/p core Amaryllidaceae b/p trans Poaceae AS b/p Styracaceae AM t Fabaceae AS shr Hamamelidaceae Hamamelidaceae X shr Cactaceae X b/p trans Plantaginaceae Plantaginaceae AM AU shr Plantaginaceae AU shr Plantaginaceae Plantaginaceae AU shr Plantaginaceae AU shr Plantaginaceae AU shr Plantaginaceae Plantaginaceae AU shr Plantaginaceae AU shr Plantaginaceae AU shr Plantaginaceae AU shr Araliaceae E shr core Asteraceae X b/p Cistaceae M b/p Cistaceae Cistaceae M b/p Cistaceae X b/p Cistaceae E b/p trans Asteraceae AM a core Asteraceae AM a Asteraceae AM b/p Asteraceae AM b/p core Asteraceae X b/p core Poaceae M b/p Asteraceae E AS b/p core Asteraceae AU a Asteraceae M b/p Asteraceae AU a Asteraceae AF shr Asteraceae AM b/p Boraginaceae AM b/p Ranunculaceae E b/p Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae E b/p Ranunculaceae M b/p Ranunculaceae E b/p Ranunculaceae E b/p core Ranunculaceae X b/p Xanthorrhoeaceae Xanthorrhoeaceae AS b/p Xanthorrhoeaceae AS b/p Xanthorrhoeaceae X b/p Xanthorrhoeaceae AS b/p core Ranunculaceae E b/p core Ranunculaceae E b/p Apiaceae AS b/p core Caryophyllaceae E M a, b/p core Brassicaceae E b/p core Saxifragaceae Saxifragaceae AM b/p Saxifragaceae AM b/p Saxifragaceae X b/p Saxifragaceae X b/p Saxifragaceae AM b/p Saxifragaceae AM b/p Malvaceae AM b/p trans Malvaceae AS shr trans Malvaceae AS shr Malvaceae M a core Asteraceae E b/p core Asteraceae E b/p core Asteraceae E b/p core Asteraceae E b/p core Asteraceae E b/p core Asteraceae E b/p Asteraceae E b/p core Amaryllidaceae b/p trans Elaeagnaceae E AS shr Plantaginaceae E AS AM b/p core Poaceae E b/p core Rosaceae AM shr Poaceae AM a, b/p core Asparagaceae Asparagaceae X b/p Asparagaceae X b/p Asparagaceae X b/p Asparagaceae X b/p Asparagaceae AS b/p Asparagaceae AS b/p Asparagaceae AS b/p Asparagaceae AS b/p Saururaceae AS b/p Apocynaceae AS shr trans Cannabaceae E AS b/p core Lycopodiaceae E AS AM b/p core Hydrangeaceae AM shr Hydrangeaceae AS shr Hydrangeaceae AS shr Hydrangeaceae AS shr Hydrangeaceae AS shr Hydrangeaceae AM shr Hydrangeaceae AS shr Papaveraceae AS b/p Amaryllidaceae b/p trans Hypericaceae M shr Hypericaceae Hypericaceae M shr Hypericaceae AS shr Hypericaceae X shr Hypericaceae M b/p Hypericaceae AM shr Hypericaceae E AS b/p core Hypericaceae M b/p, shr Hypericaceae E AS b/p core Hypericaceae E b/p core Lamiaceae M b/p, shr core Brassicaceae Brassicaceae M b/p, shr Brassicaceae M b/p, shr Brassicaceae M a Aquifoliaceae Aquifoliaceae E shr Aquifoliaceae X shr Aquifoliaceae AS shr Aquifoliaceae AS shr Aquifoliaceae AS shr Balsaminaceae AS a Balsaminaceae AS a Balsaminaceae AU b/p Balsaminaceae AF b/p Poaceae M b/p Bignoniaceae AS b/p Fabaceae Fabaceae AS shr Fabaceae X shr Asteraceae E AS b/p core Asteraceae E b/p core Asteraceae E M b/p core Solanaceae AM shr trans Convolvulaceae X b/p trans Convolvulaceae X a Convolvulaceae AM a Convolvulaceae AM a Convolvulaceae AM a Amaranthaceae AM b/p trans Iridaceae AS b/p Iridaceae E b/p core Iridaceae Iridaceae E M b/p core Iridaceae M b/p Iridaceae E b/p core Iridaceae Iridaceae AS b/p Iridaceae E AS b/p core Iridaceae X b/p core Iridaceae X b/p Asteraceae AF a Iridaceae X b/p trans Rubiaceae AS shr trans Campanulaceae E a, b/p core Oleaceae AS shr trans Oleaceae M shr Oleaceae AS shr Oleaceae AS shr trans Berberidaceae AS b/p Crassulaceae E b/p core Crassulaceae E b/p core Juncaceae E AS AM a core Juncaceae E AS AM b/p core Juncaceae COSM b/p core Juncaceae AM b/p Crassulaceae AF b/p trans Crassulaceae Crassulaceae AF b/p trans Ericaceae Ericaceae AM shr Rosaceae AS shr Caprifoliaceae E b/p core Xanthorrhoeaceae Xanthorrhoeaceae AF b/p Xanthorrhoeaceae X b/p Poaceae E b/p core Poaceae E b/p core Sapindaceae AS t Caprifoliaceae AS shr Fabaceae Fabaceae E shr core Fabaceae X shr Cucurbitaceae AF a Poaceae M a Lamiaceae E b/p core Aizoaceae AF b/p trans Verbenaceae AM shr trans Thelypteridaceae E AS AM b/p core Fabaceae E b/p core Fabaceae M a Fabaceae E b/p core Fabaceae E AS b/p core Campanulaceae AU a Lauraceae M shr trans Lamiaceae Lamiaceae M b/p, shr Lamiaceae X b/p, shr Lamiaceae Lamiaceae M b/p, shr Lamiaceae M b/p, shr Malvaceae E b/p core Malvaceae M a Ericaceae AM shr Ericaceae E AS AM shr core Araceae E AS AM a, b/p core Asteraceae Asteraceae E b/p Lamiaceae E b/p core Asteraceae Asteraceae AU b/p Asteraceae AU b/p Asteraceae E b/p Asteraceae E b/p Asteraceae Asteraceae E b/p core Asteraceae E AS b/p core Asteraceae AU a trans Ericaceae Ericaceae AM shr Ericaceae AM shr Ericaceae AM shr Apiaceae M b/p Montiaceae Montiaceae AM b/p Montiaceae AM b/p Caprifoliaceae AS shr Poaceae Poaceae E b/p Asteraceae AM b/p Asteraceae AS b/p Asteraceae AS b/p Asteraceae AS b/p Oleaceae Oleaceae AS shr Oleaceae AS shr Oleaceae AS shr Oleaceae E shr core Liliaceae E b/p core Liliaceae M b/p Liliaceae E AS b/p core Liliaceae Liliaceae AS b/p Liliaceae AS b/p Liliaceae AS b/p Liliaceae X b/p Plumbaginaceae Plumbaginaceae E AS b/p Plumbaginaceae M b/p Plumbaginaceae M b/p Plumbaginaceae M a Plantaginaceae E b/p Plantaginaceae X a Plantaginaceae M b/p core Linaceae E b/p core Linaceae E b/p core Linaceae M a Linaceae E b/p core Linaceae X a core Altingiaceae M t Altingiaceae AM t Magnoliaceae AM t Asparagaceae AS b/p Boraginaceae E b/p Boraginaceae E b/p Campanulaceae Campanulaceae AM b/p Campanulaceae b/p Campanulaceae AM b/p Campanulaceae X b/p Campanulaceae AF a Campanulaceae AM b/p trans Brassicaceae M a Ericaceae E AS AM shr Caprifoliaceae Caprifoliaceae AS shr Caprifoliaceae X shr Caprifoliaceae X shr Caprifoliaceae M shr core Caprifoliaceae E AS shr core Caprifoliaceae Caprifoliaceae AS shr Caprifoliaceae X shr Caprifoliaceae AS shr Caprifoliaceae AM shr Caprifoliaceae Caprifoliaceae AS shr Caprifoliaceae AS shr Caprifoliaceae AS shr Caprifoliaceae E shr core Caprifoliaceae Caprifoliaceae AS shr Caprifoliaceae AS shr Caprifoliaceae Caprifoliaceae AM shr Caprifoliaceae X shr Caprifoliaceae X shr Caprifoliaceae X shr Caprifoliaceae E AS shr core Fabaceae AF b/p trans Brassicaceae M a, b/p core Fabaceae Fabaceae AM b/p core Fabaceae X b/p Juncaceae E b/p core Juncaceae E b/p core Juncaceae E b/p Juncaceae E b/p core Solanaceae AM shr trans Solanaceae AS shr core Solanaceae AS shr trans Boraginaceae E a core Araceae AM b/p Primulaceae AM b/p Primulaceae AS b/p Primulaceae AS b/p Primulaceae E b/p core Primulaceae E b/p core Primulaceae E AS b/p core Lythraceae E AS b/p core Papaveraceae Papaveraceae AS b/p Papaveraceae AS b/p Moraceae AM t Magnoliaceae Magnoliaceae AS shr Magnoliaceae X shr, t Magnoliaceae AM t Magnoliaceae AS t Magnoliaceae AS shr Magnoliaceae AM shr, t Berberidaceae AM shr core Berberidaceae AS shr Asparagaceae E AS b/p core Cactaceae AM b/p, shr trans Lamiaceae M b/p Malvaceae M a Rosaceae Rosaceae AS shr, t trans Rosaceae X shr, t Rosaceae AS shr, t Rosaceae X shr, t Malvaceae E b/p core Malvaceae E b/p core Malvaceae M b/p core Apocynaceae shr trans Lamiaceae M b/p Asteraceae E a core Onocleaceae E AS AM b/p core Brassicaceae M a, b/p Brassicaceae M a Asteraceae M a Papaveraceae E b/p trans Fabaceae X b/p core Melastomataceae AS shr trans Poaceae E AS b/p core Poaceae E M b/p core Poaceae E AS b/p core Lamiaceae M b/p core Lamiaceae E AS b/p core Lamiaceae M b/p Lamiaceae E AS b/p core Lamiaceae E b/p Lamiaceae X b/p core Lamiaceae X b/p core Lamiaceae Lamiaceae E b/p Lamiaceae X b/p core Menyanthaceae E AS AM b/p core Euphorbiaceae E b/p core Aizoaceae AF a Rosaceae M shr Apiaceae E b/p core Plantaginaceae E M a core Fabaceae shr trans Phrymaceae AM b/p Lamiaceae Phrymaceae AM b/p Phrymaceae AM b/p core Phrymaceae X a, b/p Caryophyllaceae b/p Nyctaginaceae AM a, b/p Poaceae Poaceae AS b/p Poaceae X b/p Poaceae Poaceae AS b/p Poaceae AS b/p Caryophyllaceae E b/p core Poaceae E AS b/p core Lamiaceae Lamiaceae AM b/p Lamiaceae AM b/p Araceae AM b/p trans Moraceae AS t Moraceae AS t Polygonaceae AU shr trans Musaceae AS b/p trans Boraginaceae E b/p core Apiaceae E b/p core Myrtaceae M shr trans Rosaceae AS shr Scrophulariaceae AF a Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae AF a Scrophulariaceae Hydrophyllaceae AM a Lamiaceae E AS b/p core Lamiaceae M b/p Lamiaceae Lamiaceae M b/p core Lamiaceae X b/p core Lomariopsidaceae AF AM b/p trans Apocynaceae M AS shr trans Solanaceae AM a Solanaceae Solanaceae AM b/p Solanaceae X a Solanaceae AM a Solanaceae AM a Ranunculaceae M a Ranunculaceae M a Liliaceae AS b/p Nymphaeaceae Nymphaeaceae E AS b/p core Lamiaceae AS a Onagraceae AM b/p Onagraceae Onagraceae AM b/p core Onagraceae AM b/p core Onagraceae AM b/p Onagraceae AM b/p Onagraceae AM b/p Onagraceae AM b/p Oleaceae M shr trans Boraginaceae Boraginaceae M b/p Boraginaceae E b/p Onocleaceae AS AM b/p Asteraceae M b/p core Asparagaceae AS b/p Orchidaceae b/p Cactaceae AM b/p, shr Cactaceae Cactaceae AM b/p, shr trans Cactaceae AM b/p, shr trans Cactaceae AM b/p, shr core Cactaceae AM b/p, shr Lamiaceae M b/p Lamiaceae M b/p Lamiaceae E M b/p core Asparagaceae AF b/p trans Asparagaceae AF b/p trans Crassulaceae AS b/p Oleaceae AS shr Asteraceae Asteraceae AF b/p trans Asteraceae AF b/p trans Asteraceae AF b/p trans Oxalidaceae E AS AM b/p core Oxalidaceae AM b/p trans Oxalidaceae X a, b/p core Oxalidaceae AM b/p Oxalidaceae AF b/p Oxalidaceae AM a, b/p core Oxalidaceae AM b/p trans Oxalidaceae AM b/p trans Nyctaginaceae AM b/p core Paeoniceae AS shr Paeoniceae Paeoniceae AS b/p Paeoniceae E b/p Paeoniceae AS shr Paeoniceae E b/p Buxaceae AS b/p, shr Poaceae AM a core Poaceae AS b/p Poaceae AM b/p Papaveraceae Papaveraceae M b/p Papaveraceae M b/p Papaveraceae M b/p Papaveraceae M b/p Papaveraceae AS b/p Papaveraceae M a core Papaveraceae M a core Celastraceae E AS b/p core Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllaceae M b/p Caryophyllaceae M b/p Vitaceae Vitaceae AM shr core Vitaceae AM shr core Vitaceae AS shr Passifloraceae AM shr trans Passifloraceae shr trans Paulowniaceae AS t Celastraceae AM shr Geraniaceae AF b/p trans Geraniaceae Geraniaceae X b/p trans Geraniaceae AF b/p trans Geraniaceae X b/p trans Geraniaceae X b/p trans Poaceae AS AU b/p core Plantaginaceae Plantaginaceae AM b/p Plantaginaceae AM b/p Plantaginaceae X b/p Plantaginaceae AM b/p Plantaginaceae AM b/p Plantaginaceae AM b/p Rubiaceae AF b/p Asteraceae X b/p trans Lamiaceae AS a Lamiaceae Lamiaceae AS b/p, shr Lamiaceae AS b/p, shr Lamiaceae X b/p, shr Polygonaceae AS b/p Asteraceae E b/p core Caryophyllaceae E b/p core Solanaceae Solanaceae X a Solanaceae X a Apiaceae E b/p core Boraginaceae AM a Orchidaceae b/p trans Poaceae E AS AM b/p core Poaceae M a core Fabaceae AM a trans Fabaceae AM a Thelypteridaceae E AS AM b/p core Hydrangeaceae Hydrangeaceae AM shr Hydrangeaceae X shr Lamiaceae M shr Lamiaceae M b/p Lamiaceae E AS b/p core Polemoniaceae Polemoniaceae AM b/p Polemoniaceae AM b/p Polemoniaceae AM a Polemoniaceae AM b/p Arecaceae Arecaceae AF shr trans Arecaceae X shr trans Rosaceae X shr Poaceae COSM b/p core Rubiaceae M b/p Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae AF b/p, shr trans Scrophulariaceae AF b/p, shr trans Verbenaceae AM b/p trans Aspleniaceae E AS AM b/p core Solanaceae E M b/p core Solanaceae AM a, b/p Rosaceae AM shr core Lamiaceae AM b/p Campanulaceae E b/p core Phytolaccaceae AS b/p Ericaceae AS shr Urticaceae AM b/p trans Lentibulariaceae E b/p Orchidaceae E b/p core Platanaceae Platanaceae AM t Platanaceae X t Campanulaceae AS b/p Lamiaceae AU shr trans Lamiaceae Lamiaceae AF b/p trans Lamiaceae AF b/p trans Lamiaceae AU shr trans Orchidaceae AS b/p Plumbaginaceae AF shr Berberidaceae AM b/p Bignoniaceae AF shr trans Polemoniaceae E AS AM b/p core Asparagaceae E b/p Asparagaceae Asparagaceae E AS b/p core Asparagaceae X b/p Asparagaceae E AS b/p core Polypodiaceae E b/p core Dryopteridaceae E AS b/p core Dryopteridaceae AM b/p Dryopteridaceae E b/p Rutaceae AS shr Pontederiaceae AM b/p Salicaceae E M t core Salicaceae AM t core Salicaceae X t Salicaceae E M t core Salicaceae AS t Salicaceae E AS t core Salicaceae X t core Portulacaceae Portulacaceae AM a Portulacaceae X a Portulacaceae AM a Rosaceae E b/p core Rosaceae E AS b/p core Rosaceae AS b/p Rosaceae AS b/p core Rosaceae AS b/p core Rosaceae E AS AM b/p core Rosaceae AS b/p Rosaceae E AS AM shr Rosaceae AS b/p Rosaceae AS b/p Rosaceae E b/p core Rosaceae E b/p core Campanulaceae AU b/p Primulaceae Primulaceae E b/p Primulaceae X b/p Primulaceae Primulaceae E b/p core Primulaceae X b/p Primulaceae E b/p Primulaceae AS b/p Primulaceae E AS b/p core Primulaceae AS b/p Primulaceae AS b/p Primulaceae E b/p core Primulaceae AS b/p Brassicaceae E b/p Lamiaceae shr trans Lamiaceae E b/p core Lamiaceae E b/p core Rosaceae E t core Rosaceae Rosaceae E shr, t core Rosaceae X shr, t Rosaceae E shr core Rosaceae E shr, t core Rosaceae M shr Rosaceae M shr, t Rosaceae E shr, t core Rosaceae E AS shr, t core Rosaceae Rosaceae AS t Rosaceae X t Rosaceae AM shr, t core Rosaceae Rosaceae AS shr Rosaceae AS t Rosaceae AS t Rosaceae X t Rosaceae E AS shr core Rosaceae AS shr Papaveraceae E b/p core Plantaginaceae AS b/p Plantaginaceae E AS b/p Plantaginaceae E AS b/p core Plantaginaceae E AS b/p core Rutaceae AM shr Dennstaedtiaceae COSM b/p core Styracaceae AS shr, t Amaranthaceae AU b/p Boraginaceae Boraginaceae E b/p core Boraginaceae E b/p trans Boraginaceae E b/p Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae E b/p core Ranunculaceae E b/p Ranunculaceae E AS AM b/p core Ranunculaceae E b/p core Lythraceae M shr trans Rosaceae M shr core Rosaceae AS t Rosaceae M shr, t Fagaceae AM t Fagaceae E t core Fagaceae E t core Fagaceae E t core Fagaceae AM t core Gesneriaceae Gesneriaceae E b/p Ranunculaceae E AS b/p core Ranunculaceae E b/p core Ranunculaceae E AS b/p core Resedaceae M a, b/p Polygonaceae Polygonaceae AS b/p core Polygonaceae X b/p core Polygonaceae AS b/p core Asteraceae AS b/p Polygonaceae AS b/p Polygonaceae AS b/p Cactaceae b/p trans Asteraceae AU a Crassulaceae AS b/p Crassulaceae E AS AM b/p core Crassulaceae AS b/p Ericaceae E AS shr Rosaceae AS shr core Anacardiaceae AM shr core Grossulariaceae E AS shr core Grossulariaceae E AS shr core Grossulariaceae Grossulariaceae AM shr Grossulariaceae AM shr core Grossulariaceae E shr core Grossulariaceae AM shr Grossulariaceae E shr core Euphorbiaceae AF a Euphorbiaceae Fabaceae AM shr Fabaceae AM t Fabaceae AM t core Saxifragaceae AS b/p Saxifragaceae AS b/p Saxifragaceae AS b/p Rosaceae Rosaceae E shr core Rosaceae E shr core Rosaceae E shr core Rosaceae M shr Rosaceae Rosaceae M shr Rosaceae M shr Rosaceae E shr core Rosaceae E shr Rosaceae Rosaceae AS shr Rosaceae AS shr Rosaceae AS shr Rosaceae Rosaceae X shr Rosaceae X shr Rosaceae X shr Rosaceae AS shr Rosaceae E AS shr core Rosaceae AS shr Rosaceae E AS shr core Rosaceae AS shr Lamiaceae M shr trans Rosaceae M shr core Rosaceae E shr core Rosaceae X shr core Rosaceae AM shr trans Rosaceae AM shr core Rosaceae AS shr Rosaceae X shr core Asteraceae AM b/p trans Asteraceae AM b/p core Asteraceae AM b/p core Asteraceae AM b/p Asteraceae AM b/p Asteraceae AM b/p Acanthaceae AM b/p trans Polygonaceae E b/p core Asparagaceae M shr trans Asparagaceae M b/p, shr Plantaginaceae AM b/p trans Rutaceae M b/p, shr Caryophyllaceae E b/p core Alismataceae AM b/p core Alismataceae E AS b/p core Salicaceae shr Salicaceae E AS t core Salicaceae Salicaceae X t Salicaceae X t trans Salicaceae E AS shr, t core Salicaceae E AS shr core Salicaceae E shr core Salicaceae E M shr Salicaceae E t core Salicaceae E shr core Salicaceae E shr Salicaceae AS shr Salicaceae AS shr Salicaceae E AS shr Salicaceae Salicaceae X shr, t Salicaceae X shr, t Salicaceae E shr core Salicaceae Salicaceae E shr Salicaceae E shr core Salicaceae E AS shr core Salicaceae E AS shr core Salicaceae Salicaceae E AS shr core Salicaceae X shr core Salicaceae shr Lamiaceae M b/p Lamiaceae AM b/p Lamiaceae AM b/p trans Lamiaceae AM b/p Lamiaceae E b/p core Lamiaceae E b/p core Lamiaceae M shr Lamiaceae AM b/p Lamiaceae E b/p core Lamiaceae M b/p Lamiaceae AM a Lamiaceae E b/p core Lamiaceae M a Adoxaceae E AS AM shr, t core Adoxaceae E AS AM shr core Papaveraceae AM b/p Rosaceae E M b/p core Rosaceae AM b/p Rosaceae E AS AM b/p core Apiaceae E AS b/p Asparagaceae AF b/p trans Asteraceae M b/p, shr Asteraceae AM a Caryophyllaceae M b/p Caryophyllaceae E b/p core Caryophyllaceae X b/p Sarraceniaceae Sarraceniaceae AM b/p Sarraceniaceae AM b/p trans Lamiaceae M a Lamiaceae M b/p, shr Saxifragaceae Saxifragaceae E b/p trans Saxifragaceae E b/p Saxifragaceae E b/p core Saxifragaceae X b/p Saxifragaceae Saxifragaceae E b/p Saxifragaceae E b/p Saxifragaceae E b/p core Saxifragaceae E AS AM b/p core Saxifragaceae X b/p Saxifragaceae Saxifragaceae E AS AM b/p core Saxifragaceae b/p Saxifragaceae Saxifragaceae E b/p Saxifragaceae E b/p Saxifragaceae X b/p core Saxifragaceae X b/p Saxifragaceae E AS AM b/p Saxifragaceae E AS AM b/p Saxifragaceae M a Saxifragaceae E M a core Caprifoliaceae M a, b/p Caprifoliaceae M b/p Caprifoliaceae E b/p core Caprifoliaceae M a Goodeniaceae AU a Schisandraceae AS shr Cactaceae Cactaceae AM b/p trans Cactaceae X b/p trans Cyperaceae E AS AM b/p core Cyperaceae COSM b/p core Cyperaceae E AS b/p core Scrophulariaceae E b/p core Lamiaceae E b/p core Lamiaceae M AS b/p Crassulaceae E M b/p core Crassulaceae b/p Crassulaceae AS b/p Crassulaceae Crassulaceae E M b/p core Crassulaceae E b/p Crassulaceae E b/p Crassulaceae Crassulaceae E b/p Crassulaceae M b/p trans Crassulaceae E b/p Crassulaceae M b/p Crassulaceae Crassulaceae AS b/p Crassulaceae AS b/p Crassulaceae AS b/p Crassulaceae M b/p Crassulaceae M a, b/p core Crassulaceae Crassulaceae AS b/p core Crassulaceae AS b/p Crassulaceae Crassulaceae AS b/p Crassulaceae AS b/p Crassulaceae AM b/p trans Crassulaceae AM b/p Crassulaceae Crassulaceae E b/p core Crassulaceae E b/p core Crassulaceae E b/p core Crassulaceae AS b/p Crassulaceae M b/p Crassulaceae E b/p core Crassulaceae AS b/p Crassulaceae AM b/p Crassulaceae AS b/p Crassulaceae Crassulaceae M b/p core Crassulaceae M b/p Crassulaceae Crassulaceae M b/p Crassulaceae E b/p core Crassulaceae E b/p core Crassulaceae E b/p Crassulaceae Crassulaceae E b/p Crassulaceae E b/p Crassulaceae E b/p Crassulaceae E b/p core Asteraceae M b/p trans Asteraceae E b/p core Fabaceae AM shr trans Poaceae Poaceae M b/p Poaceae M a Rosaceae E AS AM b/p Rosaceae AS shr Malvaceae AM b/p Caryophyllaceae E AS AM b/p Caryophyllaceae E a, b/p Caryophyllaceae AS b/p Caryophyllaceae E M b/p core Caryophyllaceae E a, b/p core Caryophyllaceae E b/p core Caryophyllaceae E b/p core Caryophyllaceae AS b/p Caryophyllaceae M a Caryophyllaceae E b/p Caryophyllaceae M b/p Caryophyllaceae E b/p Caryophyllaceae E b/p core Caryophyllaceae E b/p Asteraceae M a Brassicaceae E b/p core Iridaceae b/p Rutaceae AS shr Solanaceae E AS b/p core Solanaceae AM b/p, shr trans Solanaceae AM b/p trans Primulaceae b/p Lamiaceae AS b/p trans Asteraceae AM b/p core Asteraceae AM b/p core Asteraceae M a core Fabaceae AS t Rosaceae AS shr core Rosaceae E shr core Rosaceae E AS t core Rosaceae M t Rosaceae Rosaceae E shr, t core Rosaceae X shr, t core Rosaceae E t core Rosaceae AS shr, t Poaceae AF a Iridaceae AF b/p trans Typhaceae E AS b/p core Poaceae AM b/p Araceae b/p trans Rosaceae Rosaceae AM shr core Rosaceae AM shr core Rosaceae E AS shr core Rosaceae AS shr Rosaceae AS shr Rosaceae AS shr core Rosaceae AS shr Rosaceae AS shr Rosaceae Rosaceae X shr Rosaceae AS shr Rosaceae X shr Rosaceae X shr Lamiaceae M b/p Lamiaceae M b/p Lamiaceae E b/p core Lamiaceae M b/p Lamiaceae Lamiaceae E b/p Lamiaceae E b/p core Lamiaceae E AS AM b/p core Staphyleaceae E shr core Caryophyllaceae E b/p core Rosaceae AS shr Apocynaceae AF shr trans Poaceae AM b/p Hydrocharitaceae E AS b/p core Strelitziaceae AF b/p trans Gesneriaceae AF b/p trans Scrophulariaceae AF a Asteraceae AM b/p Caprifoliaceae AM shr core Caprifoliaceae AM shr Caprifoliaceae X shr Boraginaceae E AS b/p core Oleaceae Oleaceae AS shr Oleaceae AS shr Oleaceae E shr core Oleaceae X shr Oleaceae X shr Oleaceae X shr Asteraceae AM a Asteraceae AM a, b/p Asteraceae AM a Asteraceae AM a trans Tamaricaceae Tamaricaceae M shr Tamaricaceae M AS shr Asteraceae M b/p Asteraceae Asteraceae M b/p Asteraceae M b/p Asteraceae E M b/p core Asteraceae E M b/p core Asteraceae M AS b/p core Asteraceae E b/p core Lamiaceae E M shr core Lamiaceae X shr Ranunculaceae E b/p core Ranunculaceae E AS b/p core Ranunculaceae E AS b/p core Asteraceae AM a Thelypteridaceae E AS AM b/p core Cucurbitaceae AS b/p Brassicaceae E b/p Acanthaceae AF a Lamiaceae Lamiaceae X b/p Lamiaceae E b/p Lamiaceae E b/p core Lamiaceae M b/p Lamiaceae E b/p core Lamiaceae E b/p core Lamiaceae E b/p core Lamiaceae E b/p core Lamiaceae X b/p Lamiaceae M b/p Saxifragaceae AM b/p Melastomataceae AM shr trans Malvaceae AM t Malvaceae E t core Malvaceae E t core Malvaceae E t Malvaceae X t Malvaceae X t Asteraceae AM b/p Linderniaceae AS a Commelinaceae Commelinaceae AM b/p trans Commelinaceae AM b/p trans Commelinaceae AM b/p trans Commelinaceae X b/p Asteraceae b/p Zygophyllaceae M a Liliaceae Liliaceae AS b/p Liliaceae AS b/p Fabaceae E a core Fabaceae E AS b/p core Melanthiaceae AM b/p Melanthiaceae AM b/p Asteraceae X a core Asparagaceae AM b/p trans Iridaceae AF b/p trans Ranunculaceae b/p Tropaeolaceae AM a Amaryllidaceae AF b/p trans Typhaceae E AS AM b/p core Typhaceae COSM b/p core Typhaceae E AS b/p core Typhaceae E AS b/p core Ulmaceae E t core Ulmaceae E t core Ulmaceae Ulmaceae E shr, t core Ulmaceae E shr, t Ulmaceae X shr, t Ulmaceae Ulmaceae AS shr Ulmaceae AS shr, t Urticaceae E AS AM b/p core Lentibulariaceae E AS b/p core Colchicaceae AM b/p Ericaceae AM shr trans Ericaceae E AS shr core Ericaceae E AS AM shr core Ericaceae E AS AM shr core Caprifoliaceae E AS AM b/p core Caprifoliaceae E AS b/p core Caprifoliaceae M b/p Melanthiaceae E AS AM b/p core Scrophulariaceae E b/p core Scrophulariaceae E b/p core Scrophulariaceae E AS b/p core Scrophulariaceae E b/p core Scrophulariaceae E AS b/p core Scrophulariaceae E AS b/p core Verbenaceae AM a Verbenaceae M a, b/p core Verbenaceae Verbenaceae AM a trans Verbenaceae X a Plantaginaceae Plantaginaceae b/p Plantaginaceae M b/p Plantaginaceae Plantaginaceae E b/p core Plantaginaceae M b/p Plantaginaceae E b/p core Plantaginaceae M b/p Plantaginaceae E AS b/p core Plantaginaceae E b/p core Plantaginaceae E AS AM a core Plantaginaceae E AS AM b/p core Plantaginaceae AS b/p Plantaginaceae M b/p Plantaginaceae E AS b/p core Plantaginaceae AM b/p Adoxaceae AS shr Adoxaceae Adoxaceae AS shr Adoxaceae X shr Adoxaceae E shr core Adoxaceae AS shr Adoxaceae E AS shr core Adoxaceae AS shr Adoxaceae Adoxaceae AS shr Adoxaceae X shr Adoxaceae M shr Apocynaceae M b/p Apocynaceae E b/p core Apocynaceae E b/p core Violaceae E b/p Violaceae E b/p core Violaceae E b/p core Violaceae Violaceae M b/p core Violaceae M b/p core Violaceae Violaceae E b/p core Violaceae E b/p core Violaceae E a, b/p core Violaceae X a, b/p core Lamiaceae M AS shr Vitaceae AS shr Vitaceae E M shr Rosaceae E b/p trans Rosaceae E AS b/p trans Arecaceae Arecaceae shr trans Arecaceae shr trans Caprifoliaceae Caprifoliaceae AS shr Caprifoliaceae AS shr Caprifoliaceae AS shr Fabaceae Fabaceae AS shr Fabaceae AS shr Asteraceae E a core Asparagaceae AM b/p Asparagaceae Asparagaceae AM b/p, shr trans Asparagaceae AM b/p, shr Asparagaceae AM b/p, shr trans Asparagaceae AM b/p, shr trans Araceae AF b/p trans Araceae Araceae AF b/p trans Araceae AF b/p trans Araceae AF b/p trans Poaceae AM a core Ulmaceae t Asteraceae Asteraceae AM a Asteraceae AM a Asteraceae AM a Asteraceae AM a Rhamnaceae AS shr Pergl J., Sádlo J., Petřík P., Danihelka J., Chrtek Jr., Hejda M., Moravcová L., Perglová I., Štajerová K. & Pyšek P. (2016): Dark side of the fence: ornamental plants as a source of wildgrowing flora in the Czech Republic. – Preslia 88: 163–184.