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English Renaissance
1 ENGLISH RENAISSANCE Unit Structure: 1.0 Objectives 1.1 The Historical Overview 1.2 The Elizabethan and Jacobean Ages 1.2.1 Political Peace and Stability 1.2.2 Social Development 1.2.3 Religious Tolerance 1.2.4 Sense and Feeling of Patriotism 1.2.5 Discovery, Exploration and Expansion 1.2.6 Influence of Foreign Fashions 1.2.7 Contradictions and Set of Oppositions 1.3 The Literary Tendencies of the Age 1.3.1 Foreign Influences 1.3.2 Influence of Reformation 1.3.3 Ardent Spirit of Adventure 1.3.4 Abundance of Output 1.4 Elizabethan Poetry 1.4.1 Love Poetry 1.4.2 Patriotic Poetry 1.4.3 Philosophical Poetry 1.4.4 Satirical Poetry 1.4.5 Poets of the Age 1.4.6 Songs and Lyrics in Elizabethan Poetry 1.4.7 Elizabethan Sonnets and Sonneteers 1.5 Elizabethan Prose 1.5.1 Prose in Early Renaissance 1.5.2 The Essay 1.5.3 Character Writers 1.5.4 Religious Prose 1.5.5 Prose Romances 2 1.6 Elizabethan Drama 1.6.1 The University Wits 1.6.2 Dramatic Activity of Shakespeare 1.6.3 Other Playwrights 1.7. Let‘s Sum up 1.8 Important Questions 1.0. OBJECTIVES This unit will make the students aware with: The historical and socio-political knowledge of Elizabethan and Jacobean Ages. Features of the ages. Literary tendencies, literary contributions to the different of genres like poetry, prose and drama. The important writers are introduced with their major works. With this knowledge the students will be able to locate the particular works in the tradition of literature, and again they will study the prescribed texts in the historical background. -
The Elizabethan Poetry
1 Subject: ENGLISH Class: B.A. Part 1 Honours, Paper - 1 Topic: The Elizabethan Poetry By: Prof. Sunita Sinha Head, Department of English Women’s College Samastipur L.N.M.U., Darbhanga The Elizabethan Poetry A. INTRODUCTION Elizabethan Age is generally regarded as the greatest age in the history of English literature. W.J.Long rightly remarks: “After the reigns of Edward and Mary, with defeat and humiliation abroad and presentations and rebellion at home, the occasion of popular sovereign was like the sunrise after a long night.” In the words of John Milton, we suddenly see England as “A noble and pleasant nation, rousing herself, like a strong man after sleep and shaking her invincible locks.” The Elizabethan Age has also been termed as ‘a nest of singing birds.’ Poetry enjoyed its heyday during the Elizabethan Age. The whole age was suffused with the spirit of poetic fervor. There are various factors which transformed England into a nest of singing birds during the age: (1) There was the Elizabethan content and zest for life. (2) Foreign influence, specially of France and Italy, did much to stimulate the growth of the Elizabethan lyric. (3) There was a renaissance of music. The Elizabethan carved for music. The richer sect had their own musicians to while away their leisure hours. 2 (4) Countless books of music were published of which Thomas Campion’s Books of Airs the most popular. (5) It was an age of poetry and romance. New wonders were being discovered almost every day. The atmosphere was surcharged with romance, and song is the very breath of romance. -
Fantasies of Necrophilia in Early Modern English Drama
City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 2-2014 Exquisite Corpses: Fantasies of Necrophilia in Early Modern English Drama Linda K. Neiberg Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/1420 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] EXQUISITE CORPSES: FANTASIES OF NECROPHILIA IN EARLY MODERN ENGLISH DRAMA by LINDA K. NEIBERG A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty in English in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The City University of New York 2014 ii © 2014 LINDA K. NEIBERG All Rights Reserved iii This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in English in satisfaction of the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Mario DiGangi Date Chair of Examining Committee Carrie Hintz Date Acting Executive Officer Mario DiGangi Richard C. McCoy Steven F. Kruger Supervisory Committee THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iv Abstract EXQUISITE CORPSES: FANTASIES OF NECROPHILIA IN EARLY MODERN ENGLISH DRAMA by LINDA K. NEIBERG Adviser: Professor Mario DiGangi My dissertation examines representations of necrophilia in Elizabethan and Jacobean drama. From the 1580s, when London’s theatres began to flourish, until their closure by Parliament in 1642, necrophilia was deployed as a dramatic device in a remarkable number of plays. -
Elizabethan Literature
Elizabethan Literature . THE study of literature, it has been said, is a form of travel; it enables us to move about freely among the minds of other races. But it enables us also to move about freely in time, so that we may become familiar not only with the minds of other races, but with the minds of other epochs in the history of our own, as well as of the other races. "The literature of a nation," says Professor Hudson, "is not a miscellaneous collection of. books which happen to have been written in the same tongue or within a certain geographical area. It is the progressive revelation, age by age, of that nation's mind and character." Th.\! history of any nation's literature is, then, the record of the unfolding of the peculiar genius or spirit of that nation, and is supplementary to its history and a com mentary upon it. And so in order to understand and appreciate the literature of a people or of an epoch, we need to know something of the life behind it, by which it is fed. How else can we understand the growth and decay of literary tastes and fashions, the formation of new schools, the changes in critical tastes and standards, the decay of some forms of literary expression, such as the old chronicles or medireval romances, and the appearance of new forms, as seen in the growth of the novel? For an explanation of all this we must try to see the motive forces at work, outside its literature, in the life of the society which produced that literature. -
Xerox University Microfilms 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 I I
INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again - beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. The majority of users indicate that the textual content is of greatest value, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction could be made from "photographs" if essential to the understanding of the dissertation. -
THE REFORMATION in LEICESTER and LEICESTERSHIRE, C.1480–1590 Eleanor Hall
THE REFORMATION IN LEICESTER AND LEICESTERSHIRE, c.1480–1590 Eleanor Hall Since its arrival in England, never did Christianity undergo such a transformation as that of the Reformation. By the end of the sixteenth century the official presence of Catholicism had almost entirely disappeared in favour of Protestantism, the permanent establishment of which is still the institutional state religion. This transformation, instigated and imposed on the population by a political elite, had a massive impact on the lives of those who endured it. In fact, the progression of these religious developments depended on the compliance of the English people, which in some regions was often absent. Indeed, consideration must be given to the impact of the Reformation on these localities and social groups, in which conservatism and nostalgia for the traditional faith remained strong. In spite of this, the gradual acceptance of Protestantism by the majority over time allowed its imposition and the permanent establishment of the Church of England. Leicestershire is a county in which significant changes took place. This paper examines these changes and their impact on, and gradual acceptance by, the various religious orders, secular clergy, and the laity in the town and county. Important time and geographical comparisons will be drawn in consideration of the overall impact of the Reformation, and the extent to which both clergy and laity conformed to the religious changes imposed on them, and managed to retain their religious devotion in the process. INTRODUCTION The English Reformation is one of the periods in history that attracts a high level of interest and debate. -
Puritanism Notes
Puritanism Who were the Puritans? They are a group of Protestants in England who sought to purify (hence the name, “puritan”) the Church of England (Anglicanism) by removing the elements of Anglican Christianity that they considered to be too “Roman Catholic.” They are the type of Christianity that dominated the colonies in North America. What did the Puritans oppose in the Church of England? Answer: Anything they considered to be too “Roman Catholic” -Using crosses in churches -Certain priestly garments -Celebrating communion at an altar -Religious images -Wealth and luxury -Bishops (though some Puritans allowed for an episcopacy) -Celebrating Christmas or saint’s days -Having godparents -Kneeling during communion -Having an organ in church -Etc. Where did the Puritans come from? They primarily arose during the reign of Elizabeth in England (a Protestant) who hoped the Church of England would be a middle way (via media) between Roman Catholicism and Protestantism. Whereas Anglicanism (and episcopacy) united the country, the Puritans wanted presbyterian or congregational leadership which threatened the unity of England. In 1593 an act was passed that allowed Puritans to be arrested if they didn’t attend Anglican church services. After Elizabeth died she was succeeded by James I. James needed the bishops of the Church of England to unify his country, so religious groups that did not belong to that (Anabaptists, Independents, etc.) received less toleration. In 1605, due to English oppression of Catholics, a group of Catholics rented a space below where the British Parliament met. There they put large wine barrels filled with gunpowder in an attempt to blow up the king and several Puritans who sat in Parliament. -
Kavanaugh Sr. Mary Daniel-MA-1948.Pdf (12.48Mb)
Thesis Approved By THE PASTORALISM IN SHAKESPEARE* S PLAYS BY SISTER MARY DANIEL KAVANAUGH, R.S.M. A THESIS Submitted, to the Faculty of the Graduate school of The Creighton university in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements fo r the Degree of master of Arts in the Department of English (MAH A, 1948 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to acknowledge my great indebtedness to Father Paul Smith, s.J. I owe much to his kindly assistance and encourage ment during the preliminary stages of this work. I also desire to express sincere appreciation and gratitude to Sister Mary Joan, R.S.M., Librarian of The college of saint Mary, Omaha, Nebraska, and to the Staff of Creighton University Library for their courtesy and efficient service. TABLE COP CONTENTS Page PROLOGUE........................................................................ 1 Chapter I. PASTORALISM: THE FAMILY TREE...................... 2 I I . ENGLISH PASTORAL DRAMA: A STURDY SON . • • 11 I I I . A YOUNG MAN SEES VISIONS..................................18 IV. AN OLD MAN DREAMS DREAMS................................. 36 CONCLUSION.........................................................................55 » BIBLIOGRAPHY..................................................................... 57 PROLOGUE 0 GOdl methinks i t were a happy lif e To be no better than a homely swain; To s it upon a h i ll , as i do now, To carve out d ia ls quaintly, point by point, Thereby to see the minutes how they run-- How many makes the hour f u ll complete, How many hours brings about the day, How many days -
A History of English Literature MICHAEL ALEXANDER
A History of English Literature MICHAEL ALEXANDER [p. iv] © Michael Alexander 2000 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W 1 P 0LP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2000 by MACMILLAN PRESS LTD Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and London Companies and representatives throughout the world ISBN 0-333-91397-3 hardcover ISBN 0-333-67226-7 paperback A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 O1 00 Typeset by Footnote Graphics, Warminster, Wilts Printed in Great Britain by Antony Rowe Ltd, Chippenham, Wilts [p. v] Contents Acknowledgements The harvest of literacy Preface Further reading Abbreviations 2 Middle English Literature: 1066-1500 Introduction The new writing Literary history Handwriting -
The Word They Still Shall Let Remain
The Word they still shall let remain: A Reformation pop-up exhibit This exhibit marks the 500th anniversary of the start of the Protestant Reformation in Europe. We invite you to explore different perspectives on the Reformation, including the impact of print in producing the German, Swiss, radical, and English reform movements, as well as the response from the Catholic Church and the political ramifications of reform. Indulgences granted by several Popes of Rome in the several churches of Rome collected by William Crashaw in Fiscus Papalis, 1621. V.a.510(8), fol. 1-2v In 1095, Pope Urban II first introduced indulgences as pardons for sin to entice fighters to join the crusades. Later, these ephemeral sheets of forgiveness were granted for completed pilgrimages, for purchase to release souls from purgatory (the doctrine itself authorized in 1439), and were sold to cover sins during life out of the “Treasury of Merits,” a spiritual coffer that contained redemption through the deaths of martyrs and Christ. Rome officially announced the sale of indulgences in exchange for pardon of sin in 1476, 41 years before the 95 Theses. Pope Leo X provided the bishopric of Mainz to Albrecht of Brandenburg and then allowed him to sell indulgences to pay back personal debts. Indulgences are granted to this day for receiving Holy Communion, reciting the rosary, the exercise of the Stations of the Cross and reading scripture, among other acts. Here we see a manuscript account of the various indulgences offered and received, copied from Crashaw’s Fiscus Papalis and provides information on the amount of time remitted from purgatory. -
Lessons from Thomas More's Dilemma of Conscience: Reconciling the Clash Between a Lawyer's Beliefs and Professional Expectations
St. John's Law Review Volume 78 Number 4 Volume 78, Fall 2004, Number 4 Article 1 Lessons From Thomas More's Dilemma of Conscience: Reconciling the Clash Between a Lawyer's Beliefs and Professional Expectations Blake D. Morant Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.stjohns.edu/lawreview This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at St. John's Law Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in St. John's Law Review by an authorized editor of St. John's Law Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ARTICLES LESSONS FROM THOMAS MORE'S DILEMMA OF CONSCIENCE: RECONCILING THE CLASH BETWEEN A LAWYER'S BELIEFS AND PROFESSIONAL EXPECTATIONS BLAKE D. MORANTt TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODU CTION .................................................................................... 966 I. JURISPRUDENTIAL ROOTS OF THE CLASH BETWEEN PERSONAL BELIEFS AND PROFESSIONAL EXPECTATIONS ................................ 972 A. More's Beliefs as Natural Law Conceptualizations................ 975 B. Expectations of the Sovereign-Henry VIII's Proclamationsas PositiveLaw ............................................... 981 C. Contextualism-The Searchfor Accommodation or Compromise Between Conflicting Beliefs and Expectations ..................................................................... 985 D. More's Tacit Embrace of Contextualism................................. 990 II. THE RELEVANCE OF THOMAS MORE'S DILEMMA TO THE CONTEMPORARY PRACTICE OF LAW .............................................. 993 A. Adherence to Conviction Versus Accommodation of the Sovereign-A ContemporaryNarrative .................................. 994 t Professor of Law and Director of the Frances Lewis Law Center, Washington and Lee University School of Law. B.A. and J.D., University of Virginia. The inspiration for this Article was the invitation to deliver a lecture during the July 6, 2003 Saint Thomas More Commemorative Service at St. -
English Reformation Information Sheet FINAL
In the 16th century, the Church of England separated from the Catholic Church and no longer accepted the authority of the Pope in Rome. The Protestant movement began with Martin Luther and John Calvin in Germany and France, with Protestant churches becoming established there and elsewhere in Europe, including Hungary, Scotland and Switzerland. The process of reformation in England was begun by King Henry VIII in 1529 and formally completed by Queen Elizabeth I in 1559. There is a common belief that the Reformation took place solely because the Pope refused to allow Henry VIII to divorce. However, this is only a small part of what happened. The Protestant religion had already gathered widespread political and popular support, as it challenged Catholic practices such as selling pardons, which were widely regarded as corrupt, and sought to reduce the level of power and control invested in church figures, focusing on helping believers to create a King Henry VIII more direct relationship with God. When Henry’s request for an annulment of his marriage was turned down by Pope Clement VII, he summoned parliament to deal with the annulment, bringing together those who wanted reform. This started the process and in 1534 the Acts of Supremacy made Henry Supreme Head of the Church of England. However, when Henry’s Catholic daughter Mary I became queen in 1553, she repealed the Reformation legislation and tried to achieve a reunion with Rome. She became known as “Bloody Mary” when she ordered 283 Protestants to be burnt at the stake for heresy. She died childless in 1558.