THE PERIODICAL L ,/--\ r- r H J p c OF RECENT PUBLICATION ·( _____ )\_) (_ . 1 _) MARITri.m HISTORY ---~ ------. ------·------·----:------VOLUHlJl FOUR, NUHB:Bm __SEVEN _____ '?_L_ - --··------~ ------ti!JJ;fE 19~5~9 __ SAILIHG BECOlmS TO SAN FRANCISCO than for April. Closely related to the histor,r .of the Projected against this background the early intercoastal trade is the topic of individual record runs to San Franci~co -· ~,iling vessel time between East end \vest teke- on new significance. The :following . j oast s. Traditionally the westbound voy- table gives :first the average time (as · com­ sge, since it was the greater revenue pro-PUted· a:fter Cutler), then the name 'of-the ·d.ucer and since it involved the beat to ship making the :fastest kn'own arrival for nindward around Cape Horn, has received the month, the year, the number df days in more emphasis, and the time from Boston or the record, and :finally the difference in Hew York to San Francisco was the yard- days between the record: for the month and stick by which American sailing vessel the average: performances wer-e compared. Jan 131 FLY!NG FISH (1853) 92 39 We have shown elsewhere (American Nep- Feb 123 · (1852) 91 - 32 tune, 1943, p.56) that average times for Mar 122 .WDREW JACKSON(l860) 90 32 this voyage were 136 days in 1880 and 147 Apr 120 (1854) 89 31. in 1900. 1fe showed also (ibid., 1948, n. May 126 SWEEPSTAKES (1856) ' 95 31 151) that both the size and the I!lodel of a June 127 FLYING CLOUD and vessel had a good deal to do with her RED ROVER (1855) 106 21 speed on this voyage, the larger vessels July 127 (1850) 97 30 having a definite adv~ntage. The figures Aug 129 FLYING CLOUD (1851) 90 39 for arrivals at San Francisco :from the Sap 131 H'URJ.1!CANE (1854) 99 32 East during the '50's support this concl~ Oct 131 CELESTIAL (1852) 105 26 sion quite well, as the following table Nov 134 SOVEREIGN OF shows: .~v- erage Av. Average Av. TT-'E SW1...AS · (1852) 103 31 Year Tonnage DS\V'B Year Tonnage DS\V'S Dec 135 FLYING FISH (1855) 105 30 1852 760 151 . 1856 1214 130 Some interesting things emerge from a. 1853 750 155 1857 1210 137 study of these figures. Record-setting b~ -· 1854 940 143 1858 1089 136 gan in 1850, and· all but one of the month: ~ 1855 1133 129 1859 1114 140 records had been set by 1856. In ali but Clark and Lubbock have listed the best four ctts·es, the be·st figure for a !'lonth is passages to California during this decade 30, 31, or 32 days better than the average. and later, and additional data can be Thus the November and Decei!lber Al-rivafs of found in Cutler and Howe & Matthews. It the FLYING FISH and SOVEREIGN OF THE SEAS is a striking fact, and _proof of the sup- in 105 and 103 days are just as good per­ erior qu.Al.i ties of the . and the formances as the 89 and 90..day reco-rds ·o:r men who ran them, that 18 out of the 21 the FLnNG CLOUD and AIIDREW JACKSON in March passages made in lese than 100 days ~ere and April. completed in the 1850's • . (This circum- · In two cases :(June and October) there- stance has also been conveniently over- cords are appreciably closer to the averages looked by those who today dismiss as im- but in the other two cases they are 39 days possible the 400-mile dey's runs .recorded better than the averages. Therefore the by the clippers of the 1850's on the 92-day run by ·~YING FISH in JanUary s.nd grounds th~t later sailing vessels never -the 90-day re·c·ord by FtnNG CLOUD in Au.gust reached such speeds.) are each a solid l'ITeek better than any of ~qually striking, and hitherto over- the o~her ~- s· (In-terestingly, _FLTINI} looked, is tho fact thttt 13 of the-se 21 CLOUD s ar~~val date_'!'as 31 August, an'l 1::' :r.u.ns ...,-ere oade by ships arriving in the --·· ------· - ·------·1_u.arter including the month o:f Harch ; CON~EUTS : _ . :_whic.h Rlone accounted for 9 of the two- J THE }~fl'ERCOASTAL T~ IN, THE 1:860' s. _. 74 ,xtgure passages-). A' tabulation·· by months; LAS ~ iTOYAGERS IN· ~AIL _, by JIM MrtLS_.••• 77 of the 1850-:-1860 voyages listed by Cutle~ THE NEi7 NA'TY FL.A.G·_.+" •.. ·: ';'. .- .... :. ·.".: .. ·• ~ 78 ·in the appendix to "Greyhounds o:f the Seat SAILI NG SHIP 1'"EWS •. ~ - · - ~. ·.' ~ :.' ...· : . ·..• ." ..' ."78 shows that the average time for December : BOOK REVIEWS •••... :~ .. ;'...... '.... ·...•• 79 arrivals was more thAn two weeks' longer :· SAILING SHIPS LAUNCHED ' ~ N .'l\H3ll U."K. 1 75.81 . , LOG CHIPS ~ -s pu~ lished by _ :rir.J~~ Lym~-- ~t ·7oo'i . Gatew~ Blvd.~ '28, D. C. • . • ~ • i .

• . fi , ; . . .\ LOG CHIPS 74 HAY 1959 she had taken a. dRy longer and arrived on THE INTERCOASTAL TRADE 1860-1869 1 September in 91 dl'1ys her time would have been A. full 40 · d.ays better than the Sep- The decade of the sixties, as fRr as tember average. the intercoastal trade was concerned, "as This maiden voyage of FLYING CLOUD an ~aminated b~ two gree.t events: the Civil untried ship on an unfamiliar route, . has dar from 1861 to 1865 and the building of b een ovArshadow13 d by her later April arri-the transc?ntinental railroad, which was VA.l and by a great cloud of small-town completed ln 1869 •. Con:inuing the table chauvinism and quibbfing over "evidence" on p.50, the follow1ng f1gures show the i<.nsigned to magn.ify the Harch arrival of effect of these influences on vessel arri­ AHDRi!N JACKSON (on her fifth voyage) ~ut vals a; San Francisco from the :!i:ast: 0f all proportion to its significance. Year l'.o. Total Total Average Av. ;r owever, when the influence of season on tonna.ge freight $ tons fr t. the intercoastal passage ie properly eval- i860 115 131,143 2,512,243 1140 $19 uA,ted, two great sailing ship performan- 1861 104 119,573 2,513,763 1150 21 . cas stand out. One is that- of Captain 1862 100 116,808 2,332,385 1170 20 Cressy in FLYING CLOUD, who in five trips 1863 103 H4,337 2,851,896 1110 25 to San Francisco, arriving in five diffe~ 1 864 114 118,685 3,759,890 1040 32 ent months, established the all-time re- 1B65 83 8~,795 3,324,381 1080 37 cord for three of the months, the b~st 1866 83 89,795 2,555,973 1080 28. . 50 time for any month, and one of the two re-- 1867 -126 142,749 2,791,526 1130 19.50 cords for shorter-than-average runs. The 1868 125 135,856 ~,309,617 1085 24.40 other is that of Captain Nickels in the 1869 146 160,918 3,942,722 1100 24.50 FLYING FISH, holding the other record These figures tell a number of interest- shorter-tl-19.11-average run, two monthly re- ing stories. One is that the average size cords, and an average in seven consecutive of the ships used in the trade had remained arrivals of 25 days below average time forvirtually constant since 1855. It is pes­ the month. All seven arrivals were in sible to follow this observation much far­ December, . JanuA-ry, or February: had they ther and sho•v that ~Y of the ships used been better distributed, FLYING FISH con- in the trade up to 1869 had been built be- ceivably could have captured as many fore 1857. For, contrary to the po:oular l'lonthly records as FLYING CLOUD. ., · opinion that the cli:opers soon wore out, Captain 1/illiams in the .AATDRE;v JACKSON the facts show that a great ma.ny of them, on the other hand, set only one monthly 'having ea.rned a good name among· ship:oers, record a.nd on his first five voyages ave- remained active in the intercoastal trade raged only 18 days better than monthly until after the opening of the 'transconti- averages, compared to Cressy's 26 in nental railroad. Host famous of these were FLYI~G . .CLOUD. . . DAVID CROCJ:ETT and YOIDJG AHERICA, but many \/e mentioned on p. 49 a few of the earlyothers could be cited. fast runs to California. If the figures The influence on American ·shipning of on p.l82 of Adele Ogden's II California Sea the ALAEAHA and other Conf.ederate raiders Otter Trade 11 are reliable, the . 369-:to_n i~ cleEl,rly shown by the figural! for num- Boston hid.e-trao.er CALIFORNIA set the ber of sailil_lgs compared to freight rates. first record for this run. She is listedA sharp increase in freight rates for 1864 as leaving Boston under Captain James P. was followed by e.nother increase in 1865 Arther on 4 Dec.l844 and arriving at Hon- despite a decreased number of sailings. terey 1.6 March 1845, which would give a By this year, hundreds of American souare- time of 102 days. This fast time seems riggers had been transferred to foreign almost incredible, but as Har.ch is the flags, either by outright' sale or as "flags arrival month in which most fast passages of convenience~ 11 in either case they were to California were mad.e, an element tlf no longer eligible to engage in the inter- pr,obabili ty remains, and it appears worth-coastal trade. The latter then as now we.s vrh.ile for someone to make the effort to considered a coasting trade and strictly check these dates. reserved for American ships. N:ot until 18f:O was_ this time lo~T ered The increase in the volume of cB,rgoes f~~ the run. The best 1849 runs were by after 1866 without corresponding increase ~~E~ EAGLE, 117 or 113 (net) days, and in freight rates reflects partly an in- GR~YHOUND, 119 or 116. The brig ~AGLE crease in Shipbuilding (production of ships .o rri ved in Harch 1850 in 106 d~s. SEA and barks_, which declined to 60 in FY 1862, :JITCH' s 97... day run, ending in July 1850, rose to an average of just over 100 per 'iT as the first to beat 100 days. year for the next 5 years) but is probably LOG CHIPS 75 Jt1NE 1959 nostly due to the impact of the railroaq than 60,000 tons in its best year (36 arr}-. construction. The increased tonnage wa~ vals in a yenr eYeraging 1,500 tons of largely in · lo~"T-freight i terns such as rails, cargo each would be on,ly 54.000 tons). spikes, car-wheels, and fish-plates, and ~ai-lings were increased from 2 to 3 per since it was all being dispatched by a ' month in 1860, and beginning in 1~65 .the s:l.ngle shipper· with t.remendous resources Pacific Hail operated steamers on _the At­ there was none of the scramble for shippinglMtic in the Uew York-Aspimvall servic.e, <>pace that would have · accompanied· the for- as ~ell as on the Panama-San Frapci s.co· Yr n.rding of such a volume of material by a run. The~e tvl,".S competition ag.1.in on "the number of competing, independent firms. On Nicaragua r.oute beginning in 1862, but it the contrary, from the very. first the. rail-was only ·for passengers until November 186? road managed to obtain the upper hand' in when the competing North .n SS Co. dealing with the shipowners. Cleland's began to run via Panama also • .In Febrtiary ~'History of California11 tells how C.P.Hun- 1868 the North American gave up the Nicara- . tingtop. (vice president of the Central Pa- gua. run to co7;1centrate oz:1 l?anama, and_in cific fill.) bought 66,000 tons of rails in April the Pacific Hail stepped up its sche<'! the East in 1866 and then euchered E.B. ule to weekly. By November, the North Arne­ Sutton out of charters for 23 ships, which rican g~ve up, and in January 1869 the Pa­ carried 45,000 tons of rails at a saving cific Mail went back to its 10-day schedule to the railroad of at least $10 a ton in · During 1868, freight earned at San Fran- freight. cisco by tne North American was $403,10~, The Central Pacific during this decade compared to $2,365,677 by the Pa.cific Ma11. had not yet turned its attention to the The Isthmus steamers were responsible ·Pacific Mail SS Co., wh~ch operated in for a unique way of do,ing b:usiness in San close association with the Panama RR and Francisco. nsteanler dai'/," the busi~ess Atlantic lines to provide a through day before th~ schedul-ed de:par'ture of· the freight, passenger·, and mail service to steamer for Pan~.ma, was for decade_s th~ and froTQ~ ,the East•· The following table day for settling deb,ts~ :A unique shc)l•t- shows the freight earned by steamers from credit system thus developed, . wh~ch'was ~ Panama to San Francisco during the decade. maintained well into the 20th- Century,' lorg (pome Central American cargo in small after daily overland mail service (and s~iiers and"perhaps some goods shipped daily passenger service E!'l,st for skipping from h1lrope via the Isthmus are included, debtors) had become available. The weekly at .least in so~e years; but we believe sailings in 1868 were thus objected t~, the freight on these items represented just as they had been in April, f.!ay, and only a small fraction of the total.) June 1853. . . Year Total freight Year Total freight The figures on eastbound ca.rgo .carried $ $ via the I sthrt1us are not easily RVailable • .1860 503,020 1'865 1,850,663 Some high-value Ct!lifornia prod,uce began ' 1861 909,940 1866 1,894,335 to be sent this way early in the 1A60's. ' 1862 1,055.594 1867 2,252,135 By 1863 .it was reported that . wool (in de- i 1863 ;3, 116,241 1868 2, 7,68, 783 mand in the East for uniforms .and blankets) · ·18p4 2,238,.646 \7as going pPrtly by steam, "the saving in Freight rates averaged considerably . time and interest ampl~·inducement to more for. the dry goods, boots and shoes, . counterbalance extra. freight and· charges." candles, . oysters. lemons, butter, cheese, Bullion, of course, was ·shipped almost e:c­ and tobacco th8.t came by stee_mer than for elusively by st~amers • . Afte:i: the west­ tlle heavier, cheaper, and less })3.!ishable bound steamer was detained· by Semmes articles that went around Cape Horn in in the ALAJ3.AHA off Cabo ~{aysi in Decemb~r sail, and by 1866 stemaers were · collecting · ~o62, there was eoncern over the possibi- more freight at Sa~ Franciscd from. New lity that an eastbound shipment might fall, York than were sailers. However,· the to- into Confederate hands, and from ee.. rly 186;j tal freight on sail shipments from all theuntil January 1865 most of the treasure E.astern ports was well ahead of the steam was carried from Aspinwall to Liverpool by t otal, t;hanltS to the arri.va~s from Boston, the ·Royal Mail Steam Packet vessels and P·a1 timore, and Phila.delphia; and of course thence to .New York by Cunard. t he total sail cargoes were much greate.:r -~7ells' · FArgo & Co. of San Francisco, who i n' volume, 17right in "San Francisco's · handled- fll':lch bf the specie shipments to ucean Trade" gives totaJ. sail cargoep ~or the ·En:st, also operated ·a westbound express 1869 from the East as 273,600 tons, 'w:tiere- service

1869 were valued at $37,181,209 by the 0 average down to $11.60 or 29¢, with the overland and isthmus routes combined, and DAVID CROCl

Total value, $1000's 2.,382. 1,974 3,452 0 4,310 5,243 5,807 5,635 6,715 8,618 5,658 0 11mber of sailings 19 18 22 15 17 23 35 43 49 19 l otal tonnage, 1000's 26.25 25.11 24.54 16,89 19.71 25.19 34,37 41.15 54.38 24.71 Hides, 10001 s (to N~Y.)200 181 274 239 238* 230 140 90 74 109 (to Boston) 48 74 97* 100 28 Total wool, 1000 lb. 2,980 3,411 4,776 5,182 5,916 6,550 4,662 7,058 13,226 13,748 (to Boston in sail) 308 2~002.1,949 608 998 607 295** 49 10 (to N.Y. in steam) ? 2,116 ? 3,859 2,866 ? 11,241 11,030

Flour , 1000 bbl -- -- 3~w 248 136 23 Wheat, 1000 sacks(N.Y.)204 18 284 551 957 136

(to other ports) , ~- 0 -~ 80 135 122 Barley, 1000 sacks 15,8 200 10.6 6.1 4,8 42.2 31.2 18.5 70.6 180.6 \~uicksilver, flasks 400 625 2~615 . 124 1,498 6,320 3,800 2,900 .~,500 1,500 *2,700 hides to Hew Bedford in 1864. **25,000 lb wool to Philadelphia in 1867 A sack of wheat or barley is 100-lb; a. flask of QUicksilver 75 lb net, 9~ gross. ;;:;t~~;:;:;-;;:;:-th~-ri~~;-~d-b;;;:~;-~~~t~i!;ii;;-:F~;;~-g;it"i;g-6¢-;;a:-§i:ao-i;;-;heir to New York but in the late 'GO's consi- e~ress service, even when the bill of la- Ughly wor- in that capacity and so signed vuaNG' s ri ed man. The hAAds were inexperienced, R.rticles. Although he ha.d spent a short inept, ann unfitted to the life. There time in GARTIWIOL he did not seem to have were those who refused to go aloft. Some much knowledge of sail. His book would kept their night watches in the ge.lley. be better in the minds of most readers Few seemed to be of much use in the rigging. ' !ere in not for the fact that Commander Seamanship was unknown to them. They were 1 utlin was writing his viewpoint as a at home in philosophical discussions and passenger in L'A~IR at the same time in lamentations concerning the frequency and comparisons are unavoidable. uith which :Bach's "Toccata and Fugue" is Mr. Hutton is neither such · a goon-· obser-heard. ver nor as good a listener. He is more The weakness of this book is probably occupied with trivia, too, lucky numbers, more obvious than severe. This long-haired. rnd efforts to be too clever. His char- mate of a long-haired crew is very much the notariZation of the Captain, !var R~ger- sophomo:e in literary styling as well as Btrand• though occasionally peevish is a reflechons. This is not a book about high point. His impatience with ca;te.in seamen or seafaring life, as Alan Villiers Hagerstrand' s attempts to get a little hon_points out in the preface. The translator e st labor out of him for a few minutes at did well in creating effective 3antences a time is amusing, although serious indeed but he does not beat many good par;agraphs to the cnief engineer. together. The result is that it i:s a: hard This is really too short being much thestory to read at any length. The fault is 1 shortest of the Cape Horn b~oks. ~ ·ir. Hut-no do':-bt. partly Mr. Thesleff s as. :vell. ton ~ad a different way of looking a.t sail... Th1s lS a thoroughly accurate, 1.f rath­ j_~ .g ship life from anyone else who wrote ol~r unsympathetic, acco~t. It stands as a j t '~ He ' s.eemea: to be ni re th " monument to that fine old vet~;ra:q.; Captain . .. o e common m. n I n t ·d ·h d' d · if' t j b .., .. t the' ·_o· th.er. s'· .. f .th' t t f var agers ran ' w o l a magn .lean o t ·~~ . . . o 1 s cen ury, mo s o . •: · · · · · .· ,;,hom .~w~re qui t .e e·xtraordinary. with _tsh ip dand crew, and who 1111 a11 but . , · unman 1one , _ ._T HE_ S~EFF, Holge·r, 11 Farewel]. \lindjanimer, 11 ' THE NAVY'S'***** NEW FLAG·' 23 ~ P~~ ~.ill, _· . ':hem?s & Hudson, N.Y • • 1951, The old ~eal of the Navy :Depa:I-tment has i;1 : ThlS , l~ . n~~:Q.~.ng. lf no~ a IfOVel book~ been redesigl'len and us~d. a~ _the basis fc .t' ~ h~ ~.utho_~ . sa.~ . l~~ 1n PASSAT to Ausi;ralla ~ , flag fop tpe Navy, \ ;vhich h.i 'i::herto ·has ';:n

Palmer's Shipbuilding &. Iron Co,Lim., Ner<19astle. HURUNUI I Ship 1054 New Zealand Shipping Co,Lim,, London, 1895 HERHES Robert Ha.ttson, Mariehamn • . Torpedoe9. 4 Hay 1914. ORARI I Ship 1054. New Zealand Shipping Co.L~m., London. Scrapped 1910. OTAKI I Ship 1053 Ne'v Zealand ~hipping Co~Lim~, London~ 1892 DR. SIEGERT F, . Henschen & Co., Bremen. :vrecked 1895. · V/AIPA I Ship · 1057 Netv Zealand Shipping· Co~Lim! 1 London. · 1895 MUNTER Br. Bj~rnstad, Sarpsborg, Norm~y. . Hissing 1911. I r/AIROA Ship 1057 New Zealand Shipping Co.Lim. 1 London. 1895 WINlJIPEG c. Zern~chow & 0. Gotaa.s, Jeri stiP..nia. Hissing 1907.

iiigham Richardson 8e Co., Neptune ~Vorks, · Low \7alker, .AD~LAIDE I Bark 712 John Brunton & Co., North Shields. Hissing 1884 •

S.P.Austin & Hunter, Sunderland BHILY CHAPLIN I Bark 777 Hora.n t: Sanderson, Hull. Vreck~d Oct.l892. Lm!BARDIAN I Bark 760 John Tweddell Jr., Stockton, 1891 VILL~ DE REDON ' ~. Habon, Nantes. Hissing Feb.l895, Fecamp-Cardiff.

Bartram, Haswell & Co., South Dock, Sunderland. CASTLE HOLlm I Ship 1042 Hine Bros., Ha.ryport. 1908 ESTF..R Anton H. H~sen 1 Fredrikstad 1916 '.rEPJf.1'1N Sej1sk, Red. Volante (,7 .tlliller), Copenhagen 1922 TXRNAN E. Forsberg, Karlskron;:~. . 11recked 18 Dec.l924. CLAN CAHPBELL I Bark 749 Thomas Dunlop & Sons, Glasgo,. ~7recked 17 Jan.l881. EDEN HOLlt!E . I Bark 818 Hine Bros. , Haryport.. :{reeked 1907, Bass St. ~: YRTLE HOLHE I Ship 945 Hine Bros., Haryport. 1906 GMHT Joh. Kl~cker, Arendal. Sunk by U-Boat 4 Sept.1915.

J. Blumer & Co. 1 Sunderland SCOTTISH CHIEF I Bark 682 D, Park, Sunderland. Jnnded as barge, Italian flagt broken up 1923, John Crown, Sunderland. EUPHONY WBark 377 Captain John ,Ditchburn, London, Foundered Dec.1886. IFAFA W Bark 384 J.T,Rennie, Aberdeen .. 1e99 UNION Larcheveque, St. Va,lery. Lost 19 Nov.l893. PENSHAW ~V Bark 755 builder. Lost 19 Feb.l893, Phili-ppines.

lfilliam Dozford & Sons, Sunderland. ABBEY COWPER I Bark 726 J.Hay & Co., . Liverpool. \Tracked 4 J:m.1885. AIKSHA\1 I Bark . 596 Edw.Wm. Tyson, liaryport. 17reclced 24 Dec.l891. ANTOFAGASTA I 13ark 709 Tomlinson, Hodgetts & Co., Liverpool, 1897 ANHA A. Jaccarino, . Castelle.rnare. Brolt:en up Feb.l908. DELSCEY I Bark 704 Shalcross & Higham, Liverpool.

VIDONIA i>ientz 1 Decker & Co., Han:burg. Ashore 1907: scrapped.

JAHAICA I Bark 718 R. Denniston & CoG 1 Glasgow. 1908 CAROLINA P. Vidal, Hon tevideo. Foundered 15 Feb.l915. LILLIAN HOilRIS I Bark 806 Thomas Beynon, Newport, Eon. · PAS~UALINO ~.Mazella, Naples. IIulked 1912. 1917 PAYSAHDU (aux.3n.sch.) Gonzalez y Sioli, Fontevideo 1919 IBAIZilAL Hernandez. Iiend.erichaga & Co. • ::3ilb~J. o. 1924 ~ fARIA LUIZA J.Rodrigues Onegles, Las Palmas. Scrapped 1930, Italy. HOUUTAI:NE:8R I Ship 1537 G. N. Gardiner &. Co., Liverpool. Burned Oct .1886.

- LOG CHIPS 82 June 1959 James Gardner, Sunderland .ANN LESSJJIE W Sch 106 P.L.Smith, Lerwick M ZZIE B.ARJlY '1 Bark 526 J. H. Barry, ~fui tl:Jy . 1887 LUZ Cia.Esplotadora de Lota y Coronel, Valpar~.iso. VAID OF ALN ~1 Bark 518 'l. Davison & Co., N,Shields. Foundered Sept.l886.

Gibbon & Son, South Hylton, Sunderland . ll AYADERE ·.1 Bark 212 A. ~evive, Dunkerque 0.\EPANERO \1 Bktn 361 Foulds & Bone,. Greenock •. GEORG~ 7ATSON W Bark 795 Geo. l1at son, Sunderland, (See p. 84) GRANVILLE \V Bktn 341 J. Davies & Co., Swansea. Lost 5 Ju~e 1885. KEZIAH P. WBktn 469 1876 AHF CHADDOCK R. Chaddock, Liverpool. Stranded Feb.l877,

Gulston, Sunderland BELLE OF BENIN I Bark 299 T. Harrison & Co., Liverpool. Lost Aug.l889, Opobo R.

James Laing, Sunderland · Comp.Ship 1335 A.L.Elder, London. Scra:f)ped 1910, Genoa.

Mounsey & Foster, Sunderland ALASTOR . I Bark 874 R. H. Penney, Shoreham: 1946 BOUNTY (Floating restaurA.nt, RPmsgate) . Scrapped 1952. . r.I.PHETA I Bark 869 R. H. Penney, Shore~nm. Hissing 1885, Pacific. Al~T.A.ltBS I Bark 873 R.H.Penney, Shoreham. Broken up, 1910. D,<\FBET CASTLE I Ship 1649 L.H.Hcintyre & Co., Liverpool. Lost Hay 1897. J:IHGDOH OF S~/EDEN I Bk 830 Gpsman & Smith, London. (See p.84) OIDiGON I Bark 843 Welch & Rollo, Dundee. ':lrecked 18 Dec,l890.

Osbourne• Graham & Co., Hylton, Sunderland. BRITANNIA I Ship 1400 Hamilton Bros., Liverpool ~ !JINA C.H.Hatzen, Hamburg. Hissing Sept.l899, Santos-Talta~ FIRST LANCASHIRE I Ship 1405 ~"I.H.Owen, Liverpool, 1900 ENDYliiOii Robert Hattson, Hariehamn. Submarined April 1917. 'l'HE FREDERI OK I Bark 836 J. N. ;lard & Co., Fleet':7ood, 1897 BJ.ARNE Haakon Christensen, Larvik. ;{reeked April 1908, iTOOJ.,LAHRA I Bark 974 Cowlishaw Eros., Sydney. '7recked July 1907, New Zea.

T. R, Os\vald & Co., Sunderland. BANN I Ship 1719 J. Nourse, London. 1903 HILDEGARD O.D.Ahlers, Bremen, Hulked Port of Spain 19la. BEECROFT I Ship 1626 Hargrove, Ferguson & Jackson, Liverpool. Scrapped 1913. BOWDON I Ship 1624 Hargrove, Ferguson & Jackson, Liverpool. Wrecked 1893. CHAMPION I Ship 1487 H.Fernie & Sons, Liverpool. 1.7recked 20 Dec.l903. HOSPOD.AR I Ship 1625 Hargrove, Ferguson & Jackson, Liverpool. 1901 CAVALIERE HICHELE RUSSO Flli.Russo fu H., Castellamare, Wrecked Sept.l902, PHILOMENE I Ship 1465 H. Fernie & Sons, Liverpool. 1906 SAliS AWl.'ONIO P. Holina, Brrcelona. ·./reeked Sept ,1909, Habana. SIERRA MORENA I Ship 1423 Thompson, Anderson & Co., Liverpool. 1897 ll.ARY AUGUSTA C.H.Boden, Nord.maling. Lost French coast, 1898/9.

·;iilliam Pickersgill, ·Sunderland. /lJECA W Bktn 317 A.& A.W.Suter, London :.: ATHERIHE GRIFFITH i1 Bktn 337 G. Griffith, London. GUIDING STAR \l Bark 322 W.Dodd, Liverpool,

"11 , Richard son, Sunderland . '":J,RLOTTA W hHrk 584 Beckwith & Co., lifewcastle. ·.rrecked 5 Jan.l900, ;rJLEN HOLT il BJ:tn 321 Lancashire !:!hipping Co. (Lim.), Liverpool. 1896 ELI SAB.d.PH Ch:l", Simoni, Aalborg, Sunk in collision Sept.l896. LOG CHIPS 83 June 1959 w. Rich~rdson, Sunderland (continued). · RUTH TOPPING "11 :Bktn 332 Lancashire Sh~pping Co. (Li~.), Liverpool. 1892 RUTH WALDRON Spearing & Waldr9n, London. 1897 JASPER J. Walsh & Co., ilexford. 1907 ITALA G,:Bertomino fu A., Genoa 1908 CATERINA BARBARO Guglielmo & Barbaro; Palermo. Brokan up 1936/37~

Short Brothers, Pall~on, Sunderland . RES PERI DES .I · Ship ' 1401 J.Patton, Jr.& Co., London. 1904 SAHUEL HANSEN Henr. Hansen, L111esand, ·.rrecked 31 Dec.l908. VI, H. rrATSON I Bark 533 W.H. tTatson & Son, Sunderland. 1889 LOTTIE N.N.Harbye, Nordby Fanp. · 18 Feb.l896 lost, Altata, Me1; .

Richard Thompson, Sunderland. . FYLDE li · BI~tn 379 Fylde ·Shipping Co. {Lim.) t Fleetwood. WAITEHATA D. B. Cruickshank, Auckland. Sunk in collision 1898. SPilUWAY \I Bark 346 J.& \T.Bateman, Fremantle. './reeked June 1900. ZULU CHIEF W Bark · 405 J.Thomson & Co., London. Foundered 25 Hov,1886.

Robert Thompson Jr., Southwick. Sunderland.

ETHEL I Bark 515 J,Russel11 Cork. 1895 ALMA A.He1ing, Stavanger. ·./reeked Halden I., 1 Feb.1906. SINDBAD I Bark 6:!9 Swansea Shipping ·co., Swansea. 1901 HELEnA ~!. E.Hoglia fu P,, Genoa 1910 HE!JORIA Flli.Bo!ano, Genoa.. 1915 PALMERINO P•Loffredo, Torre del Greco. Broken up July 1934.

'Jilliam Gray & Co., ~fest F.artlepool. GEORGINA I Bark 660 J. Bowen, Swansea. Jrecked 21 Aug.l889, . English Bnk. JESSIE I Bark 647 · J. B·owen, Swansea. · KATE HEI.ENA I Bark 665 J. Bowen, Swansea. Abandoned 7 Nov.l879. WILLIAH ]0r/EN I Bktn 379 lim.Bowen, Llanelly. !lissi.ng August 1880,

Richardson, Duck & Co., South Stockton-on-Tees ABERAH.AN I Ship 1126 E. H. Capper Be Co., Cardiff. Hissing 1883. ABERCARNE I Ship 1121 E.H.Capper & Co., Cardiff.· 1896 OCEANO Glnma & Puls, Oporto. AI,DBOROUGH I Ship 1472 . British & Eastern Shipping Co.Lim., Liverpool • . AN J-.T IE ELHER N.Sichirich, Orebec, Austri~. Dismnntled 1907• SIERRA i1ADRONA I Ship 1484 Thompson, Anderson & Co., Liverpool. · Hissintr 1894.

Rtcy"lton Dixon & Co., Hiddlesbro'-on-Tees · LANGLAND I Bark 670 ,1, H. Tucker, Swansea. · 1901 MARIA MADRE F111. :Ba.lestrino, Genoa 1943 CLARA Y (motor vessel) Naviera Olimar SA, Montevideo. · l{recked June 1957.

' Humphrey & Pearson, Hull. NORTH \{ALES I Ship 1157 Hugh Roberts, London. Lost 16 Jan.1881.

• H. Fellows & Son, . Southtown, Great Yarmouth POliDA CHIEF \V Bark 413 · Jae. Thompson & Co., London• :vrecked 3 Harch 1878.

R.& H.Green, lllackwall, London. n lLEOURNE I Ship 1965 builde1•s · 1888 t! ACQ,UARIE Devitt & Hoore, l•ondon- 1904 FORTUNA Johan Bryde, Sandefjord. Hulk 1909, Sydney; scrpd.'53.

Salisbury • London. S I NQ,UASI if Bark 447 BuU.a.rd, lang & Co. , London. 1889 DUQ,UESNE E.l~ousquet, Dieppe. Broken up, 1909. LOG CHIPS 84 JUNE 1959 Dyason, Whitstable GRATITUDE ;v Bktn 323 F.'q.Fairbrass, Rochester.

J.& ~.:B.Harve1, Clymping, Littlehampto~. . FE :BE W Bktn 243 Bisson & Co., Falmouth. Hulked 1925. MONESS IT Bark 524 G.& J.R9binson, Littlehampton.

Philip & Son, Dartmouth. . . CHITTOOR :1 Bktn 227 '.1.H.Punchard & C9•• Dartmouth. Hulked c.l908, N.Z. TIIPPLJ~ iV Sch 172 J. Putt & Co., Brixham. ESPERANCA F.Rodrigues & Co., Lisbon SENHORA DA CONCEICAO Funchal

il. Date, Kingsbridge, Devon~ JU-qGOSY ;; Bktn 279 Friend & Co., Salcombe. Lost Dec.1880, Brazil Coast.

l·farshall, Piymouth SID.UIER MORN ·,7 Bktn 319 Harshall f:c Short, Plymo~th. TAHETOHO HARU Ukai Gonzoyemon, Osalr.a THAMES i7 Sch 177 South Devon Shipping Co., Plymouth.

s. Hoss, Par, Cornwall . ADA PEARD \1 Bktn 256 N. Hocken, Fowey. Abandoned at sea 10 Dec.1918.

H.S.Trethowan's Little Falmouth Dockyard, Falmouth. SEA BIRD W Sch 123 H.S.Trethowan, London. SOTERIA '.1 Bark 622 Balkwill & Co., Sa1combe. Abandoned 30 Hay 1888.

A,. Cook, Appl.eQ.or~, · OCEAN RM~GER W Bktn 281 J.H.Hocken, Fowey. Hulked 1901.

John Johnson, Bi deford, Devon. 'C: AY CORY W Bktn 174 J. s.James; Plymouth. RHODA lV Bark 265 . John Johnson & Co., Salcombe.

VT. Westacott, Barn staple BLANCHE iV 3mSch 213 Preston Shipping Co., Preston FANNY WBktn 218 Preston Shipping Co., Preston. Foundered Feb.l916. LORD TREDEGAR iV Bktn 268 T. R. Ree s & Co, , Newport. ':7recked 10 Harch 188 7. MARGARET .ANNIE W Sch 99 Vine & Co., Bideford. . ~Us sing, 1876 or 187? • .

Pembroke Dock Coopere.tive SB Co., Pembroke R. H. JONES W Bark ?74 Jones :Bros.& Co., Newport.

I. Evans, Aberystwi th LADY PRYSE 'iv Bktn 300 T.Jones & Co., Aberystwith. Stranded 6 Nov.l880.

Ebe,nezar Roberts, Portmadoc VI, w. LLOYD if Brig 261 Lloyd & Co., Portmadoc. Lost 1900, W.Indies.

Bowdler, Chaffer & Co., Sea.combet Liverpool CROSS HILL I Ship 1069 Hayton & Simpson, Liverpool. Hissing 1885.

Croft, Liverpool. ;iiLD i7AVE W Bark 251 Fisher & Facey, Hobart Toml. .!reeked June 1923. (to be continued) ADDENDA TO PAGE 82: KINGDOH OF S'VED!TIN was renAmed INDEJ'HjNDANT !i-