Section 7: Rudder Assembly
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
STOL CH 701 / 750 Rudder Assembly Manual
STOL CH 701 / 750 Rudder Parts are labeled for easy identification with a part number and description: Part number example: 7R2-1 Rudder Spar 7 - STOL CH 701 model. R - Rudder section of the aircraft drawings. 2 - Page 2 of the Rudder drawings. 1 - Part 1 on page 2. Kit parts that make up the rudder skeleton. Drawing 7-R-0 is for reference only: for building sequence use this step by step photo assembly guide. This manual has been prepared for assembly of the Rudder Starter Kit supplied with the predrilled Rudder Spar, (starting May 2007), and match drilled Bottom Rib, (starting Jan. 2008). Previous versions did not include the predrilled Rudder Spar or match drilled Bottom Rib. In addition to the photo assembly guide, also refer to drawings 7-R-1, 7-R-2 and 7-R-3 (701) or 75-R-1, 75-R-2, and 75RA-1 (750) (drawing number in right bottom corner of the title block). Always refer to the drawings for technical information: material thickness, part dimension, part orientation, layout distances, and rivet sizes, location and spacing. STOL Zenith Aircraft Company Revision 1.7 (02/2010) RUDDER SKELETON, 7-R-2 CH 701 / 750 www.zenithair.com © 2005 Zenith Aircraft Co SECTION 1 - Page 1 of 12 7R2-1 Spar or 75R2-3 Spar Spar Web - term used to refer to the flat area between the flanges. Tool: half round 6” fine (smooth) double cut hand file. Use a file to remove any burs on the edges of the parts and lightly round off corners. -
Self-Actuating Flaps on Bird and Aircraft Wings 437
Self-actuating flaps on bird and aircraft wings D.W. Bechert, W. Hage & R. Meyer Department of Turbulence Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Berlin, Germany. Abstract Separation control is also an important issue in biology. During the landing approach of birds and in flight through very turbulent air, one observes that the covering feathers on the upper side of bird wings tend to pop up. The raised feathers impede the spreading of the flow separation from the trailing edge to the leading edge of the wing. This mechanism of separation control by bird feathers is described in detail. Self-activated movable flaps (= artificial bird feathers) represent a high-lift system enhancing the maximum lift of airfoils up to 20%. This is achieved without perceivable deleterious effects under cruise conditions. Several data of wind tunnel experiments as well as flight experiments with an aircraft with laminar wing and movable flaps are shown. 1 Movable flaps on wings: artificial bird feathers The issue of artificial feathers on wings, has an almost anecdotal origin. Wolfgang Liebe, the inventor of the boundary layer fence once observed mountain crows in the Alps in the 1930s. He noticed that the covering feathers on the upper side of the wings tend to pop up when the birds were on landing approach or in other situations with high angle of attack, like flight through gusts. Once the attention of the observer is drawn to it, it is comparatively easy to observe this behaviour in almost any bird (see, for example, the feathers on the left-hand wing of a Skua in Fig. -
Jason Dunham Cmd Inv
DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY UNITED STATES FLEET FORCES COMMAND 1562 MITSCHER AVENUE SUITE 250 NORFOLK VA 23551-2487 5830 SerN 00/15 1 7 May 19 FINAL ENDORSEMENT on bf(& ltr of27 Jul 18 From : Commander , U.S. Fleet Forces Command To: File Subj : COMNIAND INVESTIGATION INTO THE DEATH OF ENS SARAH JOY MITCHELL, USN , AT SEA ON 8 JULY 2018 Encl: (64) Voluntary Statement of 16R6 dtd 1 Apr 19 (65) Voluntary Statement of -----b){&) dtd 1 Apr 19 1. I thoroughly reviewed the subject investigation and its endorsements . I approve the findings of fact opinions , and recommendations as previously endorsed and as modified below. 2. Findings of Facts: a. FF 312 added: On the morning of 8 July=~-=--==-=-=,-,,-,:--e-=--==-=-=--=--~ was on the bridge prior to launchino RIB KELLY MILLER and RIB BILLY HAMPTON . After confening with the OOD bJl&J , ll>H& made the decision to execute planned RIB operations . [Encl (21)] b. FF 313 added: The OOD is cha1·ged with "the direct supervi sion of the ship's boats" and is responsible for "ensming that all boat safety regulations are observed" in accordance with reference (c). c. FF 314 added: lliR6 wa s the scheduled OOD for the 0700 - 0930 watch and assumed the watch at 0700. [Encl (17), (22), (64)] d. FF 3 15 added: The boat deck was given pennission from "6f( , thrnugh 6)l6J b)(&) , to load lower , and launch RIB KELLY MILLER and RIB BILLY HAMPTON. Both Rill s were in the water at approxima tely 0910. [Encl (17), (21) , (64)] gave u·ip and shove off orders to the two RIBs before breakaway and then gave them,------- pennission to load , lower and launch when they were rnady. -
Flexfloil Shape Adaptive Control Surfaces—Flight Test and Numerical Results
FLEXFLOIL SHAPE ADAPTIVE CONTROL SURFACES—FLIGHT TEST AND NUMERICAL RESULTS Sridhar Kota∗ , Joaquim R. R. A. Martins∗∗ ∗FlexSys Inc. , ∗∗University of Michigan Keywords: FlexFoil, adaptive compliant trailing edge, flight testing, aerostructural optimization Abstract shape-changing control surface technologies has been realized by the ACTE program in which the The U.S Air Force and NASA recently concluded high-lift flaps of the Gulfstream III test aircraft a series of flight tests, including high speed were replaced by a 19-foot spanwise FlexFoilTM (M = 0:85) and acoustic tests of a Gulfstream III variable-geometry control surfaces on each wing, business jet retrofitted with shape adaptive trail- including a 2 ft wide compliant fairings at each ing edge control surfaces under the Adaptive end, developed by FlexSys Inc. The flight tests Compliant Trailing Edge (ACTE) program. The successfully demonstrated the flight-worthiness long-sought goal of practical, seamless, shape- of the variable geometry control surfaces. changing control surface technologies has been Modern aircraft wings and engines have realized by the ACTE program in which the high- reached near-peak levels of efficiency, making lift flaps of the Gulfstream III test aircraft were further improvements exceedingly difficult. The replaced with 23 ft spanwise FlexFoilTM variable next frontier in improving aircraft efficiency is to geometry control surfaces on each wing. The change the shape of the aircraft wing in-flight to flight tests successfully demonstrated the flight- maximize performance under all operating con- worthiness of the variable geometry control sur- ditions. Modern aircraft wing design is a com- faces. We provide an overview of structural and promise between several constraints and flight systems design requirements, test flight envelope conditions with best performance occurring very (including critical design and test points), re- rarely or purely by chance. -
Small Lightweight Aircraft Navigation in the Presence of Wind Cornel-Alexandru Brezoescu
Small lightweight aircraft navigation in the presence of wind Cornel-Alexandru Brezoescu To cite this version: Cornel-Alexandru Brezoescu. Small lightweight aircraft navigation in the presence of wind. Other. Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2013. English. NNT : 2013COMP2105. tel-01060415 HAL Id: tel-01060415 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01060415 Submitted on 3 Sep 2014 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Par Cornel-Alexandru BREZOESCU Navigation d’un avion miniature de surveillance aérienne en présence de vent Thèse présentée pour l’obtention du grade de Docteur de l’UTC Soutenue le 28 octobre 2013 Spécialité : Laboratoire HEUDIASYC D2105 Navigation d'un avion miniature de surveillance a´erienneen pr´esencede vent Student: BREZOESCU Cornel Alexandru PHD advisors : LOZANO Rogelio CASTILLO Pedro i ii Contents 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Motivation and objectives . .1 1.2 Challenges . .2 1.3 Approach . .3 1.4 Thesis outline . .4 2 Modeling for control 5 2.1 Basic principles of flight . .5 2.1.1 The forces of flight . .6 2.1.2 Parts of an airplane . .7 2.1.3 Misleading lift theories . 10 2.1.4 Lift generated by airflow deflection . -
Feb. 14, 1939. E
Feb. 14, 1939. E. F. ZA PARKA 2,147,360 AIRPLANE CONTROL APPARATUS Original Filed Feb. 16, 1933 7 Sheets-Sheet Feb. 14, 1939. E. F. ZA PARKA 2,147,360 AIRPLANE CONTROL APPARATUS Original Filed Feb. 16, 1933 7 Sheets-Sheet 2 &tkowys Feb. 14, 1939. E. F. zAPARKA 2,147,360 ARP ANE CONTROL APPARATUS Original Filed Feb. 16, 1933 7 Sheets-Sheet 3 Wr a NSeta ?????? ?????????????? "??" ?????? ??????? 8tkowcA" Feb. 14, 1939. E. F. ZA PARKA 2,147,360 AIRPLANE CONTROL APPARATUS Original Filled Feb. 16, 1933 7 Sheets-Sheet 4 Feb. 14, 1939. E. F. ZA PARKA 2,147,360 AIRPLANE CONTROL APPARATUS Original Filed. Feb. l6, l933 7 Sheets-Sheet 5 3. 8. 2. 3 Feb. 14, 1939. E. F. ZA PARKA 2,147,360 AIRPANE CONTROL APPARATUS Original Filled Feb. 16, 1933 7 Sheets-Sheet 6 M76, az 42a2/22/22a/7 ?tows Feb. 14, 1939. E. F. ZAPARKA 2,147,360 AIRPANE CONTROL APPARATUS Original Filled Feb. l6, l933 7 Sheets-Sheet 7 Jway/7 -ZWAZZ/JAZZA/ Juventor. Zff60 / Ze/7 384 ?r re? Patented Feb. 14, 1939 2,147,360 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE AIRPLANE CONTRO APPARATUS Edward F. Zaparka, Baltimore, Md., assignor to Zap Development Corporation, Baltimore, Md., a corporation of Delaware Application February 16, 1933, serial No. 657,133 Renewed February 1, 1937 4. Claims. (CI. 244—42) My invention relates to aircraft construction, parting from the spirit and scope of the appended and in particular relates to the control of aircraft claims, equipped with Wing flaps which Operate in the In order to make my invention more clearly Zone of optimum efficency. -
Amateur-Built Fabrication and Assembly Checklist (2009) (Fixed Wing)
Amateur-Built Fabrication and Assembly Checklist (2009) (Fixed Wing) NOTE: This checklist is only applicable to Name(s) Team Tango fixed wing aircraft. Evaluation of other types of aircraft (i.e., rotorcraft, balloons, Address: 1990 SW 19th Ave. Williston, FL 32696 lighter than air) will not be accomplished Aircraft Model: Foxtrot / Foxtrot ER with this form. Date: 6/23/2010 National Kit Evaluation Team: Tony Peplowski, Steve Remarks: Buczynski, Mike Sloat, Joe Palmisano NOTE: This checklist is invalid for and will This evaluation contains two variants of the Foxtrot aircraft, the base not be used to evaluate an altered or Foxtrot and the extended range (ER) aircraft. The two aircraft are modified type certificated aircraft with the contained in the same parts list and builder's instructions. The ER intent to issue an Experimental Amateur- differences are covered in Appendix 5 of the document. The Foxtrot kit is built Airworthiness Certificate. Such action defined by the Foxtrot 4 Builder’s Manual, “Version 1.1 Dated 5/2010”, violates FAA policy and DOES NOT meet and the Foxtrot Parts List “Version 1.1. dated 5/25/2010.” the intent of § 21.191(g). NOTE: Enter “N/A” in any box where a listed task is not applicable to the particular aircraft being evaluated. Use the “Add item” boxes at the end of each section to add applicable unlisted tasks and award credit. ABCD FABRICATION AND ASSEMBLY TASKS Mfr Kit/Part/ Commercial Am-Builder Am-Builder Component Assistance Assembly Fabrication Task Fuselage – 24 Listed Tasks # F1 Fabricate Longitudinal -
On Aircraft Trailing Edge Noise
NEAT Consulting On Aircraft Trailing Edge Noise Yueping Guo NEAT Consulting, Seal Beach, CA 90740 USA and Russell H. Thomas NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681 USA Future Aircraft Design and Noise Impact 22nd Workshop of the Aeroacoustics Specialists Committee of the CEAS 6 – 7 September 2018 Netherlands Aerospace Centre – Amsterdam Acknowledgments NEAT Consulting • Aircraft Noise Reduction (ANR) Subproject of the Advanced Air Transport Technology (AATT) Project for funding this research 2 Outline NEAT Consulting • Introduction • Trailing edge noise data • Prediction methods • Estimate of HWB trailing edge noise • Summary 3 Introduction NEAT Consulting • Significant noise reduction opportunities for future aircraft have been investigated for the major airframe noise sources • Is trailing edge noise the noise floor? – Need reliable data and/or prediction tool to assess its relative importance • Objectives of this presentation – Review currently available data and prediction methods – Illustrate importance of trailing edge noise for future aircraft by preliminary estimate for the Hybrid-Wing- Body (HWB) aircraft 4 Airframe Noise Reduction NEAT Consulting • Thomas R. H., Burley C.L. and Guo Y. P., “Potential for Landing Gear Noise Reduction on Advanced Aircraft Configurations,” AIAA 2016-3039 • Thomas R. H., Guo Y. P., Berton J. J. and Fernandez H., “Aircraft Noise Reduction Technology Roadmap Toward Achieving the NASA 2035 Noise Goal,” AIAA 2017-3193 • Guo Y. P., Thomas R. H., Clark I.A. and June J.C., “Far Term Noise Reduction -
Design Study of a Supersonic Business Jet with Variable Sweep Wings
27TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF THE AERONAUTICAL SCIENCES DESIGN STUDY OF A SUPERSONIC BUSINESS JET WITH VARIABLE SWEEP WINGS E.Jesse, J.Dijkstra ADSE b.v. Keywords: swing wing, supersonic, business jet, variable sweepback Abstract A design study for a supersonic business jet with variable sweep wings is presented. A comparison with a fixed wing design with the same technology level shows the fundamental differences. It is concluded that a variable sweep design will show worthwhile advantages over fixed wing solutions. 1 General Introduction Fig. 1 Artist impression variable sweep design AD1104 In the EU 6th framework project HISAC (High Speed AirCraft) technologies have been studied to enable the design and development of an 2 The HISAC project environmentally acceptable Small Supersonic The HISAC project is a 6th framework project Business Jet (SSBJ). In this context a for the European Union to investigate the conceptual design with a variable sweep wing technical feasibility of an environmentally has been developed by ADSE, with support acceptable small size supersonic transport from Sukhoi, Dassault Aviation, TsAGI, NLR aircraft. With a budget of 27.5 M€ and 37 and DLR. The objective of this was to assess the partners in 13 countries this 4 year effort value of such a configuration for a possible combined much of the European industry and future SSBJ programme, and to identify critical knowledge centres. design and certification areas should such a configuration prove to be advantageous. To provide a framework for the different studies and investigations foreseen in the HISAC This paper presents the resulting design project a number of aircraft concept designs including the relevant considerations which were defined, which would all meet at least the determined the selected configuration. -
Static and Dynamic Performance of a Morphing Trailing Edge Concept with High-Damping Elastomeric Skin
aerospace Article Static and Dynamic Performance of a Morphing Trailing Edge Concept with High-Damping Elastomeric Skin Maurizio Arena 1,*, Christof Nagel 2, Rosario Pecora 1,* , Oliver Schorsch 2 , Antonio Concilio 3 and Ignazio Dimino 3 1 Department of Industrial Engineering—Aerospace Division, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Claudio, 21, 80125 Napoli (NA), Italy 2 Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials, Wiener Straße 12, D-28359 Bremen, Germany; [email protected] (C.N.); [email protected] (O.S.) 3 Smart Structures Division Via Maiorise, The Italian Aerospace Research Centre, CIRA, 81043 Capua (CE), Italy; [email protected] (A.C.); [email protected] (I.D.) * Correspondence: [email protected] (M.A.); [email protected] (R.P.); Tel.: +39-081-768-3573 (M.A. & R.P.) Received: 18 November 2018; Accepted: 14 February 2019; Published: 19 February 2019 Abstract: Nature has many striking examples of adaptive structures: the emulation of birds’ flight is the true challenge of a morphing wing. The integration of increasingly innovative technologies, such as reliable kinematic mechanisms, embedded servo-actuation and smart materials systems, enables us to realize new structural systems fully compatible with the more and more stringent airworthiness requirements. In this paper, the authors describe the characterization of an adaptive structure, representative of a wing trailing edge, consisting of a finger-like rib mechanism with a highly deformable skin, which comprises both soft and stiff parts. The morphing skin is able to follow the trailing edge movement under repeated cycles, while being stiff enough to preserve its shape under aerodynamic loads and adequately pliable to minimize the actuation power required for morphing. -
A Study of Vehicle Structural Layouts in Post-WWII Aircraft
A Study of Vehicle Structural Layouts in Post-WWII Aircraft Mark D. Sensmeier* Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona, 86301 Jamshid A. Samareh† NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, 23681 In this paper, results of a study of structural layouts of post-WWII aircraft are presented. This study was undertaken to provide the background information necessary to determine typical layouts, design practices, and industry trends in aircraft structural design. Design decisions are often predicated not on performance-related criteria, but rather on such factors as manufacturability, maintenance access, and of course cost. For this reason, a thorough understanding of current “best practices” in the industry is required as an input for the design optimization process. To determine these best practices and industry trends, a large number of aircraft structural “cutaway” illustrations were analyzed for five different aircraft categories (commercial transport jets, business jets, combat jet aircraft, single- engine propeller aircraft, and twin-engine propeller aircraft). Several aspects of wing design and fuselage design characteristics are presented here for the commercial transport and combat aircraft categories. A great deal of commonality was observed for transport structure designs over a range of eras and manufacturers. A much higher degree of variability in structural designs was observed for the combat aircraft, though some discernable trends were observed as well. Nomenclature Frames = Circumferential fuselage structures which help maintain fuselage shape and prevent skin buckling Longerons = Lengthwise fuselage structures which carry bending loads Ribs = Chordwise wing structures which maintain wing shape, carry shear, and prevent skin buckling Spars = Spanwise wing structures which provide primary wing resistance to aerodynamic bending loads I. -
Aerodynamic Efficiency of High Maneuverable Aircraft Applying Adaptive Wing Trailing Edge Section
24TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF THE AERONAUTICAL SCIENCES AERODYNAMIC EFFICIENCY OF HIGH MANEUVERABLE AIRCRAFT APPLYING ADAPTIVE WING TRAILING EDGE SECTION Christian Breitsamter Institute for Fluid Mechanics, Aerodynamics Division, Technische Universität München Boltzmannstrasse 15, 85748 Garching, Germany Keywords: Adaptive wing, high agility aircraft, high angle of attack, force measurements Abstract environmental impacts enforce continuous im- The aerodynamic characteristics of a high- provement of the performance of both civil and agility aircraft of canard-delta wing type are military aircraft. A key issue enhancing the air- analyzed in detail comparing the performance craft efficiency is the use of advanced and adap- obtained by smooth, variable camber wing trail- tive wing technologies (Fig. 1) [1-4]. ing-edge sections versus conventional trailing- The aerodynamic characteristics of adap- edge flaps. Wind tunnel tests are conducted on a tive and form-variable wing elements and multi- detailed model fitted with discrete elements rep- functional control surfaces have been inten- resenting the adaptive wing trailing-edge sec- sively studied in several German and European tions. Force and flow field measurements are research programs [5-8]. Results show increased carried out to study the aerodynamic properties. glide number, reduced drag and improved high Lift, drag and pitching moment coefficients are lift performance. A main focus is on structural evaluated to assess aerodynamic efficiency and concepts for adaptive flap systems as well as for maneuver capabilities. Comparing the data for local surface deformations and the integration of adaptive and conventional flap configurations, related sensors, actuators and controllers in the it is shown that smooth, variable camber results aircraft [9].