Digicate IAS
Digicate Telegram Channel
Compiled Content (April to July)
By V.V. Ronge Patil
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#Environment_Current
GreenDigicate New DealIAS (GND)
It is a proposed initiative of United States that aims to address climate change and economic inequality Name refers back to the New Deal, a set of social and economic reforms initiated by US President Franklin D. Roosevelt in response to the Great Depression(1929) Digicate IAS The Green New Deal combines Roosevelt’s economic approach with modern ideas such as renewable energy and resource efficiency
UN ClimateDigicate Action IASSummit - 2019 Held at the headquarters of the United Nations in New York City in September 2019. to further climate action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to prevent the mean global emperature from rising by more than 1.5 °C (2.7 °F) above pre industrial levels.
Race to Zero Campaign
Launched by UN ahead of delayed COP 26 Climate Talks. It aims to codify commitments made via the Climate Ambition Alliance (CAA). It encourages countries, companies, and other entities to deliver net-zero greenhouse-gas emission pledges by the time the
Climate Ambition Alliance
launched at the Climate Action Summit, New York in 2019. currently includes 120 nationsand others like regions, cities, businessesDigicate and investors. IAS led by Chile Other Leaders - UNFCCC, UK and High-Level Climate Champions. Digicate IAS Pinanga andamanensis
rare palm tree from Andaman island critically endangered species with only 600 specimens presently. generally grows in evergreen forests. used in preparing palm oil. Digicate IAS News - The species hasDigicate been brought IAS to Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute (JNTBGRI), Kerala to prevent its extinction.
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KURMA App
citizen science initiative launched for turtle conservation. provides a database to identify a species and also the location of the nearest rescue centre for turtles acrossDigicate the country IAS Developed by the Indian Turtle Conservation Action Network (ITCAN) in collaboration with the Turtle Survival Alliance-India and Wildlife Conservation Society-India
Okjokull glacier Digicate IAS
Location - Iceland It is 1st Icelandic glacier to lose its status as glacier. The glacierDigicate was officially IAS declared dead by Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO) Scientists warn that hundreds of other ice sheets on subarctic island risk the same fate. Iceland loses about 11 billion tonnes of ice/year. Scientists fear that all of island country’s 400-plus glaciers will be gone by 2200.
Decarbonizing Transport Project Emerging Economies (DTEE)
News : ecently, NITI Aayog and the International Transport Forum (ITF) launched it in India. Its a five-year project to develop a low-carbon transport system through the development of modelling tools and policies. It supports transport decarbonisation across different world regions. Participating countries - India, Argentina, Azerbaijan, and Morocco. - It is a collaborative project of the ITF and the Wuppertal Institute and International Climate Initiative (IKI) of the German Federal Ministry for the Environment Digicate IAS UN Climate Change Conference 2019 Held in MadridDigicate, Spain, in IASDecember 2019 under the presidency of the Chilean government. It was 25th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) the 15th meeting of the parties to the Kyoto Protocol (CMP15), Significant outcomes - agreement European Green Deal and Under the Climate Ambitious Coalition, 73 countries committed to net zero emissions by 2050,
National Adaptation Fund for Climate Change (NAFCC) Digicate IAS Digicate IAS Launched in 2015 NABARD is the National implementing entity
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100% central grant is provided to the State Governments for implementing climate change adaptation projects designed to fulfill the objectives of National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) Digicate IAS mHariyali App
The mobile application was launched by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs to encourage public engagement in planting trees and Green drives. People can now upload information/photos of any plantation done by Digicatethem IAS The application provides automatic geo–tagging of plants, hence enables periodically monitor the plantation.
Khadi andDigicate Village IndustriesIAS Commission (KVIC)
It is a statutory body established under the Khadi and Village Industries Commission Act of 1956. works under Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises. Objective - to plan, promote, facilitate, organise and assist in the establishment and development of khadi and village industries in the rural areas
REducing PLAstic in Nature (REPLAN) project
By Khadi and Village Industries Commission’s (KVIC) launched in September 2018 To remove existing waste plastic material from nature and use it in semi-permanent manner.
Under the project, KVIC manufactures plastic-mixed handmade paper. the waste plastic is collected, chopped, cleaned, beaten and treated for softness. Digicate IAS Ozone Layer Hole Over Arctic Closed
ReasonDigicate is the recent IAS polar vortex. ( andNot reduced pollution levels amidst Covid-19 lockdowns Ozone Hol It refers to a region in the stratosphere where the concentration of ozone becomes extremely low in certain months.
Polar vortex
It is a large area of low pressureDigicate and coldIAS air that surrounds both of Earth'sDigicate poles. IAS They always exist, but weakens during the summer and strengthen in the winter.
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Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN)
Project of Department of Biotechnology (DBT). singleDigicateportal data IAS provider on India’s bio resource - plant, animal, marine, spatial distribution and microbial resources. It will provide platform to the diverse data providers in a mutually sharable environment with full ownership protocols
Turtle Survival Alliance (TSA) Digicate IAS
formed in 2001 Based in USA. It is a globalDigicate partnership IAS Initiative of IUCN for Conservation of turtles and tortoises It was formed in response to the Asian Turtle Crisis (over-exploitation of Asian turtle populations to supply Chinese markets)
National Board for Wildlife
constituted under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 An apex body to review all wildlife-related matters and approve projects in and around national parks and wildlife sanctuaries. It is an advisory body on framing policies and measures for conservation of wildlife Composition chairman - Prime Minister vice-chairman - Minister of Environment Total Members - 47 Functions - To promote the conservation and development of wildlife and forests. to review all wildlife-related matters and approveprojects in and around national parks and sanctuaries. Its approval is mandatory for alternation of boundaries in national parksDigicate and wildlife IAS sanctuaries.
Dehing Patkai Wildlife Sanctuary Digicate IAS
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News -to be upgraded into a National Park - recently declared by Assam Govt Location - Assam declared as an Elephant Reserve in 1992 under Project Elephant Digicate declared as IAS a Wildlife Sanctuary in 2004 Important Fauna - Hoolock gibbon, Asian elephant, Bengal tiger, Indian leopard, gaur, Chinese pangolin, Himalayan black bear, Red giant flying squirrel Context - Recently seen in news due to protests against the Mininglicence grant given by National Board for Wild Life’s (NBWL) Digicate IAS
Conference of Parties(CoP)- 13 - Bonn Convention
Held in India in March 2020. ThemeDigicate - “Migratory IAS species connect the planet, and We welcome them home”. Mascot - Great Indian Bustard Logo: Kolam Art form of Southern India Highlights A draft resolution was presented by the European Union: EUROBATS Agreement- focuses on insect decline. The ‘State of India’s Birds Report 2020’ was released - 79% of Indian species of birds declined in population. 3 Migratory Mammals Targeted 1. Gobi Bear found in Gobi-desert of Mongolia Critically Endangered, IUCN Red List 2. Persian Leopards found in Iran, Afghanistan and Central Asia Endangered, IUCN Red List 3. Urials (Wild sheeps) Digicate IAS Found in Kazakhstan, Pakistan and India Vulnerable,Digicate IUCN IAS Red List
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Lonar Lake colour changed to Pin
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The salinity and algae can be responsible for this change. It is a craterDigicate lake IAS located in Maharashtra Notified as National Geo-heritage Monument created by an asteroid collision with earth impact during the Pleistocene Epoch It is a Saline lake.
Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020
It reports on the status and trends of the world’s forest resources. Report is released by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Findings : Forest area has declined all across the world in the past three decades. The world lost 178 mhaof forest since 1990, The rate of forest loss in 2015-2020 declined to an estimated 10 million hectares (mha), down from 12 million hectares (mha) in 2010-2015. Digicate IAS Gharial (Gavial)
Habitat - RiversDigicate with high IAS sand banks, used for basking and building nests. Found in - Girwa River, Chambal River, Ken River, Son River, Mahanadi River, Ramganga River. Threats: Hunting for skins, trophies and indigenous medicine, and their eggs collected for consumption, Decrease of riverine habitat as dams, barrages, irrigation canals and artificial embankments. siltation and sand-mining IUCN Red List - Critically EndangeredDigicate News IAS - Gharials are released in GhagharaDigicate river amid lockdown. IAS
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Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD)
It is a quantitative estimate of the amount of aerosol present in the atmosphere. Digicate easures the IAS extinction of a ray of light as it passes through the atmosphere. can be used as a proxy for surface PM2. 5 News - aerosol levels in northern India at the beginning of April were the lowest in 20 years. (Resason- Lockdown). Aerosols contribute significantly in DELHI-NCR Pollution.
Anthurium Digicate IAS
It is one of the best domestic flowering plants in the world. It purifies thesurrounding air and remove harmful airborne chemicals like formaldehyde, ammonia, toluene,Digicate xylene, and IAS allergens.. News D Vasini Bai, from Kerala, has developed 10 varieties of Anthurium. National Innovation Foundation-India (NIF) has facilitated large scale production of four highly demanded varieties through tissue culture technique at the Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (IIHR), Bangalore.
Colombo Declaration on Sustainable Nitrogen Management
In October 2019, the member states of the United Nations endorsed a Road Map for action on nitrogen challenges. It was organized by Sri Lanka with the support of the UN and its member nations. The aim of the Declaration is to halve nitrogen waste by 2030. Environment ministers and officials from more than 30 countries attended the event The event endorsed UN plans for a campaign called “Nitrogen for Life”. Digicate IAS NGT over COVID-19 Bio-Medical Waste disposal
Recently,Digicate National Green IAS Tribunal(NGT) has observed gaps in compliance of the Bio Medical Waste Management Rules, 2016, applicable to the disposal of waste generated out of handling CoVID-19 disease.
Futher NGT ruled that there is a need for revision of the guidelines for ‘Handling, Treatment and Disposal of Waste Generated during Treatment, Diagnosis, Quarantine of COVID-19 Patients’ issued by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) recently. Digicate IAS Digicate IAS
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Kaziranga National Park
Located in Assam 1974,Digicate declared IASas National Park under WPA-1972. 1985, received the status of UNESCO World Heritage Site. 2006, GoI declared as Tiger Reserve. Key Species - great one-horned rhinoceroses, Wild water buffalo, and swamp deer NEWS - Recent Assam flood has killed 108 animals, including One HornedDigicate Rhinos IAS Indian rhinoceros
Called as ‘great one-horned rhinoceros’ listed as VulnerableDigicate on IAS the IUCN Red List. Habitat - the alluvial Terai-Duar savanna, grasslands and riverine forest. Once ranged the entire stretch of the Indo-Gangetic Plain Threats Habitat Destruction, Poaching, frequent floods, hunting. Conservation listed in CITES Appendix I since 1975. Protected under WPA -1972.
National Financial Reporting Authority (NFRA)
Constituted in 2018 under the Companies Act, 2013. It is an independent regulator for enforcement of auditing standards so as to enhance investor and public confidence in financial disclosures of companies.
Composition: Chairperson - appointed by the Central Govt Digicate IAS Members - max 15 Functions -Digicate To Recommend IAS the centra govt on accounting and auditing policies and standards to be adopted by companies Monitor and enforce compliance with accounting standards and auditing standards It can probe listed companies and those unlisted public companies( paid-up capital of Rs 500 crore or annual turnover of at least Rs 1,000 crore.) It can also investigate professional misconduct committed by members of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) Digicate IAS Digicate IAS
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Digicate IAS MAINS 1000+ Digicate IAS (CSM 2020/21)
Digicate IAS Features #5MinRead Articles 500 Current Affairs Topics #1Min Revision Friendly Content
Content in Lucid @ Point Format simplifed Content
Mains 1000+ Digicate IAS
DigicateComprehensive IAS Data / Figures / Analysis Examples
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Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF)
It is a method of chemical-free agriculture, based on traditional Indian practices. OriginallyDigicate promoted IAS by agriculturist Subhash Palekar in 1990s as an alternative to Green revolution methodologies. It promotes the application of jeevamrutha — a mixture of fresh desi cow dung and aged desi cow urine, jaggery, pulse flour, water and soil. - This fermented microbial culture adds nutrients to the soil. It acts as a catalytic agent to promote the activity of microorganisms and earthworms in the soil. Digicate IAS
Significance farmers Digicatewill be relieved IAS from Debt Trap hence can reduce number of Farmers Suicides. Eco friendly practice, hence promotes Environmental conservation. Context- Finance Minister advocated its practice which has been highly successful in Karnataka.
Madhuban Gajar - Biofortified Carrot
developed by Shri Vallabhhai Vasrambhai Marvaniya, a farmer scientist from Gujarat. contains high β-carotene and iron content. Bio fortification?
It is the process of increasing nutritional value of food crops by increasing the density of vitamins and minerals in a crop through either conventional plant breeding; agronomic practices or biotechnology.
Locusts
short-horned grasshoppers high capacity to multiply, form groups, migrate over relatively large distancesDigicate (up to 150 IAS km in one day). poses a devastating threat to crops and food security. Four speciesDigicate of locusts areIAS found in India: Desert locust , Migratory locust, Bombay locust and Tree locust Locust Warning Organisation (LWO), Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, is responsible for monitoring, survey and control of Desert Locust in Scheduled Desert Areas mainly in Rajasthan and Gujarat. News- Desert Locust have arrived in Rajasthan, earlier than expected(June/July).
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Styrene gas
News - May 7, 2020, styrene gas leaked from LG Polymers plant near Visakhapatnam and killed many Digicatelives. IAS Highly poisonous and flammable gas used in the manufacturing of polystyrene plastics, fiberglass, ubber,r and latex. It’s also found in vehicle exhaust, cigarette smoke, natural foods(fruits and vegetables) Health impact - due to Exposure respiratory problems, irritation in the eyes, irritation in the mucous Digicatemembrane, and IAS gastrointestinal issues. In Long term, It could also lead to cancer and depression in some cases.qq
LaCONESDigicate IAS
(Laboratory for the Conservation Of Endangered Species)
@Hyderabad - under CSIR’s Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB) It is India’s only facility for conservation of endangered species using modern biotechnology News - Recently, LaCONES has helped Amrabad Tiger Reserve (Telangana), to restore the population of Mouse Deer.
Under2 Coalition
a coalition of subnational governments to achieve greenhouse gases emissions mitigation. Started in 2015, in USA(California) Members - about 220 worldwide
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#Environment_Basics
Lion-tailed Macaque Digicate IAS
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- Also called as wanderoo - endemic to the Rainforests of the Western Ghats - Found in 3-States - Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Kerala. - Population about 3,500 individuals, fragmented into 49 sub-populations. - IUCN Red List Status - Endangered - They only eat fruit and insects. - They have a unimale-multifemale social system. Threats - Illegal hunting, accidents due to electrocution and run over by vehicles
Red panda
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Digicate IAS called as red cat bear It is a small arboreal mammal Found in India, Nepal, Bhutan, northern Myanmar and southern China. Habitat - mixed deciduous and coniferous forests with dense bamboo (2,200-4,800m height mountains) India - found in Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya and Darjeeling district of West Bengal. IUCN Red List Status - EndangeredDigicate IAS Digicate IAS It is Protected under Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.
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Man and the Biosphere Programme (MAB)
It is an intergovernmental scientific programme, launched in 1971 by UNESCO. Digicate aims to establish IAS a scientific basis for the improvement of relationships between people and their environments. It maintains the World Network of Biosphere Reserves (WNBR), a dynamic and interactive network of sites. It works to foster the harmonious integration of people and nature for sustainable development through, Digicate IAS 1. participatory dialogue and knowledge sharing, 2. poverty reduction, 3. human well-being 4. respectDigicate for cultural IAS values and 5. by improving society’s ability to cope with climate change.
Indian Gaur (Indian bison)
It is native to South and Southeast Asia. Digicate IAS largest in the family of wild cattle and is a grazing animal Protected under the Wild Life Protection Act, 1972, Schedule I IUCN statusDigicate - Vulnerable IAS Habitat - evergreen forests / semi-evergreen/moist deciduous forest Found mainly in Western Ghats and surroundings in southern India , in particular in the Wayanad – Nagarhole – Mudumalai – Bandipur complex.
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Great Indian Bustard
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It is a large bird with a horizontal body and long bare legs (ostrich like appearance) This bird is among the heaviest of the flying birds. They are Digicateoften found associated IAS in the same habitat as blackbuc Naturally Found in - Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan Population: about 150 individuals worldwide and largest populations are found in Rajasthan. Conservation Status: It is Listed in- Schedule I of Indian Wildlife (Protection)Act, 1972 and Bonn Convention Appendix I of CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) IUCN Red List- as Critically Endangered
Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS)
An initiative by the Food and Agriculture Organisation(FAO). to safeguard and support the world’s agricultural heritage systems. They are outstanding landscapes of aesthetic beauty constituting agricultural biodiversity, resilient ecosystems and a valuable cultural heritage. 3 GIAHS sites in India: Digicate IAS 1. Kuttanad Below Sea Level Farming System of Kerala. 2. KoraputDigicate Traditional Agriculture IAS of Odisha. 3. Pampore Saffron Heritage of Kashmir.
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Gangetic Dolphins
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National Aquatic Animal of India KnownDigicate as Su Su or IAS Blind dolphin found in Ganges and Brahmaputra Rivers and their tributaries in India, Bangladesh, and Nepal Uses Biosonar for communication Threats Entanglement in fishing nets as bycatch Hunting for oil and meat Poisoning from industrial and agricultural chemicals Building of more than 50 dams along many rivers Conservation Efforts comes under Wildlife Protection Act 1972 - Schedule 1 IUCN Red List status - Engdangered Protected under CITES Convention - Appendix 1 Declared as City Animal for Guwahati Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary in Bihar - India’s only sanctuary for the Gangetic dolphin Digicate IAS Aerosol Tiny solidDigicate and liquid IAS particles suspended in the atmosphere are called aerosols. Examples - Windblown dust, sea salts, volcanic ash, smoke from wildfires, pollutents from factories etc Depending upon their size, type, and location, aerosols can either cool the surface, or warm it.
Symbiosis It is any type of a close andDigicate long-term biological IAS interaction between two differentDigicate biological IAS organisms, be it mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic.
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Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund
Its global programme to provide financial and technical assistance to NGOs, to protect critical ecosystems,likeDigicate IAS biodiversity hotspots. Launched in 2000. A joint biodiversity conservation initiative of World Bank, l’Agence Française de Développement, Conservation International, EU, Global Environment Facility and Japan.
Biodiversity Hotspots Digicate IAS
It is a biogeographic region with significant levels ofbiodiversity that is threatened by human habitation. Concept Digicateby Norman Myers IAS Criteria - 1. Must contain at least 0.5% or 1,500 species of endemic plants 2. Loss of at least 70% of its primary vegetation Globally 34 hotspots - designated by Conservation International, covers about 2.3% of the world. 4 Hotspots in India 1. Himalaya 2. Indo-Burma - North-eastern India, except Assam and Andaman group of Islands. 3. Sundalands: Nicobar group of Islands 4. Western Ghats
Climate Funds and Initiatives- Part 1
World Bank 1. Clean Technology Fund 2. Green Climate Fund Digicate IAS 3. Forest Carbon Partnership facility 4. BioCarbon Fund 5. Climate DigicateInvestment Fund IAS 6. trategic Climate Fund 7. Partnership for Market Readiness 8. Carbon Partnership facility Remaining List of 7 Biosphere Reserves (Not being on WNBR) (Name - State ) 1. Manas (Assam) Digicate IAS Digicate IAS 2. Dihang-Dibang (Arunachal Pradesh) 3. Dibru-Saikhowa ( Assam)
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4. Cold Desert (Himachal Pradesh ) 5. Seshachalam Hills (Andhra Pradesh) 6. Great Rann of Kutch ( Gujrat) Digicate7. Panna IAS(Madhya Pradesh )
Biosphere Reserves in India
11of the 18 biosphere reserves in India are part of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves. List of Eleven ( Name - State - Year of Declaration) Digicate IAS 1. Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka- 2000) 2. Gulf of Mannar (Tamil Nadu - 2001) 3. Sundarbans (West Bengal - 2001) 4. NandaDigicate Devi (Uttarakhand IAS - 2004) 5. Nokrek (Meghalaya - 2009) 6. Pachmarhi (Madhya Pradesh-2009) 7. Simlipal (Odisha-2009) 8. Great Nicobar (Andaman & Nicobar Islands-2013) 9. Achanakmar-Amarkantak (Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh 2012) 10. Agasthyamalai (Kerala and Tamil Nadu-2016) 11. Khangchendzonga (Sikkim - 2018) Ramsar sites (Wetlands) in India 1. Kolleru Lake ,Andhra Pradesh 2. Deepor Beel, Assam 3. Nalsarovar Bird Sanctuary, Gujarat 4. Chandertal Wetland, Himachal Pradesh 5. Pong Dam Lake, Himachal Pradesh 6. Renuka Wetland, Himachal Pradesh Digicate IAS 7. Hokera Wetland, Jammu & Kashmir 8. Surinsar-Mansar Lakes, Jammu & Kashmir 9. Tsomoriri,Digicate Jammu & KashmirIAS 10. Wular Lake, Jammu & Kashmir 11. Ashtamudi Wetland, Kerala 12. Sasthamkotta Lake, Kerala 13. Vembanad-Kol Wetland, Kerala 14. Bhoj Wetland, Madhya Pradesh 15. Nandur Madhameshwar, Maharashtra Digicate IAS 16. Loktak Lake, Manipur Digicate IAS
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17. Bhitarkanika Mangroves, Orissa 18. Chilika Lake, Orissa 19. Harike Lake, Punjab 20. Kanjli,Digicate Punjab IAS 21. Ropar, Punjab 22. Keshopur-Miani Community Reserve, Punjab 23. Nangal Wildlife Sanctuary, Punjab 24. Beas Conservation Reserve, Punjab Digicate IAS 25. SambharLake, Rajasthan 26. Keoladeo National Park, Rajasthan 27. Point Calimere Wildlife and Bird Sanctuary, Tamil Nadu 28. RudrasagarDigicate Lake, Tripura IAS 29. Upper Ganga River, Uttar Pradesh 30. Saman Bird Sanctuary, Uttar Pradesh 31. Samaspur Bird Sanctuary, Uttar Pradesh 32. Sandi Bird Sanctuary, Uttar Pradesh 33. Sarsai Nawar Jheel, Uttar Pradesh 34. Nawabganj Bird Sanctuary, Uttar Pradesh 35. Parvati Arga Bird Sanctuary, Uttar Pradesh 36. East Calcutta Wetlands, West Bengal 37. Sundarban Wetland West Bengal
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Revision Tests 2020
Total Tests - 30 Crisp Solution - 30 Remarks / MCQ Solution techniques
Quick Revisions through Tests Just Practice Before D-Day
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#SnTCurrents
ASTHROS Mission Digicate IAS Astrophysics Stratospheric Telescope for High Spectral Resolution Observation as Sub millimetre wavelengths. Launched by NASA large balloons will be sent from Antarctica in December 2023 into stratosphere. It will observe air currents above the continent Digicate IAS observe wavelengths of invisible light from the earth. The balloon has a telescope, sub systems, science instruments, electronic systems and cooling systems. Balloon isDigicate to be inflated IAS with Helium
Applications
It will study giant stars and their formation in the Milky Way Galaxy. The mission for the first time will detect and map the presence of two specific types of nitrogen ions. These ions will help to reveal places where winds from supernova explosions of massive stars helped to reshape the gas clouds
P-8I Aircrafts
It is a military aircraft developed and produced by US company Boeing It can be operated in the anti-submarine warfare (ASW), anti-surface warfare (ASUW), and shipping interdiction roles. It is armed with torpedoes, Harpoon anti-ship missiles and other weapons, and is able to drop and monitor sonobuoys. News India would receive Four P-8I aircrafts in 2021 Digicate IAS
Herd immunityDigicate ( Herd effect/social IAS immunity)
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It is a form of indirect protection from infectious disease When a large percentage of a population becomes immune to an infection, through vaccination or previous infections, it breaks the chain of transmission. Digicate Thus protects IAS Non-immune individuals and stops the spread of a disease. Herd immunity does not apply to all diseases, just those that are contagious
PRAGYATA guidelines
developed by Ministry of Human Resource and Development. Digicate IAS focuses on digital education or online education. It will mainly help students who are presently at home due to COVID-19 Lockdown. It includeeight steps of online learning. They are Plan, Review, Guide, Arrange, Talk, Assign, Track and Appreciate.Digicate IAS It provides suggestions to school heads, administrators, parents, teachers in the following 1. on planning digital education. This includes screen time, duration, inclusiveness, balanced online and offline activities. 2. Physical and mental health wellbeing during digital education. 3. Cyber safety
Sowa-Rigpa
It commonly known as Tibetan system of medicine It is also dubbed as Science of healing. It is one of the oldest, Living and well documented medical tradition of the world. It has been originated from Tibet and popularly practice in India, Nepal, Bh utan, China, Mongolia and Russia. In India, it is widely practice in Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Darjeeling (West Bengal), Dharamsala, Lahaul and Spiti (Himachal Pradesh) and Ladakh (UT). Digicate IAS NASA’s Voyager 2 Reaches Interstellar Space Digicate IAS It was launched to study the outer solar system up close. NASA’s Voyager 2 has exited heliosphere and has entered interstellar space. The spacecraft joined its twin voyager 1 on December 10, 2018. Voyager 2 is the first spacecraft to study all four planets together. It includes Jupiter, Neptune, Saturn and Uranus It is the first spacecraft that discovered 14th moon of Jupiter. Digicate IAS It is the first human-madeDigicate object to fly IASby Neptune Voyager 2 also discovered 5 moons of Neptune. It identifieda “Great Dark Spot” at Neptune. Also the spacecraft discovered that there are four rings around Neptune.
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Airborne transmission of COVID-19 WHO new guidelines
Airborne transmission can occur in health care settings where specific medical procedures generate veryDigicate small droplets IAS aerosols. Understanding how SARS-CoV-2 virus spreads between people is critical for developing effective measures on infection prevention to break chains of transmission. Transmission occurs primarily through direct, indirect, or close contact with infected individuals through their saliva and respiratory secretions, or through their respiratory droplets expelled when they cough, sneeze, talk or sing. Digicate IAS
Kisanrath
It is an appDigicate launched byIAS the Department of Agriculture, Cooperation and Farmers Welfare. Developed by the National Informatics Centre. To facilitate transport facilities for the movement of farm produce during the lock down. It will ensure seamless supply linkages between farmers, FPOs, APMC mandis and intra-state and inter-state buyers.
winter diesel
It is a specialised fuel introduced by Indian Oil Corp. Ltd. for high altitude and low-temperature regions. Ordinary diesel becomes unusable in these regions. It contains additives to maintain lower viscosity and can be used in temperatures as low as -30°C It has lower sulphur content, which would lead to lower deposits in engines and better performance.
Drug Discovery Hackathon 2020
Its a national initiative for supporting drug discovery process. ParticipantsDigicate professionals, IAS faculty, researchers and students from varied fields like ComputerScience, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Medical Sciences, BasicDigicate Sciences IAS and Biotechnology. It is a joint initiative of MHRD’s Innovation Cell (MIC), AICTE, CSIR, CDAC, M yGov as well as private players. It consists of three Tracks. Track 1 - deals with drug design for anti-COVID-19 hit/lead generation. Track 2 will deal with designing/optimizing new tools and algorithms for expediting the process of in silico drug discovery. Digicate IAS Track 3 - “Moon shot” - dealsDigicate with problems IAS which are ‘out of the box’ nature.
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Silico drug design
Its a ‘computer-aided molecular design’. Digicate discovery ofIAS drugs using computational methods and employing bioinformatics tools.
Elyments Application
Made in India, Social Media super App developed by Sumeru Software Solutions Private Limited Digicate IAS designed by combining the best and popular features of commonly used social media applications. available in 8 Indian languages News Recently launched by Vice President of India. Digicate IAS G4 Virus
G4 EA H1N1 is a swine influenza virus strain discovered in China swine farms. The virus is a variant genotype 4 (G4) Eurasian avian-like (EA) H1N1virus that mainly affects pigs. Recent studies have noted that G4 EA H1N1 viruses possess all the essential hallmarks of being highly adapted to infect humans and create a pandemic. Virus can efficiently infect ferrets viaaerosol transmission, causing severe clinical symptoms in them like sneezing, wheezing, coughing
Favipiravir
It is an oral antiviral drug approved for the treatment of influenza. It selectively inhibits RNA polymerase, which is necessary for viral replication. Hence, it controls spreading of virus in the body. Context - Recently, India approved FabiFlu Drug with Favipiravir as Content for treatment of COVID-19 ( For Patients with mild to moderate conditions.) Digicate IAS
IFLOWS-MumbaiDigicate IAS
It is an Integrated Flood Warning System It is a joint initiative between the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) and Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC). Mumbai is only the second city in the country after Chennai to get this system. It can alert people of possible flood-prone areas anywhere between 6 to 72 hours in advance. Digicate IAS Digicate IAS
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Coro-bot
It’s a Internet-controlled robot designed specifically to address the needs of hospitals treating COVID-19Digicate patients. IAS It can independently dispenses food, water, beverages, medicines – and even some good advice to Corona patients without the needs for nurses, ward staff. Developed by Pratik Tirodkar, founder of a start-up PNT Solutions, Dombivali.
Magnetocaloric materials Digicate IAS
These materials getswarmer on the application magnetic field and get cool on removal. e.g. Gadolinium Some alloysDigicate made of Gadolinium, IAS Germanium, Silicon, Manganese, Iron, Phosphorous and Arsenic News : International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials (ARCI), Under Department of Science and Technology (DST) has developed a rare-earth-based magnetocaloric material that can be effectively used for cancer treatment.
Congo - new Ebola epidemic
Ebola Virus Disease (EVD), was formerly known as Ebola haemorrhagic fever- Virus causes severe bleeding, organ failure and can lead to death. Transmission - Animal to Human and then Human to human spread among humans is through contact with bodily fluids such as blood. experimental Ebola vaccine is called rVSV-ZEBOV 5G Club - 10 D News - Recently, UK has proposed creating a 5G club of10 Democracies, amidst growing security concerns related to Chinese telecom giant Huawei. D10 includes G7 countries – UK, US, Italy, Germany, France, JapanDigicate and Canada IAS – plus Australia, South Korea and India. It will aim to create alternative suppliers of 5G equipment and other technologies to avoid relying on China. Digicate IAS
Askaryan effect
phenomenon whereby a particle traveling faster than the velocity of light in a dense dielectric (such as salt or ice) produces secondary charged particles. News - AIIB has approved US$ 500 million for ‘Covid-19 Emergency ResponseDigicate and Health Systems IAS Preparedness Project’ initiatedDigicate by India. IAS
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Project
Covers the entire India and addresses the needs of infected people, at-risk populations, medical and Digicateemergency IAS personnel and service providers, medical and testing facilities, and national and animal health agencies. Implemented by National Health Mission (NHM), the National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) and Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR).
Atulya Digicate IAS
It is a microwave steriliser that can disintegrate and kill the novel coronavirus. Developed by Defence Institute of Advanced Technology (DIAT), under DRDO. VirusDigicate gets disintegrated IAS by differential heating in the range of 56 degrees to 60 degrees Celsius
Panchayat Enterprise Suite
By Ministry of Panchayati Raj (MoPR) It is e-Panchayat Mission Mode Project (e-Panchayat MMP) Launched to introduce and strengthen e-Governance in Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) a suite of 11 Core Common Applications has been deployed address nearly the entire spectrum of Panchayats’ functioning like Planning, Monitoring, Budgeting, Accounting, Social Audit etc.
ANASIS II
South Korea’s military satellite to defend itself against nuclear armed North Korea. The satellite is to be placed at an orbit of 36,000 km. 10th country in the world to have its own military communication satellite. It will help to increase South Korean independent military operations.Digicate IAS
Drugs ControllerDigicate General IAS of India
under Ministry of Health and Family Welfare responsible to clear the drugs for medicinal treatments Operates within the department of Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) to approve licenses of drugs, vaccines, IV fluids. It acts as appellate authority in case of dispute regarding quality of drugs. It prepares and maintainsDigicate national reference IAS standard. Digicate IAS News - National Task Force on COVID-19 recently decided against using Itolizumab in clinical management protocols on COVID-19.
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TIDE 2.0
Its an Software Product Registry and selected Incubation centres under Technology Incubation DevelopmentDigicate forIAS Entrepreneurs 2.0 (TIDE 2.0). It promotes Technology Entrepreneurships. TIDE 2.0 is aimed at strengthening nearly 2000 technology based startups in areas of national concern. Digicate IAS
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eCovSens
It is a biosensor that can detect the novel coronavirus in saliva samples. developed by National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Hyderabad.Digicate IAS It consists of a carbon electrode and the coronavirus antibody. An electricalDigicate signal is generated IAS when the antigen and antibody binds. Gives result in just 30 seconds.
Kisan Sabha App
Developed by CSIR-Central Road Research Institute (CSIR-CRRI), New Delhi. to connect farmers to the supply chain and freight transportation management system. It aims to provide the most Digicateeconomical IASand timely logistics support to theDigicate farmers amidst IAS the Cobid-19 pandemic. It also intends to increase the profit margins for farmers by minimizing interference of middlemen.
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PRACRITI
PRACRITI = PRediction and Assessment of CoRona Infections and Transmission in India Digicate a web-based IAS dashboard for predicting the spread of Covid-19. Developed by IIT Delhi. It gives detailed state-wise and district-wise predictions of Covid-19 cases.
e-Raktkosh Digicate IAS It is a Portal for maintaining real-time information on the status of stocks of blood groups. Launched in Apr 2020, by Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. It is a Centralized Blood Bank Management System. Digicate IAS Cosmic Yeti Galaxy
University of Arizona(USA) Scientists have discovered traces of a big galaxy called as ‘Cosmic Yeti’ in early universe 12.5 billion light years away The galaxy is producing stars at a rate 100 times faster than our own. Some of the biggest galaxies in early universe matured extremely quickly. The discovery provides new insights into the first growing stepsof some of biggest galaxies in universe.
COVSACK
It is CoVID-19 Sample Collection Kiosk. developed by DRDO A patient walks into the Kiosk cabin and a health care professional from outside the cabin collects samples with oral swabs. Digicate IAS
Significance Digicate IAS Speedy sample collection, the system is ready in less than 2 minutes for the next use. cost effective (about 1 lakh per system) system is safe to use.
James Webb Space Telescope
successor to the ‘HubbleTelescopeDigicate’ IAS Digicate IAS scheduled to launch into space in March 2021. Funded by NASA in conjunction with the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Canadian Space
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Agency (CSA) Has ability to observe distant objects. will explore the cosmos, planets and moons within our solar system. It Digicatewill also explore IAS the most ancient and distant galaxies using infrared light. It will also have the power to analyse the atmospheres of many new planets, for the potential for life.
Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence (GPAI)
It’s a multistakeholder initiative involving govts, industry, civil society, andDigicate academia. IAS Other Founding members- USA, UK, EU, Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Ita ly, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, Republic of Korea, Singapore Objective - support the responsible and human-centric development and use of AI, Focus Digicateis on human IAS rights, inclusion, diversity, innovation, and economic growth. The Secretariat, is to be hosted by Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) in Paris. News - Recently, India joined as a founding member.
Vyommitra
Digicate IAS
It is a femaleDigicate looking spacefaring IAS humanoid robot, I.S.R.O. will send it in the unmanned Gaganyaan Spacecraft. It is an artificial intelligence-based robotic system to mimic crew activity inside the crew module of Gaganyaan. It will also accompany Indian astronauts in space missions. It can speak Hindi and English Digicate IAS Digicate IAS
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THAAD
Terminal High Altitude Area Defense. Digicate It’s aanti-ballistic IAS missile defense system designed and manufactured by the US. Deployment in - South Korea, the UAE, Guam, Israel and Romania It can shoot down short, medium, and intermediate range ballistic missiles in their terminal phase (descent or reentry) by intercepting them. News-China is opposing the THAAD defence systems in South Korea.Digicate IAS Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna (ANITA)
It is a radio telescope to detect ultra-high energy cosmic-ray neutrinos from a scientific balloon flying over DigicateAntarctica IAS Designed by NASA It detects the radio pulses emitted by neutrinos interactions with the Antarctic ice sheet. Neutrinos produce radio pulses in the ice because of the Askaryan effect. News - ANITA has found high-energy particles erupting from the ice Antarctica which could be proof of a parallel universe.
(CERT-In)
Indian Computer Emergency Response Team Formed - 2004 Headquarter - New Delhi It is an office within the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology. It is the nodal agency to deal with cyber security threats like hacking and phishing.
Functions
Collection, analysis and dissemination of information on cyber incidents.Digicate IAS Alert on cyber security incidents Take EmergencyDigicate measures IAS against cyber security incidents Issue guidelines, advisories etc relating to information security practices.
EventBot
A new mobile banking malware - Trojan horse It steals personal and sensitive information especially Financial data. Recently CERT-In has issuedDigicate warning IASagainst it(for Android Users). Digicate IAS Trojan virus enters a device by cheating the user into believing that it is a software(like MS Word) the user needs.
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ASTRA Missiles
News - India to increase the range of ASTRA missiles. It Digicateis Beyond-visual-range IAS all-weather air-to-air missile developed by DRDO. first air-to-air missile developed by India. Current Target Range up to 110 k Planned Range would be 160km Speed - Mach 4.7 They are integrated with Sukhoi Su-30 MKI aircrafts. Digicate IAS There are also plans to integrate the missiles with other aircrafts like Dassault, MiG-29, HAL Tejas.
Spike LR Missiles Digicate IAS Recently, Indian Army successfully test fired these missiles at Mhow(MP) 4th generation Anti-Tank missiles with Fire and forget capability Target Range up to 4 km. India - 33rd country in the world to have Spike missile. developed by Israel. India acquired them through transfer of technology. It is man-portable and has its own vehicle-launch and helicopter-launch variants.
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Cartostat-3
Its a imaging and mapping, third generation Earth observation satellite Launched by ISRO from Sriharikota in November 2019. Launch Vehicle - PSLV-C47, set into Sun Synchronous Orbit Features of the satellite Panchromatic-CapturesDigicate all visible IAS colors of light Hyperspectral-CapturesDigicate light from IAS electromagnetic spectrum. Multispectral-Captures light within specific ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum.
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Chitra GeneLAMP-N
It is a diagnostic test kit that can confirm COVID19 in 2 hours at low cost. Digicate developed IAS by Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, an Institute of National Importance, of the Department of Science and Technology (DST). The test detects the N Gene of SARS- COV2 using reverse transcriptase loop-mediated amplification of viral nucleic acid (RT-LAMP)
RT-LAMP Digicate IAS
It is a technique for the amplification of RNA. It is used in the detection of viruses. In this method, a DNA copy of the viral RNA is generated by reverse transcriptase, and then isothermal amplificationDigicate is carried IAS out to increase the amount of tota l DNA.
MK 54 Lightweight Torpedo
News - US govt has approved its Sale to India MK 54 lightweight torpedo was known as the Lightweight Hybrid Torpedo (LHT). It weighs around 608 pounds, while its warhead weighs around 96.8 pounds and is highly explosive. These torpedoes are used by surface ships, fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters and are primary anti-submarine warfare weapon.
Tianwen 1
It is China’s first successful Mars probe (launched recently) Objectives To orbit the red planet for comprehensive observation To land on Martian soil and send a rover to roam around the landing site To conduct investigations into geological structure, atmosphere, environment,Digicate soil IAS and water of Mars Yinghuo-1(2011) - China’s first failed Mars Mission. SuccessfulDigicate Mars Missions IAS by : US, Russia, India and European Union Mission Mangalyaan of India was Asia’s first successful Mars mission.
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Positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus (or (+)ssRNA virus)
It is a virus that uses positive sense single stranded RNA as its genetic material. SingleDigicate stranded IAS RNA viruses are classified as positive or negative depending on the sense or polarity of the RNA. The positive-sense viral RNA genome can serve as messenger RNA and can be translated into protein in the host cell.
‘StrandHogg’ Bug Digicate IAS
It’s a Software Bug in Android operating system. This bug allows real-time malware applications to pose as genuine applications and are able to access user dataDigicate of all kind. IAS
NASA’s Voyager 2 Reaches Interstellar Space
NASA’s Voyager 2 has exited heliosphere and has entered interstellar space. The spacecraft joined its twin voyager 1 on December 10, 2018. The Voyagers were launched to study the outer solar system up close. Voyager 2 is the first spacecraft to study all four planets together. It includes Jupiter, Neptune, Saturn and Uranus It is the first spacecraft that discovered 14th moon of Jupiter. It is the first human-made object to fly by Neptune Voyager 2 also discovered 5 moons of Neptune. It identified a “Great Dark Spot” at Neptune. Also the spacecraft discovered that there are four rings around Neptune.
“Bharat Padhe Online”
campaign by Union Ministry of HRD Digicate IAS for crowd sourcing of ideas for improving online education ecosystem of India. Digicate IAS Nanopharmaceuticals
It is defined as a pharmaceutical preparation containing nanomaterials intended for internal use or external application on a human for the purpose of herapeutics,t diagnostics and health benefits.
Nanomaterial Digicate IAS Digicate IAS It is defined as material having a particle size in the range of 1 to 100 nm in at least one dimension.
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Nano-formulations
They are not entirely new drugs but medicines that have better quality because of the technology-led Digicatedelivery mechanisms IAS that are used to make its administration in the body more effective.
Milk Tea Alliance
An informal term refers to an online democratic solidarity movement made up of netizens from Thailand, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. Digicate IAS It arose in response to the increased presence of Chinese trolls and nationalist commentators on social media.
Social DigicateVaccine IAS
It stands for social and behavioural measures used by governments to raise public consciousness about unhealthy situations. It is done through Social Mobilization Example - CoVID -19 pandemic - advocacy for social distancing, use of Masks etc. It was highly successful in controlling the pandemic of HIV/AIDS.
Zoonosis
It is an infectious disease caused by a pathogen( bacteria, viruses, parasites, etc), originated from animals (usually vertebrates) Examples CoVID-19, Ebola, Swine Flu etc EPIDEMI : It is a disease that affects a large number of people within a community, population, or region. PANDEMIC is an epidemic that’s spread over multiple countries orDigicate continents. IAS ENDEMIC is something that belongs to a particular people or country. OUTBREAKDigicate : It is aIAS greater-than-anticipated increase in the number of endemic cases. Pool Testing
It refers to screening of a pooled sample from 2 or more individuals .Individual patients are screened only if the pool tests positive. All individual samples in a negative pool are regarded as negative. Significance -Speeding Up tests Cost savings In News- RecentlyDigicate ICMR IAS has approved pool testing for a poolDigicate of 5 individuals. IAS
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Blood Plasma Therapy for COVID-19
Technically called “convalescent-plasma therapy” It Digicateuses the immune IAS power gained by a recovered person to treat a sick person. Blood serum from the person who has recovered from CoVID-19, rich in antibodies, is then administered to a COVID-19 patient. antibodies? They are a Specifictype of proteins secreted by immune cells called B lymphocytes when they encounter an invader, such as a novel coronavirus. Digicate IAS They identify and mark the invading virus and White blood cells gets rid of the infection.
Contact TracingDigicate Technology IAS Contact tracing is the process of identifying, assessing, and managing people, exposed to a disease to prevent onward transmission. Technology by Google and Apple. Working COVID-19 patients would have to declare their status to the respective apps voluntarily. following this, all people whose Android/iOS smartphones were detected nearby such patients, would get notified. Bluetooth-based technology feature wouldmake it work without downloading an app.
India’s Nuclear Energy Programme
The nuclear energy programme in India was launched around the time of independence under the leadership of Homi J. Bhabha. Objective: To provide safe and reliable electric power for the country’s social and economic progress and to be self reliant in all aspects of nuclear technology. India has adopted a three stage strategy of nuclear power generation: Stage 1Pressurised Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR): The PHWR is a pressure tube type reactor using heavy water (D2O) moderator,Digicate heavy IAS water coolant and natural uranium dioxide fuel. Stage 2 FastDigicate Breeder Reactor IAS (FBR): India’s second stage of nuclear power generation uses the Pu-239 obtained from the first stage reactor operation,as the main fissile element of fuel core in fast breeder reactors (FBR). Stage 3 Thorium based Reactor: Thorium utilization is the long term objective of the Indian Nuclear Power Programme. In this stage Breeder reactors are based on Thorium- Uranium-233 cycle. Digicate IAS Digicate IAS
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Cosmic Rays
Cosmic Rays are atom fragments that rain down on the surface of the earth from the outer space. DigicateAtom fragments IAS such as protons (positively charged particles), electrons (negatively charged particles) and atomic nuclei. They travel at the speed of light. The study on Cosmic rays carry source of information about the origin of the universe. In 2017, a team of scientists found a void at the The Great Pyramid of Giza using cosmic rays. They may create electronics problems in satellites and other machinery.Digicate IAS
India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO)
It is aDigicate particle physics IAS research project under construction to study atmospheric neutrinos. It is located at Pottipuram(Bodi West Hills) - Tamil Nadu. Iron Calorimeter (ICAL) detector is being set up to observe naturally occurring atmospheric neutrinos in a underground tunnel of 2 km length. This will help to reduce the noise from cosmic rays that are ever present over-ground. Tata Institute of Fundamental Research is the nodal institution in the project.
COVISHIELD Vaccine
Developed by Oxford University and AstraZeneca Recently, Central Drugs Standard Control Organization allowed clinical trials(Phase 3) in India. Other Vaccines for CoVID-19 in the Race 1. COVAXIN - developed by Bharat Biotech and ICMR 2. CanSino - developed by the Chinese firm Casino Biologistics 3. BNT162 - developed by German biotech firm. Digicate IAS International Space Station (ISS)
It is a habitableDigicate artificial IAS satellite in Low Earth orbit(average altitude 400km). Launched in 1998 It is a joint project between five space agencies: NASA (USA), Roscosmos (Russia), JAXA (Japan), ESA (Europe), and CSA (Canada). ISS serves as a microgravity and space environment research laboratory in which crew members conduct experiments in biology, human biology, physics, astr onomy, meteorology, and other fields. It is used for testing of spacecraft systems and equipment required for missions to the Moon and Mars. Digicate IAS Digicate IAS
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Crew Dragon Demo-2 Mission
crewed spaceflight to the International Space Station(2 Astronauts would fly). ToDigicate be launched IAS on 27th May 2020 jointly by NASA and SpaceX. Launch Rocket-Falcon-9 Commercial Crew Programme It’s for sending astronauts to International Space Station administered by NASA. Under the programme, the private vendors operate crew vehicles to carry astronauts to the International Space Station. Digicate IAS Demo-1 It was aUnmanned Space flight launched in March 2019. It was also a part of Commercial Crew Programme Digicate IAS DARKNET
It refers to the deep hidden internet platform that can only be accessed with specific software, configurations, or authorization. With its end-to-end encryption, darknet is very tough to crack when it comes to investigating criminal activities. USAGE
1. Narcotics and drug trade. 2. Cyber crime (cracking, file corruption, etc.) 3. File sharing (personal files, pornography, illegal or counterfeit software, etc.) 4. To protect the privacy rights of citizens from targeted and mass surveillance 5. Sale of restricted goods on darknet markets 6. Whistleblowing and news leaks In News - The Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB) has arrested the country’sDigicate first IAS ‘darknet’ narcotics operative.
YASH ProgrammeDigicate IAS
Launched by the Department of Science and Technology. YASH is the Year of Awareness on Science and Health. The awareness is being created to focus on COVID-19 The programme will include health, science and risk communication software, audio-visual, folk performances, digital platforms and communicators to address the challenges. Digicate IAS The programme is to be launchedDigicate in regional IAS languages.
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Pool Testing
It refers to screening of a pooled sample from 2 or more individuals .Individual patients are Digicate screened only IAS if the pool tests positive. All individual samples in a negative pool are regarded as negative. Significance Speeding Up tests Cost savings In News- Recently ICMR has approved pool testing for a pool of 5 individuals.Digicate IAS Blood Plasma Therapy for COVID-19 Technically called “convalescent-plasma therapy” It uses the immune power gained by a recovered person to treat a sick person. BloodDigicate serum from IAS the person who has recovered from CoVID-19, rich in antibodies, is then administered to a COVID-19 patient. antibodies? They are a Specifictype of proteins secreted by immune cells called B lymphocytes when they encounter an invader, such as a novel coronavirus. They identify and mark the invading virus and White blood cells gets rid of the infection.
Spy Satellite - RISAT-2BR1
launched by ISRO in Dec 2019 radar imaging reconnaissance satellite carried by PSLV-C48. The launch marked 50th successful mission of PSLV rocket and 75th launch vehicle mission from Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota.
Gaganyan: India’s first Human Space Mission Digicate IAS
first human spaceflight mission into the space in December 2021. By ISRO SpacecraftDigicate will orbit theIAS Earth for seven days to a height of 350-400 km above the Earth. Features Four Indian Air Force Pilots are to participate in the mission. It would comprise an effective crew escape system and ejection provisions for the pilots in case of rocket explosion. GSLV Mk-III launch vehicle will be used to launch Gaganyaan. ISRO Human Space FlightDigicate Centre (HSFC) IAS at Bengaluru will be responsibleDigicate for implementation. IAS Russia will provide semi cryogenic rocket engine technology to India under India’s Make – in – India Program
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India’s Nuclear Energy Programme
The nuclear energy programme in India was launched around the time of independence under the leadershipDigicate of Homi IAS J. Bhabha. Objective: To provide safe and reliable electric power for the country’s social and economic progress and to be self reliant in all aspects of nuclear technology. India has adopted a three stage strategy of nuclear power generation: Stage 1Pressurised Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR): The PHWR is a pressure tube type reactor using heavy water (D2O) moderator, heavy water coolant and natural uraniumDigicate dioxide fuel.IAS Stage 2 Fast Breeder Reactor (FBR): India’s second stage of nuclear power generation uses the Pu-239 obtained from the first stage reactor operation,as the main fissile element of fuel core in fast breeder reactors (FBR). Stage 3 ThoriumDigicate based IAS Reactor: Thorium utilization is the long term objective of the Indian Nuclear Power Programme. In this stage Breeder reactors are based on Thorium- Uranium-233 cycle.
Cosmic Rays
Cosmic Rays are atom fragments that rain down on the surface of the earth from the outer space. Atom fragments such as protons (positively charged particles), electrons (negatively charged particles) and atomic nuclei. They travel at the speed of light. The study on Cosmic rays carry source of information about the origin of the universe. In 2017, a team of scientists found a void at the The Great Pyramid of Giza using cosmic rays. They may create electronics problems in satellites and other machinery.
Digicate IAS
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EpidemicDigicate Diseases IAS (Amendment) Ordinance 2020 Background
During current CoVID-19 pandemic, there have been instances of attacks on members of health- care services.
Features Digicate IAS
1. Violence’ will include harassment and physical injury and damage to property. Healthcare service personnel include public and clinical healthcare service providers (doctors, nurses, paramedicalDigicate workers IAS etc) Or any other persons empowered to prevent the outbreak of the disease. 2. The penal provisions can be invoked in instances of damage to property. 3. Acts of violence are made cognizable and non-bailable offences. 4. Punishments A. Imprisonment for a term of three months to five years, and with fine of Rs.50,000/- to Rs.2,00,000/-. A. In case of grave offence, imprisonment shall be for a term of six months to seven years and with fine of Rs.1,00,000/- to Rs.5,00,000/-. A. Offender shall pay compensation to the victim, twice the fair market value for damage of property.
SC Judgement - Rights of Minority Institutes are not Absolute
SC held that the fundamental and religious rights of minorities and rights available under Article 30 are not violated by provisions carved out in Section 10D of the MCI and Dentists Act(Provisions regarding NEET Exam). Digicate IAS The right to freedom of trade or business is not absolute, but subject to reasonable restrictions in the interest of the students’ community to promote merit, recognition of excellence, and to curb the malpractices.Digicate IAS The constitutionality of the NEET examination has been upheld. Providing admission to non-minority students will also not interfere with the right of a Minority Educational Institution to manage its affairs for the benefit of the mmunity. Minority Co
Article 30 of the Constitution Digicate IAS Article 30 (1) promises to all Digicatelinguistic and IAS religious minorities the ‘right to establish’ and the ‘right to administer’ educational institutions of their own choice.
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Article 30 (2) restricts the State from making discrimination in the matter of providing help to any educational institution on the ground that it is managed by a religious minority or linguistic minority. Digicate IAS Anuradha Bhasin Case(2020)
- Also known as Kashmir Internet case. - Supreme Court declared that the freedom of speech and expression and the freedom to practice any profession or carry on any trade, business or occupation overDigicate the medium IASof Internet enjoys constitutional protection under Article 19(1)(a) and Article 19(1)(g) respectively. - But such freedom is not absolute, and is subject to reasonable restrictions under Article 19(2) and Article 19(6) of the Constitution, inclusive of the test of proportionality. Digicate IAS International Financial Services Centre Authority Bill 2019
Recently Parliament has passed the Bil Provides for an Authority to regulate financial services in the IFSCs in India. Composition - 9 members 2 from Ministry of Finance 1 each from SEBI, RBI, IRDAI & PRFDA. 2 officials to be appointed on the recommendation of a search committee. Term of Members - 3 years. Functions It will regulate financial products like contracts of insurance, financial institutions and services, deposits and securities that were previously approved by regulators such as SEBI, RBI and IFSC. The authority will constitute Performance Review Committee that will review the functioning of the authority. It proposes setting up of International Financial Service Centre Authority Funds. Digicate IAS Industrial Relations Code, 2019
This is theDigicate third code IAS under labor reforms. Under the labour reforms, forty-four laws are to be amalgamated into four codes. The four codes include wage rates, social security, industrial relations and industrial security and labor welfare. Features of the industrial relations code The code intends to simplify and rationalize the acts- Trade Union Act, 1926, Digicate IAS Industrial Disputes Act,Digicate 1947, IAS Industrial Employment Act, 1946\
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Sets up a two-member tribunal to fasten the disposal of cases. The code allows the companies to hire fixed-term contract workers. (for a duration of 3 to 6 months or a year based on the season and orders) Digicate IAS 126th Constitution Amendment Bill 2019
Parliament has passed 126th Constitution Amendment Bill 2019. It seeks to extend the reservation provided to the Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribes by 10 years. Digicate IAS The reservation provided to the Anglo-Indian community, SC, ST was to end by January 25, 2020. The bill continues the reservation of seats for another 10 years that is till January, 25, 2030. The reservation has been included in Article 334 and therefore the bill seeks to amend the article. Digicate IAS
Bar Council of India (BCI)
Founded: 1961 A statutory body established by Parliament under the Advocates Act, 1961, to regulate and represent Indian bar. Functions Sets standards for legal education in the country and grants recognition to Law Universities. Protects rights, interests and privileges of advocates Provides financial assistance for organising welfare schemes for advocates. It gives approval to LLB degree and LLM. News - recently Bar Council has imposed a moratorium on opening of new law institutions in india.
Swamitva Scheme Digicate IAS Objective - measuring the inhabited land in villages and rural areas with latest surveying technology such as drones. Launched byDigicate Ministry of IASPanchayati Raj, on Panchayt Raj Day - 24th April. It will create records of land ownership. Mapping and survey will be conducted by Survey of India, State Revenue Department and State Panchayati Raj Department under the Ministry of Panchayati Raj. Significance will facilitate tax collection, new building plan and issuance of permits. Help in reducing the disputesDigicate over property IAS. Digicate IAS Easier bank loans availability. It will enable government in effectively planning for the infrastructural programs.
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Inner Line Permit The main aim of ILP system is to prevent settlement of other Indian nationals in tribal states to protect interests of indigenous population. Digicate ILP regime IAS is applicable under Bengal Eastern Frontier Regulation, 1873, To visit an ILP-regime states, the outsiders, including people from other states of country, need to take permission. There are also protections for locals with regards to lands, jobs and other facilities. As of now, Nagaland, Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram are underDigicate ILP regime. IAS News The state government of Nagaland has extended Inner Line Permit (ILP) regime to Dimapur district, which is the commercial hub of the state. Digicate IAS eGramSwaraj Portal
Platform to provide work details/records of all the panchayats under Gram Panchayat Development Plan (GPDP) Launched by Ministry of Panchayati Raj, on Panchayt Raj Day - 24th April It will help speed-up the implementation of projects in rural areas.
Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR)
It is an Indian non-governmental organization established-1999 location - New Delhi. strives to bring transparency and accountability in Indian politics and reduce the influence of money and muscle power in elections. Latest Data Analysis Rajya Sabha about 24% sitting members have criminal cases against themselves.Digicate IAS 89% have declared assets estimated at over Rs. 1 crore. 17th Lok Sabha:Digicate IAS 3% of members are booked with criminal charges in court of law. 84% have self-declared assets worth more than Rs. 1 crore.
Audit Online
It is an application developed as a part of Panchayat Enterprise Suite (PES) under e-panchayat Mission Mode Project (MMP) initiatedDigicate by the Ministry IAS of Panchayati Raj (MoPR). Digicate IAS It facilitates the financial audit of accounts at all the three levels of Panchayats, District, Block and Village Panchayats, Urban Local Bodies (ULB) and Line department by Auditors.
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Bureau of Civil Aviation Security
It is an attached office of theMinistry of Civil Aviation. Founded-Digicate 1976 IAS It is the regulatory authority for civil aviation security in India. It is headed by an officer of the rank of Director General of Police and is designated as Director general of Security (Civil Aviation).
Airports Economic Regulatory Authority of India Digicate IAS
Established in 2009 under Airports Economic Regulatory Authority of India Act, 2008. It is an independent economic regulator for protection of interests of airports, airlines and passengers. Functions: Digicate IAS It regulates tariffs and other charges for aeronautical services provided at civilian airports with annual traffic above 15 lakh passengers. It also monitors performance standard of services across these airports.
National Security Advisor (NSA)
NSA is the chief adviser to the prime minister of India on national and international security policy matters. created in 1998. Senior IFS officer Brajesh Mishra was India’s first NSA (in office from November 1998-May 2004). NSA presides over the National Security Council (NSC). NSC was established in 1998. It is an executive government agency that oversees India’s political, economic, energy and security issues of strategic concern. It is a three-tiered organization comprising of Joint Intelligence CommitteeDigicate (JIC), IAS Strategic Policy Group (SPG) and National Security Advisory Board (NSAB). Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993 Digicate IAS Came into force with retrospective effect in 1993. Enacted to provide for the constitution of: 1. National Human Rights Commission (NHRC), 2. State Human Rights Commission (SHRC) and 3. Human Rights Courts for the protection of human rights. Digicate IAS Digicate IAS
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Human Rights
According to Section 2 of the Act -“Human Rights” means the rights relating to life, liberty, equality and Digicatedignity of the IAS individual guaranteed by the Constitution or embodied in the International covenants and enforceable by courts in India
National Investigation Agency (NIA)
Formed-2009, with the enactment of the National Investigation AgencyDigicate Act 2008. IAS Headquarter - in New Delhi It acts as the Central Counter Terrorism Law Enforcement Agency. The agency is empowered to deal with terror related crimes across states without special permission fromDigicate the states. IAS
National Security Guard (NSG)
It was incorporated in 1984 following Operation Blue Star, assassination of PM Indira Gandhi and Akshardham Temple attack. It is a central contingency force to counter terrorists and hijack-like incidents with a view to protect states against internal disturbances. Its under Union Ministry of Home Affairs. NSG commandos are based in five hubs across the country, apart from their main garrison in Ma nesar, Gurgaon.
‘CT-TTX’ (counter-terrorism table-top exercise) :
It is first such engagement among the Quad countries on regional and global issues of common interest and also in the domain of counter-terrorism and cooperation Quad countries - India, US, Japan and Australia Digicate IAS Quad first mooted by the Japanese Prime Minister in 2007 Quad” CoalitionDigicate is formed IAS to develop a new strategy to keep the critical sea routes in the Indo- Pacific free of any influence (especially China). Consumer Protection Act, 2019 - (Part 1/3)
News: enforcement from July 20, replacing Consumer Protection Act, 1986. Features 1. Definition of consumer Digicate IAS A consumer is definedDigicate as a person IAS who buys any good or avails a service for a consumption, and Not for commercial purpose
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2. Includes both transactions offline, and online 3 Six-consumer rights Recognised Right to Safety. Digicate Right to be IASInformed. Right to Choose. Right to be heard. Right to seek Redressal. Right to Consumer Education. Digicate IAS
CPA -2019 - (Part 2/3)
Central Consumer Protection Authority To be setDigicate up by the Central IAS govt. To promote, protect and enforce the rights of consumers Will regulate violation of consumer rights, unfair trade practices, and misleading advertisements. investigation wing, headed by a Director-General. may impose a penalty up to Rs 10 lakh and imprisonment up to 2 years for a false or misleading advertisement,, and 50 Lakh and upto 5 years in subsequent offence. Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission To be set up at the district, state, and national levels. A consumer can file a complaint with CDRCs Complaints against an unfair contract can be filed only at the State and National levels. Appeals from a District CDRC will be heard by the State CDRC. Appeals from the State CDRC will be heard by the National CDRC. Final appeal will lie before the Supreme Court. Jurisdiction of CDRCs: District CDRC - complaints for goods and services upto 1 crore Digicate IAS State CDRC - complaints for goods and services from 1 crore to 10 crore National CDRCDigicate - for more IAS than 10 crores CPA -2019 - (Part 3/3
Mediation The act provides Mediation Cells, to be attached to Consumer Commissions. Mediation to be held in consumer mediation cells. Panel of mediators to be selected by a selection committee consisting of the PresidentDigicate and a memberIAS of Consumer Commission. Digicate IAS
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e-commerce platforms are brought under the regulations They will also have to mention the country of origin. Digicate They need IASto acknowledge the receipt of complaint within 48 hours and redress the complaint within 1 month from the date of receipt Product Liability A manufacturer or product service provider is made liable for damage due to defective product or deficiency in services. Digicate IAS
Plea Bargaining
News - Foreign members of Tablighi Jamaat have obtained release from court cases by means of plea bargaining.Digicate IAS It refers to a person charged with a criminal offence negotiating with the prosecution for a lesser punishment than what is provided in law by pleading guilty to a less serious offence. It primarily involves pre-trial negotiations between the accused and the prosecutor. Introduced in India in 2006 as an amendment to the CrPC
International Financial Services Centre Authority Bill 2019
Recently Parliament has passed the Bil Provides for an Authority to regulate financial services in the IFSCs in India. Composition 9 members 2 from Ministry of Finance 1 each from SEBI, RBI, IRDAI & PRFDA. 2 officials to be appointed on the recommendation of a search committee. Term of Members - 3 years. Functions It will regulate financial products like contracts of insurance, financialDigicate institutions IAS and services, deposits and securities that were previously approved by regulators such as SEBI, RBI and IFSC. Digicate IAS The authority will constitute Performance Review Committee that will review the functioning of the authority. It proposes setting up of International Financial Service Centre Authority Funds.
Narcotics Control Bureau Digicate IAS It is the nodal drug law enforcementDigicate and IAS intelligence agency of India. It is responsible for fighting drug trafficking and the abuse of illegal substances.
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HQ - New Delhi Founded - 1986 It comes under the Ministry of Home Affairs. Digicate IAS National Legal Services Authority (NALSA)
It’s a statutory body constituted under the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987, to provide free legal services to weaker sections of society. Functions Digicate IAS Organise Lok Adalats for amicable settlement of disputes. Identify specific categories of the marginalised and excluded groups and formulates various schemes for the implementation of preventive and strategic legal service programmes. Provide freeDigicate legal aid IASin civil and criminal matters for the poor and marginalised people who cannot afford the services of a lawyer in any court or tribunal In News NALSA stated that around 11,077 undertrials have been released from prisons nationwide as part of the mission to decongest jails following the COVID-19 pandemic.
National Education Policy 2020(Part 01/04)
First new education policy in 34 years has been brought out. Objective - to create an education system rooted in Indian ethos, and rebuild India as a global knowledge superpower, by providing high-quality education to all. Based on K. Kasturirangan committee Features 1. Public spending on education (States+Centre) to be raised to 6% of the GDP. 2. Ministry of Human Resource Development to be renamed Ministry of Education NEP 2020 (Part 02/04) Digicate IAS 3. Digital Education - National Educational Technology Forum to be set up, to enhance learning, assessment,Digicate planning and IAS administration through information sharin. new Technology Unit to develop digital education resources. 4. By 2030, Eligibility for teaching = four year - B.Ed. 5. 2025 - Universalisethe pre-primary education (age 3-6 yrs) 6. 2030 - Universalization of Education 7. preschool to secondary level with 100% Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER). 7. National Mission on Foundational Literacy and Numeracy to ensure basic skillsDigicate at the class IAS 3 level by 2025. Digicate IAS
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8. Coding and Vocational Education from 6th Standar 9. Mother tongue to be medium of instruction (till 5th std) NEP 2020 (Part 03/04) 10.Digicate New Curricular IAS and Pedagogical Structure: proposes change in existing 10+2 New structure = 5+3+3+4 (for 3-18 yrs age group) A. 5-years( Foundational Stage) 3 years of pre-primary school Grades 1, 2; Digicate IAS B. 3-years( Preparatory/Latter Primary Stage) Grades 3, 4, 5 C. 3- years(Middle/Upper Primary Stage) GradesDigicate 6 to 8 IAS D. 4- years( Higher SecondaryStage) Grades 9 to 12 1. New School governance a new accreditation framework and an independent authority to regulate both public and private schools. NEP 2020 (Part 04/04) 12. Higher Education i) 4-Year Undergraduate degree With multiple entry and exit options to be introduced. ii) Phil degree will be abolished. iii) New umbrella regulator for all higher education except medical, legal courses. iv) Academic Bank of Credit will be set up to make it easier to transfer between institutions. v) College affiliation system to be phased out in 15 years. colleges to be developed into an autonomous degree-granting institution, or a constituent college of a university. vi) Gross Enrolment Ratio to be doubled from 26.3% in 2018 to 50%Digicate by 2035, IASwith an additional 3.5 crore new seats. 13. Traditional knowledge Indian knowledge systems, including tribal and indigenous knowledge, will be incorporatedDigicate into the IAScurriculum in an accurate and scientific manner. 14. Special Provisions i) ‘Special Educational Zones’. Regions such as aspirational districts, having large number of students facing economic, social or caste barriers ii) Gender Inclusion Fund to provide equitable quality education to all girls and transgender students. iii) Financial support To meritorious students belonging to SC, ST, OBC and other socially and economically disadvantagedDigicate groups IAS Digicate IAS
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Revision Tests 2020Digicate IAS
DigicateTotal IAS Tests - 30 Crisp Solution - 30 Remarks / MCQ Solution techniques
Quick Revisions through Tests Just Digicate IAS Practice Digicate IAS Before D-Day
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Digicate IAS Treaty of Sugauli
The treaty established the boundary line of India and Nepal. It was signed in 1815 between the East India Company and Raj Guru Gajaraj Mishra for Nepal following the Anglo-Nepalese War of 1814-16 Digicate IAS
International Budget Partnership The InternationalDigicate BudgetIAS Partnership (IBP) is a collaborative effort of multiple actors – civil society, state actors, international institutions and the private sector. formed in 1997 Objective- to promote transparent and inclusive government budget processes as a means to improve governance and service delivery in the developing world.
Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS)
It is an international certification scheme that regulates trade in rough diamonds. It aims to prevent the flow of conflict diamonds and protect legitimate trade in rough diamonds India is one of the founding members of the KPCS. It is not an organization. There are no offices or headquarters for KPCS. It cannot frame agreements. It simply relies on contributions of the participants, industries, governments, civil society observers The KPCS has been agreed by the United Nations and the World Diamond Council.
Conflict diamonds Digicate IAS Conflict diamonds are rough diamonds that are used by therebel movements to finance wars, especially in the thirdDigicate world countries IAS
Air Bubble
The term was coined during COVID-19 times. It refers to transport and people connectivity between specific regions in the world, where COVID-19 has been contained to similar levels. The scheme is being calledDigicate as new avatar IAS of “Vande Bharat Mission” Digicate IAS News - India forms Air Bubble with US, UK, UAE, Germany and France
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Chiang Mai initiative (CMI)
It is a multilateral currency swap arrangement amongst the ASEAN , China, Japan and South Korea.Digicate IAS It was launched in 2010 to manage regional short-term liquidity problems and to avoid relying on the IMF 15th India-European Union Summit (through video conferencing) Roadmap 2025 was created during the Summit(but No legal obligations) Decision on restarting free trade agreement (FTA) negotiations Digicate IAS Bilateral Trade and Investment Agreement (BTIA) Areas of Cooperation research sharing for civil nuclear cooperation launch a Digicatemaritime security IAS dialogue negotiations between Europol and the CBI. Medical developments on vaccines and treatment.
India dropped from Construction of Chabahar-Zahedan Rail Project
Digicate IAS Dropped by Iran government citing reason of Delay in Funding./ Project Agreement was signed between India and Iran It would Digicatehave served IndiaIAS as an alternative Trade Route with Afghanistan and the Rest of Central Asian Countries
Budapest Convention
It is a Convention on Cybercrime It is the first international treaty seeking to address Internet and computer crime byDigicate harmonizing IASnational laws, improving investigative Digicatetechniques, and IAS increasing cooperation among nations. It was drawn up by the Council of Europe in Strasbourg, France
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It is open for ratificationeven to states that are not members of the Council of Europe. Parties - 64 states It provides for the criminalisation of cybercrime Digicate IAS Central Asian Flyway (CAF)
It covers a large continental area of Eurasia between the Arctic and Indian Oceans and the associated island chains. The flyway comprises several important migration routes of waterbirdsDigicate, which IAS extend from the breeding grounds in the Russian Federation (Siberia) to the southernmost non-breeding (wintering) grounds in west and south Asia, the Maldives India provides a critical stopover as well as a wintering habitat to more than 370 species of migratory birds.Digicate IAS
STARS Program
It stands for ‘Strengthening Teaching-Learning and Results for States Program’*. Launched in 1994 by World Bank Group /-8475-- It helps in addressing the learning outcome challenges existing in the educational system in rural parts of India. It supports ‘Education for All’ initiative of central govt. News World Bank Group has announced a loan of USD 500 million for improving the quality and governance of school education system in India.
75th United Nations Day
Its 75th anniversary is on 24 October 2020. To mark its 75th anniversary, the UN is igniting a people’s debate:Digicate UN75, to encourage IAS people to put their opinions on how enhanced international cooperation can help realize a better world by 2045. UN Day marks the anniversary of the entry into force of the UN Charter and the founding of the OrganizationDigicate in 1945. IAS Context Recently, a commemorative declaration marking the 75th anniversary of the signing of the United Nations (UN) Charter was delayed as member states could not reach an agreement on phraseology. Five Eyes (FVEY)— Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States, along with India, objected (hence broke the silence process) to the use of a phrase “shared vision of a common future”, which Digicateis associated IAS with China. Digicate IAS Silence process is a procedure by which a resolution passes if no formal objections are raised within a stipulated time.
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India China standoff
Digicate IAS
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China’s People’sDigicate Liberation IAS Army (PLA) and the Indian Army clashed, resulting in fatalities on both sides. Place - Galwan Valley in Eastern Ladakh region. Other places of Tension - Hot Springs area and Pangong Lake The strategic importance of Galwan River Valley The river is the highest ridgeline and it allows the Chinese to dominate the Shyok route passes, close to the river. Reason behind Tensions India is constructing a feeder road from Darbuk-Shyok Village - Daulat Beg Oldi road. This road runs along the Shyok River and is the most critical line of communications close to LAC. China perceives it as a potential threat to its dominance in the region.
Istanbul Convention
Its for preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence. adopted by the Council of Europe Committee of Ministers on 7 AprilDigicate 2011 IAS signed by 45 countries and the European Union. world’sfirst binding instrument to prevent and tackle violence against women. sets minimumDigicate standards IAS for governments to meet when tackling violence against women. News- Poland has withdrew from the convention.
Annual Special 301 report - 2020
By United States Trade Representative (USTR) It identifies trade barriers to United States companies and productsDigicate due IASto the intellectual property laws, Digicatesuch as copyright, IAS patents and trademarks, in other countries.
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‘Priority Foreign Countries’ List - countries with inadequate intellectual property laws; these countries may be subject to sanctions. Priority Watch List” and “Watch List”, countries whose intellectual property regimes are deemed of Digicateconcern. India IAS has been placed on Priority Watch List
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European Union
It is an regional international organization Members - 27 European countries Objective- governing common economic, social, and security policies. created by the Maastricht Treaty,which entered into force on November 1, 1993. The treaty sought to enhance European political and economic integration by creating a single currency (the euro), a unified foreign and security policy, and common citizenship rights. It also envisioned cooperation in the areas of immigration, asylum, and judicial affairs.
International Civil Aviation Organization Digicate IAS It is a specialized agency of the United Nations. It lays the principles and techniques of international air navigation and fosters the planning and developmentDigicate of international IAS air transport to ensure safe and orderly growth. Headquarters: Montreal, Canada.
UN Women
Established in 2011 Headquarter: New York, United States Digicate IAS UN entity dedicated to genderDigicate equality IAS and Women empowerment Helps Member States to set global standards for achieving gender equality
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works with governments and civil society to design laws, policies, programmes and services. UN Women is a member of the United Nations Development Group.
GroupDigicate of Seven IAS (G7)
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It is an intergovernmental economic organization Formed in 1975 Members 7 major economies : Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States, (Trick - 7 - Green Fruit ka Juice) represents around 58% of the global net wealth and more than 46% of the global gross domestic product (GDP) Heads-of-government meets annually at G7 Summit 2014 Russia was removed from the group(G8) following Russian annexation of Crimea. News US President Trump has advocated the formation of G11 - G7 + Russia Australia, India and South Korea (replacing G7)
Financial Action Task Force Digicate IAS It is an intergovernmental organisation that monitors money laundering and terrorism funding all over the world. sets internationalDigicate standards IAS that aim to prevent these illegal activities It was established in 1989 on the initiative of G7 summit held in Paris. Total 39 members - 37 member countries and 2 regional organizations ( European Commission and Gulf Cooperation Council ) Headquarter: Paris, France
Missile Technology Control DigicateRegime (MTCR) IAS Digicate IAS formed in 1987 by the G-7 counries.
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Members - 35 (India - 35th Member- joined in 2016) Informal, voluntary grouping of countries Aims to check the proliferation of missiles and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) Capable of Min Digicate500kg (WMD) IAS payload, with range of at least 300km. also focuses on any equipment/ software/technology that can enable a nation to produce such systems. not a treaty, hence not legally binding It coordinates individual national export licensing policies towardsDigicate a common IASexport policy that regulates the sale of any such systems. MTCR maintains a common list of items, including dual-use technology and components, which can be used to deliver WMDs. Digicate IAS Australia Group
an informal group - estbd in 1985 (after the use of chemical weapons by Iraq in 1984) to help member countries to contain the spread of chemical and biological weapons, through regulation of exports. Members - 43 Mexico, all OECD members, the European Commission, European Union, Ukraine, and Argentina. India joined in 2018 It maintains export controls on a uniform list of 54 compounds, that can be used in the manufacture of chemical weapons. Delegations representing the members meet every year in Paris, France.
Wassenaar Arrangement
The Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls for Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies Digicate IAS established 1996, Wassenaar( Netherlands) SecretariatDigicate - Vienna IAS, Austria Members - 41 Objective - to contribute to regional and international security and stability Means - by promoting transparency and greater responsibility, in transfers of conventional arms and dual-use goods and technologies such as battle tanks, armored combat vehicles (ACVs), large-caliber artillery, etc not a treaty, hence is not legally binding Digicate IAS Digicate IAS
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Nuclear Suppliers Group
Formed - 1974 ( as a response to Indian Nuclear Test of 1974) MembersDigicate- 48 IAS Objective - to prevent nuclear proliferation by controlling the export of materials, equipment and technology that can be used to manufacture nuclear weapons. India has not been able to secure membership due to opposition from China. Trigger List - maintained by IAEA. These items could only be exported to non-nuclear states if certain InternationalDigicate Atomic EnergyIAS Agency safeguards were agreed to or if exceptional circumstances relating to safety existed.
Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) Digicate IAS News - Recently, USA has accused China and Russia of conducting nuclear tests with low yields, in violation CTBT. It is a multilateral treaty that bans all nuclear explosions, for both civilian and military purposes, in all environments. adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1996. 168 states have ratified the CTBT and another 17 states have signed but not ratified it will enter into force 180 days after the Treaty has been ratified by 44 States, listedn i Annex 2 of the Treaty. Eight States that needs to ratify - China, North Korea, Egypt, India, Iran, Israel, Pakistan and the United States States NOT Signed - India, North Korea and Pakistan Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO) founded - 1996 headquartered - Vienna. It promotes the Treaty so that it can enter into force. Digicate IAS
New DevelopmentDigicate Bank IAS Established in 2014 by BRICS Countries by Fortaleza Declaration. HQ - Shanghai, China. It is a multilateral development bank founded to support infrastructure and sustainable development efforts in BRICS and other underserved emerging economies. It received Observer Status in 2018 in the United Nations General Assembly. News - 5th Annual Meeting ofDigicate the Board of IAS Governors of NDB was held throughDigicate video-conference IAS on 20th Apr.
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International Criminal Court (ICC)
It is an intergovernmental, international tribunal. Digicate Established- IAS 2002, by Rome Statute of 1998. Seat - The Hague, Netherlands. The ICC has jurisdiction to prosecute individuals for the international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression. It is intended to complement existing national judicial systems. Digicate IAS International Court of Justice(ICJ)
Judicial branch of the United Nations (UN) - hence called as World Court Established-Digicate 1945 IASby UN Charter HQ - Peace Palace, The Hague. The court settles legal disputes submitted to it by states It provides advisory opinions on legal questions submitted to it by duly authorized international branches, agencies, and the UN General Assembly. ICJ Consists of 15 judges elected to 9-year terms by the UN General Assembly and the UN Security Council. It is a successor to the Permanent Court of International Justice.
World Food Programme (WFP)
It is the food-assistance branch of United Nations. It is a member of UN Development Group (UNDG) and part of its Executive Committee. It was established in 1961 after Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) Conference 1960. It is headquartered in Rome, Italy. IIt is the world’s largest humanitarian organization promoting food security and addressing hunger. It provides food assistance to around approx. 80 million people inDigicate 75 countries IASeach year. It works to help people who cannot obtain enough food or produce enough food for themselves and their families. Digicate IAS United Nations Security Council
One of the Principal Organ of the United Nations Aim- ensuring peace and security across the world Formed in 194 Total - 15 member states Permanent members = 5(United States, France,Digicate China, Russia, IAS and the United Kingdom), - and theyDigicate have Veto IASpower Non Permanent Members - 10 Elected for 2 years from member countries of UN.
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It can issue Binding resolutions on member states.
EuropeanDigicate Commission IAS It is an institution of European Union (EU) that was founded on 1 January 1958. Headquarters: Brussels, Belgium It is responsible for implementing decisions, proposing legislation, upholdingEU treaties and managing day-to-day business of European Union. Digicate IAS
Caribbean Community (CARICOM)
It was formed in 1973 MembersDigicate - 15 IAS Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Montserrat, St. Kitts and Nevis, St Lucia, St. Vincentd anthe Grenadines, Suriname, and Trinidad & Tobago. Chairmanship of the Community is rotated every six months among the member countries. The CARICOM is a Single Market and Economy are intended to benefit the people of the region by providing more and better opportunities to produce sell goods and services and attracting investments.
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Feed Our Future Campaign Digicate IAS Recently United Nations WorldDigicate Food Programme IAS (WFP) has launched it against hunger and malnutrition in India.
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Its cinema ad campaign It highlights potential loss to the world when children’s voices are silenced due to hunger News - APEC has been expected to post an economic decline by 2.7 percent in 2020 because of the DigicateCoVID-19 pandemic.IAS
Mekong–Ganga Cooperation (MGC)
established in 2000, at Vientiane, Laos (at First MGC Ministerial Meeting) Member countries - 6 India, Thailand, Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos andDigicate Vietnam. IAS Areas of Cooperation - tourism, culture, education, and transportation. Name comes from the Ganga and the Mekong, two large rivers in the region.
InternationalDigicate Energy IAS Agency (IEA)
Intergovernmental autonomous organisation which works to ensure reliable, affordable and clean energy. Established 1973 after the oil crisis Headquarter - Paris, France. World Enegry Outlookreport annually Members - 30 India became an associate member in 2017.
BRICS
It stands for an association of five major emerging national economies: Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. 1st Summit - 2009 in Russia. 11th Summit- 2019 in Brazil. Digicate IAS International Transport Forum (ITF)
FormedDigicate in 2006 by 43 IAS countries. Headquarter - in Paris, France. It is an intergovernmental organisation within the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) with 60 member countries. It acts as a think tank for transport policy and organises the Annual Summit of transport ministers. ITF is the only global body that covers all transport modes. The ITF is administratively integrated with the OECD, yet politically autonomous.Digicate IAS Digicate IAS
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ASEAN
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Summit It Digicateis a regional IASgrouping that promotes economic, political, and security cooperation. Established in 1967 in Bangkok, Thailand, with ASEAN Declaration (Bangkok Declaration) Secretariat - Jakarta, Indonesia Founding fathers of ASEAN - Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. It consists of 10 members namely, Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam Digicate IAS Chairmanship of ASEAN rotates annually, based on the alphabetical order of the English names of Member States. ASEAN countries have a total population of 650 million people and a combined Gross Domestic Product (GDP)Digicate of $2.8 IAStrillion. News Recently, the 36th ASEAN Summit was held via video conference to focus on the Covid-19 pandemic response, post-pandemic recovery and further cooperation.
United Nations
It is an intergovernmental organization Aims to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations. UN is headquartered on international territory in New York City, with its other main offices in Geneva, Nairobi, Vienna and The Hague. Official languages- Arabic, Chinese, English French, Russian and Spanish Members - 193 member states 2 observer states Sixmain organs of the UN 1. General Assembly, Digicate IAS 2. Security Council, 3. EconomicDigicate and Social IASCouncil, 4. Trusteeship Council, 5. International Court of Justice, 6. UN Secretariat.
Treaty on Open Skies It establishes a program of Digicateunarmed aerial IAS surveillance flightsover the Digicateentire territory IAS of its participants. Enforcement - 2002,
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Member Countries - 35 It aims at enhancing mutual understanding and confidence yb giving all participants, a direct role in gathering information about military forces and activities of concern to them. Digicate News - US IAS President Trump has announced withdrawal from the treaty due to alleged Russian violations.
India to be UNSC Member
Recently, India became a non-permanent member of the United NationsDigicate Security CouncilIAS (UNSC) for a period of 2 years. India’s term will begin on 1st January 2021. India will have the presidency of the UN Security Council in the month of August 2021 Digicate IAS BASIC Grouping
It includes Brazil, South Africa, India and China. Formed by an agreement in November 2009 The four committed to act jointly at the Copenhagen climate summit The grouping is working to define a common position on emission reductions and climate aid money, and to try to convince other countries to sign up to the Copenhagen Accord
World Economic Forum
based in Geneva, Switzerland founded - 197 It is an NGO committed to improving the state of the world by engaging business, political, academic, and other leaders of society.. WEF hosts an annual meeting at the end of January in Davos. Digicate IAS The meeting hosts around 3,000 business leaders, international political leaders, economists, celebrities and journalists to discuss global issues. Digicate IAS Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP)
It is a proposed free trade agreement in the Asia-Pacific. Members: 10 member states of the ASAEN (Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam) and five FTA partnersDigicate(Australia, IAS China, Japan, New Zealand, andDigicate South Korea). IAS
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RCEP and India
News - Recently, India has decided not to join Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) tradeDigicate deal. IAS India did not receive any credible assurance on market access and non-tariff barriers. However, other 15-members will go ahead and sign the deal keeping the door open for India to join at a later date. Reasons of Withdrawal India has trade deficit with at least 11 of 15 RCEP countries. It has doubledDigicate in the last fiveIAS years from 54 billion USD in 2013-14 to 105 billion USD in 2018-19. Signing the RCEP will widen trade deficit and foreign exchange reserve of India at a faster rate. Dumping of less expensive goods by member countries will affect domestic goods market of India India by notDigicate signing the IAS RCEP deal has refused to be a willing dumping ground of China’s trade imperialism.
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#Govt_Initiatives
Bulk Drug Parks
LaunchedDigicate in March IAS 2020 by Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilisers Under it a Total of 4 medical devices parks and three Bulk Drug Parks (API) will be set up in the country. For encouraging the domestic production of Medical Devices and Active Pharmaceutical Products (API) It will be a production linked incentive scheme from the Central GovernmentDigicate IAS Central Funding - Rs 13760 crore
Pradhan Mantri Kisan Maan-Dhan Yojana Digicate IAS the pension scheme for farmers launched in 2019 to provide social security to all landholding Small and Marginal Farmers. afixed pension of Rs.3,000/-will be provided to all eligible small and marginal farmers. It is a voluntary and contribution based pension scheme. Pension Fund is managed by the Life Insurance Corporation of India(LIC) Farmers will have to contribute an amount between Rs.55 to Rs.200 per month in the Pension Fund till they reach the retirement date i.e. the age of 60 years. The Central Government will also make an equal contribution of the same amount in the pension Eligibility - 18 - 40 years Spouses of the Small and Marginal farmers are also eligible to join separately and they will also get separate pension of Rs.3000 when they reach the age of 60 years. Enrollment is at Common Service Centre (CSC).
Schemes for Women Empowerment Digicate IAS
1. Mahila E-haat(2016) – It is a direct online marketing platform launched and it acts as a catalyst by providing a Digicateweb based marketing IAS platform to the women entrepreneurs to directly sell to the buyers. 2. Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao(2015)- addresses the declining Child Sex Ratio (CSR) and related issues of women empowerment over a life-cycle continuum. 3. One Stop Centre Scheme(2015):In this scheme ‘One Stop Centres’ are being established across the country to provide integrated support and assistance under one roof to women affected by violence, both in private and public spaces in phased manner. 4. Swadhar Greh scheme(2002)- Temporary residential accommodation with theDigicate provision IASof food, clothing, medical facilities etc.Digicate IAS 5. STEP Scheme(2016):It stands for ‘The Support to Training and Employment Programme for Women’.
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SATYABHAMA Portal
“’Science and Technology Yojana for AtmaNirbhar Bharat in Mining Advancement ’ Digicate launched by IAS Union Ministry of Mines and Coal Aim - to encourage and boost mining and mineral sector
Indian Gas Exchange (IGX)
It is the first online delivery-based gas trading platformin India Digicate IAS For imported natural Gas. It is incorporated as a wholly owned subsidiary of the IEX – India’s energy market platform. It will allow trading in spot market as well as forward market across three hubs - Dahej - Gujrat, HajraDigicate Gujarat, and IAS Kakinada in Andhra Pradesh. The exchange also allows much shorter contracts( next day, and up to a month) The price of domestically produced natural gas is decided by the government. It will not besold on the gas exchange. Significance 1. free market pricing of natural 2. facilitate transparent price discovery in natural gas 3. growth of the share of natural gas in India’s energy basket.
Airborne Rescue Pod for Isolated Transportation (ARPIT)
developed by Indian Air Force. It is used for the evacuation of critical patients with infectious diseases from the high altitude, remote and isolated areas across the country. It uses High-Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) H-13 class filters and supports invasive ventilation using Transport Ventilator. Digicate IAS
SPECS Digicate IAS Scheme for Promotion of Manufacturing of Electronic Components and Semiconductors (SPECS) It will provide incentive of 25% on the capital expenditure for the manufacturing of goods constituting the supply chain of electronic products.
Benefits It will help to strengthen theDigicate electronic IAS manufacturing ecosystem in the country.Digicate IAS New investments in Electronics Sector Employment generation. Reducing dependence on import of components
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Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY)
launched in the year 2016. byDigicate the Ministry IAS of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare. It replaced the National Agricultural Insurance Scheme (NAIS) and the Modified National Agricultural Insurance Scheme (MNAIS). PMFBY fixes a uniform premium of 2% of the value of sum insured to be paid by farmers for all Kharif crops, 1.5% for all rabi crops, and 5% for annual commercial and horticultural crops or actuarial rate, whichever is less. Digicate IAS
Kisan Credit Card (KCC)
introducedDigicate in 1998 IAS for providing adequate and timelycredit support to the farmers for the cultivation and other needs like the purchase of agriculture inputs such as seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, etc.
Mausam App
Mobile application to provide city-wise weather forecasts and warnings launched by Union Ministry of Earth Sciences designed and developed by International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Indian Meteorological Department (IMO), Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM). It will provide information such as humidity, temperature, wind speed, direction for around 200 cities.
SUMAN scheme – Surakshit Matritva Aashwasan scheme
launched in 2019 by the Ministry of Women and Child development provides free medicines for pregnant women. Digicate IAS It focuses to bring down the Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) and Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) in the country. Digicate IAS Key features 1. themother up to 6 months after delivery and the sick new born will be able to avail free health care benefits 2. All the beneficiaries visiting the health care under the scheme are entitled to free services. a) At least four ante – natal check up b) One check up during the 1st trimester Digicate IAS c) One check up under PradhanDigicate Mantri Surakshit IAS Matritva Abhiyan d) Iron Folic acid supplementation
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e) Tetanus Diphtheria injection f) Six home based new born care visits g) Free transport will be provided from home to the health institutions by GoI. Digicateh) Zero expenses IAS for C – section facilities in case of complications during pregnancy.
eDant Seva
launched by the Ministry of Health and Family welfare under the National Oral Health Program initiative aims to sensitize the importance of maintaining oral health. Digicate IAS provides information about nearest oral health service facility.
National Oral Health Programme Digicate IAS launched in 2014 to strengthen the public health facilities of the country for an accessible, affordable & quality oral health care delivery. implemented under 2-components 1. National Health Mission – states and UTs can seek permission to set up Dental care units in district level hospitals. 2. Tertiary Component- For central level activities such as: Designing IEC materials like Posters, TV, Radio Spots, Training Modules Organizing national, regional nodal officers training program to enhance the program management skills, review the status of the program
Affordable Rental Housing Complexes (ARHCs)
News - Recently approved by the Union Cabinet for providing affordable rental housing to about 3 lakh urban migrants. Digicate IAS It is a sub-scheme of the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana- Urban - implemented by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs. - a part ofDigicate the government’s IAS economic package to address the Covid-19 crisis (and AtmaNirbhar Bharat) Target Beneficiaries - Workers who come from rural areas or towns to work in manufacturing, hospitality, health, construction, etc. completed government-funded houses across cities that are yet to be allotted to beneficiaries under existing schemes would be converted into the rental housing complexes through Concession Agreements for 25 years. Complexes will revert to UrbanDigicate Local BodiesIAS (ULB) after 25 years to run onDigicate their own. IAS Special Incentives like concessional loan at priority sector lending rate, etc. will be offered to private/ public entities to develop ARHCs
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Technology Innovation Grant - Rs. 600 crore would be provided for projects using ide ntified innovative technologies for construction.
PradhanDigicate Mantri IASAwas Yojana -Urban
Launched in 2015 by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs To provide affordable housing to the urban poor Target of building 20 million affordable houses by 31st March 2022. Digicate IAS provides central assistance to Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) and other implementing agencies through States/UTs. Eligibility - All statutory towns as per Census 2011 and towns notified subsequently. FeaturesDigicate IAS 1. In-situ Rehabilitation of existing slum dwellers using land as a resource through private participation. 2. Credit Linked Subsidy. 3. Subsidy for Beneficiary-led individual house construction/enhancement. 4. Promotes women empowerment by providing the ownership of houses in the name of female members or in joint name
Rashtriya Poshan Maah
Month of September(2019) was celebrated as Rashtriya Poshan Maah The Theme of 2019 Poshan Maa was “Complementary Feeding”. Aim:To create awareness on the importance of nutrition, complimentary food, treatment and prevention of infections in children.
National Council on India’s Nutrition Challenges Digicate IAS
Established by MoWCD under Poshan Abhiyan Chairman =Digicate Vice-Chairman IAS of NITI Aayog Role: To coordinate and review convergence among ministers and to help them providing policy directions to address nutrition challenges in India. It provides policy directions through coordinated inter-sectoral action The Council reviews programs for nutrition on quarterly basis.
Accelerate Vigyan Scheme Digicate IAS Digicate IAS Recently, launched by the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB)
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Objective - encouraging high-end scientific research and preparing scientific manpower Components 1. ABHYAAS Programme Digicate to boost research IAS and development by grooming potential PG/PhD students through the development of research skills. 2. SAMMOHAN: It has been sub-divided into SAYONJIKA and SANGOSHTI. A) SAYONJIKA is an open-ended program to catalogue the capacity building activities in science and technology supported by all government funding agencies. Digicate IAS B) SANGOSHTI is a pre-existing program of SERB for the organisation of workshops.
Skills Build Reignite
LaunchedDigicate by Ministry IAS of Skill Development And Entrepreneurship and IBM It’s a Free Digital Learning Platform to reach more job seekers & provide new resources to business owners in India. provides access to free online coursework and mentoring support designed to help them reinvent careers and businesses. content on topics like Artificial intelligence, Cloud, Data analytics and security to reskill and upskill themselves, is provided at no cost. There is also personalized coaching for entrepreneurs, seeking advice on recovery out of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Sahakar Mitra scheme
an initiative by National Cooperative Development Corporation (NCDC) Scheme on Internship Programme (SIP) It will provide the young professionals an opportunity of practical exposure and learning from the working of NCDC and cooperatives as a paid intern Digicate IAS It would aid academic institutions to develop leadership and entrepreneurial roles through cooperativesDigicate as Farmers IAS Producers Organizations (FPO) Intern will get financial support over a 4 months internship period. Eligibility 1. professional graduates in disciplines such as Agriculture and allied are as, IT etc. will be eligible for internship. 2. Professionals with MBA degrees in Agri-business, Cooperation, Finance, International Trade, Forestry, Rural Development, Project Management etc Digicate IAS Digicate IAS
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Payments Infrastructure Development Fund (PIDF)
To be set up by RBI CorpusDigicate - Rs. 500 IAS crore to give a push to digital payments across the country It will encourage deployment of Point of Sale (PoS) infrastructure, both physical and digital, Target Areas - tier-3 to tier-6 centres and north eastern states. Funding pattern - RBI - 50% and 50% by card issuing banks and card networks Fund will be governed through an advisory council but managed and administeredDigicate by IAS the RBI.
SWADES: Skill Mapping Exercise for Returning Citizens
LaunchedDigicate as part of the IAS Vande Bharat Mission Objective - at empowering the returning citizens from abroad with relevant employment opportunities through mapping their skill sets and experience a Joint initiative of the Ministry of Skill Development & Entrepreneurshi p, the Ministry of Civil Aviation and the Ministry of External Affairs. National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC)is supporting the implementation of the project.
TULIP – Urban Learning Internship Program
By Ministry ofMHoUA, Ministry of HRD and AICTE launched under the theme ‘Aspirational India’ as announced in budget 2020-21 for providing internship opportunities to fresh graduates in all Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) and Smart Cities It would create a potential talent pool in diverse fields like urban planning, transport engineering, environment, municipal finance etc. It will give boost to fresh ideas for solutions in solving India’s urban challenges. It is an important stepping stone for fulfilment of MHRD and AICTE’sDigicate goal of 1 croreIAS successful internships by the year 2025.
Defence TestingDigicate Infrastructure IAS Scheme (DTIS)’
Recently, approved by Central government to give a boost to domestic defence and aerospace manufacturing, by creating a state-of-the-art defence testing infrastructure. Special focus is given on MSMEs and Start Ups. Budget Allocation - Rs 400 crore for five years. Digicate IAS Test facilities to be set up in partnershipDigicate with IAS private industry. Finance of Projects 75% by Centre 25% by State Governments + Private entities.
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PM Svanidhi
Pradhan Mantri Street Vendor’s AtmaNirbhar Nidhi scheme. Digicate By Ministry IAS of Housing and Urban Affairs to enable street vendors to resume their livelihoods, which have been hit hard due to the national lockdown. It is a special micro-credit facility to provide loan of up to 10,000 to street vendors, having businesses operational on or before 24 March. The scheme is valid until March 2022. Digicate IAS SIDBI Bank will manage the credit guarantee to the lending institutions through Credit Guarantee Fund Trust for Micro and Small Enterprises.
EmergencyDigicate Credit IASLine Guarantee Scheme (ECLGS)
Aims at mitigating the economic distress faced by MSMEs by providing them additional funding in the form of a fully guaranteed emergency credit line. 100% credit guarantee coverage is provided by National Credit Guarantee Trustee Company Limited (NCGTC) for additional funding of up to Rs. 3 lakh cror e to eligible MSMEs and interested MUDRA borrowers. The credit will be provided in the form of a Guaranteed Emergency Credit Line (GECL) facility. provides an incentive to Member Lending Institutions (MLIs), i.e., Banks,ncial Fina Institutions (FIs) and NBFCs to increase the availabilityfunding of facilities to MSMEs - The scheme aims to mitigate the distress caused by COVID-19 and the consequent lockdown on MSMEs.
National Migrant Information System (NMIS) It is a central online repository to facilitate seamless movement Digicateof migrant workers IAS across States. Developed by National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA). It is equipped with contact tracing, which would help in COVID-19 response work. Digicate IAS GOAL Programme
Launched by the Ministry of Tribal Affairs and Facebook. GOAL = Going Online As Leaders To provide mentorship to the tribal youth in digital mode Focus is on three areas - Digicate IAS Life skills Digicate IAS digital literacy
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Leadership and Entrepreneurship sectors targeted - agriculture, handicrafts and textiles, art and culture, nutrition, etc.
DefenceDigicate Testing IAS Infrastructure Scheme (DTIS)’
Recently, approved by Central government to give a boost to domestic defence and aerospace manufacturing, by creating a state-of-the-art defence testing infrastructure. Special focus is given on MSMEs and Start Ups. Digicate IAS Budget Allocation - Rs400 crore for five years. Test facilities to be set up in partnership with private industry. Finance of Projects 75% by Centre 25% by State Governments + Private entities. Digicate IAS Manodarpan Initiative
Launched by Ministry of HRD to provide psychosocial support to the students for their mental well being. underAtma Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan. Significance - help to strengthen human capital base in the country and to increase overall productivity of working-age population
Shri Shakti Challenge
By GoI on MyGOV platform Solution Challenge for Startups, Entrepreneurs and individuals for proposing technology solutions in the field Bioinformatics, datasets, Apps for diagnosis etc th at can be leveraged for strengthening the fight against Corona. Digicate IAS A total prize money of INR 22,50,000 has been committed by UN Women
Aarogya SetuDigicate IAS
a mobile application BY GoI to connect health services and the people in the fight against COVID-19. Helps informing the users about the potential risk of infection, best practices and relevant medical advisories Digicate IAS iGOT — Integrated GovernmentDigicate Online IASTraining
It offers online training for doctors, nurses, paramedics, hygiene workers, technicians, Auxiliary Nursing
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Midwives (ANMS), central & state govt. officers, civil defenceofficials, various police organisations and other volunteers to help fight the COVID-19 pandemic.
DikshaDigicate portal IAS
DIKSHA Portal is an initiative of HRD ministry for providing a digital platform to teacher to make their lifestyle more digital. It will help teachers boost their teaching skills and create their own profileDigicate with their skills IAS and knowledge. Operation Shield
by Delhi Govt SHIELDDigicate stands for IAS sealing, home quarantine, isolation and tracing, essential supply, local sanitation and door-to-door checks. It will be implemented in 21 localities identified as containment zones in Delhi
SAMARTH ERP
‘SAMARTH Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)’ By Ministry of Human Resource Development (HRD) Launched under the National Mission of Education in Information and Communication Technology Scheme (NMEICT). Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) refers to a type of software used to manage day-to-day business activities such as accounting, procurement, project management, risk management and compliance, and supply chain operations. Samarth ERP is an open source, robust and secure ERP system for Universities and Higher Educational Institutions. Digicate IAS Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan
A combinedDigicate economic IAS package of Rs 20 lakh crore(10% of the GDP). To spur growth and built a self-reliant India. scheme will pay special attention on tax payers, farmers, labourers, cottage industries and MSMEs. scheme will help strengthen the chain of local supply and promote the locally produced products. PRAKASH– Power Rail Koyla Availability through Supply Harmony PortalThe portal is developed by National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC). The portal is launched to bring better coordination for coal supplies among all stakeholders. Digicate IAS Digicate IAS
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Measures Under Atmanirbhar Bharat AbhiyanPart 2/2 Other Measures
Statutory Provident Fund contribution is reduced from 12% to 10%. LiquidityDigicate relief IAS to all EPF establishments through infusion of Rs 2,500 crore. Rs 30,000 crore liquidity is being injected to help the struggling NBFCs. Discoms are highly affected due to COVID-19 crisis. Therefore, liquidity of Rs 90,000 crore is to be injected. Real Estate (RERA Projects) Pending projects and registration dates are extended by 6 months. Taxation - TDS and TCS rates are reduced by 25%. Digicate IAS
Measures Under Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan Part 1/2 For MSMEsDigicate IAS
New Definition of MSME : An enterprise to come under the category of MSME if it has Investment Upto Micro Unit - 1 crore Small Unit - 10 croreMedium - more than 20 crore ANDTurnover Micro - 5 Crore Small - 50 crore Medium - 100 crore Both conditions are mandatory. The differentiation between the manufacturing and service based MSMEs is removed. Collateral Free Loans worth of Rs 3 lakh, to firms with outstanding loans of Rs5 2crore or whose annual turn over is Rs 100 crore. Rs 20,000 crore is being infused into the economy Stressed MSMEs through debt-based scheme. Fund of Funds - to infuse Rs 50,000 crore. Global tenders will not be allowed in government procurement for tenders upto Rs 200 crores. E-Market Linkages are to be strengthened. Digicate IAS
BharatMarket Digicate IAS a national e-commerce marketplace to be launched by Confederation of All India Traders (CAIT) for all retail traders in collaboration with several technology partners. It will provide end-to-end services in the logistics and supply chains, from manufacturers to end consumers. It aims to bring 95 per cent of retail traders onboard the platform, who will be theDigicate shareholders IAS and the portal will be run exclusively byDigicate the traders IAS
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National Infrastructure Pipeline Project(NIP)
Announced in 2019 Digicate is a group ofIAS social and economic infrastructure projects over a period of 5 years(2019 - 2025) The emphasis would be on ease of living: safe drinking water, access to clean and affordable energy, healthcare for all, modern railway stations, airports, bus terminals and world-class educational institutes etc. Budget - 102 lakh crore (US$1.4 trillion) 78% projects - by centre and states, 22% projects - by the private sector. Digicate IAS The NIP is a pillar of GoI’s aim to become a $5 trillion economy by 2025. News- The task force on NIP has submitted its final report to the Finance Minister. Digicate IAS
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#1liners
Ingenuity
Digicate It is a robotic IAS helicopter, to be deployed in Mars 2020 mission of NASA. Mars Mission 2020 It will seek signs of habitable conditions on Mars ando bi signatures of past microbial life. COROSURE World’s most affordable COVID-19 kit, developed by IIT Delhi. Digicate IAS The Testing capacity of India is to go up to 20 lakhs per day, from current 3 lakhs per day.
Shudh Device Digicate IAS It’s a Sanitizing Device developed by IIT Kanpur Its based on UV Technology. The device is capable to disinfect 10 ×10 square feet room in just 15 Minutes. 1. Bug bounty programme: programme will enable security researchers to avail rewards for finding security vulnerabilities within the aarogya setu app. 2. Mizoram has provided industrial status to Sports
BCG Vaccine
Tuberculosis vaccines It is under trial for checking its efficacy against Novel Coronavirus.
National Test Abhyas
App by Minstry of HRD Digicate IAS It will help the candidates to take mock tests for exams such as JEE Mains, NEET, etc Digicate IAS Resistance Front (TRF)
A terror organization who is responsibility for the recent attack on Army in J&K.
Vande Bharat Mission Government evacuation exercises to bring home nearly 14,800 Indian nationalsDigicate stranded IAS abroad due to the Corona virus lockdown.Digicate (From May IAS 7 to May 14).
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GARUD Portal:
launched by DGCA to fast-track exemptions of coronavirus-related drone operations. Digicate IAS Operation Samudra Setu
Launched by Indian Navy to repatriate Indian citizens from overseas.
National Transit Pass System (NTPS) Digicate IAS
an online transit pass generation system for timber, bamboo and other forest produce. launched by Ministry of Environment
Agatti islandDigicate IAS
coral atoll, in Lakshadweep news - NGT put a stay on felling of coconut trees for the purpose of forming a Beach Road on the island
Arktika-M satellite
To be Launched by Russia to monitor the Arctic climate and environment. remote-sensing and emergency communications satellite Pooram Festival Kerala’s annual festival, celebrations are dedicated to goddesses Durga.
Toman
Iran’s new Currency, would replace Rial. 1. Jet Zero plan Announced by the United Kingdom (U.K.) to bring down its aviation emissions. 2. ‘Reservation is not a fundamental right’ - Supreme Court Digicate IAS 3. PK Mohanty panel:Constituted by RBI. To review guidelines of ownership of private sector banks. 4. Vaccine nationalism It refers to securingDigicate doses IAS of vaccine for own citizens or residents before they are made available in other countries
Genome
It is the genetic material of an organism. It consists of DNA (or RNA in RNA viruses). Digicate IAS Gene mapping Digicate IAS
It describes the methods used to identify the locus of a gene and the distances between genes.
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Digicate IAS MAINS 1000+ Digicate IAS (CSM 2020/21)
Digicate IAS Features #5MinRead Articles 500 Current Affairs Topics #1Min Revision Friendly Content
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#Economy_Basics
Gig economy
CompaniesDigicate tend IAS towards hiring independent contractors and freelancers instead of full-time employees. It undermines the traditional economy of full-time workers. As per an estimate, the gig economy is generating 56% employment in India and going to grow 25-30 % per annum. Digicate IAS
Forex Reserves RBI Act andDigicate the Foreign IAS Exchange Management Act, 1999 set the legal provisions for governing the foreign exchange reserves. RBI accumulates foreign currencyreserves by purchasing from authorized dealers in open market operations. India’s total Forex reserves stand at around US$ 493.48 Billion on 29th May 2020(all time high).
Forex reserves are held by RBI in
1. Foreign Currency Assets 2. Gold 3. Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) of IMF 4. Reserve Tranche Position Activity Status: The activity status of a person is determined on the basis of the activities pursued by the person during the specified reference period. Two Types Usual Status: determined on the basis of the reference period ofDigicate the last 365 IAS days preceding the date of survey. Current Weekly Status (CWS): determined on the basis of a reference period of the last 7 days precedingDigicate the date of IASsurvey Unemployment Rate (UR): UR is defined as the percentage of persons unemployed among the persons in the labour force. Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR): LFPR is defined as the percentage of persons in the labou r force (i.e. working or seeking or available for work) in the population. Female Labour Force Participation Rate: It is the share of working-age women who report either being employed, or being available for work. Digicate IAS Worker Population Ratio (WPR):Digicate WPR IASis defined as the percentage of employed persons ine th population.
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Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS)
It is India’s first computer-based survey launched by the National Statistical Office (NSO) in 2017. Digicate It has been IAS constituted based on the recommendation of Amitabh KunduCommittee Two objectives To estimate the key employment and unemployment indicators (viz. Worker Population Ratio, Labour Force Participation Rate, Unemployment Rate) in the short time interval of three months for the urban areas only in the Current Weekly Status (CWS) To estimate employment and unemployment indicators in both usualDigicate status and CWSIAS in both rural and urban areas annually. Before PLFS the NSSO (previous name of NSO) used to bring the data related to employment and unemployment based household socio-economic survey programme. Digicate IAS Sample Registration System (SRS)
It is released by the Registrar General of India It is a annual demographic survey for social indicators like infant mortality rate, birth rate, death rate and other fertility and mortality indicators. Initiated in 1964-65
Essential Commodities Act 1955
It is used by the Government to regulate the production, supply and distribution of commodities declared as essentials’ in order to make them available to consumers at fair prices. The list of items under the Act includedrugs, fertilisers, petroleum and petroleum products. Centre can include/exclude commodities Centre can also fix the Maximum Retail Price (MRP) of any packaged product that it declares an ‘essential commodity’. Digicate IAS
External Commercial Borrowing Digicate IAS It is instrument used in India to facilitate Indian companies to raise money outside the country in foreign currency. ECBs are governed by Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA), 1999 along with Foreign Exchange Management (Borrowing or Lending in Foreign Exchange) Regulations, 2000. ECB is not Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). In case of FDI, foreign money is only used to finance equity capital, But in case of ECB, foreign money is usedto finance anyDigicate kind of funding IAS other than equity. Digicate IAS
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Trade war
A trade war happens when one country retaliates against another by raising import tariffs or placing otherDigicate restrictions IAS on the opposing country’s imports.
Currency war
A currency war refers to a situation where a number of nations seek to deliberately depreciate the value of their domestic currencies in order to stimulate their economiesDigicate byIAS stimulating exports.
Securitization
Its conversionDigicate of an asset(like IAS Loan), into marketable securities for raising cash by selling them.
Asset Reconstruction
Its buying of bad loans/ NPAs by a Company from banks and financial institutions(FIs), so that banks/ FIs could make recovery of their bad loan
MSP
Its an agricultural product price set by the government to purchase directly from the farmer. It is guarantee price for farmers produce from the Government. Objectives - to support the farmers from distress sales and to procure food grains for public distribution. Announced at the beginning of the sowing season for certain crops on the basis of the recommendations of Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP). List of crops Cereals (7) - paddy, wheat, barley, jowar, bajra, maize and ragi Pulses (5) - gram, arhar/ tur, moong, urad and lentil Digicate IAS Oilseeds (8) - groundnut, rapeseed/mustard, toria, soyabean, sunflower seed, sesamum, safflower seed and nigerseedDigicate Raw cotton, IAS Raw jute, Copra, De-husked coconut Sugarcane (Fair and remunerative price) Virginia flu cured (VFC) tobacco
GAFA Ta
Its named after Google, Apple, Facebook, Amazon It is a proposed digital tax to be levied on large technology and internet companies. Digicate IAS Digicate IAS
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Significant Economic Presence (SEP)
Transaction in respect of any goods, services or property carried out by a non-resident in India, including Digicatethe provision IAS of download of data or software in India.
Equalization Levy
Finance Act, 2016 introduced it, at internet advertising providers that earn income from India, and do not have a permanent establishment for tax purposes in India. Digicate IAS
Jaya Jaitly task force
ConstitutedDigicate recently IAS by Ministry of Women and Child Development To examine issues related to age of motherhood, lowering Maternal Mortality Rate and improvement of nutritional levels.
Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups(PVTGs)
Tribal communities who have declining or stagnant population, low level of literacy, pre-agricultural level of technology and are economically backward. They generally inhabit remote localities having poor infrastructure and administrative support. These groups are among the most vulnerable section of our society as they are few in numbers, have not attained any significant level of social and economic development. 75 such groups have been identified and categorized as PVTGs by Ministry of Home Affairs.
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#Facts_Prelims
RevolutionaryDigicate IAS Organisations during Freedom Movement 1. Vyayam Mandal - by Chapekar Brothers, in Pune (1896) 2. Mitra Mela by Savarkar Brothers , Nasik(1901) (It is transformed into Abhinav Bharat Society/Young India Society in 1903) 3. Anushilan Samiti - by Satish Chandra Basu and Pramathanath Mitra,Digicate at Calcutta (1902)IAS 4. Swadesh Bandhab Samiti - Ashwini Kumar Dutta (1905) 5. Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) - by Sachindra Nath Sanyal, Narendra Mohan Sen, 6. Pratul Ganguly at Kanpur (1924) 7. BharatDigicate Naujawan IASSabha - by Bhagat Singh, at Lahore (1926) 8. Hindustan Socialist Republican Association Army (HSRA) by Chandrasekhar Azad, Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev Thapar, at New Delhi (1928) 9. Indian Home Rule Society - by Shyamji Krishna Varma, London (1905) 10. Indian Independence League Taraknath Das , California (USA) 1907 11. Gadar Party, Lala Hardayal, USA & Canada (1913)
Socio-Religious Organizations during Freedom Movement - Part 3/3
1. Belur Mutt - Swami Vivekanand 2. Hindu Mahasabha - Madan Mohan Malviya 3.Women Indian Association - Lady Sadashiva Ayyar 4.Asiatic Society - William Jones 5.Social Service League - Narayan Malhar Joshi 6.Banaras Hindu University – Madan Mohan Malviya 7. Swatantra Shramik Party – DR. B.R. Ambedakar Digicate IAS 8. Hindustan Socialist Republic Association - Ram Prasad Bismil
Socio-ReligiousDigicate Organizations IAS during Freedom Movement- (Part 2/3)
1.Servants of People Society - Lala Lajpat Rai, 2.Gyan Prasarak Mandali - Dadabai Nouroji 3. Vishwa Bharti (Kolkata) - Rabindranath Tagore 4. Vedanta College – Raja Ram Mohan Ray 5. Ved Samaj - Acharya Keshava Chandra Sen Digicate IAS 6. Sharada Sadan – RamaDigicate Bai IAS 7. Scientific Society - Sir Sayyed Ahmad Khan
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8.Poona Sarvajanik Sabha – S. H. Chiplunkar, Ganesh Vasudeo Joshi, Mahadev Govind Ranade 9. Paramhansa Sabha - Durgaram Mehtaji, Dadoba Pandurang 10. Mumbai Presidency Association - Feroze Shah Mehta Digicate IAS Socio-Religious Organisations during Freedom Movement - (Part 1/3)
1.Arya Samaj - Swami Dayanand Sarswati 2. Brahmo samaj - Raja Ram Mohan Roy 3.Ramakrishna mission - Swami Vivekanand Digicate IAS 4. Prarthana samaj - RG Bhandarkar & MG Ranade 5. Gadar party - Lala Hardayal 6. Atmiya sabha - Raja Ram Mohan Roy 7. TattvabodhiniDigicate sabha IAS - Debendra Nath Tagore 8.Satyashodhak samaj - Jyotirao Phule 9.Harijan sevak sangh - Mahatma Gandhi 10.Missionaries of Charity - Mother Teresa 11.Bahiskrit Hitkarni Sabha - Dr BR Ambedkar 12. Dev Samaj - Swami Satyanand Agnihotri 13. Rashtriya Swayam Sevak Sangh - Dr Baliram Hedgewar
Geo-Heritage Site - Part 03Chattisgarh
Lower Permian Marine bed at Manendragarh, Surguja Karnataka 1. Columnar Lava, St Mary Island Udupi 2. Pillow lavas near Mardihalli, Chitradurga 3. Peninsular Gneiss, Lalbagh, Banglore 4. Pyroclastics & Pillow lavas, Kolar Gold fields, Kolar Digicate IAS HimachalPradesh 1.Siwalik FossilDigicate Park, Saketi, IAS Sirmur Odisha 1.Pillow Lava in lron ore belt at Nomira, Keonjhar Jharakhand 1. Plant Fossil bearing Inter-trappean beds of Rajmahal Formation and upper Gondwana sequence around Mandro, Sahibganj Nagaland Digicate IAS 1. Nagahill Ophiolite Site nearDigicate Pungro, IAS Sikkim 1. Stromatolite bearing Dolomite / Limestone of Buxa Formation at Mamley, near Namchi, South district.
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Geo-Heritage Sites - Part 02
Kerala Digicate 1. Angadipuram IAS Laterite 2. Varkala Cliff Section, Thiruvanatapuram Rajasthan 1. Sendra Granite, Pali 2. Barr Conglomerate, Pali 3. Stromatolite Fossil Park, Jharmarkotra Rock Phosphate deposit, UdaipurDigicate IAS 4.Gossan in Rajpura-Dariba, Udaipur 5.Stromatolite Park near Bhojunda, Chittaurgarh 5.Akal Fossil Wood Park, Jaisalmer 6. KishangarhDigicate Nepheline IAS Syenite, Ajmer 7. Welded Tuff, Jodhpur 8. Malani Igneous Suite, Jodhpur 9. Great Boundary Fault at Satur, Bundi Maharashtra 1. Lonar Lake, Buldana Gujrat 1. Sedimentary Structures – Eddy Markings, Kadan Dam, Panch Mahal
Medieval India - Mughal Empire
1. Diwan-i-Wazarat - Department of revenue & finances 2. Diwan-i-Arz - Military department 3. Diwan-i-Rasalatmuhtasib - Foreign affairs department 4. Diwan-i-insha - Custodian of govt. papers 5. Diwan-i-quza - Justice department Digicate IAS 6. Diwan-i-Barid - Intelligence department 7. Diwan-i-SamanDigicate - Department IAS in charge of royal household 8. Diwan - Responsible for all income and expenditur 9. Mir Bakshi - Head of the military department and nobilit 10. Mir Saman - Incharge of imperial households (Karkhanas) 11. Diwan-i-Bayutat - Maintained roads, govt. buildings 12 Mir Manshi - Royal correspondence 13. Sadr-us-Sadr - Incharge of charitable & religious endowments Digicate IAS 14. Qazi-ul-Quzat - HeadDigicate of judicial department IAS
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Geo-Heritage Sites
Also called as National Geological Monuments, and are declared by Geological Survey of India (GSIDigicate) IAS They are geographical areas of national importance and heritage for protection and maintenance and Geotourism. GSI and the respective State governments take necessary measures to protect these sites.
Geo-Heritage Sites - Part 01 Digicate IAS
Andhra Pradesh 1. Volcanogenic bedded Barytes, Cuddapah 2. EparchaeanDigicate Unconformity, IAS Chittor 3. Natural Geological Arch, Tirumala Hills, Chittor 4. Erra Matti Dibbalu ( Red Sand Hills) Visakhapatnam City Tamil Nadu 1. Fossil wood, Thiruvakkarai, South Arcot 2.National fossil wood park, Sattanur, Tiruchirapalli 3. Charnockite, St. Thomas Mount, Madras. 4. Badlands of Karai Formation and Cretaceous fossils – Perambalur
Medieval India - Delhi Sultanate
1. Wazir - Prime Minister and in charge of revenue & finances. 2. Ariz-i-Mumalik - Head of military department 3. Qazi - Legal Officer, dispensing Sharia law 4. Wakil-i-dar - Controller of Royal household 5. Majlis-i-am - Council of friends and officers consulted on importantDigicate ffairsa of the stateIAS 6. Dahir-i-mumalik - Head of Royal correspondence 7. Sadr-i-jahan - Officers in charge of religious matters and endowments 8. Amir-i-dadDigicate - Public prosecutor IAS 9. Qazi-i-mumalik - Chief Justice 10. Amir-i-Akhur - Officer commanding Royal Horses
Key Terms - Medieval India 1. Sipahsalar - The Head executive Digicate IAS 2. Diwan - Incharge of revenueDigicate department IAS 3. Bakshi - Incharge of military department
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4. Sadr - Incharge of judicial department 5. Fauzdar - Administrative Head 6.Amal/Amalguzar - Revenue collection Digicate 7. Kotwal - IASMaintenance of law & order; trial of criminal cases; price regulation 8. Muqaddam Headman 9.Patwari Accountant 10. CHowkidar Watchman Digicate IAS Ancient India - Gupta Period
1. Mahabaladhikrita - Commander-in-Chief 2. Mahadandanayak - Chief Justice 3. MahapratiharDigicate - IASMaintenance of RoyalPalace 4. Mahasandhivigrahak - Post-war conciliation 5.Dandapashika - Police department head 6. Bhandagaradhikreta - Head of Royal treasury 7. Mahapaksha-patalik - Head of account department 8. Vinayasthitisansathapak - Head of education department 9. Sarvadhyaksha - Inspector for all central department 10. Mahashwapati - Controller of cavalry 11. Mahamahipilapati - Controller & executor of elephantry 12. Vinayapura - Official to present different guests at the King’s court 13. Yuktapurusha - Office to keep account of war booty 14. Khadyatpakika - Inspector of Royal Kitchen 15. Ranabhandagarika - Officer in charge of Army Stores 16. Mahanarpati - Head of infantry
Ancient India - Vedic Period Digicate IAS 1. VrajapatiDigicate - Officer-in-charge IAS of pasture land 2. Purohita- Priest of highest order 3.Jivagribha - Police official 4. Senani - Supreme commander-in-chief 5.Gramani - Head of the village 6. Kulapati - Head of the famil 7. Spasas - Spies & Messenger Digicate IAS 8.Bhagadugha - RevenueDigicate collector IAS 9.Madhyamasi - Mediator for dispute solving
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10. Palagala - Messenger 11. Sanghrahriti - Treasurer 12. Kshatri - Chamberlain 13.Digicate Sthapati - ChiefIAS Judge 14. Mahishi - Chief Queen 15. Govikartana - Keeper of forests & games 16. Akshavapa - Accountant 17. Takshan – Carpenter Digicate IAS
Ancient India - Maurya Empire
1. Sannidhata – Treasurer/ In charge of revenue collection 2. SamhartaDigicate– Revenue IAS collector 3.Amatyas– civil servants to look after the day-to-day administration (similar to the IAS officers of a modern India) 4. Rajukas - authority of rewarding as well we punishing people. 5. Adhyaksas- looked after the various departments. 6. Yuktas- subordinate official engaged largely in secretarial works and accounting 7. Gopa and Sthanika- intermediate level of administrators between the district level and village level, 8. Gramika- Head of the village. 9. Grambhojaka- Helped Gramika 10. Pramukha- Chief of Shrenis(Guilds of Handicrafts)
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Digicate IAS MAINS 1000+ Digicate IAS (CSM 2020/21)
Digicate IAS Features #5MinRead Articles 500 Current Affairs Topics #1Min Revision Friendly Content
Content in Lucid @ Point Format simplifed Content
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DigicateComprehensive IAS Data / Figures / Analysis Examples
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#Reports and Indices
ReportsDigicate Published IAS by IMF(International Monetary Fund
1. World Economic Outlook (WEO) 2. Global Financial Stability Report (GFSR) 3. Fiscal Monitor (FM) Digicate IAS
Reports/Indexes by Transparency International
1. Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) 2. GlobalDigicate Corruption Report IAS 3. Global Corruption Barometer 4. Bribe Payers Index
Reports/Indices by United Nations Department for Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA)
1. International Migration Report 2. E-Government Development Index 3. World Economic Situation and Prospectus Report 4. World’s Women Report 5. World Population Prospects
Environment Performance Index (EPI Index 2020) India has secured 168 rank in the EPI Index 2020 Digicate IAS The EPI measures the environmental performance of 180 countries. EPI is a biennial index prepared by Yale University and Columbia University in collaboration with the World EconomicDigicate Forum. IAS
World Happiness Report - 2020
It is a measure of happiness published by the United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions Network (UN-SDSN). Criterias for ranking Digicate IAS 1. GDP per capita Digicate IAS 2. Healthy years of life expectancy,
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3. Social Support, 4. Trust (measured by a perceived absence of corruption), 5. Perceived Freedom to make life decisions & Digicate 6. Generosity IAS (measured by recent donations) 1st Rank - Finland (world’s happiest nation) Bottom 3 countries(world’s least Happy) Zimbabwe, South Sudan and Afghanistan (afflicted by violent conflicts and extreme poverty) India ranks 144 out of 156 countries and among the Digicateworld’s least IAS happy nations. India’s ranking has been declining steadily from 2013
Rule of Law index
ReleasedDigicate by the World IAS Justice Project- an independent organisation. It is a quantitative assessment tool about the extent to which countries adhere to the rule of law in practice. It covers 128 countries. It measures countries’ rule of law performance across eight factors: (1) Constraints on Government Powers, (2) Absence of Corruption, (3) Open Government, (4) Fundamental Rights, (5) Order and Security, (6) Regulatory Enforcement, (7) Civil Justice, and (8) Criminal Justice News - it was in news as a petition was filed in supreme court to improve India’s ranking in the Index
Indices/Reports by WORLD BANK
1.Global Economic Prospects 2.Digital dividend report 3.Regulatory Indicators for Sustainable Energy(RISE) 4.Human Capital Index 5.Poverty and Shared Prosperity Digicate IAS 6.Energy Efficiency Readiness 7.WorldDigicate Development IAS Report
Sustainable Development Solutions Network
launched in 2012 Located in New York City. established under the auspices of the United Nations Secretary-General. Digicate IAS to mobilize scientific andDigicate technical expertiseIAS in support of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Paris Climate Agreement.
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Multidimensional Poverty Index 2019
It is a measure that takes into account the incidence of poverty and the extent of deprivation. It Digicateis calculated byIAS Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). The MPI value ranges between 0 and 1(from lowest to highest It has been calculated for 105 developing economies. Multidimensionally poor means that poverty is defined not simply by income, but by umbera n of indicators, including poor health, poor quality of work and the threat of violence.Digicate IAS Findings of 2019 Report As per Index 1.3 billion people in the world are still multidimensionally poor. Every second child below the age of 18 years is multidimensionally poor in the world. India liftedDigicate 271 million peopleIAS out of poverty between 2006 and 2016, (reduced from 0.283 in 2005-06 to 0.123 in 2015-16)
Energy Transition Index (ETI) 2020
Released byWorld Economic Forum It measures readiness of a country for clean energy transition. Its intended to enable policy-makers and businesses to plot the course for a successful energy transition. it builds on its predecessor, the Energy Architecture Performance Index Sweden - 1st (3rd time is a row) out of 115 countries Switzerland - 2nd India - 74th
Ease of Doing Business Index
It is being released as part of the World Bank every year. It was introduced in 2004 Digicate IAS The ranking of a country is based on index averages on following indicators, each having equal weight age. The indicatorsDigicate are - IAS Ease of starting business Getting electricity Dealing with construction permits Registering property Protecting investors Access to credit Digicate IAS Digicate IAS Employing workers Trading across borders
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Paying taxes Enforcing contracts &11. Resolving insolvency A higher ranking of a country means that its regulatory environment is more conducive and favourable Digicatefor the starting IAS and operation of firms. India ranks at 63rd among 190 countries, moved 14 places from the previous year (77th rank in 2018).
Human Development Index 2019
released by UN Development Programme (UNDP) as part of Human DigicateDevelopment IAS Report. It measures average achievement in three basic dimensions of human development, i. Life expectancy, ii. Education and iii.Per capita income. HDI 2019 India ranks129 out of 189 countries Norway,Digicate Switzerland, IAS Ireland occupied the top 3 Among India’s neighbours, Sri Lanka (71) and China (85) are higher up the rank scale. Bhutan (134), Bangladesh (135), Myanmar (145), Nepal (147), Pakistan (152) and Afghanistan (170) were ranked lower on the list.
World Economic Forum
- Reports and Indexes 1.Inclusive growth & Development Report 2.Environmental Performance Index 3.Global Competitiveness Index 4. Global Energy Architecture Performance Index Repor 5. Global Gender Gap Report 6.Global Information Technology Report 7. Human Capital Report 8. Inclusive growth & Development report 9. Outlook on Global Agenda Digicate IAS 10. The Global Risk Report 11. TravelDigicate and Tourism IAS Competitiveness Report
Global Nutrition Report 2020
Released by World Health Organization 4 nutritional indicators 1. anemia among women in reproductive age 2. stunting among childrenDigicate under-5, IAS Digicate IAS 3. exclusive breast feeding 4. Childhood overweight.
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Global Nutrition Targets By World Health Assembly in 2012 1. To reduce anaemic conditions among women by 50% Digicate 2.To reduce IAS stunting in under-5 children by 40% 3.To reduce underweight births by 30% 4.To reduce childhood wasting to less than 5%. - 1 in 9 people in the world are hungry and undernourished. India Digicate IAS India along with 88 countries are likely to miss global nutrition targets by 2025, Under 5 years stunting - 37.9% Under 5 years wasting - 20.8% (Asia averageDigicate of 22.7% IAS and 9.4% respectively.) anaemia Male - 17.8% Women - 21.6% India is among the three worst performing countries, along with Nigeria and Indonesia regarding Stunting.
Open Budget Survey (OBS) 2019
Released by International Budget Partnership (IBP), biennialy. It rates the level of budgettransparency across countries on a scale of 0-100, based on internationally comparable indicators. The survey covers 117 countries. New Zealand ranks first India, is placed at number 53.
Global Energy Review Report 2020 Digicate IAS By International Energy Agency (IEA) Global energyDigicate demand declined IAS by 3.8% in the first quarter of 2020 compared to that of 2019 CO2 Emissions decline in 2020 could be 8% lower than in 2019, which would be the lowest level of emissions since 2010. India experienced a reduction in its energy demands by 30% as a result of the nation-wide lockdown.
State of Food Security and Nutrition report. Digicate IAS Digicate IAS
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Released recently by UN prepared by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), World Health Organization (WHO), World Food P rogramme (WFP) and UNICEF. Digicate Report says IAS that around 8.9% of the world population, that is 690 million went hungry in 2019.
GRID Report 2020
Global Report on Internal Displacement (GRID) released by Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre( IDMC), Genava.Digicate IAS India - 5 million people have been displaced. World - 33 Million Reasons - social and economic vulnerability, hazard intensity and high population. Digicate IAS
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#Prelims_tricks
TropicalDigicate Evergreen IAS Trees( given in NCERT) : R E M A (Rema) Rosewood, Ebony, Mahogany, Aini Semi Evergreen ( in NCERT): C H K (check) ccedar, hallock, Kail Tropical Deciduous Dry( in NCERT): P A K ka T A B ela ( Pak ka Tabela) Palas, amaltas, Khair, Tendu, Axlewood , Bel Tropical Deciduous Moist (in NCERT) : SSS AT ( Three Sat) Sandalwood,Digicate Sal, Shisham, IAS Amla, Teak Great Lakes of USA = Homes Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie, Superior Formation of states in Chronological Order: AaM GuNaH Hi Meg ManTri Si GArMi de sakta hai -ye CHinU sab JanaTa hai. A = AndhraDigicate Pradesh (1953) IAS M = Maharashtra (1960) Gu = Gujarat (1960) Na = Nagaland (1963) H = Hariyana (1966) Hi = Himanchal Pradesh (1971) Meg = Meghalaya (1972) Man = Manipur (1972) Tri = Tripura (1972) Si = Sikkim (1975) G = Goa (1987) Ar = Arunanchal Pradesh (1987) Mi = Mizoram (1987) CH= chhatisgarh UK=UTTERAKHAND JH= JHARKHAND Digicate IAS TEL=TELANGANA Digicate IAS Tropical Evergreen Trees( given in NCERT) :
R E M A (Rema) Rosewood, Ebony, Mahogany, Aini
Semi Evergreen ( in NCERT):
C H K (check) cedar, hallock, Kail Digicate IAS Digicate IAS
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Tropical Deciduous Dry( in NCERT):
Palas, amaltas, Khair, Tendu, Axlewood , Bel Digicate IAS Tropical Dciduous Moist (in NCERT) : SSS AT ( Three Sat)
Sandalwood, Sal, Shisham, Amla, Teak
Official languages of UNO = FACERS Digicate IAS
F- French A- Arabic C- ChineseDigicate IAS E- Englis R- Russia S- Spanish 5 Principal organs of United Nations : GS IS ECONOMICS G- General Assembly S- Security Council I- International Court of Justice S- Secretariat ECONOMICS- Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)
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Length of Boundary India Shares In Decreasing Order
TRICK :- BACHPAN BangladeshDigicate China IAS Pakistan States With Bicameral System = KAMBUJ Tv (KAMBOJ , is one of 16 mahajanapadas) K – Karnataka A – Andhra Pradesh M - Maharastra B – Bihar Digicate IAS U - Uttar Pradesh J – Jammu & Kasmir T – Telangana CountriesDigicate located around IAS the Adriatic Sea (in clockwise direction): “Infinitely Slim Cockroach Bit My Aunt” (Italia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Albania).
Countries around Baltic Sea
One day in the midst of Baltic Sea, RuDe Germany SELL Poland & Finland : RuDe Germany SELL Poland & Finland : Ru- Russia De- Denmark Germany S- Sweden E- Estonia L- Latvia L- Lithuania Poland Finland
Members of Mekong-Ganga Cooperation = LIMCa TV Digicate IAS
L- Laos I- India Digicate IAS M- Myanmar Ca- Cambodia (not China, Pay attention) T- Thailand V- Vietnam
Digicate IAS Digicate IAS
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8 Core Industries of India = CCC FRENS
C- Coal Digicate C- Crude Oil IAS C- Cement F- Fertilizers R- Refinery Products E- Electricity N- Natural Gas Digicate IAS S- Steel
Tropic of Cancer Passes through eight states: Digicate IAS Trick:- West Me Gujarat Rajasthan, Mujhe Jharkhand Chahiye Tha.
W- West Bengal M - Madhya Pradesh G - Gujarat R- Rajasthan M- Mizoram J- Jharkhand C- Chattisgarh T- Tripura
Important fold mountains:
U ARe A Himalaya U :- Ural Mountain. A :- Alps Mountain. Digicate IAS R :- Rocky Mountain A :- AndesDigicate Mountain. IAS H :-Himalaya.
Digicate IAS Digicate IAS
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Revision Tests 2020
Total Tests - 30 Crisp Solution - 30 Remarks / MCQ Solution techniques
Quick Revisions through Tests Just Practice Before D-Day
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#Geography_Current
Places In News - Nako La Digicate IAS
Digicate IAS
NewsDigicate - Recently, IndianIAS and Chinese troops were engaged in a temporary face-off along the Line of Actual Control (LAC) at Naku La (Sikkim) and near Pangong Tso Lake (Eastern Ladakh). Nako La a pass at a height of more than 5,000 metres on Sikkim - Tibet Border.
Tuting-Tidding Suture Zone (TTSZ)
It is a major part of the Eastern Himalaya, where the Himalaya takes a sharp southward bend and connects with the Indo-Burma Range. Recent study has shown that, It is generating moderate earthquakes at two different depths in Arunachal Pradesh.
AMPHAN Super Cyclone
Its tropical cyclone developed over Bay of Bengal. Affected Regions: West Bengal, Odisha and Bangladesh. Digicate IAS It has been named by Thailand
Daporijo DigicateBridge IAS
inaugurated on Subansiri River, a tributary of Brahmaputra. Development- by BRO(Border Roads Organisation) It will allow the speedier movement of men and logistics material towards the Line of Actual Control (LAC) with China. Zealandia Digicate IAS Digicate IAS
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Digicate IAS
Digicate IAS
It is also called as New Zealand continent or Tasmantis - It is 8th Continent, Its existence was confirmed as 8th continent in 2017. 94% of Zealandia’sDigicate 2 million IAS square miles are underwater, It is an almost entirely submerged mass of continental crust that subsided after breaking away from Gondwanaland 83–79 million years ago. The name and concept for Zealandia was proposed by Bruce Luyendyk in 1995 NEWS Researchers from GNS Science in New Zealand have announced that they mapped the shape and size of the Zealandia continent.
New Names for Tropical Cyclones
169 names released by IMD(Indian Meteorological Department) for Indian Ocean Region. contributed by 13 countries - India, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Myanmar, Oman, Thailand, Qatar, UAE, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Iran.
Regional Specialize Meteorological Centre(RSMC) Digicate IAS works under WMD - 6 centres worldwide responsible for the distribution of information, advisories, warnings and Naming of the Tropical Cyclones. RSMC - NewDigicate Delhi works IAS under IMD and is responsible to name the cyclones in the region of Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea. The suggestion of names of cyclones is given by India, Bangladesh, Maldives, Myanmar, Pakistan, Oman, Sri Lanka and Thailand News - The decision was taken during the 45th session of Panel on Tropical Cyclones (PTC) held by World Meteorological Organization(WMO). Digicate IAS Digicate IAS Nag River
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Digicate IAS
It is a river flowing through the city of Nagpur in Maharashtra. Digicate IAS It’s a part of the Kanhan-Pench river system. News- Recently Bombay High Court observed that Industrialisation has reduced Nag river to a cursed lady.
River VamsadharaDigicate IAS
It is an important east flowing river. Originates in Kalahandi district of Odisha, and joins the Bay of Bengal at Kalingapatnam, Andhra Pradesh. News - CMs of Andhra Pradesh and Odisha will hold talks on sharingDigicate of Water ofIAS Vamsadhara river. Andhra Pradesh wants to build the Neradi bridge across the river. AP govtDigicate also plans to IAS build Nagavali River - Vamsadhara river Interlinking project.
endorheic basin
closed or terminal basin or interior drainage basin It is a limited drainage basin that normally retains water and allows no outflow to other external bodies of water, such as rivers or oceans. Example - Aral Sea betweenDigicate Kazhakstan IAS and Uzbekistan Digicate IAS
Kalapani Area
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an Indian territory in Uttarakhand state It is marked by the Kalapani river, one of the headwaters of the Kali River in the Himalayas. Kalapani along with Lipulekh Pass, forms the route to Kailash–Manasarovar, an ancient pilgrimage site.Digicate IAS The area is disputed by Nepal since 1997 News- Recently, Nepal has Strongly protested against Kailash-Manasarovar link Road built by India. The road connects Uttarakhand’s Dharchula to the Lipulekh pass. Digicate IAS
Digicate IAS
Digicate IAS
Digicate IAS
Antecedent River River that maintains its originalDigicate course and IASpattern despite the changes in underlyingDigicate rock topography. IAS Examples : Indus, Sutlej, Ganga, Brahmaptra, Subansiri, Kosi.
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Superimposed River
River that forms over horizontal beds that overlie folded and faulted rock with varying resistance. Digicate Examples IAS: Chambal, Damoder, Subarnrekha, Banas
Bardoli Chheerha(Nor Westers)
It is a local storm of Summer in Assam and West Bengal. These dreaded evening thunderstorms are also called as ‘KalbaisakhiDigicate’ IAS These showers are useful for tea, jute and rice cultivation.
Permafrost
It is theDigicate land that remains IAS completely frozen at 0 degrees Celsius or below for at least 2 years. It is defined solely based on temperature and duration. It is permanently frozen ground, consisting of soil, sand, and rock held together by ice. Its believed to have formed during glacial periods dating several millennia.
Bay of Bengal is more prone to Tropical cyclones than Arabian Sea - Reasons
Relatively high sea surface temperature in BoB, as its Landlocked Low Salinity due to huge influx of fresh water from rivers like Ganga and Brahmaputra… High evaporation rates in BoB
Factors behind Tropical Cyclones
1. Large sea surface with temperature higher than 27° C. 2. Presence of the Coriolis force enough to create a cyclonic vortex. 3. Small variations in the vertical wind speed. Digicate IAS 4. A pre-existing weak low-pressure area or low-level-cyclonic circulation 5. UpperDigicate divergence IAS above the sea level system.
Kailash Mansarovar
Mount Kailash is a 6,638 m high peak in the Kailash Range It forms part of the Trans Himalaya in the Tibet, China. The mountain is located near Lake Manasarovar and Lake Rakshastal. It is close to the source of some of the longest rivers: Indus,Digicate Sutlej, and IASBrahmaputra. Digicate IAS
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Major Lakes of the World
Digicate IAS
Digicate IAS
Some ImportantDigicate Passes IAS 1. Aghil Pass -Connects Ladakh & Xinjiang (China) 2. Banihal Pass, Pir Panjal Range.Connects Banihal with Qazigund 3. Bara-lacha-La Himachal Pradesh. It is situated in Zanskar range 4. Bomdi La - Arunachal Pradesh, Connects Arunachal Pradesh with Lhasa (Tibet) 5. Chang La Pass, Connects Ladakh with Tibet 6. Chanshal Pass - Himachal Pradesh 7. Debsa Pass Himachal Pradesh, Connects Spiti Valley and Parvati Valley 8. Diphu Pass - Arunachal Pradesh Provides easy and an alternate route to (Mandalay)
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#Art_n_Culture
NewDigicate GI tags IAS Sohrai Khovar Painting is a traditional and ritualistic mural art. It is practised by tribal women during harvest and marriage seasons in Hazaribagh District, Jharkhand. It uses local, naturally available soils of different colours. Digicate IAS The style features a profusion of lines, dots, animal figures and plants, often representing religious iconography.
PattachitraDigicate IAS It is a traditional cloth-based scroll painting of Odisha and West Bengal. It is an ancient art form. Name evolved from the Sanskrit words patta(cloth), and chitra(picture) Paintings are based on Hindu mythology. Odisha style is inspired by Jagannath and Vaishnava sect. West Bengal art is mostly inspired by Shaktism. Natural colours are extensively employed.
Huyen langlon
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Digicate IAS It is an ancient Manipuri Martial Art, Popolarly known as’ thang-ta’ (armed combat) Two main components: 1. thang-ta (armed combat) 2. sarit sarak (unarmed fighting). Main Weapons- thang (sword) and ta (spear). Digicate IAS It is closely related to BurmeseDigicate bando and banshay.IAS - It is practiced in three ways: ritual, demonstration, and combat.
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Bidriware
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It is aDigicate metal handicraf IAS of inlay artworkt from Bidar, Karnataka. developed in the 14th century C.E. during the rule of the Bahamani Sultans The metals used is a blackened alloy of zinc and copper inlaid with pure silver. obtained Geographical Indications (GI) registry techniques and style are influenced by Persian art Design Pattarns various flowers, leaves, geometric designs, human figures, stylized poppy plants with flowers, etc. are commonly found on the items. Centres of Art Bidar and Hyderabad(mail centres), Also practiced at Purnia in Bihar, Lucknow in Uttar Pradesh and Murshidabad in West Bengal.
Geographical Indication(GI)
It is an indication used to identify goods having special characteristics originating from a definite geographical territory. The Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999Agreement, seeks to provide for the registration and better protection of geographical indicationsDigicate relating IAS to goods in India. The Act is administered by the Controller General of Patents, Designs and TradeMarks (Registrar of Geographical Indications). The GeographicalDigicate Indications IAS Registry is located at Chennai. The GI Tag is valid for 10 years. It can be renewed from time to time for a further period of 10 years each. It is in consonance with World Organisation’s Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement.
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Telia Rumal cloth
belongs to Telagana. It Digicateis an art of Ikat IAS tradition using natural vegetable dyes involves intricate handmade work with cotton loom displaying a variety of designs and motifs in three particular colours — red, black and white. These rumals were patronised by Nizams of Hyderabad. Digicate IAS
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#History #History_Basics Digicate IAS
TATTWABODHINI SABHA
Estb in 1839 by DEBENDRANATH TAGORE, as a splinter group of Brahmo Samaj (BS) Published Tattvabodhini Patrika Digicate IAS amalgamated with the Brahmo Samaj in 1859 Amongst its first members were AK DUTT and IC VIDYASAGAR
GovernmentDigicate of India Act IAS 1919 - Part 1
Based on the report of Edwin Montagu(Secretary of State) and Lord Chelmsford(Viceroy). Hence, called as Montagu-Chelmsford reforms or Montford reforms. Features Provincial Government Executive: Dyarchy was introduced, two classes of administrators – Executive Councillors and Ministers. Subjects were dividedo inttwo lists Reserved list (Under Governor) consisted of law and order, irrigation, finance, land revenue, etc. Transferred List(Under Ministers) - education, local government, health, excise, industry, public works, etc. Ministers were responsible to legislature, whereas executive councillors were not. Ministers were nominated from the elected members of the legislative council. The Secretary of State and Governor-General could interfere in matters under the reserved list but this interference was restricted for the transferred list.
Legislature: Digicate IAS Number of elected members were increased (Now about 70% were elected) Some women could also vote. The governor’sDigicate assent was IAS required to pass the bill. He had veto power and could issue ordinances.
Central government Executive:
Governor-General(G-G) =chief executive authority G-G executive council - 3 out of 6 members to be Indian. G-G was vested with ordinance making power and could also certify bills rejectedDigicate by the IAS central legislature. Digicate IAS Two lists for administration – central and provincial
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Legislature:
A bicameral legislature was set up with Legislative Assembly(145 members) andCouncil of State(60 DigicateMale members). IAS legislators could ask questions and also vote a part of the budget(only 25%)
Governor-General
G-Gassent was required for a bill to become law. Digicate IAS He could enact a bill without the legislature’s consent. provided for Limited franchise based on property, tax and education. Extended Communal representation to Indian Christians, Sikhs, Anglo-Indians, and Europeans. Digicate IAS Other Features
Provided for the first time, the establishment of a public service commission in India. provided for setting up a statutory commission to study the working of the Act.(Hence, Simon Commission 1927). created an office of the High Commissioner for India in London.
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GoI Act 1935
1.Establishment of an All-IndiaFederation (provinces and princely states). 2.Digicate Division of powersIAS through Three lists ederal List ( 59 items), Provincial List ( 54 items) Concurrent List (36 items). 3. Residuary powers were vested in Viceroy. (federation never came into being as the princely states did not join it.) Digicate IAS 4. Provinces - Dyarchy abolished introduced ‘provincial autonomy’. introduced responsible governments the governor was required to act with the advice of ministers responsibleDigicate to the provincial IAS legislature. 5. Centre dyarchy introduced. However, this provision of the Act did not come into operation at all. bicameralism introduced in 6 of 11 provinces. Council of India was abolished( established by GoI act 1858). 6. franchise extended, about 10% total population got the voting right 7. communal representation extended. separate electorates for depressed classes (scheduled castes), women and labour (workers). 8. Reserve Bank of India was established 9. provided for the establishment of Federal Public Service Commission, Provincial Public Service Commission and Joint Public Service Commission 10. provided for the establishment of a Federal Court, which was set up in 1937.
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Battle of Plassey, 1757
Reason – The servants of company were indulged in abuse of dastaks in inland trade and not paying Digicateduty. IAS Parties - (Sirajuddaula (Nawab of Bengal) + His French support troop) V/S Robert Clive Result → Robert clive won & marked Foundation of British Rule in India Battle of Buxar, 1764 Parties - Between (Nawab of Bengal Mir Qasim + Nawab of Awadh Shuja Uddaula + Mughal emperor Shah Alam 2) V/S East India Company under the command of Major DigicateHector Munro IAS Result → East India Company won Allahabad Treaty was signed
SymbolsDigicate of 5 great IAS events of Buddha’s Life Event
1.Buddha’s Birth - Lotus & Bull 2.Great Departure (Mahabhinishkramana) - Horse 3.Enlightment (Nirvana ) - Bodhi Tree 4.First Sermon (Dhammachakraparivartan) Wheel 5. Death (Parinirvana) – Stupa
First Buddhist Council: 400 BC
Held soon after the mahaparinirvana of the Buddha patronage of king Ajatshatru Presided by - monk Mahakasyapa at Rajgriha, in the Sattapani Cave The idea was to preserve Buddha’s teachings (Sutta Pitaka) and rules for disciples (Vinaya Pitaka). Digicate IAS
Second Buddhist Council : 383 BC Digicate IAS Held to settle a dispute on Vinaya Pitaka(Rules of discipline) Held at Vaishali patronage of King Kalasoka presided by Sabakami. The dispute was on 10 Points such as storing salt in horn, eating after midday, eating once etc Disputes were not settled and paved the way for emergence of BuddhistDigicate sects - Sthaviravada, IAS Mahasanghika and Sarvastivada.Digicate IAS
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Third Buddhist Council: 250 BC
at Pataliputra patronageDigicate of King IAS Asoka Presided by Moggaliputta Tissa. Abhidhamma Pitaka was introduced The teachings of Buddha- now classified in 3 categories(known sa “Tripitaka”). It also tried to settle all the disputes of Vinaya Pitaka. Digicate IAS Fourth Buddhist Council: 72AD
at Kundalvana, Kashmir PatronageDigicate of Kushan IASking Kanishka presided by Vasumitra council divided the Buddhism into 2 sects Mahayan & Hinayan.
Fifth Buddhist Council: 1871
Held at Mandalay, Burma. patronage of King Mindon. presided by Jagarabhivamsa, Narindabhidhaja, and Sumangalasami. The idea was to recite all the teachings of the Buddha and examine them systematically if any of them was dropped or altered.
Sixth Buddhist Council : 1954
Held at Yangoon, Burma patronage of Burmese Government led by Prime Minister U Nu. - Presided by -Mahasi Sayadaw and Bhadanta Vicittasarabhivamsa. Digicate IAS - It was aimed to preserve the genuine Dhamma and Vinaya Pitaka. Digicate IAS
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#Economy
MaharatnaDigicate Status: IAS introduced in 2009 objective to empower mega CPSEs to expand their operations and become Indian Multinational Companies (MNCs). Criteria for Maharatna status Digicate IAS Having Navratna status. Average annual turnover of more than Rs. 25,000 crore, during last 3 years. Average annual net worth of more than Rs. 15,000 crore, during last 3 years. Average annualDigicate net profit IAS after tax of more than Rs. 5,000 crore, during last 3 years. Should have significant global presence and international perations.o Listed on Indian stock exchange with minimum prescribed public shareholding limit under SEBI regulations.
Benefits
greater operational and financial autonomy Boards of these PSUs can make equity investments to undertake financial joint ventures (JV) and wholly owned subsidiaries and undertake mergers and acquisitions (M&A) in India as well as abroad. (subject to a ceiling of 15% of net worth, and limited to Rs 5,000 crore in one project) The Boards can also structure and implement schemes relating to personnel as well as human resource management and training. Holding companies can float fresh equity, transfer assets, divest shareholding in subsidiaries.
HARD Currency Digicate IAS A currency which is stable and convertible to other currencies.Its internationally acceptanced, hence countries maintainDigicate their FOREX IAS reserves with it. Examples- Dollar, Euro, Pound, Yen etc
HOT CURRENCY
If a HARD currency is exiting an economy at a fast pace, then it is known as HOT currency
HEATED Currency Digicate IAS A domestic currency underDigicate Pressure (Heat) IAS of depreciation due to the exit of HARD Currency
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SOFT Currency
A currency that is easily available, but not convertible and whose value is expected to fall in terms of Digicateother currencies. IAS Example - Indian Rupees.
HOT Money
The money with a tendency to escape an economy in adverse circumstancesDigicate orIAS more favourable conditions in other countries. Example- Investments through FIIs.
LiquidityDigicate Coverage IAS Ratio (LCR)
It refers to the proportion of Highly Liquid Assets held by financial institutions, to ensure their ongoing ability to meet short-term obligations. It is calculated by dividing a bank’s high-quality liquid assets by its total net cash flows, over a 30-day stress period. Objective Enble banks to absorb market-wide shocks.- Preserve Financial Stability of the country. News - RBI has lowered LCR for banks to 80% from 100%
Quantitative easing
It means printing money to monetise government deficits,but the govt has to pay back for the assets that the central bank buys. In News - Authorities world over considering it for recoveringom fr CoVID-19 triggered Economic losses. Digicate IAS Ways and Means Advances Digicate IAS It’s a mechanism under which RBI lends to the governments (Centre or states) to help them manage the mismatches between revenue and expenditure. The limits for WMA are mutually decided by the RBI and the Government of India. The rate of interest is the same as the repo rate, while the tenure is three months. Two types of WMA
Normal WMA are clean advances. Digicate IAS Special WMAare securedDigicate advances IASprovided against the pledge of Government of India dated securities.
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7th Economic Census
It is being conducted nationwide through Common Service Centres (CSC), was expected to be completedDigicate by IASMarch 2020. By - Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation This is the first time the census is being conducted Digitally. Indian Economic Census It is the census of the Indian economy through counting all entrepreneurial units in the country which involved in any economic activities of either agricultural or non-agriculturalDigicate sector. IAS Previous 6 Census:1977, 1980, 1990, 1998, 2005, 2013. It provides information such as number of persons employed, number of establishments, type of ownership, source of finance, etc. Digicate IAS Green Water
Rainfall water in Soil that is available for plant growth.
Phthalates
Pollutant in Plastic, Pencils, shoes, rubber etc.
Cragger
a member of Carbon reduction group.
Helicopter Money
It involves printing large sums of money and distributing it to the public by the Central Bank. American economist Milton Friedman coined this term. Digicate IAS
Cytokine Storm?Digicate IAS A cytokine storm is an overproduction of immune cells and their activating compounds (cytokines). In a flu infection, it is often associated with a surge of activated immune cells into the lungs. The resulting lung inflammation and fluid buildup can lead to respiratory distress and can be contaminated by a secondary bacterial pneumonia — often enhancing the mortality in patients. Of all the possible compounding effects of COVID-19, the cytokine storm is one of the most feared. Digicate IAS Digicate IAS
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Genomic Sequencing
- it is a Technique used to read and interpret genetic information found within DNA or RNA. Digicate - India IASbecame the fifth country in the world to sequence the genome of the SARS-CoV2.
Applications
It helps track the transmission route of the virus. Digicate IAS To determine how quickly the virus is adapting as it spreads. It identifies targets to therapies, Vaccine n Anti Viral rugd development
Long TermDigicate Repo Operations IAS
It is a tool under which the central bank provides one-year to three-year money to banks at the prevailing repo rate, accepting government securities with matching or higher tenure as the collateral
‘TrueNat’
a tuberculosis testing machine to be used for COVID-19 screening tests. approved by ICMR
Adjusted Gross Revenue (AGR)
It is the usage and licensing fee that telecom operators are charged by the Department of Telecommunications (DoT). It is divided into spectrum usage charges(around 3-5% and licensing fees(around 8%). Charges are calculated based on all revenues earned by a telco – including non-telecom related sources such as deposit interests and asset sales. (As per DoT andDigicate Supreme Court IAS judgement)
AmendmentDigicate to Essential IAS Commodities Act 1955 Recently, approved by cabinet essentials like cereals, pulses, oilseeds, edible oils, onion and potatoes have been excluded from the Essentials List Advantages transformation of agriculture and raising farmers’ income. freedom to produce, hold, move, distribute and supply Digicate IAS less regulatory interferenceDigicate will attract privateIAS sector investment and foreign direct investment into agriculture sector,
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It will help boost investment in cold storages and modernization of food supply chain. Minimum Support Price (MSP) for 49 items under Minor Forest Produce (MFP) has been revised recently. TheDigicate increased MinimumIAS support price (MSP) ranges from 16% to 66%. It is revised every 3 years. Forest products are divided into two parts. Major Forest Products comprise Pulpwood, Sandalwood, Social Forestry that incudes Fuel and Timber. Digicate IAS Minor Forest Products include the items such as tamarind, curry leaf, Tendu Patta, gallnut, Cane, Soapnut, tree moss and now Bamboo also.
MaharatnaDigicate status to Hindustan IAS Petroleum Corporation Limited and Power Grid Corporation of India
In October 2019 by Ministry of Heavy Industry and Public Enterprises Total Maharatna Public Sector Enterprises (PSUs): 10 nos. 1. Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) 2. Coal India Limited (CIL) 3. Gas Authority of India Limited (GAIL) 4. Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL) 5. National Thermal Power Corporation Limited (NTPC) 6. Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited (ONGC) 7. Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL) 8. Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL) 9. Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited (HPCL) 10. Power Grid Corporation of India (PGCI) NIP part 2/2 Digicate IAS Infrastructure Vision 2025 Digicate IAS To provide affordable and clean energy To provide 100% digital coverage to all To provide world class quality education. To provide housing and water supply To double farmers’ income by 2022
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Special Liquidity Facility for Mutual Funds (SLF-MF) Of 50k Crores.
RBI is to conduct repo operations of 90 days at the fixed repo rate. Digicate The SLF-MF IAS is on-tap and open-ended. Banks would submit their bids to avail funding. The scheme is available from 27 April till May 11 or up to utilization of the allocated amount. Funds to be used exclusively for meeting the liquidity requirements of (1) extending loans, (2) undertaking outright purchase of and/or repos against the collateral of investment grade corporate bonds, commercial papers (CPs),debentures and certificates of Deposit (CDs) etc. Digicate IAS Consol Bonds
They are also known as perpetual bond It is aDigicate fixed income IAS security with no maturity date. These bonds pay a steady stream of interest payments forever. These bonds can be redeemed at issuer’s discretion. It is often considered a type of equity, rather than debt.ajor drawback they are not redeemable News - Consol Bonds are being debated as an instrument for pooling in resources to fight CoVID-18 pandemic and its aftereffects on economy. ( Used in Post world War 1 economic recovery)
Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB)
Established in 2016. Headquarter - Beijing. Members - 78 It is a multilateral development bank Objectives- to improve social and economic outcomes by supporting the building of infrastructure in the Indo-Pacific region(Asia and beyond). Digicate IAS The Bank was proposed by China in 2013.and it holds the largest shares. India is a founder member. Digicate IAS Border Adjustment tax
It is a duty that is imposed on imports in addition to the customs levy. It is charged on goods or services in accordance with the destination principle of taxation. seeks to promote “equal conditions of competition” for foreign and domestic companies News - Recently a NITI Ayog member has favoured BAT, thus created a debate on a policy making. Digicate IAS Digicate IAS
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Financial Stability and Development Council
constituted in 2010. It Digicateis the apex body IAS of sectoral regulators (RBI, SEBI, PFRDA, IRDA, etc) and not a statutory body. No separate funds are allocated to Council for undertaking its activities. Objective: to strengthen and institutionalise mechanism for maintaining financial stability, promoting financial sector development and enhancing inter-regulatory coordination. Digicate IAS
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