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Aircraft De-Icing/Anti-Icing

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Aircraft De-Icing/Anti-Icing Standard Practices Procedure (1)Make sure that all loose snow is removed from the aircraft before you do the de-icing/anti- icing procedures. WARNING: FOR SUFFICIENT HOLDOVER TIME, MAKE SURE THE FREEZING POINT OF THE DE-ICING/ANTI-ICING MIXTURE IS LESS THAN THE AIRCRAFT AND AMBIENT TEMPERATURES. THE HOLDOVER TIME WILL ALSO DECREASE DURING THE CONDITIONS THAT FOLLOW: THERE ARE STRONG WINDS THERE IS PRECIPITATION THE AMBIENT TEMPERATURE DECREASES THERE ARE WINDS CAUSED BY OTHER AIRCRAFT ENGINES THE AIRCRAFT FUEL TEMPERATURE ADJACENT TO THE SKIN IS LESS THAN THE AMBIENT TEMPERATURE. IF YOU DO NOT OBEY THIS WARNING, THE HOLDOVER TIME WILL DECREASE. THIS CAN CAUSE INJURY TO PERSONS AND DAMAGE TO THE EQUIPMENT. WARNING: IF YOU DO THE ANTI-ICING PROCEDURE MORE THAN ONCE, DO THE DE-ICING PROCEDURE AGAIN ALSO. MORE THAN ONE LAYER OF ANTI- ICING WILL CHANGE THE AERODYNAMIC PROPERTY OF THE WINGS. THIS CAN CAUSE INJURIES TO PERSONS AND DAMAGE TO EQUIPMENT. (2)Obey the precautions and standard practices that follow when you do the de-icing/anti-icing procedures: (a)The APU should be shut down for all anti-icing/de-icing operations. (b)If it is necessary to operate the engines or the APU while you do the de-icing/anti-icing procedures, obey the precautions that follow: 1 Make sure that the engines are at idle speed. 2 Make sure that all bleed air valves are closed. 3 Make sure that all the external lights in the de-icing/anti-icing area are off. 4 Make sure the valves for the air conditioning unit are off. WARNING: DO NOT LET DE-ICING FLUID GO INTO THE APU. DE-ICING FLUID IN THE APU CAN CAUSE THE APU SPEED TO BE OUT OF CONTROL. YOU CAN CAUSE INJURY TO PERSONNEL AND DAMAGE TO THE APU. 5 Adjust the rudder to the full left position, this prevents the rudder from directing fluid into the APU inlet. (c) Do not point the spray of de-icing/anti-icing fluid directly into the areas that follow: Windshields Side windows Passenger compartment windows Door and window seals Pitot/static probes Total air temperature (TAT) probes Angle of attack (AOA) sensors Static pressure ports Antennas Winglets Engine intake and exhaust ports Engine thrust reversers Fuel drains Wheels and brakes Waste water and condensation drains Ram air intake Auxiliary power unit (APU) inlet and exhaust areas Emergency door handles. Landing gear Bleed-air overboard exhausts (d)If the aircraft is moved from a warm hangar during freezing precipitation, do one of the steps that follows: NOTE: Freezing precipitation will melt when it touches the warm surfaces, then freeze to the surface when it becomes cold. 1 Do the anti-icing procedure before the aircraft is moved out of the warm hangar. 2 Let the aircraft temperature decrease below freezing, before it is moved out of the hangar. (e)If you use warm water to remove the ice and frost, do the steps that follow: 1 Do the procedure in a warm hanger. 2 If anti-icing fluid is not applied, then keep the aircraft in the warm hanger until it is dry. (f) If possible, increase the temperature of the de-icing fluid and water mixture to 180 to 200 °F (82.3 to 93.4 °C), at the source. (g) Do not use a continuous flow of de-icing fluid directly at one location on the aircraft surfaces. (h)Apply the fluid at a low angle to prevent damage to the aircraft surfaces. (i) Do not use more than 10 psi (68.9 kPa) of pressure to blow the ice and snow off the surfaces. (j) To apply the fluid across a large area of snow or ice, use a light to moderate spray. (k)Do not spray the fluid into the wind. (I) Apply the de-icing/anti-icing fluid from the highest to the lowest areas. (m) Apply the spray as near to the surface as possible. (n)The effect of the de-icing/anti-icing will decrease with the conditions that follow: High winds Winds caused by other aircraft engines Wet snow High precipitation Aircraft skin temperature Fuel temperature in areas near the skin Sun light. (o)After the aircraft is operated in very wet snow, do the steps that follow: 1 Carefully examine the aircraft for snow and damage, in the areas that follow: The leading edges The slats, adjacent structure, and travel areas The flaps, adjacent structure, and travel areas The spoilers, adjacent structure, and travel areas The ailerons, adjacent structure, and travel areas The vertical stabilizer and adjacent structure The rudder, the adjacent structure, and travel area The horizontal stabilizers, the adjacent structure, and travel areas The elevators, the adjacent structure and travel area The nose and main landing gear wheel wells and the landing gears travel areas The aircraft skin aft of the nose and main landing gears Engine intake area. (p) If there is continuous precipitation, do the steps that follow: 1 Do the 2-step de-icing/anti-icing procedure. NOTE: Use the recommended concentration of fluid and water mixture for the applicable weather conditions and temperature. 2 Do the de-icing/anti-icing procedure as close to flight time as possible. 3 Make sure that there is no ice, snow, and unwanted material in the engine intake area. NOTE: Before the engines start, examine the fan blades for ice and snow. Make sure to remove all ice and snow with a flow of hot air pointed at these areas. Ice and snow can cause damage to the engines. 4 During freezing fog conditions, examine the rear of the fan blades for ice and frost before the engines start. 5 During wet snow conditions, do the steps that follow: NOTE: The de-icing/anti-icing mixture will be less satisfactory if more water is absorbed into the mixture. a Decrease the holdover time, because the deterioration of the fluid mixture will occur faster. b Increase the concentration of anti-icing fluid and water mixture, as applicable. (3) For short term parking of the aircraft in an open area during cold weather, do the steps that follow: (a)Do the pre-takeoff inspection as soon to the departure time as possible. NOTE: If at night, make sure that sufficient light is available to do the inspection of the aircraft. (b)Do a visual inspection of the aircraft components and areas that follow: Make sure that the pitot static tubes are clear of snow, frost, ice, and unwanted material. Make sure that the static pressure ports are clear of snow, frost, ice, and unwanted material. Make sure that all the doors are clear of are clear of snow, frost, ice, and unwanted material. Make sure that the TAT and the AOA are clear of snow, frost, ice, and unwanted material. Make sure that the windshield are clear of snow, frost, ice, and unwanted material. Make sure that all the flight control surfaces and their travel areas are clear of snow, frost, ice, and unwanted material. Make sure that the main and nose landing gears and bays are clear of snow, frost, ice, and unwanted material. Make sure that the engine intakes and exhausts are clear of snow, frost, ice, and unwanted material. Make sure that all inlets, exhausts, and drains are clear of snow, frost, ice, and unwanted material. (c)If necessary, do the de-icing/anti-icing procedure again, until all the snow, frost, and ice is removed from the critical aircraft components and areas. Close Out (1) Remove all tools, equipment and unwanted materials from the work area. SNOW REMOVAL Aircraft Snow Removal Procedure (1) Remove the snow, frost, and ice from the area around the aircraft as applicable. (2) If needed, apply electrical power to the aircraft as follows: (a)For external electrical power source, connect and energize the external ac power. (b)For internal electrical power source, start the auxiliary power unit (APU). (3) Prepare the aircraft for snow removal as follows: CAUTION: MAKE SURE THAT ALL OF THE FLAP SYSTEM COMPONENTS MOVE FREELY. THE COMPONENTS MUST NOT CATCH ON THE STRUCTURE WHEN THE FLAPS ARE EXTENDED OR RETRACTED. YOU CAN CAUSE DAMAGE TO THE COMPONENTS OR THE STRUCTURE. (4)Make sure that the snow and ice is removed from around the nose and main landing gear as follows: (a)Use a shovel and a broom to remove the snow that has collected around the tires. CAUTION: DO NOT MOVE THE AIRCRAFT IF THE TIRES ARE FROZEN TO THE GROUND. MAKE SURE THAT THE TIRES CAN TURN FREELY BEFORE YOU MOVE THE AIRCRAFT. IF YOU DO NOT DO THIS, YOU CAN CAUSE DAMAGE TO THE EQUIPMENT. CAUTION: DO NOT USE SALT OR MATERIALS THAT CAN CAUSE CORROSION TO RELEASE TIRES THAT ARE FROZEN TO THE GROUND. IF YOU DO THIS, YOU WILL CAUSE DAMAGE TO THE AIRCRAFT. (b)If the tires are frozen to the ground, release the tires as follows: 1 If you use warm air, do as follows: a Use forced warm air to heat the ground and the tires. 2 If you use de-icing fluid, do as follows: a Use warm de-icing fluid to heat the ground around the tires. b Make sure that you remove all the unwanted de-icing fluid from the area. NOTE: The de-icing fluid can freeze when the temperature decreases or precipitation falls. WARNING: OBEY THE PRECAUTIONS THAT FOLLOW WHEN YOU DO WORK ON OR NEAR THE WINDSHIELD OR THE WINDOWS: BE CAREFUL BECAUSE THE WINDOW SURFACES HAVE HIGH LEVELS OF STATIC VOLTAGE FOR MANY HOURS AFTER FLIGHT.
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