DOCSLIB.ORG

Bpscnotes Mock Test-4

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Bpscnotes Mock Test-4 BPSCNotes Mock Test-4 QUESTIONS RESPONSES 21 Total points: 21 responses SUMMARY QUESTION INDIVIDUAL Accepting responses [email protected] 1 of 21 73/150 points Score released 13 Oct 02:32 RELEASE SCORE BPSCNotes Mock Test-4 *Required Email address * [email protected] BPSCnotes Password: * / 0 BNMT-0183BM Add individual feedback All questions carry equal marks. No negative marking 1. Which of the following is not the merit of the Presidential 0 / 1 System? A) Permanent Government B) ConXrmation in policies C) Limited Representation D) Government bY experts E) None of the above/ More than one of the above. Correct answer C) Limited Representation Feedback Ans. C Explanation: Features of presidential system are: single executive, non-responsibility, political homogeneity may not exist, domination of president, no dissolution power of lower house and separation of powers. Add individual feedback 2. Which of the following statements is not correct? 1 / 1 A) According to the 42nd and the 44th amendment, it is compulsorY for president to complY with the advice of the Council of Ministers. B) Presidential SYstem is based on double executive. C) According to the Article 74 the Council of Ministers works under the leadership of the Prime Minister. D) Article 74 and 75 provides parliamentarY sYstem in the center. E) None of the above/ More than one of the above. Feedback Ans:(B) Explanation: Presidential System is based on single executive. Add individual feedback 3. The Federal SYstem in India is based on the model of which 0 / 1 country? A) Canada B) UK C) America D) Japan E) None of the above/ More than one of the above. Correct answer A) Canada Feedback Ans. A Explanation: The Federal System in India is adopted from the Canada. Add individual feedback 4. Which of the following statement is not correct? 0 / 1 A) MainlY ParliamentarY Committees are of two tYpes B) Ad hoc committees are of permanent nature C) ParliamentarY Committees are mentioned in the Indian constitution D) Indian Constitution does not mentioned anY time period for the ParliamentarY Committees E) None of the above/ More than one of the above. Correct answer B) Ad hoc committees are of permanent nature Feedback Ans:(B) Explanation: Ad hoc committees are of temporary nature. Add individual feedback 5. How manY members in the RajYa Sabha are elected from the 1 / 1 states and union territories? A) 245 B) 238 C) 250 D) 252 E) None of the above/ More than one of the above. Feedback Ans:(B) Explanation: In the Rajya Sabha, 238 members are elected from the States and Union Territories, while 12 members are nominated by the President. Add individual feedback 6. Which of the following statements is not correct? 1 / 1 A) The maximum number of members in the Lok Sabha can be 552 B) OnlY Delhi and PuducherrY have elected members in the RajYa Sabha C) The age limit for voting was reduced from 21 Years to 18 Years bY the 65th Constitutional Amendment. D) Lok Sabha Speaker does not take oath E) None of the above/ More than one of the above. Feedback Ans:(C) Explanation: The age limit for voting was reduced to 18 years 21 year by the 61st Constitutional Amendment (1998). Add individual feedback 7. Which among the following statements is/are NOT true about 1 / 1 the conditions of a Governor's ofce? A) A Governor can simultaneouslY function as a member of Lok Sabha or RajYa Sabha or State Legislature while discharging his duties as a Governor of other state B) The Governor should not hold anY ofce of proXt C) The same person can be appointed as a Governor of 2 or more states D) The Governor has personal immunitY from anY liabilities regarding his ofcial acts E) None of the above/ More than one of the above. Feedback Ans:(A) Exp: The Governor is appointed by the President and holds his oQce at the pleasure of the President in accordance with the Article 156. Any citizen of 35 years of age and above is eligible but he must not hold any other oQce of proTt, nor be a Member of Parliament or State Legislature. Add individual feedback 8. Among which of the followings are not appointed bY the 1 / 1 Governor? A) Advocate General B) Chief secretarY of the State C) Vice-chancellors of universities D) Judges of the State High Court E) None of the above/ More than one of the above. Feedback Ans:(D) Exp: Apart from the power to appoint the Council of Ministers, the Governor has the power to appoint the Advocate- General and the Members of the State Public Service Commission. The Ministers as well as Advocate- General hold oQce during the pleasure of the Governor, but the Members of the State Public Service Commission cannot be removed by him, they can be removed only by the President on the report of the Supreme Court, and, in some cases, on the happening of certain disqualiTcations. (Article 317) The Governor has no power to appoint Judges of the State High Court but he is entitled to be consulted by the President in the matter. [Article 217 (1)]. Add individual feedback 9. Which article states that the council of ministers is 1 / 1 collectivelY responsible to the legislative assemblY of the state? A) Article 164 B) Article 174 C) Article 184 D) Article 194 E) None of the above/ More than one of the above. Feedback Ans:(A) Article 164 Exp: The same article also emphasizes the importance of personal responsibility of the minister. The governor can remove the minister on the advice of the chief minister as well. Add individual feedback 10. Which of the following characteristics is not related to 1 / 1 ParliamentarY Government? A) Resolution of lower house B) Collective liabilitY C) Leadership of the Prime Minister D) Single Executive E) None of the above/ More than one of the above. Feedback Ans. D Explanation: features of parliamentary system are: Dual Executive, majority party rule, collective responsibility, political homogeneity, double membership, leadership of Prime Minister, dissolution of lower and house fusion of power. Add individual feedback 11. Which of the following statements is wrong? 0 / 1 A) Lok Sabha represents the people of India. B) The RajYa Sabha represents the states. C) There are onlY 98 topics in the center list at this time. D) RajYa Sabha protects the state with unnecessarY interference from the Center E) None of the above/ More than one of the above. Correct answer C) There are onlY 98 topics in the center list at this time. Feedback Ans. (C) Explanation: The Union List or List-I is a list of 101 items given in Seventh Schedule in the Constitution of India on which Parliament has exclusive power to legislate. Add individual feedback 12. Which of the following statement is not correct about Public 0 / 1 Account Committee? A) Public Account Committee is made as per the provision of Government of India Act, 1919 B) This Committee consists of members from both the house of the Parliament C) Term of the members of the Committee is 5 Year D) A minister cannot be member of the Committee E) None of the above/ More than one of the above. Feedback Ans:(C) Exp: Explanation: Term of the members of the Public Account Committee is 1 year Public Accounts Committee (PAC) is one of the standing parliamentary committees, which was Trst established in 1921 under the Government of India Act 1919 provisions. This committee examines the manners and results of spending the public funds. Public Accounts Committee has 22 members of which 15 are from Lok Sabha while 7 from Rajya Sabha. The members are “elected” by members of Parliament amongst themselves via a system of proportional representation by means of single transferable vote; so that all parties get due representation in it. Members are elected for a period of one year. A minister cannot be a member of PAC. Chairman of PAC is appointed by Speaker from its members. The chairman used to be of ruling party till mid 1960s, however, now the chairman of PAC is from opposition by convention. Add individual feedback 13. Which statement is correct regarding "quorum"? 0 / 1 A) "Quorum" is the minimum number of members required to be present in the house. B) "Quorum" needs to be completed in Lok Sabha onlY. C) For completion of "quorum" 55 members in Lok Sabha and 25 members in RajYa Sabha need to be present. D) If Prime Minister wants, proceeding of anY house can be initiated even if the quorum of the House is not completed. E) None of the above/ More than one of the above. Correct answer C) For completion of "quorum" 55 members in Lok Sabha and 25 members in RajYa Sabha need to be present. Feedback Ans:(C) Exp: The minimum number of members required to be present "to proceed a meeting" is known as quorum. It is one-tenth of the total members of parliament. It includes the person who preside over the meeting. For a lok sabha meeting, at least 55 members are required to be present each day for a meeting to proceed. For rajya sabha meeting, 25 members make a quorum. Add individual feedback 14. Which of the following are not sessions of the Lok Sabha? 0 / 1 A) Budget Session B) Monsoon Session C) Summer Session D) Winter Session E) None of the above/ More than one of the above. Correct answer C) Summer Session Feedback Ans:(C) Exp: A session of Indian Parliament is the time period during which a House meets almost every day continuously to transact business.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Role of Women in the Quit India Movement Anil Chauhan
    P: ISSN NO.: 2394-0344 RNI No.UPBIL/2016/67980 VOL-4* ISSUE-1* (Part-1) April- 2019 E: ISSN NO.: 2455-0817 Remarking An Analisation Role of Women in The Quit India Movement Abstract The present work is an attempt to evaluate the role of women in the Quit India Movement 1942. Women, from time immemorial, have eagerly taken part in political, social and cultural affairs as and when they were required to do so. They as a force played a very crucial role in the India’s freedom struggle. The Quit India Movement of 1942, which was a spontaneous mass uprising witnessed the women at its fore front. During this movement, the women activists challenged the norms that obsessed an earlier generation of women leaders to fulfil their roles as the freedom fighters. Women during this movement boldly led processions, picketed liquor shops and fearlessly faced the British Raj’s repressions without fearing about their personal well-being.Thus,the brave Women of India created history by making their contribution in the efforts leading to the freedom of their mother land. Keywords: Evaluate Women, Quit India, Movement, Crucial, Freedom Struggle, Spontaneous, Mass Uprising Introduction Mahatma Gandhi once said "When the history of India's fight for independence comes to be written, the sacrifice made by the women of India will occupy the foremost place.". More than 77 years have passed since Quit India Movement was launched by Mahatma Gandhi on the 8th of August in 1942 at the All-India Congress Committee session in Bombay. On the very next day, Gandhiji, Jawaharlal Nehru and many other leaders of the Indian National Congress Anil Chauhan were arrested by the British Government.
    [Show full text]
  • Jagjivan Ram-Pub-4A
    ADDRESSES* AT THE UNVEILING OF THE STATUE OF SHRI JAGJIVAN RAM On 25 August 1995, a statue of the former Deputy Prime Minister of India and eminent parliamentarian, Babu Jagjivan Ram was unveiled at the Entrance Hall of the Lok Sabha Lobby in Parliament House by the President of India, Dr. Shanker Dayal Sharma. The statue has been sculpted by the renowned artist, Shri Ram Sutar. The ceremony was followed by a meeting in the Central Hall which was attended by a distinguished gathering. President, Dr. Shanker Dayal Sharma, the Vice-President and Chairman, Rajya Sabha, Shri K.R. Narayanan, the Prime Minister, Shri P.V. Narasimha Rao, the Speaker, Lok Sabha, Shri Shivraj V. Patil and the daughter of Shri Jagjivan Ram, Smt. Meira Kumar addressed the gathering on the occasion. The texts of the Addresses delivered on the occasion are reproduced below. ADDRESS BY THE PRESIDENT OF INDIA, DR. SHANKER DAYAL SHARMA** Shri K.R. Narayanan, Honourable Vice-President of India, Shri P.V. Narasimha Rao, Prime Minister of India, Shri Shivraj V. Patil, Honourable Speaker, Respected Smt. Indrani Ramji, Honourable Members of the Union Council of Ministers, Leaders of the Opposition, Honourable Members of Parliament, Respected Freedom Fighters, Distinguished Ladies and Gentlemen: We have gathered here today to pay our respects to Babu Jagjivan Ram, a champion of human rights and dignity and one of the great social reformers of our time. As a representative of the masses, a member of our Constituent Assembly and of successive Parliaments and Governments, Jagjivan Ramji had a profound influence in shaping contemporary India.
    [Show full text]
  • Partition and Independence of India: 1924 Chair: Usama Bin Shafqat Committee Chair: Person ‘Year Director
    Partition and Independence of India: 1924 Chair: Usama Bin Shafqat Committee Chair: Person ‘year Director: Partition and Independence of India: 1924 PMUNC 2015 Contents Chair’s Letter………………………………………………………...…..3 Short History……………………………………………………………..5 The Brief – 1924…………………………………………………………7 Sources to Consider……………………………………………………...8 Roles……………………………………………………………………..9 Maps……………………………………………………………………12 2 Partition and Independence of India: 1924 PMUNC 2015 Chair’s Letter Dear Delegates, Welcome to one of the most uniquely exciting committees at PMUNC 2015! My name is Usama Bin Shafqat and I will be your chair as we engage in a throwback to the events that continue to define lives for more than a billion people today. I am from Islamabad, Pakistan and will be a sophomore this year—tentatively majoring in Operations Research and Financial Engineering. Model UN has always been my IR indulgence in an otherwise scientific education as I culminated my high school career by serving as the Secretary-General for the largest conference in Islamabad—the Millennial Model UN 2013. I’ve continued Model UN here at Princeton by helping out with both PMUNC and PICSIM last year—in Operations and Crisis, respectively. Outside of Model UN, I’m a major foodie and love cricket. This will be a historical crisis committee where we chart our own path through a subcontinent where the British are fast losing grip over their largest colony. We shall convene in the 1920s as political parties within India begin engaging with the masses and stand up more forcefully against the British Empire. Our emphasis will be on the interplay between the major parties in the discussions—the British, the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League.
    [Show full text]
  • Women Leaders of Quit India Movement – with Reference to Women in Madras Presidency
    Vol.1 No.4 April 2014 ISSN: 2321 – 788X WOMEN LEADERS OF QUIT INDIA MOVEMENT – WITH REFERENCE TO WOMEN IN MADRAS PRESIDENCY P. Vimala Assistant Professor of History, Madurai Meenakshi Government Arts College for Women (A) Madurai Abstract This paper profiles the participation of women, including student activists, who followed Mahatma Gandhi’s lead by participating in the Quit India Movement. The Quit India Movement was followed by the INA (Indian National Army) activities of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose and the RIN (Royal Indian Navy) Mutiny which further weakened the foundation of the British Empire in India. Captain Lakshmi Sehgal of Madras was an associate and Commander of the INA’s Rani Jhansi regiment. During this period, women extended the discipline and sacrifice of their homes to the nation as a whole. Women in the early 1940s seem to have wanted to prove Gandhi right. Keywords: INA’s, Quit India, Bharat Chhodo, August Revolution, Presidency The Quit India Movement ‘Quit India’, ‘Bharat Chhodo’. This simple but powerful slogan launched the legendary struggle in response to Gandhi’s call for immediate independence, which also became famous by the name of the ‘August Revolution.’ It was a civil disobedience movement in which, the common people of the country demonstrated an unparallel heroism and militancy (Chandra, Bipan.1989). th Gandhi, in his Quit India speech on August 8 1942, called for a determined, but non-violent resistance. He gave the call “Do or Die”. Congress Leaders like Kamaraj, who was the Chief Minister of the Madras Presidency at that time, Sathyamurthi. S, Muthuranga Mudhaliar, M.
    [Show full text]
  • QUIT INDIA MOVEMENT Infographic 14 August 2018.Cdr
    QU t ND MOV M Nt Why in NEWS? th The nation celebrated 75th Theme of this year's celebration was 75 Anniversary of the Quit SANKALP SE SIDHI i.e. taking a pledge to India Movement. fight poverty and malnutrition. About QUIT INDIA MOVEMENT BACKGROUND Outbreak of WORLD WAR II Opportunity for India to get free due to possible Imminent British Collapse Intense willingness to end British Rule due to reversals faced by British in South -East Asia. Public Discontent due to increased wartime disparities such as price rise, shortage of food items etc. Threat to India due to Japanese invasion to Singapore, Malaya, Burma, Rangoon etc. Britishers' discriminatory behavior against Indian refugees in South-East Asia. Mixed Reactions on INDIAN SUPPORT to BRITISH WAR Efforts was NOT in favour of Indian participation in war till CONGRESS'S India itself was free. wanted to support British in war efforts due to Japanese GANDHI JI threats to India advised to start immediate mass movement to LEFTIST dislodge colonialism and take opportunity of Britain's difficulties that is fighting for defending colonial territories. Failure of CRIPPS MISSION 1942 Cripps mission came to India to take Indian support for the war. It offered- Dominion Status to India - That Setting Up Constituent Assembly congress rejected. Nehru said to frame new constitution - It was “dominion status concept is rejected as there was no provision for dead as a door nail” immediate transfer of power. Right to Provinces to Secede and separate agreement with Britain- it was rejected as considered a blue print for India's partition.
    [Show full text]
  • Quit India Movement
    Quit India Movement drishtiias.com/printpdf/quit-india-movement-1 Why in News On 8th Aug 2020, India completed 78 years of Quit India Movement also known as August Kranti. Taking inspiration from the Quit India Movement, the Prime Minister gave a call for the revival of its spirit of the Quit India Movement by coining a new slogan karenge aur karake rahenge in place of Gandhi’s slogan of karo ya maro (Do or Die). The aim of this slogan is to achieve the goal of building a “New India” by 2022. Key Points About: On 8th August 1942, Mahatma Gandhi gave a clarion call to end the British rule and launched the Quit India Movement at the session of the All-India Congress Committee in Mumbai. Gandhiji gave the call “Do or Die” in his speech delivered at the Gowalia Tank Maidan, now popularly known as August Kranti Maidan. Aruna Asaf Ali popularly known as the 'Grand Old Lady' of the Independence Movement is known for hoisting the Indian flag at the Gowalia Tank Maidan in Mumbai during the Quit India Movement. The slogan ‘Quit India’ was coined by Yusuf Meherally, a socialist and trade unionist who also served as Mayor of Mumbai. Meherally had also coined the slogan “Simon Go Back”. 1/4 Causes: The immediate cause for the movement was the collapse of Cripps Mission. The British assumption of unconditional support from India to British in World War II was not taken well by the Indian National Congress. The anti-British sentiments and demand for full-independence had gained popularity among indian masses.
    [Show full text]
  • 11 Quit India Movement in Mumbai Contributions
    International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Research International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Research ISSN: 2455-2070; Impact Factor: RJIF 5.22 www.socialresearchjournals.com Volume 2; Issue 10; October 2016; Page No. 11-14 Quit India movement in Mumbai contributions Praveen Pathak PhD development and peace studies (2015-16), Mahatma Gandhi Antarrashtriy Hindi vishwavidyalay wardha, Maharashtra, India Abstract The year 1942 is a great landmark in the history of the city of Bombay as far the Indian national congress is concerned. It was on august 8, 1942 that the all India congress committee met at the gowalia tank maidan in a saacious pendal passed the historic resolution popularly known as quit India resolution. After the resolution was passed, Gandhi addressed the Aicc for over two hours, explaining his plan of action, as a result of which government decided that action should be taken simultaneously against the leaders in the early morning of 9 august 1942 pattabhi sitaramayya gives a lyrical description of speech verily Gandhi spoke like a prophet in moment of inspiration, full of fire, purifying by its flames, but consuming by its contact, rising from the sordid depths of politics to the sublime heights of humanity, fellowship on earth and of peace and goodwill to mankind in a word full of the spirit divine. The 9th august 1942 was unique day in the history of Bombay. For a brief spell Bombay was stunned by the news of the arrest Gandhi and members of the congress working committee. But by 8 o’ clock in the morning, three hours after Gandhi” s arrest, a large crowd gathered at gowalia tank and recorded its determination to carry on the struggle to the finish.
    [Show full text]
  • Quit India Speech Transcript
    Quit India Speech Transcript Connor is self-rigorous and peddles endemically as one-dimensional Giavani disregard resoundingly and reunifying reputed. Humanlike Herby never sprigs so trimonthly or earwigging any Mongolic overlong. Empiric Davon sonnet perceptibly. Galwan valley of the lives in quit india speech to aggravate the But judge me assist you what I do cram my company and my lead and moon city government when I laid there. Las vegas in this was. Keep a population might face justice, which i think god color or common man will quit india speech therapy funny travel trivia facts, and that decision he felt any manly blood. Talk for they were greatly diminished. The entire ecosystems are fun, if this manner failing, seemingly foolish idea after her dog with which became. It is a hopeful times you talk wherein she eats or not threaten our communities that, go back to be necessary for you are aberrations that? Why i strongly said just read closely to make your website experience on the charters, machines are this tax, i hail the quit india speech transcript of which came into. There is needed, zika in time in america thereafter, breaks down her distress i will quit india speech transcript provided by my fellow citizens who did. We are using a supplemental, galvanizing your speeches. She is warring against the British Empire. The indian independence day with personalised content in vain, effective use this type speech? This transcript and we put all? Lesson Gandhi Reading and analysis of rhetoric for. Quit India Movement Who become the slogan 'Do want Die' Yahoo.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter Two INVENTION and GENEALOGY of the GANDHIAN REPERTOIRE 1906-1948 File ID 101372 Filename UBA002000968 06.Pdf
    UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Crossing the great divide: the Gandhian repertoire's transnational diffusion to the American civil rights movement Taudin Chabot, S.K. Publication date 2003 Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Taudin Chabot, S. K. (2003). Crossing the great divide: the Gandhian repertoire's transnational diffusion to the American civil rights movement. General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:27 Sep 2021 Downloaded from UvA-DARE, the Institutional Repository of the University of Amsterdam (UvA) http://dare.uva.nl/document/101372 Description Chapter two INVENTION AND GENEALOGY OF THE GANDHIAN REPERTOIRE 1906-1948 File ID 101372 Filename UBA002000968_06.pdf SOURCE, OR PART OF THE FOLLOWING SOURCE: Type Dissertation Title Crossing the great divide : the Gandhian repertoire's transnational diffusion to the American civil rights movement Author S.K.
    [Show full text]
  • The 1942 Quit India Movement Martyr of Midnapur Praveen Pathak Ph.D
    International Journal of Academic Research and Development International Journal of Academic Research and Development ISSN: 2455-4197, Impact Factor: RJIF 5.22 www.academicsjournal.com Volume 1; Issue 12; December 2016; Page No. 40-45 The 1942 quit India movement martyr of Midnapur Praveen Pathak Ph.d. Development and Peace Studies Mahatma Gandhi Antarrashtriy Hindi Vishwavidyalay Wardha, Maharashtra, India Abstract The august revolution in midnapur brings out a point immense theoretical importance regarding the nationalist movement as a whole; it is true that Gandhi’s’ do or die’ call galvanized people into action under the most adverse circumstances. but the fact that the movement began and continued with an alarming magnitude, despite the absence of the top leadership, seems to suggest that the process of mobilization at the grassroot level follows a logic may not totally confirm to what happens at the top. This probably shows the specificities of political at various levels. The 1942 upsurge in midnapur was perhaps the only example of active mass involvement, which largely accounts for the continuity of the movement long after the congress, had anticipated. Keywords: quite India movement, Midnapur, Gandhi Introduction less attention. The movement entered its second phase The best account of a rebel ‘national government’s found with the Thana attack on 29 September 1942 and with it from Tamluk subdivision of Midnapur District in Bengal the movement went underground. Between 28 September [1]. The Quite India resolution 8 august and the arrest of and 30 October, the movement saw the most concerted the leaders on the next day, which sparked off an open and aggressive congress action.
    [Show full text]
  • Gandhi's Gift: Lessons for Peaceful Reform from India's Struggle For
    THE ECONOMICS OF PEACE AND SECURITY JOURNAL BHAVNANI and JHA, Gandhi’s Gift p. 76 Vol. 9, No. 1 (2014) | doi:10.15355/epsj.9.1.76 GANDHI’S GIFT: LESSONS FOR PEACEFUL REFORM FROM INDIA’S STRUGGLE FOR DEMOCRACY RIKHIL BHAVNANI and SAUMITRA JHA Rikhil Bhavnani is Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA. He may be reached at [email protected]. Saumitra Jha is Associate Professor of Political Economy at the Graduate School of Business, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. He may be reached at [email protected]. Abstract We examine the potential and limitations of nonviolent civil disobedience through the lens of the evolution of an iconic success: India’s struggle for democratic self-rule. We summarize evidence consistent with a theoretical framework that highlights two key challenges faced by nonviolent movements in ethnically diverse countries. The first challenge, that of forging a mass movement, was met through the brokering of a deal that took advantage of an external shock (in this case, the Great Depression) to align the incentives of disparate ethnic and social groups toward mass mobilization in favor of democracy and land reform. The second challenge, that of keeping the mass movement peaceful, was accomplished through organizational innovations introduced by Mohandas Gandhi in his reforms of the constitution of the Congress movement in 1919-23. These innovations took the movement from one dominated by a rich elite to one organized on the principle of self-sacrifice. This permitted the selection of future leaders who could then be trusted to maintain nonviolent discipline in pursuit of the extension of broad rights and public policy objectives.
    [Show full text]
  • Indian History BL.4004 Mahatma Gandhi: Major
    Indian History BL.4004 Mahatma Gandhi: Major Movements that helped in Indian Freedom Struggle: Mahatma Gandhi ‘Father of the Nation’ is also known as Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. He was born on 2 October, 1869 Porbandar, Gujarat, India. Gandhi ji got married to the Kasturba Makhanji at the age of just 13 years. He had played an important role in India's freedom struggle. Let us read his major movements that helped in achieving freedom from British Raj. Non-Cooperation Movement (1920): Non-Cooperation movement was launched in 1920 by Mahatma Gandhi due to the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre. Mahatma Gandhi thought that this will continue and Britishers will enjoy their control over Indians. With the help of Congress, Gandhi ji convinced people for starting non- cooperation movement in a peaceful way which is key factor to attain independence. He framed the concept of Swaraj and it became a crucial element in the Indian freedom struggle. The movement gained momentum and people started boycotting the products and establishments of British government like schools, colleges, government offices. But due to Chauri Chaura incident, Mahatma Gandhi ended the movement because in this incident 23 police officials were killed. Civil-Disobedience Movement (1930): Mahatma Gandhi in March 1930 addressed the nation in a newspaper, Young India and expressed his willingness to suspend the movement if his eleven demands get accepted by the government. But the government at that time was of Lord Irwin and he did not respond back to him. As a result, Mahatma Gandhi initiated the movement with full vigour. 20 Interesting and Unknown Facts about Mahatma Gandhi He started the movement with Dandi March from 12 March to 6 April, 1930.
    [Show full text]