International Journal of Academic Research and Development
International Journal of Academic Research and Development ISSN: 2455-4197, Impact Factor: RJIF 5.22 www.academicsjournal.com Volume 1; Issue 12; December 2016; Page No. 40-45
The 1942 quit India movement martyr of Midnapur Praveen Pathak Ph.d. Development and Peace Studies Mahatma Gandhi Antarrashtriy Hindi Vishwavidyalay Wardha, Maharashtra, India
Abstract The august revolution in midnapur brings out a point immense theoretical importance regarding the nationalist movement as a whole; it is true that Gandhi’s’ do or die’ call galvanized people into action under the most adverse circumstances. but the fact that the movement began and continued with an alarming magnitude, despite the absence of the top leadership, seems to suggest that the process of mobilization at the grassroot level follows a logic may not totally confirm to what happens at the top. This probably shows the specificities of political at various levels. The 1942 upsurge in midnapur was perhaps the only example of active mass involvement, which largely accounts for the continuity of the movement long after the congress, had anticipated.
Keywords: quite India movement, Midnapur, Gandhi
Introduction less attention. The movement entered its second phase The best account of a rebel ‘national government’s found with the Thana attack on 29 September 1942 and with it from Tamluk subdivision of Midnapur District in Bengal the movement went underground. Between 28 September [1]. The Quite India resolution 8 august and the arrest of and 30 October, the movement saw the most concerted the leaders on the next day, which sparked off an open and aggressive congress action. Notwithstanding severe rebellion in different parts of India in the second week of cyclone on the 16 October 1942 which disrupted human august, did not have an immediate impact in midnapur. life completely in tamluk and contain subdivision, the Midnapur was relatively calm throughout the month of movement continued unabated because, as the British august although the earlier agitation against procurement officer admitted, ‘the cyclone by itself made very little drive continued and political activities were intensified difference in the plans and attitudes of the leaders of the by the holding of frequent meetings and demonstration in movement’ 6 from 1 November 1942 to 31 march 1943 public places. In fact, the Quite India movement was was the third phase when the congress through the formally launched only on 29 September, provisional national government continued anti [4] British Not far midnapur, the movement had spread in many campaign; its attainment may not be in the broader parts of Bengal including the neighboring districts of perspective of nationalist politics, but is not negligible Hugli, bankura and purulia, as well as in Calcutta. civil either for the fact that provisional government continued administration completely collapsed in the rampurhat for almost two years is indicative of its strength vis-à-vis sub-division of birbhum district for some time. The the British which itself can be cited as a successful mass district authorities were seriously threatened in the initiative to undertake political mobilization in a different balurghat sub-division in dinajpur district where the situation [5]. santals, rajbansis and paliyas participated in the rebellion [2]. The in habitants of the region started slogans of Martyr of Midnapur resistance to British policy and stopped grain exports Alauddin Sheikh: Born 1912 at village mohammadpur from the region. Well-planned attacks were made on the disst.midnapur, west Bengal; took part in the india police stations of Tamluk, mahishadal, sutahat and movement (1942). led a procession to the nadigram Naudigrah [3]. The movement passed through three phases police station on September 30,1942.Reccived bullet between August 1942 and March 1943.The first phase, wound in firing by the police and died the same Day. lasting for about a month between 8 August and 27 September, was the preparatory stage. The congress Ajim Baksh, Sheikh Abdul: Resident of village burisal, volunteers exhorted the villagers to get ready for the distt. Midnapur, west Bengal; took part in quit India forthcoming struggle. Their programmed included movement (1942). Arrested and sentenced to months distribution of leaflets and holding meetings in the imprisonment. died in the midnapur jail in 1943 [6]. village hunts. As the movement was truly gandhian the British representatives in the district seem to have paid
1 Chand, dr. soma, august kranti and jatiya sarkars in Orissa, Orissa 4 Chakrabarty, Bidyut, Defiance and confrontation: The 1942 quit India review,2004 movement in midnapur, vol.20,No.7/8(jul-aug.1992),published by, social 2 Editor, pandey, gyanendra, The Indian nation in 1942, (1988),published for scientist,p.p79 centre for studies in social sciences, Calcutta by, k.p & company, Calcutta 5 Ibid. p.p 80 3 Chand, dr. soma, august kranti and jatiya sarkars in Orissa, Orissa 6 Chief editor, chopra, dr. p.n, who’s who of Indian martyrs, volume one, review,2004 deep & deep publications new delhi,1969,pp,7 40
International Journal of Academic Research and Development
Prafulla Kumar Bag: born 1925 at village sarberia distt. Prasanna Kumar Bhunia: born 1898 at village. idnapur, west Bengal; son of shri umesh Chandra bag; Rajarampur, distt. Midnapur, west Bengal; son of shri took part in the quit India movement (1942) participate in dwarikanath bhumia; took part in the quit India the attack on the mahishadal police station in august movement (1942). Participated in the attack on the 1942. Received bullet wound in firing by the police and mahishadal police station on September 29, 1942. died [7]. Received bullet wound in firing by the police and died the same day. Banshidhar Bar: born at village kadua distt. Midnapur, west Bengal; took part in quit India movement (1942). Shiba Prasad Bhunia: Resident of village kalapunja, Received bullet wound in firing by the police at belbani distt. Midnapur, west Bengal; son of shri radha Krishna in august 1942 and died [8]. bhunia; took part in the quit India movement (1942). Arrested in September 1942 and imprisoned. Died in Chaitanya Charan Bera: born at village Madhabpur, midnapur central jail on May 28, 1942 [11]. distt. Midnapur, west Bengal; son of shri Kshetra Mohan Bera; Member of a revolutionary group. Took part in quit Bishnupada Chakrabarty: born 1917 at village Nikasi, India movement (1942). Received bullet wound in firing distt, midnapur, west Bengal; political worker; took part by the police at Belbani on august 29, 1942 Died the in the quit India movement (1942) [12]. Participated in the same day. attack on the sankararah bridge police station on September 29, 1942. Received bullet wound in firing by Hari Charan Bera: born at village Benauda, distt. the police and died the same day [13]. Midnapur, west Bengal; took part in the quit India movement (1942). Participated in the attack on the Krishna Mohan Chakrabarty: born at village Bhagbanpur police station in august 1942.Received bullet Basudebpur, distt. Midnapur, west Bengal; son of shri wound in firing by the police and died. radha Mohan chakra arty; political worker; took part in the quit India movement (1942). Participated in the attack Jiban Krishna Bera: born at village mathuri, distt. on the bhagabanpur police station on September 29, midnapur, west Bengal; son shri shib Narayan bera; 1942.received bullet wound in firing by the police and political worker; took part in the quit india movement died the same day [14]. (1942). Received bullet wound in firing by a military patrol on September 29, 1942, and died. Dhirendra Nath Dalapati: born at village kasba, distt. Midnapur, west Bengal; son of shri nilkantha dalapati; Khudi Ram Bera: born 1912 at village chingrimari, dist. took part in the quit India movement (1942). Participated Midnapur, west Bengal; son of Shri Biswanath bera; took in the attack on the bhagbanpur police station on October part in the quit India movement (1942). Participated in 5, 1942. Received bullet wound in firning by the police the attack on the mahishadal police station on September and died [15]. 29, 1942.received bullet wound in firing by the police and died the same day. Bhupati Das: born 1873 at village shyamsundarpur, distt. Midnapur, west Bengal; son of shri kala Chandra das; Morari Mohan Bera: Resident of village Amangiri, took part in the quit India movement (1942). Participated distt. midnapur, Bengal; took part in quit India movement in the attack on the bhagbanpur police station on October (1942). Received bullet wound in firing by the police on 5, 1942. Received bullet wound in firing by the police the October 12, 1942. Died same day. same day and died.
Nirode Bera: born at village mauhati distt. Midnapur, Bibhuti Bhusan Das: born 1923 at village bartan, distt. west Bengal; political worker; took active part quit India midnapur, west Bengal; son of shri baren das; political movement (1942). Arrested for complicity in the worker; took part in the quit india movement (1942). abduction of the police circle officer. Died in the Participated in the attack on Bhagalpur police station on midnapur central jail in 1943 [9]. September 29, 1942. Received bullet wound in firing by the police and died. Rameswar Bera: born 1897 at village kiakhali, distt. Midnapur, west Bengal; son of shri kshetra Mohan bera; Broja Gopal Das: born 1923 at village pana, distt. took part in the quit India movement (1942). Received Midnapur, west Bengal; son of shri Krishna Prasad Das; bullet wound in firing by military patrol on people political worker; took part in the quit India movement attacking the sankararah bridge police station on (1942). Shot and killed by military raid on the September 29, 1942. Died the same day [10]. Basudebpur Ashram.
11 Ibid.p.p 49 7 Ibid.p.p 18 12 Ibid.p.p 60 8 Ibid.p.p 26 13 Ibid.p.p 61 9 Ibid.p.p 34 14 Ibid.p.p 61 10 Ibid.p.p 35 15 Ibid.p.p 75 41
International Journal of Academic Research and Development
Chandra Mohan Das: born 1903 at village Belbani, Rakhal Das: resident of village kalyanpur, distt distt. Midnapur, west Bengal; son of shri Gaya Prasad midnapur, west Bengal; took part in the quit India das; took part in the civil Disobedience movement (1930) movement (1942). Arrested and imprisoned. Died in the and the quit India movement (1942). Seriously wounded midnapur jail in October 1943. in firing by the police at his village on September 21, 1942.died on October 16, 1942, at at contain [16]. Shyama Charan Das: born at village bahadurpur, distt. Mindnapur, west Bengal; political worker; took part in Hari charan Das: born February 3, 1902 at village the quit India movement (1942). Participated in the attack kalikakundu, distt. midnapur, west Bengal; son of shri on the bhagabanpur police station on October 5, 1942. Dina nath das; took part in the quit India movement Received bullet wound in firing by the police and died. (1942). Participated in the attack on the mahishadal police station on September 29, 1942. Received bullet Srihari Charan Das: born 1910; Resident of village wound in firing by the police and died. bakshi chak, distt. Midnapur, west Bengal; took part in the quit India movement (1942). Participated in the Hemanta Kumar Das: born 1925 at village kadua, distt. mahishadal police station on September 29, 1942. Midnapur, west Bengal; son of shri bhajahari das; Received bullet wound in firing by the police and died. political worker; took part in the quit India movement (1942). Received bullet wound firing by the police at the Srikant Kumar Das: Resident of beltalia, distt. belbani camp on September 27, 1942. died the same day. midnapur, west [19] Bengal; son of shri harnarayan das; took part in the quit India movement (1942). Received Jgendra Nath Das: born 1907 at village sundra, dist. bullet wound in firing by the police on September 22, midnapur, west Bengal; son of shri kailash Chandra [17] 1942. Died the same day [20]. das; took part in the quit India movement (1942). Participated in the attack on the the mahishadal police Smt. Sasibala Dasi: born at village toria, distt. midnapur, station on the September 29, 1942. Received bullet west Bengal; took part in the quit india movement (1942). wound in firing by police and died. Participated in the attack on the keshpur police station in august 1942.Received bullet wound in firing by the Lakshmi Narayan Das: born 1930; resident of village police and died [21]. mathuri, distt, midnapur, west Bengal; political worker; took part in the quit India movement (1942). And Surendra Dhara: born at village kalyanpur, distt. participated in the attack on the tamluk police station on midnapur, west Bengal; took part in the quit India September 29, 1942.received bullet wound in firing by movement (1942). Arrested and imprisoned. died in the the police and died. contain sub-jail in December 1943 [22].
Bhim Charan Mahapatra Das: born at village lalpur, Dhirendra Nath Digar: born 1910 at village tikarampur, distt. Midnapur, west Bengal; son of shri kalipada das distt. midnapur, west Bengal; son of shri panhuman digar; mahapatra; took part in the quit India movement (1942). took part in the quit India movement (1942). Received Seriously wounded in firing by the police at belbani in bullet wound in firing by the police on a mob at danipur September 1942.died on September 27, 1942. during the raid on the mahishadal police station died on September 8, 1942 [23]. Muchi Ram Das: born 1902; resident of village birulia, distt. Midnapur, west Bengal; political worker; took part Chandra Mohan Dinda: born 1923 at village kismet- in the quit India movement (1942). Seriously wounded in putputia, distt. Midnapur, west Bengal; took part in the firing by the police on October 8, 1942. died a few days quit India movement (1942). Received bullet wound in later. firing by the police on a procession at his village on October 6, 1942. died the same day [24]. Nakari Charan Das: resident of village satsanda distt. Midnapur, west Bengal; took part in the quit India Gobinda Gharai: Resident of village kanchlagarai, distt. movement (1942). Arrested and imprisoned. died in the midnapur, west Bengal; took part in the quit India midnapur jail in June 1943 [18]. movement (1942). Died in 1942 after brutal assault by the police [25]. Panchanan Das: born 1903; resident of harikhali, distt. Midnapur, west Bengal; son of shri subal Chandra das; Panchanan Ghosh: Resident of village toria distt. took part in the quit India movement (1942). Participated Midnapur, west Bengal; son of shri jadunath ghosh; took in the attack on the dhamdaha police station on august 25, part in the quit India movement (1942). Led a procession 1942. Seriously wounded in firing by the police. succumbed of the injuries later. 19 Ibid.p.p 81 20 Ibid.p.p 82 21Ibid.p.p 83 22 Ibid.p.p 92 16 Ibid.p.p 78 23 Ibid.p.p 96 17 Ibid.p.p 79 24 Ibid.p.p 97 18 Ibid.p.p 80 25 Ibid.p.p 109 42
International Journal of Academic Research and Development on November 10, 1942. Received bullet wound in firing in the attack on the bhagabanpur police station on by the the police on the procession and the same day. October 2, 1942. Seriously wounded in firing by the police died a few day later. Rajani Kanta Ghosh: born at village sonakania, distt. Midnapur, west Bengal; political worker; took part in the Ram Prasad Jana: born at village ghol, distt. Midnapur, quit India movement (1942). Received bullet wound in west Bengal; took part in the quit India movement firing by the police on a procession at belbani on (1942). Received bullet wound in firing by the the police September 27, 1942. Died the same day. at sarisabaria on September 22, 1942. Died the same day.
Ramapada Ghosh: Resident of village toria, distt. Sarbeswar Jana: Resident of village mahishagote, distt. midnapur, west Bengal; son of shri sital Chandra ghosh; Midnapur, west Bengal; son of shri Mahindra nath Jana; took part in the quit India movement (1942). Received took part in the quit India movement (1942). Seriously bullet wound firing by a military patrol on November 10, wounded in firing by the police. Died a few days later, on 1942. Died the same day [26]. October 5, 1942, at contain.
Gunadhar Handel: born 1912; Resident of village Upendra Nath Jana; born 1914 at village khanchi, distt, khakda, distt. midnapur [27] west Bengal; political worker; midnapur, west Bengal; son of shri netai chand Jana; took part in the quit India movement (1942). Participated member of the revolutionary ‘army’ know as ‘bidyut in the attack on the mahishadal police station on bahini’. Took part in the quit India movement (1942). September 29, 1942. Received bullet wound in firing by Participated in the attack on the tamluk police station on the police and died the same day [28]. September 29, 1942. Received bullet wound in firing by police and died the same day. Bhussan Chandra Jana: born 1910; resident of village. paikpara, distt. Midnapur, west Bengal; son of shri Upendra Nath Jana: Resident of village barurbhari, nilmani Jana; took part in the quit India movement distt. Midnapur, west Bengal; took part in the quit India (1942). Participated in the march towards the sankararah movement (1942). Arrested and imprisoned. Died in the bridge police station at tamluk in October 1942. Received midnapur central jail in 1943 [30]. bullet wound in firing by the police the same day and died. Parshuram Kamila: Resident of village alamgiri, distt. Midnapur, west Bengal; son of Shri Chandra Mohan Chandra Mohan Jana: born at village ghol, distt. kamila; took part in the quit India movement (1942). Midnapur, west Bengal; took part in the quit India Seriously wounded in firing by the police in October movement (1942). Received bullet wound in firing by the 1942. Died at mariposa on November 17, 1942 [31]. police at mahishagote in 1942 and died. Surendra Nath Kar: born 1914 at village bar amritberia Harekrishna Jana: Resident of village adambar, distt. distt. midnapur, west Bengal; son of Shri Dina nath kar; Midnapur, west Bengal; took part in the quit India political worker; took part in the quit India movement movement (1942). Arrested and detained in the contain (1942). Participated in the attack on the mahishadal sub-jail. Died in jail in 1943 due to brutal beating by the police station on September 8, 1942. Received bullet police. wound in firing by the police at danipur hat, died the same day [32]. Jogendra Jana: born 1910 at village subadi, distt. Midnapur, west Bengal; son of shri chandi Jana; took part Behari Lal Karan: born 1920; resident of village in the quit India movement (1942). Seriously wounded in amratala, distt. Midnapur, west Bengal; political worker; assault by the police during afraid on his village in 1942. took part in the quit India movement (1942). Wounded on Died a few days later. august 24, 1942, in the lathi-charge b the police at papadahandi. Arrested and detained in jail. Died in jail Judhistir Jana: born at village sinulia, distt. Midnapur, [33]. west Bengal; son of shri Indra Jana; member of the revolutionary party. Took part in the quit India movement Ashutosh Kuila: born 1924 at village madhabpur, distt. (1942). Participated in the attack on the bhagabanpur Midnapur, west Bengal; son of Shri jiban Chandra kuila; police station on September 29, 1942. Received bullet member of the revolulutionary group called bidyut wound in firing by the police and died the same day [29]. bahini. Took part in the quit India movement (1942). Participated in the attack on the mahishadal police station Paresh Chandra Jana: born at village lalpur, distt, on September 29, 1942. Received bullet wound in firing midnapur, west Bengal; son of shri shyama charan Jana; by the police and died the same day [34]. took part in the quit India movement (1942). Participated
30 Ibid.p.p 149 26 Ibid.p.p 111 31 Ibid.p.p 164 27 Ibid.p.p 127 32 Ibid.p.p 167 28 Ibid.p.p 128 33 Ibid.p.p 169 29 Ibid.p.p 148 34 Ibid.p.p 186 43
International Journal of Academic Research and Development
Purna Chandra Maiti: born 1918 at village ghatual, attacking the tamluk police station on September 29, distt. Midnapur, west Bengal; son of Shri behari lal maiti; 1942 died the same day. political worker; took part in the quit India movement (1942). Participated in the attack on the tamluk police Sarbeswar Pramanik: born at village dakshin sitala, station on September 29, 1942. Received bullet wound in distt. Midnapur, west Bengal; political worker; took part firing by the police that day and died. in the quit India movement (1942). Received bullet wound in firing by the police at sarisaberia on September Rajani Kanta Maiti: born at village khajurari, distt. 22, 1942. Died the same day [37]. midnapur, west Bengal; son of Shri ram maiti; political worker; took part in the quit India movement (1942). Banu Rana: born 1888; resident of village bamunara, Participated in the attack on the bhagabanpur police distt. Midnapur, west Bengal; took part in the quit India station on September 29, 1942. Received bullet wound in movement (1942). Received bullet wound in firing by the firing by the police and died the same day. police on a procession at iswarpur during the attack on the nandigram police station on September 27, 1942. Shyama Charan Maiti: resident of village bhadurpur, Died the same day [38]. distt, midnapur, west Bengal; son of shri dwarika nath; took part in the quit India movement (1942). Participated Bhagirathi Raul: Resident of village alamgiri, distt. in the attack on the bhagabanpur police station on Midnapur, west Bengal; took part in the quit India September 29, 1942. Seriously wounded in firing by the movement (1942). Received bullet wound in firing by the police the same day. Died a few months later. police at his village on October 12, 1942. Died the same day. Smt. Sindhubala Mati: born 1920 at village chandipur, distt. Midnapur, west Bengal; wife of shri adhar Chandra Bhajahari Raut: born 1905 a village danda belbani, maiti; took part in the quit India movement (1942). Died distt. Midnapur, west Bengal, son of Shri panhuman raut; in 1942 as a result of brutal physical torture by the police. took part in the quit India movement. Received [39] bullet wound in firing by the police at belbani camp on Surendra Nath Maiti: born 1926 at village sundra, distt. September 27, 1942. died the same day [40]. Midnapur, west Bengal; son of Shri bepin behari maiti; political worker took part in the quit India movement Bhoot Nath Sahu: born 1907 Resident of village (1942). Participated in the attack on the mahishadal bamunara, distt. Midnapur, west Bengal; political worker; police station on September 29, 1942. Received bullet took part in the quit India movement (1942). Received wound in firing by the police and died the same day. bullet wound in firing by the police on a mob at iswarpur after the raid on the nandigram police station on Surendra Nath Maiti: born 1915 at village naigopalpur, September 27, 1942. Died the same day. distt. Midnapur, west Bengal; son of Shri jagannath maitu; political worker; took part in the quit India Dwarika Nath Sahu: born 1885 resident of village movement (1942). Participated in the attack on the tazpur, distt. Midnapur, west Bengal; took part in the quit mahishadal police station on September 29, 1942. India movement (1942). Participated in the attack on the Received bullet wound in firing by the police and died mahishadal police station on September 29,1942 received the same day [35]. bullet wound in firing by the police. died the same day.
Tarendranath Mandal: born 1910; resident of village Gunadhar Sahu: born 1907 resident of village gourchak, distt. Midnapur, west Bengal; political worker; dhanyashree, distt. Midnapur, west Bengal; political took part in the quit India movement (1942). Participated worker; took part in the quit India movement in the attack on the nandigram police station on (1942).participated in the attack on the brindabanpur September 27, 1942. Received bullet wound in firing by police station on September 27, 1942, received bullet the police and died the same day at iswarpur [36]. wound in firing by the police. Died the same day [41].
Srinath Chandra Pradhan: Resident of village kulberia, Annada Charan Samanta: resident of village distt. Midnapur, west Bengal; son of Shri romanath dwariberia, dist.midnapur, west Bengal; son of Shri kali pradhan; took part in the quit India movement (1942). Prasad samanta; political worker; took part in the quit Participated in the attack on the bhagabanpur police India movement (1942).brutally beaten by the police and station on September 29, 1942. Received bullet wound in died at kola hat in 1942. firing by police and died the same day. Bhusan Samanta: resident of village benaudyar, Purimadhab Pramanik: born 1929 at village dwariberia, distt.midnapur, west Bengal; son of Shri bhikhan distt. Midnapur, west Bengal; son of Shri tarendra nath samanta; took part in the quit India movement (1942). pramanik; took part in the quit India movement (1942). Received bullet wound in firing by the police on a mob 37 Ibid.p.p 278 38 Ibid.p.p 299 39 Ibid.p.p 303 35 Ibid.p.p 204 40 Ibid.p.p 304 36 Ibid.p.p 213 41 Ibid.p.p 315 44
International Journal of Academic Research and Development
Participated in the attack on the bhagabanpur police station on September 29, 1942. Received bullet wound in firing by the police. died the same day.
Ngendra Nath Samanta: born 1907 at village alinan, distt. midnapur, west Bengal; son of Shri haripada samanta; took part in quit India movement (1942). Participated in the attack on the tamluk police station on September 29, 1942. Received bullet wound in firing by the police. Died the same day [42].
Sambhu Lal santal: resident of village damodarpur, distt. midnapur west Bengal; took part in the quit India movement (1942). Arrested and detained. died in the midnapur central jail in 1943.
Gunadhar Santra: born 1924 at village amarpur, distt. Midnapur, west Bengal, son of Shri kenaram santra; political worker; took part in the quit India movement (1942). Received bullet wound in firing by the police at tiparpara on October 13, 1942. Died the same day. 43
Amulya Kumar Sasmal: resident of village ukil chak, distt.midnapur, west Bengal; son of Shri kshirode Chandra sasmal; took part in quit India movement (1942). Received bullet wound in firing by the police at kanaidighi on October 1, 1942. Died the same day. 44
Dwarikanath Sau: born 1883 at village tazpur, distt midnapur, west Bengal; son Shri basti charan sau; took part in the quit India movement (1942) participated in the raidon the mahishadal police station on September 29, 1942. Received bullet wound in firing by the police died the same day. 45
Bharat Chandra Sinha: born at village nulua gopal chak, distt. midnapur, west Bengal; took part in the quit India movement (1942). Participated in the attack on the bhagabanpur police station on September 9, 1942. Received bullet wound in firing by the police and died the same day. 46
References 1. Chand, dr. soma. August kranti and jatiya sarkars in Orissa, Orissa review, 2004. 2. Editor, pandey, gyanendra. The Indian nation in 1942, published for centre for studies in social sciences, Calcutta by, k.p & company, Calcutta. 1988. 3. Chakrabarty, Bidyut. Defiance and confrontation: The 1942 quit India movement in midnapur, published by, social scientist. 1992; 20(7/8):79. 4. Chief Editor, chopra, dr. pn, who’s who of Indian martyrs, volume one, deep & deep publications New Delhi, 1969, 7.
42 Ibid.p.p 317 43 Ibid.p.p 320 44 Ibid.p.p 324 45 Ibid.p.p 325 46 Ibid.p.p 341 45