DOCSLIB.ORG

Radioactive Iodine (I‐131) (The Tokyo Metropolis and 12 Prefectures)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Radioactive Iodine (I‐131) (The Tokyo Metropolis and 12 Prefectures) Radiation Monitoring Radioactive Iodine (I‐131) of Clean Water (the Tokyo Metropolis and 12 Prefectures) 110 Bq/kg in Tochigi Prefecture on March 24 Morioka City, Iwate Akita City, Akita Yamagata City, Yamagata Hitachinaka City, Ibaraki Utsunomiya City, Tochigi Maebashi City, Gunma Saitama City, Saitama Ichihara City, Chiba Shinjuku Ward, Tokyo Chigasaki City, Kanagawa Niigata City, Niigata Kofu City, Yamanashi Shizuoka City, Shizuoka Radiation Monitoring of Clean Water 7.6 Radioactive Iodine (I‐131) in Tap Water⽔道⽔中の放射性ヨウ素（I-131） Bq/kg: becquerels per kilogram * In the figure above, values below the detection lower limit are treated as 0 for convenience. * Only prefectures where radioactive iodine was detected in the measurement are indicated in the figure. Interim Report on Measures for Radioactive Materials in Tap Water Prepared based on the reference material for the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW)'s Study Meeting on Measures for Radioactive Materials in Tap Water (June 2011) As a result of the inspection of radioactive materials in tap water conducted by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), radioactive iodine was detected in the Tokyo Metropolis and 12 prefectures out of 47 prefectures nationwide. Highest concentrations were detected at the respective locations from March 18 to 29, 2011, but I-131 concentrations turned to decrease in many locations in the latter half of March 2011. In and after April 2011, only small amounts of I-131 were detected at some of these locations. Included in this reference material on March 31, 2013 Updated on January 18, 2016 25 Radiation Monitoring Radioactive Cesium (Cs‐134 + Cs‐137) of Clean Water (the Tokyo Metropolis and 7 Prefectures) 18 Bq/kg in Ibaraki Prefecture on March 21 Morioka City, Iwate Yamagata City, Yamagata Hitachinaka City, Ibaraki Utsunomiya City, Tochigi Maebashi City, Gunma Saitama City, Saitama Ichihara City, Chiba Shinjuku Ward, Tokyo Radiation Monitoring of Clean Water 7.6 Radioactive Cesium (Cs‐134 + Cs‐137) in Tap Water⽔道⽔中の放射性セシウム（Cs-134 +Cs-137） * In the figure above, values below the detection lower limit are treated as 0 for convenience. Bq/kg:becquerels per kilogram * Only prefectures where radioactive cesium was detected in the measurement are indicated in the figure. * ● is marked on dates when the readings were ND (not detected; below the detection lower limit). Interim Report on Measures for Radioactive Materials in Tap Water Prepared based on the reference material for the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW)'s Study Meeting on Measures for Radioactive Materials in Tap Water (June 2011) As a result of the inspection of radioactive materials in tap water conducted by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), radioactive cesium was detected in the Tokyo Metropolis and 7 prefectures out of 47 prefectures nationwide. Highest concentrations were detected at the respective locations from March 20 to early April 2011, but radioactive cesium concentrations were relatively smaller than radioactive iodine concentrations. In and after April 2011, only small amounts of radioactive cesium were detected at some of these locations. Included in this reference material on March 31, 2013 Updated on January 18, 2016 26 31,2013 materialonMarch Included inthisreference detected sinceMay2011,nottomentionshort-half-liferadioactiveiodine. The long-termtapwatermonitoringshowedthatradioactivecesiumhasseldombeen Monitoring of Clean Water Radiation (Bq/kg) (Bq/kg) 100 110 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 10 12 14 16 18 20 0 0 2 4 6 8 3/18 3/18 3/25 3/25 4/1 4/1 Tap Water Results of Long‐term Radiation Monitoring of 4/8 4/8 4/15 4/15 4/22 4/22 Radioactive Cesium (Cs‐134 + Cs‐137) in Tap Water 4/29 4/29 5/6 5/6 5/13 5/13 5/20 5/20 5/27 Radioactive Iodine (I‐131) in Tap Water 5/27 6/3 6/3 6/10 6/10 6/17 6/17 6/24 6/24 7/1 7/1 7/8 7/8 7/15 7/15 7/22 7/22 27 千葉県市原市 群⾺県前橋市 茨城県ひたちなか市 岩⼿県盛岡市 静岡県静岡市 新潟県新潟市 東京都新宿区 埼⽟県さいたま市 栃⽊県宇都宮市 ⼭形県⼭形市 岩⼿県盛岡市 7/29 Ichihara City, Chiba Maebashi City, Gunma Hitachinaka City, Ibaraki Morioka City, Iwate 7/29 Shizuoka City, Shizuoka Niigata City, Niigata Shinjuku Ward, Tokyo Saitama City, Saitama Utsunomiya City, Tochigi Yamagata City, Yamagata Morioka City, Iwate 8/5 8/5 Committee on Living Environment 8/12 8/12 8/19 8/19 8/26 8/26 9/2 9/2 9/9 9/9 9/16 9/16 9/23 9/23 9/30 9/30 10/7 10/7 10/14 10/14 10/21 東京都新宿区 埼⽟県さいたま市 栃⽊県宇都宮市 ⼭形県⼭形市 10/21 ⼭梨県甲府市 神奈川県茅ヶ崎市 千葉県市原市 群⾺県前橋市 茨城県ひたちなか市 秋⽥県秋⽥市 Shinjuku Ward, Tokyo Saitama City, Saitama Utsunomiya City, Tochigi Yamagata City, Yamagata 10/28 10/28 Kofu City, Yamanashi Chigasaki City, Kanagawa Ichihara City, Chiba Maebashi City, Gunma Hitachinaka City, Ibaraki Akita City, Akita and Water Supply in March 2012 11/4 11/4 11/11 11/11 11/18 11/18 11/25 11/25 12/2 12/2 12/9 12/9 12/16 12/16 12/23 12/23 12/30 12/30 1/6 1/6 1/13 1/13 Radiation Monitoring of Clean Water Clean of Monitoring Radiation 7.6 Radiation Monitoring of Clean Water Inspections by Water Suppliers Changes in Number of Specimens for Radioactive Cesium Inspection (specimens) Detection of Radioactive Cesium (Purified Water) (Bq/kg) (Note) Number of cases where radioactive cesium Purified Raw 浄⽔ 原⽔ 180 detection was reported (specimens) water water 165 Number of specimens with either showing a ≦ 8000 ⽚⽅がvalue over 1 and the total being 10 or less>1、合計が 10の検出検体数 160 7176 合計がNumber of specimens with the total being >10の検出検体数 over 10 7000 6812 6680 6670 6666 6753 6441 6573 6418 140 140.5 最⾼濃度Maximum concentration (Cs‐134+Cs‐137)Cs-134+Cs-137134Cs+137Cs（Bq/kg） 6101 6000 120 5000 100 130 83 4000 80 68.8 3000 2603 60 67 2000 40 29 1000 20 19 35 6.1 3.1 3 212 133 148 165 158 158 186 168 173 16 13 1.5 119 127 110.5 1 0.4 0 0 0 6 6 Radiation Monitoring of Clean Water 7.6 Bq/kg: becquerels per kilogram 12th Health Sciences Council's Committee on Living Environment and Water Supply in March 2012 Water suppliers conduct inspections of radioactive cesium for approx. 6,000 to 7,000 specimens of purified water and over 100 specimens of raw water per month. The maximum monthly value of radioactive cesium concentration was 140.5 Bq/kg detected in March 2011, but the value declined gradually thereafter and there has been no report of radioactive cesium detection at a level exceeding 10 Bq/kg since June 2011. Included in this reference material on March 31, 2013 28 Radiation Monitoring of Clean Water Behavior of Radioactive Cesium Conceptual Diagram of Behavior of Radioactive Cesium Environmental Water Tap water Air water purification (mainly river water) Cs I May cesium iodide, gaseous cesium, etc. Cs Cs be contained? Cs Cs Mote Removal Mote (coagulating sedimentation, filtering) ＋ ＋ Particulate cesium Cs Partial removal Cs Cesium ion (adsorption, coagulating sedimentation, filtering) Cesium may exist in such forms as particulate Radiation Monitoring of Clean Water 7.6 cesium or Cs+ (cation) in environmental water. Generally, cations are easily adsorbed by ＋ adsorptive suspensoids with exchange capacity. I Iodine Cs Cesium ion Prepared based on the reference material for the 12th Health Sciences Council's Committee on Living Environment and Water Supply in March 2012 Radioactive cesium discharged due to the accident at Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO)'s Fukushima Daiichi NPS consists of Cs-134 and Cs-137 in equal proportion (1:1) and has also been detected at the same rate in the environment. Radioactive cesium was in the form of particles or gas immediately after discharge from the NPS, but it is considered to have fallen down onto the ground surface and to have been adsorbed into soil and particles, etc. In water, radioactive cesium is adsorbed into particles and tends to behave in the same manner as soil or other suspensoids, and therefore, is highly likely to be reduced by removing suspensoids in water. Included in this reference material on March 31, 2013 Updated on January 18, 2016 29 Radiation Monitoring of Clean Water Control of Radioactive Cesium Most of the radioactive cesium that reaches sources of tap water is adsorbed into suspensoids such as soil and flows out. Therefore, radioactive cesium can be controlled through strict turbidity management. Example of Behavior of Radioactive Cesium (Cs‐134 and Cs‐137) a浄⽔場における放射性セシウム(134Cs、137Cs)の挙動例t Water Purification Plant National Institute of Public Health (Kosaka, et al., Journal of国立保健医療科学院（投稿中データ） Japan Water Works Association, 2014) Cs-137 Cs-134 Radioactive cesium (Bq/L) Radioactive <0.83 <0.59 <0.76 <0.67 <0.58 <0.50 <1.0 <0.47 <0.58 <0.57 Radiation Monitoring of Clean Water 7.6 Water after Biological activated Raw water sedimentation carbon treated water Rapid filtered water Zeolite, ion exchangers, nanofiltration membranes and reverse osmosis membranes are professionally used for removing radioactive materials, but these cannot be used for ordinary water purification due to high cost, required facilities and inefficiency (in particular, the use of nanofiltration membranes and reverse osmosis membranes is power consuming). Bq/L: becquerels per liter 12th Health Sciences Council's Committee on Living Environment and Water Supply in March 2012 As of April 2011, radioactive cesium concentrations in raw water, water after sedimentation, biological activated carbon treated water, and rapid filtered water were measured at water purification plants in Fukushima Prefecture.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Symposium DECEMBER 7–8, 2018
    A Symposium DECEMBER 7–8, 2018 The 2018 Mildred Schnitzer Memorial Lecture in Asian Art THE MILDRED SCHNITZER MEMORIAL LECTURE SERIES The Mildred Schnitzer Asian Art Endowment Fund was established in 1995 to honor the founder of the Portland Art Museum’s Asian Art Council. Mildred Schnitzer (1920–1999) was one of this community’s most passionate advocates for a greater understanding of Asian art and culture. The fund allows the Museum to bring distinguished speakers from around the world to Portland to share their knowledge and insights. The fund was created and has been sustained by contributions from Schnitzer’s daughters and friends, as well as members of the Asian Art Council. Contributions to the fund are welcome. SPONSORS The Mildred Schnitzer Asian Art Endowment Fund Bonhams The Donald Jenkins Visiting Scholar Fund The Metropolitan Center for Far Eastern Art Studies SYMPOSIUM REGISTRATION: Those who have not registered in advance online will be able to register for the symposium at any time at either of the two Museum entrances. Symposium badges can be picked up any time from Thursday, December 6, onwards. EXHIBITION VIEWING HOURS: Poetic Imagination in Japanese Art will be accessible during all hours that the Museum is open to the public: Thursday: 10 a.m.–8 p.m. Friday: 10 a.m.–8 p.m. Saturday: 10 a.m.–5 p.m.* *Extended hours until 7 p.m. for symposium attendees only FRIDAY, DECEMBER 7, 2018 6 p.m. Keynote Lecture: Retired Emperor Goyōzei’s Waka Album and “The Poetry Contest between Different Eras” Dr. Joshua Mostow, University of British Columbia SATURDAY, DECEMBER 8, 2018 8:30 a.m.
    [Show full text]
  • Omagari Station Akita Station
    Current as of January 1, 2021 Compiled by Sendai Brewery Regional Taxation Bureau Akita Results of the Japan Sake Awards - National New Sake Competition … https://www.nrib.go.jp/data/kan/ https://www.nta.go.jp/about/ SAKE Results of the Tohoku Sake Awards …… organization/sendai/release/kampyokai/index.htm MAP http://www.osake.or.jp/ Akita Brewers Association website …… Legend Shinkansen JR Line 454 Private Railway Kosaka 103 Expressway Major National Highway Town Happo City Boundary Shinkansen Station Town Fujisato 104 Gono Line JR and Private Railway Stations Higashi-Odate 103 Town Station Kazuno Odate Station 282 City Noshiro 101 Towada- Takanosu 7 Odate City Futatsui Ou Main Line Minami Station Higashi- Station City Noshiro Port Station Noshiro 103 7 Station Kanisawa IC 285 Hanawa Line 105 Kazuno-Hanawa Ou Main Line Station Odate-Noshiro Airport 282 7 Mitane Town Kitaakita City Ogata Hachirogata Town 101 Village Kamikoani Aniai Station 285 Village 341 Oga City Gojome Akita Nairiku Jūkan Railway 285 Town Oga Oga Line 101 Ikawa Station 105 Katagami Town City Oiwake Station Funakawa Port 7 Senboku City Akita City 13 Tazawako Akita Port Station n Name of City, Town, and Village No. Brewery Name Brand Name Brewery Tour Phone Number Akita Station se n a 13 k Akita City ① Akita Shurui Seizoh Co.,Ltd. TAKASHIMIZU ○Reservation 018-864-7331 n hi Araya Station S ② ARAMASA SHUZO CO.,LTD. ARAMASA × 018-823-6407 ita 46 k A AKITAJOZO CO.,LTD. YUKINOBIJIN 018-832-2818 Kakunodate ③ × ④ Akita Shuzo Co.,Ltd. Suirakuten ○Reservation 018-828-1311 Daisen Station Akita Shurui Seizoh Co.,Ltd.
    [Show full text]
  • The Gunma Guide
    英語版 TThhee GGuunnmmaa GGuuiiddee March / April 2017 （公財）群馬県観光物産国際協会 Gunma Association of Tourism, Local Products & International Exchange(GTIA) 群馬県前橋市大手町 2-1-1 群馬会館 3F TEL 027-243-7271 FAX 027-243-7275 Gunma-ken Maebashi-shi Ote-machi 2-1-1 Gunma Kaikan 3F http://www.gtia.jp/kokusai/english e-mail: [email protected] Tataranuma Kouen ☎0276-72-9122 ◆Mid-March to Mid-April . Tatebayashi to Oura of Oura-machi Area Tsutsujigaoka Daini Kouen ☎ 0276-72-4111 ◆Late March to Mid-April One Shiromachi, Tatebayashi South Side Akagi Nanmen Senbon Zakura ☎027-283-2131 ◆Early to Mid-April 2511-2 Naegashima-machi, Maebashi Maebashi Kouen ☎027-231-0002 ◆Early April 3-14-1 Otemachi, Maebashi ☎ ◆ Shikishima Kouen 027-234-9011 Early April 66 Shikishima-machi, Maebashi Takasaki Kannonyama ☎027-321-1257 ◆Early April 2395 Ishihara-machi, Takasaki Ushibuseyama Shizen Kouen ☎027-387-3111◆Mid- April Taira, Yoshii-machi, Takasaki Kezouji Kouen ☎0270-25-4478 ◆Early April One Kezoji-machi, Isesaki Kiryugaoka Kouen ☎0277-22-7580 ◆Early April 4-1-1 Miyamoto-cho, Kiryu Hachiojiyama Kouen ☎0276-37-3434 ◆Early April to May 2079-3 Kamigoudo-cho, Ota Nagame Kouen ☎0277-76-1270 ◆Mid- April 1635 Ooaza Omama, Omama-cho, Midori Shika no Kawanuma ☎0277-76-1270 ◆Early April Azami, Kasakake-cho, Midori (Near Iwajuku Museum) Numata Joshin Kouen ☎0278-23-2111 ◆Mid- April 594 Nishikurauchi-machi, Numata ☎ ◆ Shironouchi Kouen 0276-63-3111 Early April 2-24 Shironouchi, Oizumi-machi, Oura-gun Ichimine Kouen ☎0274-62-6001 ◆ Early to Mid-April 1332 Nanokaichi, Tomioka Lake Ooshioko
    [Show full text]
  • Case-Based Surveillance of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 in Maebashi City, Japan
    Jpn. J. Infect. Dis., 65, 132-137, 2012 Original Article Case-Based Surveillance of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 in Maebashi City, Japan Satoshi Tsukui* Maebashi Public Health Center, Gunma 371-0014, Japan (Received March 24, 2011. Accepted December 14, 2011) SUMMARY: After national case-based surveillance for pandemic influenza A (H1N1) ceased on July 23, 2009, a daily case-based surveillance system was implemented in Maebashi City, Japan. All medical facilities in the city reported all patients who had positive rapid antigen tests for influenza A. When the epidemic exploded in late October, case-based surveillance for influenza-like illness (ILI) was im- plemented from November 3, 2009 until the end of the epidemic. A total of 7,781 influenza cases were reported between July 25 and November 2, 2009, with a cumulative incidence rate of 22.5 per 1,000 population. Nearly 70z of the patients were under 15 years old. Between November 3, 2009 and the end of March 2010, a total of 16,394 ILI cases were reported, with a cumulative incidence rate of 47.4 per 1,000 population. Of the ILI cases reported, 63z were in patients younger than 15 years old. Only one death with laboratory confirmation of the H1N1 2009 virus was reported during the epidemic. The age- specific reproduction number among children under 15 years of age was almost 1.40, whereas between children and adults (15 years of age and above) it was considerably less than 1.0. The reproduction num- ber derived from the next-generation matrix using data from September 30 to October 14 was estimated to be 1.48 (95z confidence interval, 1.41–1.56).
    [Show full text]
  • TOKYO 2020: Athletes Bond with Host Towns
    The South Sudanese athletes practice on grounds in the city with The South Sudanese team also has opportunities to the support of coaches, interpreters, experience Japanese culture. Here the athletes try and other local volunteers. predicament, Yaizu City supported the athletes until June. During that their hands at pounding mochi. time, thanks in part to the city’s temperate climate, the athletes were able to continue to focus on their training, and all of them managed to beat their personal bests. As word about the stranded Mongolian Para-athletes spread throughout the city, the local residents pitched in to help, offering the athletes masks, fruit, and other The South Sudanese athletes take Japanese classes in forms of support. ONODA Satoshi of the morning. At their request, they are also learning how Yaizu City Hall says, “We consider to use PCs. these athletes to be members of MONGOLIA our community. I understand that situation with ongoing insecurity left athletes all the way through to the Maebashi（JAPAN） Yaizu（JAPAN） it is difficult to train in Mongolia over from the civil war. Refugees and end of the Games. SOUTH SUDAN for months on end because of the internally displaced persons number “If the athletes we’re hosting show cold weather there. Although it 4.3 million—over one-third of the what they can do at the Tokyo 2020 will depend on the coronavirus state’s citizenry. As the country is Games, South Sudanese sports could FEATURE Overcoming Difficulties amid the COVID-19 Crisis situation, I hope that they will be unable to provide its team with an become a unifying force for their able to come again this winter to adequate training environment, whole nation,” says KUWABARA train in the warm weather of our Maebashi City expressed its Kazuhiko of Maebashi City Hall.
    [Show full text]
  • Feelin' Casual! Feelin' Casual!
    Feelin’ casual! Feelin’ casual! to SENDAI to YAMAGATA NIIGATA Very close to Aizukougen Mt. Chausu NIIGATA TOKYO . Very convenient I.C. Tohoku Expressway Only 50minutes by to NIKKO and Nasu Nasu FUKUSHIMA other locations... I.C. SHINKANSEN. JR Tohoku Line(Utsunomiya Line) Banetsu Utsunomiya is Kuroiso Expressway FUKUSHIMA AIR PORT Yunishigawa KORIYAMA your gateway to Tochigi JCT. Yagan tetsudo Line Shiobara Nasu Nishinasuno- shiobara shiobara I.C. Nishi- nasuno Tohoku Shinkansen- Kawaji Kurobane TOBU Utsunomiya Line Okukinu Kawamata 3 UTSUNO- UTSUNOMIYA MIYA I.C. Whole line opening Mt. Nantai Kinugawa Jyoutsu Shinkansen Line to traffic schedule in March,2011 Nikko KANUMA Tobu Bato I.C. Utsunomiya UTSUNOMIYA 2 to NAGANO TOCHIGI Line TOCHIGI Imaichi TSUGA Tohoku Shinkansen Line TAKA- JCT. MIBU USTUNOMIYA 6 SAKI KAMINOKAWA 1 Nagono JCT. IWAFUNE I.C. 1 Utsunomiya → Nikko JCT. Kitakanto I.C. Karasu Shinkansen Expressway yama Line HITACHI Ashio NAKAMINATO JR Nikko Line Utsunomiya Tohoku Shinkansen- I.C. I.C. TAKASAKI SHIN- Utsunomiya Line TOCHIGI Kanuma Utsunomiya Tobu Nikko Line IBARAKI AIR PORT Tobu Motegi KAWAGUCHI Nikko, where both Japanese and international travelers visit, is Utsuno- 5 JCT. miya MISATO OMIYA an international sightseeing spot with many exciting spots to TOCHIGI I.C. see. From Utsunomiya, you can enjoy passing through Cherry Tokyo blossom tunnels or a row of cedar trees on Nikko Highway. Utsunomiya Mashiko Tochigi Kaminokawa NERIMA Metropolitan Mibu I.C. Moka I.C. Expressway Tsuga I.C. SAPPORO JCT. Moka Kitakanto Expressway UENO Nishikiryu I.C. ASAKUSA JR Ryomo Line Tochigi TOKYO Iwafune I.C. Kasama 2 Utsunomiya → Kinugawa Kitakanto Expressway JCT.
    [Show full text]
  • Power Generation and Sales Company
    OverView of Power Enhancing the Cultivating Group Corporate Business Activities Generation and Power Network Safety of Nuclear New Business Companies’ Environment Support for Local Human Corporate Slogan (Value Chain) Sales Company Company Power Stations Opportunities Efforts Communities Resources Governance Power Generation and Sales Company ▪ Efforts to Enhance Thermal Efficiency Enhanced thermal efficiency for thermal power generation are planning to build the Joetsu Thermal Power Station Unit 1 Mission Statement reduces the use of fossil fuels and contributes to the effective in order not only to ensure a steady supply of electricity but use of energy resources. Above all, it helps control CO2 also to achieve high economic efficiency and reduce To offer our customers high-quality and affordable comprehensive emissions. Hence, we actively use thermal power technologies environmental burdens. energy services, with the utmost emphasis on safety. that enable high thermal efficiency. The Noshiro Thermal Power Station Unit 3 has adopted The Higashi Niigata Power Station Series 3, which went into ultra-super critical pressure (USC) as a way to achieve higher Vision operation in 1985, Japan’s first commercial-use, high-capacity thermal efficiency than those of existing Units 1 and 2. Joetsu gas combined-cycle power facility, and achieved thermal Thermal Power Station Unit 1, which is a combined cycle Power generation and sales teams work as one unit to help enrich efficiency of about 48% -- the highest efficiency possible at the power facility with thermal efficiency of 63% or higher (the our customers’ lives and develop business. time. Higashi Niigata Power Station Series 4 and Sendai highest we have ever achieved), aims to achieve high Thermal Power Station Unit 4 later achieved even higher economic efficiency and reduce our impact on the We work to maximize profits by taking on the challenge of achieving - efficiency, and in July 2016, Shin-Sendai Thermal Power environment.
    [Show full text]
  • How the Punctuality of the Shinkansen Has Been Achieved
    Computers in Railways XII 111 How the punctuality of the Shinkansen has been achieved N. Tomii Chiba Institute of Technology, Japan Abstract The high speed railway line in Japan began operation in 1964. The high speed railway is called the Shinkansen and is known for its safety and reliability. In addition, the Shinkansen is well known for punctuality. As a matter of fact, the average delay of trains is less than one minutes every year. The Shinkansen runs along dedicated lines, which seem to be advantageous in keeping punctuality. However, there are lots of disadvantages as well. For example, although traffic is very dense, resources are not abundant. In some Shinkansen lines, trains go directly through conventional railway lines and the Shinkansen is easily influenced by the disruption of those lines. Punctuality of the Shinkansen is supported by hardware, software and humanware. In this paper, we first introduce a brief history of the Shinkansen and then focus on humanware, which makes the punctuality possible. Keywords: high speed trains, punctuality, rescheduling, Shinkansen. 1 Introduction In 1964, a high speed railway line opened in Japan. The new line connects Tokyo, the capitol, and Osaka, the second largest city located 600 km away. The maximum speed of trains was 210km/h, which was almost twice that of other trains in those days and the travelling time between these two cities was halved to only three hours and ten minutes. The new high-speed line was called the Shinkansen and it had a great impact not only on railways in Japan, but also on railways worldwide.
    [Show full text]
  • Tohoku・Yamagata・Akita・Hokkaido Shinkansen Timetable for Sendai・Hokkaido ・Yamagata・Akita
    Tohoku・Yamagata・Akita・Hokkaido Shinkansen Timetable For Sendai・Hokkaido ・Yamagata・Akita Hayate Hayate Hayabusa Komachi Yamabiko Tsubasa Yamabiko Yamabiko Tsubasa Yamabiko Yamabiko Hayabusa Komachi Yamabiko Hayabusa Yamabiko Tsubasa Nasuno Hayabusa Hayabusa Komachi Yamabiko Yamabiko Hayabusa Yamabiko Tsubasa 91 93 95 95 97 171 291 51 121 293 201 1 1 203 3 123 123 251 101 5 5 125 205 103 127 127 Tokyo dep 6:04 6:12 6:20 6:32 6:40 7:00 7:08 7:12 7:16 7:32 7:40 7:44 7:56 8:08 Ueno dep 6:10 6:18 6:26 6:38 6:46 7:06 7:14 7:18 7:22 7:38 7:46 7:50 8:02 8:14 Omiya dep 6:30 6:38 6:46 6:58 7:06 7:26 7:34 7:38 7:42 7:58 8:06 8:10 8:22 8:34 Oyama dep レ レ 7:03 レ 7:23 レ レ 7:58 レ レ レ 8:27 レ レ Utsunomiya dep 6:54 7:02 7:19 レ 7:37 レ 8:03 8:09 レ レ 8:30 8:44 レ 9:05 Nasushiobara dep 6:31 レ レ 7:33 レ 7:54 レ レ 8:23 レ レ レ 9:01 レ レ Shin-Shirakawa dep 6:42 レ レ 7:44 レ 8:08 レ レ レ レ レ 9:11 レ レ Koriyama dep 6:54 7:25 7:31 7:41 7:57 レ 8:24 レ 8:31 レ レ 8:58 9:26 レ 9:33 Fukushima arr 7:07 7:38 7:44 7:54 8:10 レ 8:37 レ 8:44 ┓decoupling レ レ 9:11 9:39 レ 9:46 ┓decoupling Fukushima dep || || 7:48 || || || || || || 8:48 || || || || || || 9:49 Yonezawa dep || || 8:20 || || || || || || 9:26 || || || || || || 10:25 Takahata dep || || 8:30 || || || || || || レ || || || || || || 10:37 Akayu dep || || 8:35 || || || || || || レ || || || || || || 10:42 Kaminoyama-Onsen dep || || 8:48 || || || || || || レ || || || || || || 10:55 Yamagata arr || || 8:57 || || || || || || 10:06 || || || || || || 11:04 Yamagata dep 7:01 || || 8:59 || || || || || || 10:08 || || || || || || Tendo dep 7:10 ||
    [Show full text]
  • COVID-19 Case Report (Gunma's Confirmed Cases)
    COVID-19 Case Report (Gunma's confirmed cases) Occupation/ Case No. Date Confirmed Age Group Gender Domicile Close Contact Place of Employment Same household as the Case No. 4411 4505 Feb. 27, 2021 40 F Isesaki N/A Works part time Close contact to the case confirmed 4506 Feb. 28, 2021 30 M Ota outside of Gunma N/A Works for a company Close contact to the Case No. 4404 4507 Feb. 28, 2021 40 M Ota N/A Works for a company Same household as the Case No. 4466 4508 Feb. 28, 2021 60 M Ota N/A Runs his own business Same household as the Case No. 4466 4509 Feb. 28, 2021 10 M Ota N/A Junior high school student Same household as the Case No. 4466 4510 Feb. 28, 2021 10 F Ota N/A Primary school pupil Same household as the Case No. 4466 4511 Feb. 28, 2021 30 M Oizumi-machi N/A Works for a company Same household as the Case No. 4466 4512 Feb. 28, 2021 Under 10 M Oizumi-machi N/A Primary school pupil Same household as the Case No. 4466 4513 Feb. 28, 2021 Under 10 F Oizumi-machi N/A Kindergartener Same household as the Case No. 4466 4514 Feb. 28, 2021 60 F Oizumi-machi N/A Has no job 4515 Feb. 28, 2021 90 F Maebashi Has no job None 4516 Feb. 28, 2021 50 M Kiryu Has no job N/A One in the same Close contact to the Case No. 4486 4517 Feb. 28, 2021 20 M Maebashi household, who tested Works for a company negative Three in the same 4518 Feb.
    [Show full text]
  • Decreased 16:0/20:4-Phosphatidylinositol Level
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Decreased 16:0/20:4-phosphatidylinositol level in the post-mortem prefrontal Received: 24 October 2016 Accepted: 17 February 2017 cortex of elderly patients with Published: 23 March 2017 schizophrenia Junya Matsumoto1, Hiroki Nakanishi2,3, Yasuto Kunii1,4, Yuki Sugiura5, Dai Yuki5, Akira Wada1,6, Mizuki Hino1, Shin-Ichi Niwa4, Takeshi Kondo5, Michihiko Waki5, Takahiro Hayasaka5, Noritaka Masaki5, Hiroyasu Akatsu7,8, Yoshio Hashizume7, Sakon Yamamoto7, Shinji Sato7,9, Takehiko Sasaki2,3,10, Mitsutoshi Setou5,11,12,13,14,15 & Hirooki Yabe1 The etiology of schizophrenia includes phospholipid abnormalities. Phospholipids are bioactive substances essential for brain function. To analyze differences in the quantity and types of phospholipids present in the brain tissue of patients with schizophrenia, we performed a global analysis of phospholipids in multiple brain samples using liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass/ mass spectrometry (LC-ESI/MS/MS) and imaging mass spectrometry (IMS). We found significantly decreased 16:0/20:4-phosphatidylinositol (PI) levels in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in the brains from patients with schizophrenia in the LC-ESI/MS/MS, and that the 16:0/20:4-PI in grey matter was most prominently diminished according to the IMS experiments. Previous reports investigating PI pathology of schizophrenia did not identify differences in thesn -1 and sn-2 fatty acyl chains. This study is the first to clear the fatty acid composition of PI in brains from patients with schizophrenia. Alteration in the characteristic fatty acid composition of PI may also affect neuronal function, and could play a role in the etiology of schizophrenia.
    [Show full text]
  • By Municipality) (As of March 31, 2020)
    The fiber optic broadband service coverage rate in Japan as of March 2020 (by municipality) (As of March 31, 2020) Municipal Coverage rate of fiber optic Prefecture Municipality broadband service code for households (%) 11011 Hokkaido Chuo Ward, Sapporo City 100.00 11029 Hokkaido Kita Ward, Sapporo City 100.00 11037 Hokkaido Higashi Ward, Sapporo City 100.00 11045 Hokkaido Shiraishi Ward, Sapporo City 100.00 11053 Hokkaido Toyohira Ward, Sapporo City 100.00 11061 Hokkaido Minami Ward, Sapporo City 99.94 11070 Hokkaido Nishi Ward, Sapporo City 100.00 11088 Hokkaido Atsubetsu Ward, Sapporo City 100.00 11096 Hokkaido Teine Ward, Sapporo City 100.00 11100 Hokkaido Kiyota Ward, Sapporo City 100.00 12025 Hokkaido Hakodate City 99.62 12033 Hokkaido Otaru City 100.00 12041 Hokkaido Asahikawa City 99.96 12050 Hokkaido Muroran City 100.00 12068 Hokkaido Kushiro City 99.31 12076 Hokkaido Obihiro City 99.47 12084 Hokkaido Kitami City 98.84 12092 Hokkaido Yubari City 90.24 12106 Hokkaido Iwamizawa City 93.24 12114 Hokkaido Abashiri City 97.29 12122 Hokkaido Rumoi City 97.57 12131 Hokkaido Tomakomai City 100.00 12149 Hokkaido Wakkanai City 99.99 12157 Hokkaido Bibai City 97.86 12165 Hokkaido Ashibetsu City 91.41 12173 Hokkaido Ebetsu City 100.00 12181 Hokkaido Akabira City 97.97 12190 Hokkaido Monbetsu City 94.60 12203 Hokkaido Shibetsu City 90.22 12211 Hokkaido Nayoro City 95.76 12220 Hokkaido Mikasa City 97.08 12238 Hokkaido Nemuro City 100.00 12246 Hokkaido Chitose City 99.32 12254 Hokkaido Takikawa City 100.00 12262 Hokkaido Sunagawa City 99.13
    [Show full text]