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A Checklist of the Ahermatypic Scleractinia of the Gulf of Mexico, with the Description of a New Species

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A Checklist of the Ahermatypic Scleractinia of the Gulf of Mexico, with the Description of a New Species Gulf and Caribbean Research Volume 6 Issue 1 January 1977 A Checklist of the Ahermatypic Scleractinia of the Gulf of Mexico, with the Description of a New Species Stephen D. Cairns University of Miami Follow this and additional works at: https://aquila.usm.edu/gcr Part of the Marine Biology Commons Recommended Citation Cairns, S. D. 1977. A Checklist of the Ahermatypic Scleractinia of the Gulf of Mexico, with the Description of a New Species. Gulf Research Reports 6 (1): 9-15. Retrieved from https://aquila.usm.edu/gcr/vol6/iss1/2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18785/grr.0601.02 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by The Aquila Digital Community. It has been accepted for inclusion in Gulf and Caribbean Research by an authorized editor of The Aquila Digital Community. For more information, please contact [email protected]. GulfResearch Reports, Vol. 6, No. 1, 9-15 A CHECKLIST OF THE AHERMATYPIC SCLERACTINIA OF THE GULF OF MEXICO, WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES STEPHEN D. CAIRNS* Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 331 49 ABSTRACT A brief chronology of discovery of the 54 ahermatypic Scleractinia known from the Gulf of Mexico is presented. Of this total, 6 are new records for the Gulf. A checklist is provided for all species indicating thcir Gulf distri- bution and their overall bathymetric range. One new spccics of Pourtalosmiliu is described, which represents a new record for this genus in the western Atlantic. INTRODUCTION Gulf of Mexico, four of which were new records for the Ahermatypic Scleractinia from the Gulf and Caribbean Gulf. Based on additional material collected by the Florida were systematically collected aboard the U. S. Coast Survey Department of Natural Resources in Project “Hourglass,” Steamers “Corwin,” “Bibb,” and “Blake,” and studied by Cairns (1977) listed 36 ahermatypic species from the Gulf, Pourtal‘es between 1867-1 880. Pourtalks (1 867) reported six of which were new records for the Gulf. This paper lists the first ahermatypic corals from stations occupied by the six additional ahermatypic species, increasing the total num- “Corwin” in the Gulf off Havana, Cuba: Caryophyllia ber of ahermatypes known from the Gulf to 54. herteriana and Enallopsammia profunda. After more exten- sive dredging by the “Bibb,” mainly off the Tortugas and MATERIAL AND METHODS Key West, Florida, Pourtaks (1871) reported an additional The data that form the basis of the checklist were 13 species from these areas. Finally, as the result of 86 obtained from the literature cited in the introduction. stations occupied by the “Blake,” from localities north of Unfortunately, Pourtalzs rarely indicated the station num- the Yucatan Peninsula, off northwestern Cuba, and the west ber at which a specimen was collected. It is therefore neces- coast of Florida, he (Pourtal\es 1878) added another 19 sary to consult a detailed station list (Smith 1889) and see species to the Gulf fauna. “Blake” station 50 is discounted the original material to compensate for junior synonyms, because of ambiguous locality data. misidentifications and split lots. The distribution and iden- No additional species of ahermatypes were reported until tification ofevery species were verified by the author, either Whitten, Rosen and Hedgpeth (1950) listed Asrrungia from the original material or from subsequently collected astreiformis from the Texas coast in a preliminary survey of specimens. The specimens on which the new records are that area. based were among approximately 500 specimens on loan Moore and Bullis (1 960) were the first to report Lophelia from Dr. Linda H. Pequegnat and Mr. Jack H. Thompson prolifera from the Gulf about 65 km east of the mouth of (Texas A&M University), and numerous specimens collected the Mississippi River. They estimated that this species primarily by the “Oregon” and “Silver Bay” in the NMNH formed banks over a kilometer long and 55 m thick at collections. depths of 371-512 m. The southeastern limits of the Gulf of Mexico aredefined In their listing of benthic invertebrates of the eastern as the line connecting Key West, Florida to the closest Gulf of Mexico, Collard and D’Asaro (1973) listed five more point of the Cuban coast (approximately 81’48’W) and the species for the Gulf fauna based on implied records found shortest line between western Cuba and northeastern in Vaughan and Wells (1943). D’Asaro (pers. comm.), Yucatan, Mexico. Species occurring primarily outside of the however, collected only two of these species from the Gulf: Gulf of Mexico but which have been collected from the Astrangia solitaria and Phyllang‘a americana. Both Tresslar western Straits of Florida at the edge of their ranges are not (1974) and Keller (1975) recorded ahermatypes from the included in the checklist. These species are Fungiacyathus Gulf but did not establish new records. symmetricus, Anthemiphyllia patera, Caryophyllia antillar- In his unpublished dissertation, Cairns (1 976, appendix um, Deltocyathus agassizi, Trochocyathus recurvatus, Tro- 11) listed 21 species of deep-water ahermatypes from the chocyathus cylindraceus, Desmophyllum cristagalli, na- lamophyllia riisei, Peponocyathus folliculus, “Rhizotro- chus” tulipa, Gardineria minor, “Ceratotrochus’’ hispidus, *Present address: Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Nation- Balanophyllia cyathoides, and Enallopsammia rostrata. al Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. 20560 The Gulf is further subdivided into six areas (Figure 1) 9 10 CAIRNS to facilitate geographic categorization: (1) from the Florida TABLE 1 - Continued Keys to Apalachee Bay, Florida; (2) from Apalachee Bay to the Mississippi River Delta; (3) from the Delta to the Texas- Geographic Area Depth Range Mexico border; (4) from that border to the Tabasco- 1 2 3 4 5 G (meters) Campeche, Mexico border; (5) the Campeche Bank; and (6) the Yucatan Channel and off northwestern Cuba to Madracis asperula Milne X X X 24 - 200 8 1 4S'W. Edwards & Haime, 1849 Suborder: Fungiina Family: Fungiidae Fungiacyathus crispus xx 183 - 1010 (Pourtal'es, 1871) GULF OF MEXICO Suborder: Faviina Family: Faviidae Cladocora dehilis Milne X X 11 - 150 Edwards & Haime, 1849 Family: Rhizangiidae Astrangia astreiformis xxx 10 - 29 Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849 Figure 1. Map of the Gulf of Mexico showing the six geographic subdivisions used in this paper. The 100 fm contour is included. Astrangia solitaria xx 0.3 - 43 (Lesueur, 1817) CHECKLIST Phyllangia americana xx 0.3 ~ 40 Distributional records (Table 1) are those for the Gulf of Milne Edwards & Mexico only; however, depth ranges provided are for the Haime, 1849 species throughout its range. Descriptions, photographs, and Family: Oculinidae complete geographic ranges for most of these species are in Cairns (1976). An asterisk (*) denotes a new record for the Oculina tenella X 67 Gulf of Mexico. The number one in parentheses (1) indicates Pourtal&, 1871 that this species is known from only one Gulf record. This Madrepora oculata xx 80 - 1500 list is far from comprehensive, since little collecting has Linnaeus, 1758 been done in areas 4 and 6. Inevitably more ahermatypic Madrepora Carolina xxx 53 - 1003 species will be discovered in the Gulf and distributional (Pourtal&, 1871) gaps will be filled in. Suborder: Caryophylliina Family: Caryophylliidae TABLE 1. Checklist and distributions of ahermatypic Scleractinia Caryophyllia sp. cf. C. known from the Gulf of Mexico ambrosia Alcock, 1898 X X X X xx 183 - 2360 Caryophyllia cornuformis X X 137 - 931 Geographic Area Depth Range Pourtalss, 1868 1 z 3 4 5 6 (meters) Caryophyllia berteriana X X xx 100 - 850 Order: Scleractinia Duchassaing, 1850 Suborder: Astrocoeniina 715 1817 Family: Pocilloporidae Caryophyllia polygona xx - Pourtalzs, 1878 Madracis myriaster (Milne X X X X 37 - 875 Edwards & Haime, Caryophyllia horologium X X 55 - 100 1849) Cairns, 1977 CHECKLIST OF GULF OF MEXICO AHERMATYPES 11 TABLE 1 - Continued TABLE 1 - Continued Geographic Area Depth Range Geographic Area Depth Range 1 23456 (meters) 123456 (meters) Ozryophyllia maculata X 3 - 161 *Pourtalosmilia (Pourtalss, 1874) conferta n. sp. X(1) 55 - 191 *Oxysmilia rotundifolia X X 46 - 640 (Milne Edwards & Family: Flabellidae Haime, 1849) Flabellum moseleyi xx X 216 ~ 1097 “ Dochocyathus ” flos X X 22 - 560 (Pourtal‘es, 1878) Pourtal\es, 1880 Flabellum fragile X X 80 - 366 Dochocyathus rawsonii X xx 131 - 622 Pourtalb, 1874 Cairns, 1977 Javania cailleti xx X X 86- 2165 Paracyathus pulchellus X xx xx 25 - 838 (Philippi, 1842) (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) “Thecocyathus” laevigatus X X 183 ~ 576 Pourtalgs, 1871 “Rhizotrochus” fragilis X X X 90 - 796 Pourtal‘es, 1868 Deltocyathus italicus X X X X 403 - 2634 (Michelotti, 1838) Gardineria simplex X(l) 12- 183 (Pourtal‘es, 1878) Deltocyathus calcar X X xx 101 - 675 Pourtal&, 1874 Family: Guyniidae Deltocyathus hexagonus xx xx 183 - 910 (Gravier, 1915) Guynia annulata Duncan, X X X xx 3 - 653 *Stephanocyathus (S.) 1872 795 2133 diadem (Moseley, xx xx - Schizocyathus fissilis X X X 88 -640 1876) Pourtalk 1874 *Stephanocyathus (S.) Stenocyathus vermiformis X X 128-1229 paliferus Cairns, 1977 X 229 - 1158 xx (Pourtalb, 1868) *Stephanocyathus (0.) 543 1280 coronalus X xx - Suborder: Dendrophylliina (Pourtal&, 1867) Family: Dendrophylliidae Turbinolia corbicula X 400 ~ 576 Pourtal&, 1878 Balanophyllia floridana X X X 37-183 Pourtaks, 1868 Peponocyathus stimpsonii X xx 110 - 293 (Pourtalss, 1871) Balanophyllia palifera X 53-708 Pourtal&, 1878 Sphenotrochus sp. 15 Dendrophyllia
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