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Btcaak P.A. Diaper, Law and Religion in England Between 1532-1994

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Btcaak P.A. Diaper, Law and Religion in England Between 1532-1994 Paul Antony Diaper, Law and Religion in England between 1532-1994 PONTIFICIA UNIVERSITAS SANCTAE CRUCIS FACULTAS IURIS CANONICI Paul Antony Diaper LAW AND RELIGION IN ENGLAND BETWEEN 1532-1994 the legal development of the Established Church, Religious Toleration and Conscientious Objection. Thesis ad Doctoratum in Iure Canonico totaliter edita Romae 2000 Coram Commissione docentium, 22 novembris 1999, doctoralem dissertationem Candidatus palam defendit. btcaak pag.1/447 Paul Antony Diaper, Law and Religion in England between 1532-1994 II Ad normam Statutorum Pontificiae Universitatis Sanctae Crucis hanc dissertationem perlegimus ac typis totaliter edendam adprovabimus: Prof. Dr. Ioseph Thomas Martín de Agar Prof. Dr. Vincentius Prieto IMPRIMI POTEST Prof. Dr. Eduardus Baura, Decanus Facultatis Iuris Canonici Romae, 28 februarii 2000 Secretarius Generalis Dr. Alfonsus Monroy Prot. nº 123/2000 Imprimatur: Mons. Cesare Nosiglia, Vices Gerens, Vicariatus Urbis Romae, die 14 mense martii anno 2000 btcaak pag.2/447 Paul Antony Diaper, Law and Religion in England between 1532-1994 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction....................................................... XIII Acknowledgements ............................................. XIX Works used often throughout the text: ............XXIII Chapter 1 The Position of the English Church prior to 1532: the relationship between its canon law and English law; Principles of Modern English law. 1.1 Introduction. .......................................................4 1.2. The Catholic Church in England prior to 1066. .........6 1.2.1 The arrival of Christianity in Britannia. 8 1.2.2. The separation of the Church in Britannia from the rest of the Church. 10 1.2.3. The arrival of St Augustine in 547 and the ecclesial government given to the English Church by Pope Gregory the Great. 11 1.2.4. The English Church from 604 to 1066; the arrival of St Augustine of Canterbury to the battle of Hastings. 13 1.2.5. The Synod of Whitby of 664. 15 1.2.6. The fusion of the two hierarchies under Archbishop Theodore. 17 1.3. The legal reforms of the Church by Pope Gregory VII and William the Conqueror. ................................................................18 1.3.1. The creation of separate Ecclesiastical Courts. 19 1.3.2. Royal control over the Church and the Hierarchy. 21 1.4. The Constitutions of Clarendon in 1164 and the Murder of Archbishop St Thomas Becket in 1170......................................24 1.4.1. The Infeodation of England to Pope Innocent III and Magna Carta of 1215. 30 1.4.2.Magna Carta 1215. 32 btcaak pag.3/447 Paul Antony Diaper, Law and Religion in England between 1532-1994 II INTRODUCTION 1.5. The evolution of Parliament and the enactment of ecclesiastical statutes to control the Church.............................................34 1.5.1. The Statute of Mortmain, 15 November 1279. 35 1.5.2. The Statute of Provisors of 1351 and the Statute of Praemunire of 1353. 38 1.5.3. The second Statute of Praemunire of 1393. 40 1.6. The growth and influence of Monasticism and the Religious Orders between 1215-1539. .............................................41 1.7. The Ecclesiastical Courts or Tribunals until 1534. ...43 1.7.1. The Ecclesiastical Tribunals of the Church 597-1532. 44 1.7.2. The canon law applied within the Ecclesiastical Tribunals during this period. 47 1.7.3. The legislative authority of the English Bishops and Synods. 50 1.7.3.1. The Provincial Constitutions. .........................50 1.7.3.2. The legatine Council of London 1237. .............51 1.8. The Influence of Canon law upon English law. .......52 1.8.1. The English system of Equity. 53 1.8.2. Specific Equitable remedies and the creation of the Trust. 54 1.8.3. The development of Equity and the fusion of the separate jurisdictions. 57 1.9. Brief Characteristics of Modern English law. ..........59 1.9.1. The absence of a written constitution and the supremacy of Parliament. 59 1.9.2. Case Law and the system of Judicial Precedents. 61 1.9.3. Supplementary Sources of English Law. 63 1.9.3.1.Custom. ......................................................64 1.9.3.2. Learned books of authority............................64 1.10. Conclusion......................................................65 btcaak pag.4/447 Paul Antony Diaper, Law and Religion in England between 1532-1994 III INTRODUCTION Chapter 2 The legal creation of the Established Church and its initial legal development (1532-1547). 2.1. Introduction. ....................................................70 2.2. Petition for nullity of Marriage in1527...................72 2.2.1. The Restraint of Appeals to Rome Act 1532. 76 2.2.2. The Submission of the Clergy Act 1532. 83 2.2.3. The Act for non payment of First fruits to the Bishop of Rome 1533. 88 2.2.4. The Act concerning "Peter's Pence” and Dispensations 1533. 90 2.3. Parliamentary legislation in 1533/4, confirming the definitive separation of the English Church form Rome......................................97 2.3.1. The Act of Succession of 1533. 97 2.3.2. The Act concerning the King to be Supreme head of the Church of England and to have authority to reform and address all heresies and abuses in the same 1534. 99 2.3.3. First fruits and Tenths, Act 1534. 101 2.3.4. Suffragan Bishops Act 1534. 102 2.4. Acts to Procure the Dissolution of Monasteries 1536 and 1539. 103 2.5. The Act of Six Articles of 1539. ......................... 107 2.6 The initial steps to prepare a new revised Code of canons for the Church as established and reforms to the Ecclesiastical courts. .. 110 2.7. The Act opening to married doctors of the civil law, to judicial positions within the Ecclesiastical Tribunals. 1545................. 113 2.8. Conclusion. .................................................... 114 Chapter 3 The legal development of the Established Church (1547-1602). 3.1. Introduction; the legacy of Henry VIII................ 119 btcaak pag.5/447 Paul Antony Diaper, Law and Religion in England between 1532-1994 IV INTRODUCTION 3.2. The Established Church under Edward VI: Ecclesiastical reforms by Royal Injunctions. ............................................................. 122 3.2.1. The Liturgy of 1544; The Primer of 1545 and The Homilies of 1547. 125 3.2.2. The initial Acts of Edward VI’s Parliament, repealing slowly the Act of Six Articles. 126 3.2.2.1. The Punishment for the Contempt of the Sacrament Act 1547. 127 3.2.2.2. Legal Changes made in the creation of Bishops.128 3.2.2.3. The Abolition of Chantries Act 1548.............. 129 3.2.2.4. Act to take away all positive laws against marriage of priests 1548. ........................................................ 131 3.2.2.5. The New Communion Service 1548. ............. 132 3.2.3.The Acts of Uniformity of 1548 and 1551. 133 3.2.3.1. The background......................................... 134 3.2.3.2. The First New Prayer Book of Common Prayer (1549). 135 3.2.3.3. The Act of Uniformity of 1548:..................... 136 3.2.3.4. General Reaction to the New Common Prayer Book. 139 3.2.3.5. Other important Acts within the Session of Parliament 1549/50. 141 3.2.3.6. The New Prayer Book . ............................... 142 3.2.3.7. The Act of Uniformity of 1551. ..................... 143 3.2.4. The Draft New Code of Canon Law-Reformatio Legum Ecclesiasticarum. 144 3.2.5. The Forty-two Articles of Religion of 1552. 147 3.3. The Position of the Established Church Under Mary (1553-1558). 148 3.3.1. The accession of Mary. 149 3.3.2. Repeal of Edwardian legislation: Restoration of the celebration of the Holy Mass and the law of Celibacy for the Clergy. 150 3.3.3. Royal injunctions issued by Mary to govern the Church. 152 btcaak pag.6/447 Paul Antony Diaper, Law and Religion in England between 1532-1994 V INTRODUCTION 3.3.4. Repeal of Legislation of Henry VIII; the Second Act of Repeal of 1554. 153 3.4. Elizabeth I: The Acts of Supremacy and Uniformity of 1559. 154 3.4.1. The Act of Supremacy of 1558. 155 3.4.2. The Act of Uniformity 1558. 157 3.5. The Thirty Nine Articles of Religion. ................... 160 3.6. The Reformatio Canonum of 1571. .................... 164 3.7. Conclusion. .................................................... 164 Chapter 4 The Position of medieval canon law and the development of Ecclesiastical law within the established Church (1603-1952). 4.1. The position of the pre-reformation Canon law within the English Church. .............................................................................. 170 4.2. The emergence of Ecclesiastical law within the Established Church. 178 4.3. The background to the Canons of 1603. ............. 181 4.3.1. The Canons of 1603.183 4.3.2. Subsequent Canons added: the Canons of 1640. 189 4.4. The Binding nature of the 1603 Canons. ............. 190 4.4.1. The Authority of the 1603 Code over the Laity. 192 4.4.2. The authority of the 1603 canons in respect of the lay officers of the ecclesiastical Courts. 194 4.4.3. The Authority of the 1603 canons over the Clergy. 195 4.5. The Book of Common Prayer (Act of Uniformity) 1662, The Bill of Rights of 1689 and the Act of Settlement of 1700. ............ 197 4.5.1.The Book of Common Prayer (Act of Uniformity) 1662. 198 4.5.2. The Bill of Rights of 1689. 202 4.5.3. The Act of Settlement of 1700. 206 btcaak pag.7/447 Paul Antony Diaper, Law and Religion in England between 1532-1994 VI INTRODUCTION 4.6. The Ecclesiastical Courts between 1603-1952...... 208 4.6.1. The competence and jurisdiction of the Ecclesiastical Courts modified by Parliament. 209 4.6.2. The doctrine of Parliamentary sovereignty and judicial precedent to Ecclesiastical law. 210 4.7. The 1947 Report on the Canon law of the Church of England. 211 4.8. Conclusion. .................................................... 213 Chapter 5 The Present legal position of the Established Church: the Monarch as the Supreme Governor and her Ecclesiastical law.
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