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De Oorsprong Der Sinte Peetersmannen, Hunne Voorrechten, Hunne Inrichting, En De Evolutie Dezer Instelling Tot Bij Den Aanvang D

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De Oorsprong Der Sinte Peetersmannen, Hunne Voorrechten, Hunne Inrichting, En De Evolutie Dezer Instelling Tot Bij Den Aanvang D 5 08161501 1761 3 WIIV.OF u Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2010 with funding from University of Toronto http://www.archive.org/details/deoorsprongdersiOOcalb DE OORSPRONG DER SINTE PEETERSMANNEN Opus quod inscribitur : De oorsprong der Sinte Peeters- manncn, hunne voorrechien, hunne inrichting, endeevolutie dezer instelling tot bij den aanvang der XVI' Eeuw, auctore Joz. Calbrecht, ex auctoritate Eminentissimi et Revereiidissimi Archiepiscopi Mechliniensis et leguni academicarum prae- scripto recognitum, quum fldei aut bonis moribus contrarium nihil continere visum fuerit, imprimi potest. Datum Lovanii, die 2 octobris 1922. P. LADEUZE, Rect. Univ. Nihil obstat quin in lueem edatur opus quod inscribitur « De oorsprojig der Sinte Peetersmannen ». Scheut, die 3 octobris 1922. Flor. Mortier, C. I. C. M. I \l\ I'.HSITI. DE l.ol \ \l\ RECUEIL DE TRAVAUX publics par lea mem bres DES CONFERENCES D'HISTOIRE ET DE PHILOLOGIE 2 SERIE 2 FASCICULE DE OORSPRONG HER Sinte Peetersmannen HUNNE VOORRECHTEN. HUNNE INRICHTING -:- EN DE EVOLUTIE DEZER INSTELLING -:- TOT BIJ DEN AANVANG DER XVI e EEUW DOOR Jozef CALBRECHT, miss, van Scheut Doctor in zedekundige en historische wetenschappen Leeraar in de Kerkgeschiedenis LEI" VEX « LIBRAIRIE UNIVERSITAIRE » A. UYSTPRUYST-DIEUDONNE, uitgever 10-12, Muntstraat 1922 UCz 7 NLEIDEND WOORD Meer en meer voelen de historic] de behoefte om de inwen- dige geschiedenis dor middeneeuwen in hare minste bizon- derheden op den keper te beschouwen. Wal de uitwendige of algemeene geschiedenis van deze periode aangaat, daarmede is men reeds ver gevorderd, de groote lijnen Liggen vast ; diepere stndien op dit terrein znllen de breede trekken wel onaangeroerd Laten en zich beperken bij wijzigingen van bijkomenden en ondergeschikten aard. Heel anders is hel gelegen met de inwendige of bizondere geschiedenis en hare verschillende vertakkingen. De geschie- denis van pechl en Lnstellingen,van maatschappij-samenstelling en hnishondkiinde ; de geschiedenis van letteren, wetenschap- pen en kunst, zoowel als de geschiedenis van den eeredienst en van de godsdienstverwikkelingen nit de middeneeuwen zoeken nog inmier naar meer klaarheid. Zij die op deze gebieden zich aan eene synthesis waagden, moesten ondervinden, naarmate de geschiedenis vrij en onge- stoord hare wegen gaat, dat zij al te voorbarig te werk zijn gegaan met limine veralgemeeningen. Zulks is in de hoogste mate waarheid voorde maatschappe- lijke geschiedenis en voor de geschiedenis der instellingen. Wat waren ^\ ij tot voor enkel jaren gcbrekkig en onnauw- kenrig ingelichl over de verschillende maatsehappelijke klas- sen dei- middeneeuwen en over de juridische toestand der individuen. In ons land hebben zich thans van de beste historische krachten tot de oj)lossing Aan dit probleem aangespannen. Zij die hel gelnk hadden den Leergang te volgen van mid- deneeuwsche instellingen door Hoogleeraar Van der Essen aan de Hoogcschool van Leuven gegeven, zullen hel met ona eens zijn om te bekennen dat er heel wal onbewezen gemeen- 1 VI — plaatsen door stevig geschiedkundig materiaal kunnen ver- vangen en aangevuld worden. De studien van Leo Verriesl over de instellingen der « serfs » en « sainteurs » in het Henegouwsche ; die van Archivaris Lyna nit Hasselt over de « Liberi » in de middeneenwen, bizonder in de streek van St-Truiden ; van F. Ronssean over de sociale toestanden in Xamen ; van Ganshof over « Les Homines de generali Placito » en « Les Homines de casa Dei » zijn daar om te bewijzen dat men in die richting voornit wil en dat men besloten is zooveel klaarheid mogelijk te brengen in dit inge- wikkeld maar zoo belangrijk en aantrekkelijk onderdeel der l)izondere geschiedenis. Onze stndie over « De(n) oorsprong der sinte Peetersman- nen, hnnne voorrechten, hnnne inrichting en de evolntie dezer instelling tot bij den aanvang der xvi e eeuw » wil zich bij de zoo jnist voornoemde werken aanslniten. Ze zal het ontstaan, de ontwikkeling en de voorrechten onderzoeken van eene klas j^ersonen die niet alleen eene lokale macht te Lenven vertegen^vvoordigde, doch ook over gansch het hertogdom Brabant haren invloed heeft doen gelden. Toch hebben wij gemeend niet verder te moeten gaan dan het begin der xvie eenw, omdat van toen af de instelling haar oorspronkelijk karakter verloor. De sinte Peetersmannen deden zich voortaan voor als een groep van den Brabantschen adel, en noemen zich van toen af « de zeven adelijke geslach- ten van Lenven ». Waar men thans zoo ijverig werkt om de verschillende maatschappclijke klassen, die in de middeneenwen ontston- den, uit elkandcr te honden, om hnn rechten en hnn verplich- tingen te bepalen, moest er zeker gehandeld worden over de sinte Peetersmannen die hier met ecu gansch bizonder karakter op het tooneel versehijnen. Wij hebben gepoogd dit korps in zijn waar daglicht te stel- len in de hoop een steentje bij te dragen tot den stevigen en grootschen lieropbon^v van ons heerlijk verleden. Alvorens liet vraagstuk aan te vatten, moeten wij nog . VII eenige woorden reppen over de bronnen waaruil wij hebben geput, en over de werken die ons op eene bizondere manier van nut zijn geweesl De sinte Peetersmannen, zooals wij zullen zien, stonden in betrekking tot de collegiale kerk van Sint Pieter te Leuven, en ook tot de graven van Leuven en de hertogen van Brabant. Wij hebben dan vooreersl het archief der collegiale kerk onderzocht. De charters van de sinte Pieterskerk worden op drie verschillende plaatsen bewaard : hel grootste aantal bernst in het rijksarchief van Brussel, zij zijn ten getalle van 1673 (Archives ecclesiastiques n° 1262-95); heel veel is er in te vinden over de Laathoven ; over de sinte Peetersmannen zijn er daaronder 3 oorkonden voorhanden. Ecu tweede deel der charters berust in de kerk zell te Leuven : 555 stnk> ; geene enkele inlichting over de instelling zelf is er in te vinden. Eindelijk hel derdedee] vinden wij in het « Geheimes Staats- archiv » van Berlijn : 800 stnks. Hoogleeraar II. Van der Lin- den heeft er een inventaris van opgemaakt dat verscheen in het « Bulletin de la Commission royale d'histoire », tome 72, IV' Bulletin, 1904. Een enkel handvesl over de Sinte Peeters- mannen vinden wij daar in weer ; het afschrifl dat wij uit Berlijn bekwamen deelen we met' in de bijlagen. De akten van het kapittel welke bewaard zijn gebleven be- ginnen maar te dagteekenen vanaf 1 188. We hebben ze willen onderzoeken al konden wij ook vermoeden weinig of niets belangrijks voor onze stof te zullen vinden ; immers die akten komen uit den tijd dat de sinte Peetersmannen zicli weinig gelegen lieten aan hun qualiteit van «censuales». De Hum- mers 1291-1310 van de « Archives ecclesiastiques », tiit hel rijksarchief hebben ons bepaaldelijk niets geleverd, r 1332-.'}.') Rekeningen nil de m\ -w eeuw (n ibidem : r 6 rollen op perkament ; ook n 1344), nit de \ \ i eeuw (ibidem n' 1339), andere rekeningen van hel ornament urn loopende van het jaar 1439 tot 1650 (ibid, n' 1377), een fragment van r een « obituarium » nit de w eeuw (ibid. n 1378) hebben onze gegevens over de sinte Peetersmannen in niets aangedikt. Het overige van het archief van sinte Pieter berustende 't zij te Brussel, 'I zij te Leuven in de kerk, ofwel in hel aartsbis- VIII schoppelijk paleis te Mechelen was van zoo'n laten datum, of ging over zoo'n uiteenloopende onderwerpen, dat wij ze in voile gerustheid van kant konden laten. Het stadsarchief van Leuven was voor ons een rijker mijn. Daar hadden wij eerst en vooral de charters van de graven van Leuven en de hertogen van Brabant (1) waarvan de meesten terug te vinden zijn in het « Groot Cliarterboeck van Loven » gaande van 1249 tot 1566 (n r 206) en in het r (( Gleyn cliarterboeck » geschreven in 1367 (n 207). De « Bescheiden ende munimenten der stadt Loven » 4 in folio's (nrs 197-200) en de verzameling boeken hebbende als rugmerk de letters A tot Z en AA tot HH (n rs 213-244) bevatten enkele stukken met betrekking op de sinte Peetersmannen. Daar berusten ook de dienstboeken der stad, behelzende de namen van « borgemeesters, gezworenen en schepenen », r van 1187 tot 1793 (n 251-253) ; de zoogenaamde « Gemeyn- boecken » (n r 261-262-263) inhoudende verscheidene ordonna- tien op al de instellingen en de neringen. Hier vonden wij de twee in folio's waaraan wij veel ontleenden : te weten, « Het boeck van sinte Peetersmannen van Loven » (1592), in 't welk Willem Boonen zonder eenigen samenhang de meest verscheidene stukken over de Sinte Peetersmannen bijeenge- r bracht (n 433) ; en de « Thoon voor die Ste Peetersmannen » (1516), een proces-verbaal over een onderzoek nopens de pri- vilegien van de sinte Peetersmannen te Leuven ingesteld (n r 433). De andere menigvuldige in folio's die over de Peetersmannen in de xvn e en xviii6 eeuw handelen, hebben wij nagezien in de hoop dat zij ons iets over de vroegere tijden zouden mede- deelen ; wij zijn in die verwachting bedrogen geworden. « Kueren ende correctien half den Heere ende der stadt » r (anno 1456-1-496, n 398) ; « Olficieboeck van heeren j^eeters de (1) Van Even heeft er een inventaris van g-emaakt : « Inventaire chro- nologique et analytique des Chartes, appartenant aux archives de la ville de I ouvain », Lonvain, Savone, 1873. — IX — r quaderebbe » (n 100) ; cen verzameling van stukken aopens een proces nit do vijftiende eeuw (nr 2641), bevatten, onder ontelbare andere akten, enkele die de sinte Peetersmannen aanbelangen. In de allereerste schepenregisters : 1 camera, 1367-74, (n 1), 2 camera, 1378-40, (n' 107) komen de sinte Peetersmannen als dusdanig niet voor. ^Yij hebben de L925 in folio's (1) boek voor hock niet nage- lezen ; zulks /on niemand tronwens van ons kunnen ver- wachten. Doch wanneer nit andere gegevens ons vermoeden geprik- keld werd, wanneer wij door andere bronnen positief naar deze registers verwezen werden hebben wij ze onderzocht. Uit die registers hebben wij onder meer het proces « Pynnock contra Jan van Berthem » overgeschreven.
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