Clhdca 0 7GE the Proceedings of the South Place Ethical Society Vol
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Clhdca 0 7GE The Proceedings of the South Place Ethical Society Vol. 114 No. 4 £1.50 April 2009 MUaJJJJaJU Li , Li El unn uuaJunJ1aJwnJ1nJauaJnlJnanuaJnJaJwn1nJaJu1auaauauLEP dr2PLEEPLP E Cicero Denounces Catiline: Fresco by Cesare Maccari (1840-1919) Marcus Tullius Cicero on De Senectute (see article by Chris Bratcher on page 3) SPES's CONWAY HALL SUNDAY CONCERTS TO CONTINUE Since the departure of the London Chamber Music Society in April 2008, the Ethical Society has been arranging the Sunday Concerts itself. Simon Callaghan has been commissioned to engage the musicians. Although the concerts still require a hefty subsidy from the Society's funds, the GC decided on I April 2009 to financially support the 2009/10 season. Members' support is of course most welcome as well. Contact Giles Enders on 020 7242 8034/1 NB VIEWPOINTS THROUGH A GLASS DARKLY ON OLD AGE, FROM CICERO AND THE ANCIENTS Chris Bratcher3 PASCAL'S WAGER: IS IT PHIWSOPHY? Robert Schwarz9 THE CRUCIFIXION: THE SADO-MASOCHISTIC HEART OF CHRISTIANITY Barbara SmokerII WHY RATIONALISM ISN'T WHAT YOU THINK IT IS Bob ChurchillIS VIEWPOINT: Jon and Adele Wainwright 23 ETHICAL SOCIETY EVENTS 24 SOUTH PLACE ETHICAL SOCIETY Conway Hall Humanist Centre 25 Red Lion Square, London WC IR 4RL. Tel: 020 7242 8031/4 Fax: 020 7242 8036 Website: www.ethicalsoc.org.uk email: [email protected] Chairman: Giles Enders Hon. Rep.: Don Liversedge Vice-chairman: Terry Mullins Treasurer: John Edwards Registrar: Donald Rooum Editor, Ethical Record: Norman Bacrac SPES Staff Executive Officer: Emma J. Stanford Tel: 020 7242 8031/4 Finance Officer: . Linda Alia Tel: 020 7242 8031/4 Lettings Officer: Carina Dvorak Tel: 020 7242 8032 LibrarianIProgramme Co ordinator: Jennifer Jeynes MSc. Tel:020 7242 8037 Lettings Assistant: Marie Aubrechtova Caretakers: Eva Aubrechtova (i/c): Tel: 020 7242 8033 together with: Shaip Bullaku, Angelo Edrozo, Nikola Ivanovski. Alfredo Olivio, Rogerio Retuerna, David Wright Maintenance Operative: Zia Harneed New Members The Society is pleased to welcome to membership Dr Alexander Melnikoff of Holborn; Dr Jerry Jones of London SWI9 Donors Dr Jerry Jones of London SWI9, who has generously donated £50; Mr A Landau of Linlithgow, Nr Edinburgh, who has donated a cache of humanist books. SUCCESS OF BIG EVENTS AT CONWAY HALL There has been a spate of very successful 'big events' filling the main Conway Hall recently. These have been put on by the Ethical Society in conjunction either with the British Humanist Association or with the year-old Centre for Inquiry London. The two joint BHAISPES events were lectures entitled Can British science rise to the challenge of the 21st century? by Sir David King on I I February and A Darwinian perspective on religions: past, present and future by Prof Dan Dennett on 19 March. They were each chaired by Richard Dawkins and 'played' to full houses. The two joint CF1L/SPES events held so far were Weird science, with Richard Wiseman, Chris French, Stephen Law (CFIL Provost) and Ben Goldacre on 17 January and God in the lab with Emma Cohen, Mike Jackson, Justin Barrett and Miguel Farias on 21 March. The third joint CFIL/SPES event will be on Science and religion with Jack Cohen, Simon Singh, Stephen Law and Baroness Mary Warnock on Saturday 25 April, from I lam to 4pm, to which everyone who can should attend. SOUTH PLACE ETHICAL SOCIETY Reg. Charity No. 251396 Founded in 1793, the Society is a progressive movement whose aims are: the study and dissemination of ethical principles based on humanism, the cultivation of a rational and humane way of life, and the advancement of research and education in relevant fields. We invite to membership those who reject supernatural creeds and are in sympathy with our aims. At Conway Hall the programme includes Sunday lectures, discussions, evening courses and the renowned South Place Sunday Concerts of chamber music. The Society maintains a Humanist Reference Library. The Society's journal. Ethical Record, is issued monthly. Memorial meetings may be arranged. The annual subscription is 1 8 (£12 if a full-time student, unwaged or over 65). 2 Ethical Record, April 2009 VIEWPOINTS THROUGH A GLASS DARKLY ON OLD AGE, FROM CICERO AND THE ANCIENTS Chris Bratcher Lecture to the Ethical Society, 29 March 2009 I recognise that I've recently crossed the Rubicon into what I consider to be Old Age to join most of you recumbent on its far bank. A great mass of Baby boomers are not far behind, and like wildebeests, they'll be nervously questing for an easy descent into those uncertain waters, and an easier clamber up and onto a pension- light scrubland on the Far Side. So tips for survival in a country that has long been mapped out by cartoonists and dramatists, and observed in our parents, yet is not really known to us until we discover it for ourselves, are valuable. Should one have SPES — literally in Latin, hope —or something nearer to despair coated with wry regret at lost powers and opportunities? Today's talk will look at a Classical — indeed, what has become a classic - view of the prospect. Quite the most famous work of the period was De Senectute, (Of Old Age) by Marcus Tullius Cicero. It runs to about 35 pages in Latin, and 45 in English. He wrote the first draft just before Julius Caesar was assassinated, and completed it shortly afterwards at a critical point in his life; shortly before he ignored all his sage advice, and went completely off the rails, to his death! The first part of the talk is as much about him as the work, as his life is its best commentary. Cicero's Fame Michael Grant, the Penguin translator of many of his works, simply says that "the influence of Cicero upon the history of European literature and thought greatly exceeds that of any other prose writer in any language". The earliest Italian printers in the 15th century produced over 200 editions of his works. His speeches were the template for rhetoric and advocacy throughout Europe; he coined the word `moralis' - our 'moral', and his thoughts on the subject were used by all sides in the Reformation. Tully (as English men of letters used to refer to him) was 'moral instruction' and 'civics' throughout most of the last millennium, until the subject went out of fashion, and familiarity with Latin authors ceased. Here are a couple of quotes showing the effect of his work De Officiis (On Duties) on humanists. It was also written in 44BCE. Hume said "I desire to take my catalogue of virtues from it", and Voltaire said that "No one will ever write anything more wise, more true, or more useful. From now on, those whose ambition is to give men instruction, to provide them with precepts, will be charlatans if they want to rise above you, or all will be your imitators." That is perhaps a shade over the top, but this work in particular exemplified what SPES thought it should be about in our grand-parents' time; the promotion of the virtues and benefits of honesty ,based on common 'humanitas', as a counter to the seemingly perennial problem of spivvery in public and business dealings. The present government and set of M.P.s clearly did not have his writings inculcated at an impressionable age. Ethical Record, April 2009 3 Cicero's Life Up To De Senectute Cicero, like myself, was in his 62nd year when he wrote the piece. He had made his name as an advocate and prosecutor of corruption in office; so much so that, although not a member of a patrician family, he came to represent their interest, and got elected consul, when he crushed a conspiracy by the losing candidate to oust his successor by force. Alas, he went too far in securing the senate's agreement to putting the conspirators to death without appeal, and, in the face of popular reaction, he was briefly exiled, then rehabilitated as a model governor of Sicily for a couple of years. On his return, he continued to fitfully back Pompey and the Ancien Regime against Julius Caesar, and to bang on 'off message' about the concentration of power that rode rough-shod over ancient checks and balances. Identified with the wrong side in what was a civil war, and losing his influence with Caesar, he increasingly retreated to his country estates: he promptly divorced his wife in 46BC, and married his 17 year old ward (which lasted a year — a lesson, surely); his beloved daughter died in February the next year, and his son was off studying philosophy in Athens. You could say, the decks were cleared, but what to do with the rest of his life? Well, he set himself to re- read a lot of Greek philosophy. He and Pompey had years earlier studied at the Stoic school in Rhodes run by Posidonius, who with his predecessor, Panaetius, had introduced Roman society to a form of Stoicism. "If a man lives", Cicero had declared, "who would belittle the study of philosophy, I quite fail to see what in the world he would see fit to praise." Twenty years earlier, he had written (Pro Archia,16) " .. even if the great practical benefits (of reading) were not apparent, even if the object of these studies were pleasure only, even so, you must agree that no other mental activity is so worthy of a humanus !Microns [a civilized human being]. All other pursuits depend on particular times or ages or places, but these studies are as stimulating for young people as they are a source of pleasure for the old: they grace success, and they provide comfort and refuge in adversity .