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Discussions by the Laboratory Animal Refinement & Enrichment Forum · Volume V IT’S OKAY to CRY

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Discussions by the Laboratory Animal Refinement & Enrichment Forum · Volume V IT’S OKAY to CRY Discussions by the Laboratory Animal Refinement & Enrichment Forum · Volume V IT’S OKAY TO CRY EDITED BY VIKTOR REINHARDT ANIMAL WELFARE INSTITUTE Discussions by the Laboratory Animal Refinement & Enrichment Forum · Volume V Discussions by the Laboratory Animal Refinement & Enrichment Forum · Volume V IT’S OKAY TO CRY EDITED BY VIKTOR REINHARDT ANIMAL WELFARE INSTITUTE Animal Welfare Institute 900 Pennsylvania Avenue, SE Washington, DC 20003 awionline.org It's Okay to Cry Discussions by the Laboratory Animal Refinement & Enrichment Forum, Volume V Edited by Viktor Reinhardt Cover photo: kgroovy, Flickr Copyright © 2020 Animal Welfare Institute All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America ISBN 978-0-938414-76-6 LCCN 2020903778 INTRODUCTION his is the 5th volume of selected discussions that took place on the electronic Laboratory T Animal Refinement & Enrichment Forum between February 2016 and December 2019. The forum was created in October 2002; it allows the international animal care community to exchange opinions and practical experiences pertaining to the refinement of traditional housing and handling conditions of animals kept in research facilities. I am grateful to the following members of the forum for sharing some of their comments in this book: Allison Reiffer, Amanda Carlson, Amanda Harsche, Amanda Knight, Amy Robinson- Junker, Angelika Rehrig, Ann Labans, Anthony Ferraro, Audrey Brown, Augusto Vitale, Becki Brunelli, Brianna Parkinson, Brianne Stein, Britney Morea, Brittney Armitage, Carolyn Allen, Catherine Breault, Catherine Brochu, Christina Winnicker, Christine Thaete, Claire Castellanos, Crystal Johnson, David Cawston, David Morton, Elva Mathiese, Emily Patterson-Kane, Erica Watson, Evelyn Skoumbourdis, Genevieve Andrews-Kelly, Harriet Hoffman, Heidi Denman, Jacqueline Schwartz, Janneke Arts, Jas Barley, Jeannine Cason Rodgers, Jennifer Deutsch, Jennifer Lofgren, Jessica Leclerc, Jessica Peveler, Joanna Makowska, Jodi Scholz, Kaile Bennet, Kate Baker, Katie Mahoney, Kathleen Banks, Kayla Shayne, Kelsey Neeb Lambert, Kristina Carter, Lauren Cresser, Leslie Jenkins, Lori Burgess, Lorraine Bell, Luis Fernandez, Lydia Troc, Marcie Donnelly, Melissa Truelove, Meagan McCallum, Marloes Hentzen, Michele Cunneen, Michelle Martin, Misty Williams-Fritze, Natasha Down, Polly Schultz, Rachele McAndrew, Renée Gainer, Rick Duff, Sarah Thurston, Sarah Shannon Gray, Sharon Bauer, Stacie Havens, Steven Ortiz, Susan Rubino, Tara Shelton, Theresa Faughnan, Thomas Ferrell, Toni Trahearn, and Vanessa Herring. My wife Annie and I edited comments as appropriate. Thank you Dave Tilford, Cathy Liss and Joanna Makowska for thoroughly checking the text for errors and typos. I am also very grateful to Alexandra Alberg for creating the design and preparing the layout of this book. Alex, it was a good experience working with you in a stress- free, yet very efficient environment; I thank you very much. It is my wish that the discussions compiled in this book will inspire those who are responsible for the welfare of animals in research labs to express their compassion in action, even if this may sometimes require considerable courage. Making life easier for animals in research laboratories not only improves the scientific quality of research data collected from them, but it also promotes animal welfare and our own emotional well-being. Mt. Shasta, California Viktor Reinhardt December 2019 Moderator of LAREF TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 CATS 37 Housing of chinchillas 39 Rodents recognizing individual humans 5 DOGS 40 Foraging enrichment for rodents 6 Elevated resting surfaces for dogs and rabbits 43 8 Environmental enrichment for Environmental enrichment for rabbits surgerized beagles 47 Hiding structures for rabbits 10 Auditory environmental enrichment 49 Housing adult rabbits in pairs for dogs 54 Housing adult rabbits in groups 11 Dealing with the barking of dogs 55 Human contact for rabbits 12 Dealing with an aggressive dog 58 NON-HUMAN PRIMATES 14 FERRETS 59 Paper enrichment for macaques 61 Using wood shavings and feeding 16 RODENTS & RABBITS browse without clogging drains 17 Relating to mice and rats in your charge 64 Visual environmental enrichment for 20 Environmental enrichment for rodents non-human primates 65 22 Running wheels for rodents TVs in monkey rooms 66 25 Nesting material for mice Mirrors for macaques 68 27 Checking mice in their nests iPads for macaques 70 30 Shredded office paper for mice Pumpkins for non-human primates 72 31 Transferring nest material from the old Coconuts and bamboo for macaques to the new cage 73 Eggs for macaques 32 Barbering in mice 74 Foraging enrichment for marmosets 34 Food grinding in mice 75 Acacia/arabic gum for macaques 35 Dealing with excessive aggression in rats 76 Enrichment for non-human primates 36 Guinea pig housing assigned to toxicological studies 77 Pairing juvenile macaques with 115 PIGS adult macaques 116 Pig housing 78 Pairing adult female macaques 118 Enrichment for pigs 80 Pairing adult male macaques 120 Pairing unfamiliar female domestic pigs 83 Separating macaque pairs during 121 Giving bitter medication to pigs the night 122 Training pigs to cooperate during 84 Social housing of macaques procedures after surgery 123 Working with jacketed pigs 85 Alleviating separation stress in non-human primates 86 Hair pulling and eating in macaques 125 MISCELLANEOUS 88 Dealing with self-biting in macaques 126 Your most successful enrichment idea 92 Tail biting in cynomolgus macaques 128 Implementing a new commercial enrichment item 93 Making use of a laser pointer 130 Necessity versus enrichment 94 Training macaques to cooperate during injection and venipuncture 132 Dealing with wooden enrichment objects 97 Training macaques: Sex differences 134 Social stress buffer 98 Bad reputation of adult male rhesus macaques 136 Re-homing research-released animals 100 Training non-human primates to sit 138 Alleviating disruption in animal holding on a scale for weighing areas during construction/renovation 101 Shifting macaques 104 Food competition between 140 GENERAL caged macaques 141 Talking to animals 106 Double-tier caging of non-human 142 Mutual trust relationship with animals primates 146 Feelings in animals 107 Dealing with suture picking in 149 Crying at work non-human primates 151 Dealing with compassion fatigue 108 Treating depression in macaques 153 Job satisfaction 110 Dolls for single-caged macaques 112 Teasing among macaques 157 PHOTO CREDITS 113 Losing a friend CATS CATS I attempted to grab her with leather gloves. CATS CAN BE DIFFICULT TO WORK WITH. To create a safe work environment with WHAT’S THE BEST WAY TO APPROACH cats requires a lot of patience and genuine AND HANDLE THEM? compassion so they feel assured that they can trust you. We have received 10-month-old, rather fierce cats for a study; to say the least, some of them have not been properly—if at all— acclimated by the vendor. They are a mix of intact males and females, all single-housed with transparent partitions so they can see each other. These cats are growling, hissing and lashing out whenever you approach them. Our techs try to make friends with them; they gently talk to them and offer them baby food; they are doing their very best to first have them calm down before they get hold of them. When taking the cats from the cage, the techs only wear the Kevlar which is not as thick and scary. They wear leather and Kevlar gloves when they need to hold legs and block teeth during gavaging, but sometimes Agreed; gloves are the worst! even this doesn’t protect them. We have had so many bites with these cats; maybe the In addition to the advice about the gloves, techs are not used to such wild cats. We will keep in mind that in cat housing, the dynamics probably try Feliway spray for rotations. of the room will also affect how the animals behave. It’s important to pay attention to I’ve used Feliway in feline hospital settings and which cats are housed where and what their have found it tends to be hit and miss. It had a interactions are with each other. Is there a calming effect in some cases but not in others. lot of staring, flattening of ears, perhaps even growling and hissing between cats that can see Even our pet cat, who adopted us 17 years or smell each other? It’s always a good idea to ago and who allows me to do anything with transfer such animals to other locations where her that I deem necessary would growl and they cannot get into arguments with each probably even hiss and try to strike at me if other and cause uproar in the room. 2 3 CATS CATS Big towels are much better. Place them with determination but not abruptly over the cat; even if she’s swiping, you are safe and the animal is under your control. If towels are not allowed, use a lab coat—it’s thick, and you can don it backwards keeping your hands covered, and use the sleeves as a catch mechanism. Start working with the calmest cats in the room. If one frantic cat goes crazy, all the other cats will also freak out—just one low “rowwwww” is enough to excite everyone. So if there are those who are easy to handle, work with them first to avoid causing undue stress to the rest. Additionally, approach the animals slowly and calmly, and talk to them with a soft voice. Do not attempt to scruff or snatch a cat without slowly—not abruptly—offering a supportive hand. If the animal lashes, growls, spits or tries to bite, back off and get a towel or lab coat. I say this because once a cat My preferred method is to spend time knows that she can elicit fear in a human, she individually with the cats.
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