A draft framework for preparation of VIJAYAWADA CITY DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN 2014 ON THE PERSPECTIVE OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND ADAPTABILITY

GOI-UNDP-VMC VIJAYAWADA MUNICIPAL CORPORATION KRISHNA DISTRICT ANDHRA PRADESH

VIJAYAWADA CITY DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN 2014 BASIC FRAMEWORK, STRATEGY & METHODOLOGY [An Inception Report] CONTENT

1 INTRODUCTION

AIM & OBJECTIVES OF 2 STUDY/REVIEW OF PLAN

METHODOLOGY , APPROACHS 3 & KEY STRATEGIES

DISATERS SCENARIO IN VIJAYAWADA CITY AND CURREN CDMP2011 KEY GAPS AND 4 RECOMMENDATIONS

SUGGESTED FRAME WORK FOR CITY DISASTER MANAGMENT PLAN 2014 – CHAPTERS WAY FORWORD FOR PREPARATION OF CITY 5 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

6 ANNEXURE HAZARD MAPS IN GIS MODE ROUTE MAPS RISK ZONES SAFE SHELTERS & FACILITIES DATA BASE/INFORMATION EARLY WARNING SYSTEM MOCK DRILL SYSTEM CAPACITY BUILDING PLANS LATEST DATA BASE COMMUNICATION STRATEGY IN EMERGENCY

1. Introduction :

Brief profile of City: Vijayawada is a historical city situated at the geographical centre of Andhra Pradesh state in India on the banks of Krishna River with latitude 16 03’11” N and longitude 80 03’91” E. The climate is tropical, with hot summers and moderate winters. The peak temperature reaches 47 °C in May -June, while the winter temperature is 20-27 C. The average humidity is 78% and the average annual rainfall is 103 cm. Vijayawada gets its rainfall from both the south- west monsoon and north-east monsoon. The topography of Vijayawada is flat, with a few small to medium sized hills. It is also a major railway junction connecting all states in the country. The Vijayawada city is the commercial capital of the state of Andhra Pradesh. The population growth has been rapidly registering almost three fold increase in 3 decades ending 2011 with a population account of 10.48lakhs Being the third largest city in the state of Andhra pradesh and largest city in the Krishna district.

Vijayawada has a lot of scope for development and urban growth. The city’s population is expected to increase to 16.5 lakh by 2021. With ever increasing population and unprecedented growth of urban area the city’s landscape is undergoing unwanted changes. The increased runoff is inundating the low lying areas of the many parts of the city even from the normal spell of rainfall. This is mainly due the impervious nature imparted to the land surface because of the urbanization. Urban Heat Island is one of the upcoming urban climatologically problems developing in the city. Vijayawada climate is very much dependant on the geography with a river flowing through it, the Indrakeeladri hills on the west and the Budameru river in the north, the northern, north-western and south-western parts of city are covered by range of hills. Moreover, overall the climate of the city is tropical one with hot summer, humid and moderate winter.

With inhabiting population of more than 1million in the Vijayawada City and a largest commercial center in the State of Andhra Pradesh and interconnected to many cities and there is important Railway junction connecting north & south India. The city is divided into 59 political wards for administration spread over 61 sq kms. in the city there are 105 slum pockets with more than 3 lakh poor population in habiting, most of the slums are on the banks of the river Krishna and its canal system. Out of the 59 city wards, it is found that 35 wards have vulnerability due to due to spatial location and internal systems of accessing basic amenity to the vulnerable population such as physical and social infrastructure etc. There are three industrial estates in the city [Kondpalli, Kanur and Autonagar] the emissions may likely to cause fuel to the climate variability which need to look into. It is envisaged that some of the Potential threats to Vijayawada City due to climate change and climate variability: Floods/flash floods, Cyclone intensification, Extrem e temperate variations ,Hazard risk due to waste disposal including hospital waste ,Health hazard [malaria, dengue, chickengunea & JE etc],Vehicle/industrial emission , Landslides in hilly regions, Human made hazards including terror, fire accidents [natural/accidental] and Falls on Earth quake zone The community/stakeholders have to prepare for mitigation and adaptation to climate variability to minimize the potential impact of climate change on the Vijayawada City dwellers. With enhance capacities the institutions/stakeholders can put efforts in management of disasters and mainstreaming Climate Risk Management into their plans so to create space for safer living in the city.

Scope of work; Why Vijayawada City needs Comprehensive CDMP;

 City population – considerable number living in vulnerable zones  City play vital role in Social, Cultural and economic driving and socio-economic development of community  Disaster Preparedness and Prevention in urban areas target more people than in rural pockets  City geographical location fuel to natural disasters – disaster may impact the normal functioning business, market and offices etc  In the long term disasters can cause negative impacts on economic growth as well as health and productivity of citizens

The VMC has the capacities to prepare City Disaster Management Plan, with the technical support from Academic institutions and expertise line departments. With exposure in DRM/URM projects implemented in the City has created excellent results in trainings and awareness on Disaster Risk Reduction in the city. Many times, the capacities of VMC had experienced in the previous disasters [floods/flash floods/cyclone/fire hazards] in extending emergency services to the city dwellers and mitigation of vulnerable pockets. The core heads of the departments in the Vijayawada Corporation is having expertise and knowledge in contribution of in preparation and effective implementation of the plan in the city. The successful implementation of JNNURM and UCD projects by VMC which are bases for our strength and capacities of Municipal Corporation for effective Implementation of Climate Risk Management project in the frame work of Urban Disaster Risk Reduction. The plan should includes:

 Specify potential hazards/threats  Previous exposure in emergency services – learning  Clarity on roles and responsibility primary and secondary stakeholders  Standard Operating Procedure of line departments  Functioning of Emergency Operating Center  Capturing Climate Change concern  DRR Mainstreaming  Capacity building of Stakeholders  Testable plan in the filed  Addressing Cross cutting issues Rationale;

The commercial City of Vijayawada in Andhra Pradesh is fast growing city on the East Coast in India, rapid urbanization, industrialization of the city has led to increase in demand for land with the city lead to expansion in the peri-urban areas. In many of the adjoining villages, mandals and districts in the State people, people are coming and taking settlements in the most vulnerable locations as the City natural geography has vulnerability by nature and increasing due to human pressure by migration. The city fast growth rate, population, inadequate infrastructure, problems in settlements within unsafe locations are steadily increasing, which may like to face catastrophe periodically. The Global warning and Climate change impact would fuel the hazards intensity and frequency that impact on the lives and livelihood beyond imagination. In this uncertain hazard circumstance, the GOI-UNDP-VMC as part of Climate Risk Management project has been initiated in preparation of a comprehensive City Disaster Management Plan for Vijayawada City. The plan would be prepared considering impact and learning of previous hazards, disasters and vulnerability, which will be effective weapon in the hands of City administration and Other key stakeholders to face any kind of eventuality due to natural and man made disasters including climatic haphazard. With the technical support of Nagarjuna University, KL University and Vijayawada Urban Develop Authority, the City Disaster Management Plan 2014 will be prepared and tabled before City Disaster Management Authority for evaluation and ascertain the applicability. The new plan would consider the recommendations by expert team and practices experiences of key department officials and NGOs in the City. The plan would also include effective prevention, preparedness, response and Mitigation measures to deal with multi hazards being faced by Population of Vijayawada City. The plan deals with detailed hazards, risk & vulnerability, institutional mechanism, resources inventory, mitigation plan, response plan, reconstruction plan , standard operating procedure for different Government departments, budgetary and financial allotment, modalities for periodical monitoring and evaluation.

2. Aims & Objectives: Proactive and reactive integrated disaster management for all communities in Vijayawada city by addressing Climate change extremity to overcome hazards

Objectives of study

The objectives of the study and review of existing plans are to illustrate comprehensive vulnerability profile of the city of Vijayawada. Further it describes how life, assets, infrastructure losses and adverse impacts can be mitigated and minimized with advance and proactive measures. The study envisages the roles and responsibilities of various Departments of VMC and required coordination with various other organizations of the city to carry out action plans of preparedness and response strategies. Line of authority and organizational structure of various agencies is enshrined in providing personnel, equipment and other supplies during response and recovery actions. Capacity building plan of various stakeholders and community in specific with participatory approach is described to bring awareness in the city.The main objectives of the plan/study are to:  To identify various hazards that affect the city, frequency of occurrence and likely impact on the people properties and infrastructure and to prevent loss of human lives and property  To prepare the plans for disaster preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation; and ultimately  To address climate hazards on the lines of hydro meteorological threats  To update existing City Disaster Management Plan (CDMP) for the VMC  To prepare Micro plans of Core disasters with Standard Operating Procedure

3. CDMP- Methodology & Approaches

The CDMP up-dation will be based on the following methods; 1. Review of existing plan by Experts -- Completed 2. Stakeholder consultations/Meetings - Completed 3. Validation of potential threats – Study on task 4. Line departments plans – Consultations are on 5. Primary/Secondary source of information - Data collection 6. Review of Standard Operating Procedure - Completed 7. Conducting study and random sampling -On Task 8. Building data base from the core line departments- on task

9. Collation and finalization for plan -on task

10. Hazard specific action plan –on task

In addition the methodology for preparation City Disaster Management Plans for Floods, Cyclones, Earthquake and fire hazards, the National and State action plans on Climate change will take reference & also key inputs and excerpts of the previous phase of GoI-UNDP DRR program implemented in Vijayawada City. The Vijayawada CDMP updation will be taken places by consists of Preparedness Plan, Response plan, Mitigation Plan, Recovery Plan, Capacity Building Plan and Mainstreaming Plan.

Strategies:

 State and District Disaster Management Plan Frame work  Risk and Vulnerability assessme3nt, Prevention and Mitigation, Preparedness, Response, Relief Rehabilitation and Reconstruction  Multi hazard, Multi agency and Multi disaster scenario  Appropriate Mitigation and Prevention measure within timelines  Integration of Line departmental action plan for Emergency Preparedness  Partnership with institutions and other community based organizations[NGOs]  Plan to focus potential threats include climatic variability  Review of existing plan by Expert team  Considering recent hazards/response plan in the city  Practically feasible and hassle free in implementation  Involving Expert/Institution in preparation of CDMP

4. Disaster Scenario in Vijayawada City & Current CDMP 2011 review:

The city has been facing hydro-meteorological hazards that have enormous impacts on socio-economic systems reflecting floods, storms, heat waves endangering human lives, disrupt livelihood systems, and derail the process of social and economic development. Its geographical location and vulnerability Vijayawada City people has been facing periodic floods and flash floods from Krishna river and rain-fed Budameru river causing extensive damages to lives and properties and infrastructure frequently. The heavy rains and continuous downpour on the upper reaches of river basins causing untimely floods and Climate variability and climate change may compound the severity of risks, as it is expected to alter the frequency and complexity of climate hazards. Due to population growth, in-migration and city expansion, the local administration is facing uphill task to meet basic urban infrastructural needs to address basic urban infrastructure issues.

Vijayawada city is experiencing climate variability such as high temperature during summer and extending summer months in general and particular in the coastal pockets or experiencing precipitation and flash floods affecting lives and livelihood of poor and vulnerable population. For the last one decade, it is evident that the city temperature has been increasing, there were thousands of people lost their lives in summer months due to extremity of temperature in summer. In 2013, more than 600 persons in India have been killed by the deadly heat wave that has enveloped the country. One of the most affected states, Andhra Pradesh, reported 542 fatalities as the temperature hovered above 45°C across the state. However, heat waves that have claimed 1,300 lives (deaths directly attributed to sun stroke in official records) between 1998 and 2012. The common symptoms observed due to heat waves and extreme temperature such as increase body temperature, head ache, dizziness, fatigue, rapid heartbeat, absence of sweating, fluctuating blood pressure and irritability etc. Further, due to impact of climate change, it is recorded that, there is increase in frequency of temperature, risk of water borne diseases and increase the frequency of cyclone, storms and floods.

It is evident that, heat stroke is most severe of all head related illness and head stroke could be life threatening. The extreme temperature is due to change of Land-use pattern have led to changes in the amount of sunlight reflected from the ground. The scale of these changes to be due to global climate and due to increase in emissions of greenhouse gases, climate change impacting the Vijayawada city due to developmental projects and other operations such as clearing green cover, mining operations in the surrounding pockets, automobile emissions, and industries [emissions from Vijayawada Super Thermal Power Station] are further causing fuel to the extreme climatic variation, causing devastating impact on the lives and livelihoods of urban population.

Vijayawada city facing with a number of sustainability challenges in the context of climate change. There is an urgent need to limit greenhouse gas emissions from cities if ambitious mitigation targets are to be met. Meanwhile, cities are vulnerable to the impacts of climate change unless adaptation plans can be put in place. The need to connect climate change adaptation and mitigation with broader assessment of sustainability is becoming increasingly recognised. It is observed and evident that the climate variability and climate change impact is experiencing in the form of temperature, heat waves, floods, drought, precipitation and epidemics etc, it is evident that there is no control on the parameters of global phenomena, but can reduce the impact of extreme weather conditions by adaptations practices and other mitigation measures at local level in the city. In 2013, the Vijayawada City vulnerability had faced four cyclone storms in October-November causing disturbance of normal life, fortunately severe cyclones [Phailin, Helen, Lehar & Madi] lost much energy in passage in the Bay of Bengal. The continuous rains on the upper reaches cause havoc and unprecedented floods and incidents of rock slips on the hill terrain. Some of the local factors causing extremity of climate parameters in Vijayawada city:

 Degradation of vegetation and lacking tree cover  Emissions from Automobiles – lacking energy efficiency systems  Emissions from industrial operations – lacking treatment system  Mining operations in and around the city –no post closing mining operations  Emissions from Vijayawada Super Thermal Power Station  Emissions from the paddy fields/processing operations  Extensive concrete bunds and sand dunes reflecting re-radiation with wind flow within ambient environment  Huge track of open space, extensive road network and concrete belt  Unplanned settlements in the vulnerable locations

A current City Disaster Management Plan of Municipal Corporation, Vijayawada, can overcome vulnerability with management of men and machinery outlines in the plan. But the current climate extremity and haphazard in Vijayawada city needs a comprehensive plan, includes Prevention, Preparedness, Mitigation and Management of disasters in the Vijayawada city. Further development projects in the city, shall focus carbon sequestration and promote adaptations and other resilience mechanism so as to minimize the impact of disasters that gives respite to one million populations living in the Vijayawada city. The current CDMP has thoroughly reviewed by experts, Disaster Managers and line department officers’ exposure in handling City disasters

The current CDMP for Vijayawada City:

City Disaster Management Plan [CDMP] Vijayawada; Vijayawada City Disaster Management Plan has been prepared by VMC for the year 2011 in the previous phase of Urban Risk Reduction project in consultation with the other line departments & NGOs. CDMP aims to provide a practical roadmap for operationally useful emergency preparedness plan. The objective of CDMP is to formulate an integrated Disaster Management Plan for Vijayawada City, the plan deals with detailed hazards risk, vulnerability analysis, integrated institutional mechanism, resource inventory, mitigation measures, response, reconstruction plans and standard operating procedures.

The brief over view of the plan is herewith:

Over view of CDMP 2012: 12 Chapters  1- Chapter – Classification of hazards, Rationale, need and scope of Plan & objectives  2 –Chapter – City profile, history, demographic profile, population growth, literacy, Climate – temperature, rainfall, wind, vegetation, soil & ground water, land use profile rivers and dams, zones and wards, infrastructure  3 –Chapter – Capacity analysis resources, strength  4 –Hazard Risk & Vulnerability Analysis area prone to hazards, Krishna floods-vulnerable areas, Budameru floods- vulnerable areas, land slide affected areas, fire accidents, cyclones, Health epidemics  5 –Chapter – Mitigation measures of various hazards , EWS, Training calendar, CB plan  6 –Chapter –Estimated budget for mitigation of non structural  7- Chapter – Preparedness and Institutional mechanism [VMC] EOC, EWS, warning stages , communication system, special officers for relief & rescue at city, line department officers, community halls & kalyana mandapam, list of service providers and essential commodity  8-Chapter – Preparedness plans [line departments] revenue, irrigation, ICDS, police, Fire services, NDRF, Civil supplies, R&B etc  9 – Chapter –Response mechanism, Division of work among VMC functionaries [Engg, Town plg, CMOH, Revenue] ward level DM committee, Ward DM response group  10-Chapter –Rehabilitation measures, SOP for CDM [Early warning, search and rescue, first aid , trauma counseling, shelter mgt, food & nutrition, water& sanitation & Damage assessment  11 –Chapter –HRVA Study recommendations  12- Chapter – Annexure –photos, maps etc

Experts comments:  Well structured plan  Prepared through series of consultations by VMC  The document is well developed, detailed but bulky (394 pages)  The CDMP has provided a very good brief of the history, growth and expansion aspects of the city  The CDMP has assessed hazards according to their seasonality and geography.  The institutional structure for the review has been mentioned  Physical and Environmental vulnerability has been well articulated  Capacity building has been well thought off.  Mitigation measures mentioned with funding and status Weekness : • CDMP does cover preparedness but more towards flooding and not other calamities • Response plan needs to include maps to identify the vulnerable areas/ infrastructure/ population • Critical Infrastructure location, capacity and mitigation measures adopted/to be adopted needs further strengthening • Cross cutting issues like gender, accountability, environment, updating and testing and funding have not been touched upon in the CDMP document; • Weak on community linkages Gaps/Limitations: outlines in the study

 Sample study in short period  Lacking data of previous hazards [natural & man made]  Latest census not available [used only 2001]  City data included with District data  Plan focusing natural disasters [cyclone, floods, fires , land slides and earth quakes] but not on climatic factors [temp, precipitation, epidemic, vehicular and industrial emissions

Recommendations: • Need more updated Quantitative as well as Qualitative data on Hazards, vulnerability, capacities, potential risks • Sex segregated data with other vulnerabilities need to be captured; • Information flow charts could be improved with detailed hierarchy and flow of command information • Resource data needs to identify the gaps and means/ ways to strengthen it. • Mitigation plan should include action points with fund allocation, time frame for periodic review and implementation. • CDMP needs to talk about risk sensitive land use planning and development control regulations that need to be enforced. • Scenario based planning as done for floods needs to be done for other hazards . • Climate change aspects needs to be captured as it is a growing city • Issues like gender, social inequalities transparency, etc.. should be addressed • Process, updating and review plans are to be included • Additional data could be moved to the annexure

Need to update the CDMP in the lines of CRM project:

Focusing: CDMP can be strengthen in the lines of

 Climate variability factors –temperature, precipitation, pollution levels of primary emissions,  Mitigation – identify vulnerable pockets, recommending structural and non structural, current adaptation, community knowledge and capacity building  Health parameters –vulnerable wards in the context of epidemics  Emissions of vehicular & industrial operations and affecting wards  Institutional & Community Capacities enhancement plans  Identify life line building - in the lines of Disaster Management  Sharing of knowledge of best practices

The current City Disaster Management Plan which has been prepared in 2011 has been reviewed by Ms.Jyothi Parikh, Consultant, New Delhi and series of consultations taken place by interaction with Core departments, NGOs and Community to check the validity of the Current City Plan and suitability to the threats and risk of the City. The expert team has suggested the following frame work to VMC to prepare and update the City Disaster Management Plan. UNDP team has shared review of CDMP in a Consultation meeting held at VMC during September’2013. The core heads of departments, NGOs has participated in the meeting and contributed feedback to strengthen the plan. The proposed City Disaster Management Plan is herewith:

5.The suggested framework for Vijayawada City Disater Management Plan 2014 CHAPTERS ` 1. Brief description of the city [History, Profile, Demographic profile, Land use, Weather and Climate profile, Vegetation and Landscape, Rivers - Krishna and Budameru, Population, Planning zones and Wards, City Governance and Infrastructure qualitative and quantitative data on hazards, Capacities of stakeholders and Potential risks includes climate extremity]

2. Prevention and Preparedness Plans - Plan preparation at wards, Emergency operation centre, capacity building for response as well as prevention and mitigation, techno-legal rules and compliance mechanism [Hazard Risk and Vulnerability & Capacity analysis; Floods - Krishna Floods, Budameru Floods; Land slides, Earthquake; Cyclones; Fire accidents; Solid waste management; Climate extremity; Drainage; Health epidemics]; seasonal hazard analysis; Prevention and Mitigation, Preparedness, Response, Relief, Rehabilitation, Reconstruction, Vulnerable areas, Reasons; Risk Assessment; Structural and Non-structural vulnerabilities; EOC; Capacity building and techno-legal issues Disaster Probability; Sno Type of disaster Time of Potential Vulnerable occurrence impact/damages areas 1 Floods June-Nov 2 Land slides June-August 3 Cyclone May- June/Oct-Nov 4 Storm surge May/Oct 5 Earth quake

Risk Assessment: Type of hazard Potential impact Vulnerability Vulnerable areas Floods Land slides Cyclone Storm surge Earth quake

3. Response Plans- Standard Operating procedures for the individual departments and Emergency Support function teams, Incident Response system [Information flow charts could be improved with detailed hierarchy and flow of command information]; Division of work at VMC; Roles of Key department, Coordination with City Disaster Management & Ward level DMC ] - Search and rescue - Communication - Drinking water - Medical emergency - Maintenance of sanitation - Stock of essential commodities - Mass media - Volunteers

4. Mitigation Plans including steps to Mainstreaming Disaster Management concerns into development plans/ programs/ projects [Structural measures and Non-Structural measures of Natural and Man made disasters ; Early Warning system; HRVA recommendations] Mitigation plan should include action points with fund allocation, time frame for periodic review and implementation

5. Cross-cutting Issues ; gender, equity, disability, children and other social inclusiveness; vulnerable location; vulnerable population; mapping areas; mapping safe zones; capacity building; rehabilitation root map; main streaming

6. Partnership between stakeholders –Coordination and partnership with departments, NGOs, academic institutions, training institutions others- roles and responsibilities

7. Financial Arrangements- Preparedness, Response, Mitigation for structural and non structural measures and based projects expected completion of timeline and tracking system by CDMA/DDMA; Preparedness – plans, institutional mechanism, Early Warning system and stages, Shelters for vulnerable wards; Response – mechanism from Heads of Departments at VMC, Other line departments such as Irrigation, health, civil supplies, Police and NGOs etc; Mitigation – Structural and Non structural, EWS equipment, Communication network

8. Disaster specific Action Plans- scenario based planning[Floods, Cyclones, Landslides, Fire, Earth quake, Drainage choking, Health epidemics] Resource data, Climate Change; Prevention and Mitigation – Engineering & construction, Physical planning, Economic, Management & Institutional and Societal; Preparedness – Institutional framework, information, resource base, warning systems, response mechanisms and awareness, training and education; Response- Evacuation, Search & rescue, Safety and Security and Assessment of needs; Relief - Appropriate, good condition and quality, place and time; Rehabilitation – Communication, Water supply, power supply , roads & transport, Waste disposal and Public health; Reconstruction – full restoration of all services and local infrastructure, replacement of damaged physical structures, revitalization of the economy and restoration of social and cultural life.

9. Review and up-dation of Plan and ward Plans [Review of current CDMP and Ward plans and preparation of new plan as per the current scenario and data base]

10. Coordination and implementation mechanism – City Disaster Management Agency, Standard Operating Procedure, Current mechanism, Review system, Communication, Capacity building.

11. Annexures: Support data- resources- equipments, skilled human resource, machinery for hazard management, telephone numbers, list of service providers and NGOs, ======

Key take aways – Chapter wise

1.Brief description of the city -

City History: Vijayawada is a flourishing town of great historic importance. It was one of the important cities early in the Christian era, and was the religious centre for the kingdom of Vengi. Vijayawada, in Andhra Pradesh is located at the head of the Krishna delta, 70km from the sea, bounded by the Indrakiladri Hills on the west and the Budameru River on the north. The Northern, North-Western, and South-Western parts of the city are covered by a low range of hills, while the Central, South-Western and North-Western parts are covered by rich and fertile agriculture lands with three major irrigation canals. The topography of Vijayawada is flat, with a few small to medium sized hills. The Krishna River runs through the city. The hills are part of the Eastern Ghats cut through by the Krishna river. It has very low elevation compared to the average elevation of the Ghats. This historical town has originated on the northern bank of the river Krishna and, by 1855 AD the town was in the form of small settlement on the eastern side of the Indrakiladri hills.

The growth of the town picked up momentum after the construction of a barrage and three irrigation canals namely Eluru, Ryvus and Bandar canals in 1855 and, the rail bridge over the river Krishna in 1892. The city experienced a modest growth in the pre- independence era; however, after independence the construction of road bridge over the river Krishna, establishment of South-Central Railway terminal, setting up of divisional headquarters, major government offices including district court, major institutions for higher education, major commercial and distributive trading activities, wholesale establishments, agricultural marketing centre and Jawahar autonagar industrial estate have brought a tremendous effect on the city’s growth.

Profile: Vijayawada, one of the thirty-five metropolitan cities in the country, is the third largest city in the state of Andhra Pradesh after Hyderabad and Visakhapatnam, located on banks of river Krishna. Vijayawada has considerable historical importance and cultural heritage. It is considered as the agricultural and commercial capital of Andhra Pradesh. The Vijayawada Urban Agglomeration has a population of 1.49 million as per 2011 census. Vijayawada Municipal Corporation is more than a century old and has been constituted as a municipality in 1888 with an area of 30 sq.km. It was upgraded as a Municipal Corporation in 1981. Vijayawada is a major railway junction connecting north and south India .The rail and road trunk route link Madras, Delhi, Calcutta and Hyderabad at Vijayawada, which is one of the largest railway, centres in South India. Vijayawada is a major tourist destination in the state having a number of pilgrimage and historical sites.

The most prominent ones being Prakasham Barrage, Kanaka Durga Temple, a 56 feet Stupa on the Gandhi Hill, a Planetarium and the Mogalrajapuram caves, which are in the entire south India. The other famous caves are the Undavalli caves, situated about 8 Kms from Vijayawada. These caves were built in 7th century A.D. Vijayawada is one of the educational centres in the state with large nuber of educational institutions including health universities and professional colleges. In recent years the industrial activities are increasing. The airport which is located at a distance of 25 kms is contributing to the city’s growth. Vijayawada urban agglomeration consists of Vijayawada Municipal Corporation (VMC), Mangalagiri municipality and four panchayats.

Demographics of Vijayawada [As per Census 2011] o Total population: 1, 04,9536 o Male population: 5, 24, 918 o Female population: 5, 24, 618 o Sex ratio: 997 females per 1, 000 males o Total child population (Within the age group of 0 year to 6 years): 92, 848 o Child population (Boys): 47, 582 o Child population (Girls): 45, 266 o Child sex ratio: 951 girls per 1, 000 boys o Total metropolitan or urban population: 1, 491, 202 o Metropolitan male population: 7, 50, 770 o Metropolitan female population: 7, 40, 432 o Number of literates: 7, 89, 038 o Number of male literates: 4, 11, 677 o Number of female literates: 3, 77, 361 o Rate of average literacy: 82.59 % o Rate of male literacy: 86.24 % o Rate of female literacy: 78.94 %

City Population: Vijayawada, thirty fourth largest urban agglomerations in the country, consists of the Vijayawada Municipal Corporation (VMC), The city has witnessed a rapid growth over the past five decades with an average decennial growth rate of 39.72 %. During the period 1981-91 the net growth has been about 51.9% attributed to a large influx of the rural population to the city. However, during the past decade1991-2011, the growth has stabilised with a decadal population growth of 20.4 %. The growth of population in Vijayawada municipal area during the last five census decades is given in table

Area in Sq Population Growth City km 1981 1991 2001 2011 Rate VIJAYAWADA 61.88 461772 701827 845217 1049536 20

Land use pattern and special growth: The ultimate land use structure of the Vijayawada urban area will be as presented in Table. The residential se is proposed to cover about 48% followed by transport and recreation uses. Within City Sno Land use Area % 1 Residential 3330.5 53.82 2 Commercial 273.71 4.42 3 Industrial 151.02 2.44 4 Institutional 405.29 6.55 5 Recreational 176.67 2.86 6 Transport 799.97 12.93 7 Water bodies 717.15 11.59 8 Hills 333.69 5.39 6188 100

Climate and geography: Vijayawada is surrounded by the Krishna river on the east and west and the Budameru River on the north. The northern, Northwestern, and Southwestern parts of the city are covered by a low range of hills, while the central, Southwestern and Northwestern parts are covered by rich and fertile agriculture lands with three major irrigation canals. The topography of Vijayawada is flat, with a few small to medium-sized hills. The Krishna river runs through the city. These hills are part of the Eastern Ghats cut through by the Krishna river. They have very low elevation compared to the average elevation of the ghats. Three canals originating from the north side of the Prakasam barrage reservoir, Eluru, Bandar and Ryves, run through the city.

Climate: The climate is tropical, with hot summers and moderate winters. The peak temperature reaches 49 °C (120 °F) in May-June, while the winter temperature is 17-25 C. The average humidity is 68% and the average annual rainfall is 965 milli metres (38.0 in). Vijayawada gets its rainfall from both the south-west monsoon and north-east monsoon. It's nicknamed "Blazewada" for its scorching summer heat by the Britishers

Industries: In Vijayawada city, agro based industrial activity is predominant in and around . The industrial base consists of solvent extraction plants, rice mills, oil and dal mills etc. There are two Industrial Estates in and around the city. Auto Nagar Industrial Estate, located in the Eastern part of the city, near Patamata, covering 340 acres, houses industrial units which are mostly small and medium in nature. The other estate is located at about 16 Kms from the city at Kondapalli. The total extent of the estate is 439 acres and comprises of 620 plots. The proposed developments in this estate are storage facilities for major oil companies and the land acquisition for the same is in progress. Other areas where industrial activities are concentrated, is on the periphery of the city, near Kanuru, with large units like solvent plants and other agro industries establishing base in the area. The presence of a Super Thermal Power Station near Vijayawada has a bearing on the industrial development of the region. The diverse economic activities has increased rapidly over the past few decades in various fields manifested in the influx of work force and a consequent growth in population.

Environmental Condition: The environmental infrastructure in the slums is very poor and most slums lack basic civic amenities like proper roads, drainage, protected water supply, streetlights and toilet facilities. Studies show that the most common diseases prevalent in slums include gastro-enteritis, Malaria, diarrhoea, malnutrition, ringworm etc.

Transportation: Vijayawada is well connected with most parts of the state and the country through roadways, railways and airways. It holds the distinction of being one of the major railway junctions in the state and is connected by the two National Highways - NH 5 connecting Chennai and Kolkata and NH 9. It can be said that no other city in Andhra Pradesh has such connectivity through the network of roads, rails and waterways.

Planning Zones and Wards The city has been divided into 3 Circles mainly for planning and management purpose. Further, the city remains subdivided into 59 wards. The ward wise population and area extent is given below

Planning Zones / Wards

Ward Extent In Population Covered Areas No. Sq.Km (2011) 1 5.01 17698 Carmel Nagar, Lenin Nagar, Gandhiji Colony, Urmila Nagar 2 4.36 26763 Bharathi Nagar, Currency Nagar, Vijaya Lakshmi Colony, Suba Rao Colony, Ap.I.I.C. Colony, Srinivasa Nagar Bank Colony, N.T.R. Colony, Gurunanak Colony. 3 1.82 27314 Cunadala, Christurajpuram, Veterinary Colony, Lic Colony, Film Colony, Jayaprakash Nagar, Loyola Gardens. 4 0.61 14049 Bthelham Nagar, Ludhu Nagar, Machavaram Hill. 5 0.51 15328 Machavaram, Maruthi Nagar, Seetaram Puram 6 0.57 160 Machavaram, Pragathi Public School Road 7 0.66 15888 Mogalarajpuram Hill Area, Christurajpuram Hill Area, Kasturibai Pet 8 1.15 19188 Patamata, Mogalarajpuram, Siddhartha Colony, Gayatri Nagar, K.O.Nagar, Teachers Colony. 9 1.39 15399 Postal Colony, R.R.Gardens, Auto Nagar, Maruthi Colony, Vasavya Colony, Income Tax Colony. 10 0.85 18995 New Rtc Colony, Krishna Nagar, Sanjai Gandhi Colony, Ayyappa Nagar, K.P.Nagar, Treasury Colony, Chowdarypet, Ashok Nagar Pandaripuram. 11 0.67 15685 Patamata, Santhi Nagar, J.D. Nagar, Lakshmipathi Nagar, Siva Sankar Nagar, New Rtc Colony, Electricity Colony, Ramadhooth Nagar. 12 0.56 16021 Patamata, Patamatalanka, Ambedkar Nagar, Poornachandra Rao Nagar, Darsipet – 1&2. 13 1.32 23701 Patamatalanka, Pakeergudem, Mogalrajpuram, Brundavan Colony, Cupth Colony, New Postal Colony, 14 3.20 29695 Balaji Nagar, Ramalingeswara Nagar. 15 0.31 8111 Ranigari Thota, Balaji Nagar,, Gunter Bapanaiah Nagar. 16 0.31 19468 Ranigari Thota 17 0.68 Labbipet, Punnamma Thota, Police Quarters. 18 0.54 7507 Giripuram, Woodpet, Badavapet, Labbipet, Sbi Colony. 19 0.54 12746 Suryaraopet, Kasturibaipet, Mogalrajpuram. 20 0.38 12769 Arunadalpet, Durga Agraharam, Seetarampuram. 21 1.46 12004 Governorpet, Suryaraopet 22 0.95 18761 Krishnalanka 23 1.05 23794 Krishnalanka 24 2.02 1147 Bramarambhapuram, Krishnalanka 25 0.81 13143 Mallikarjunapet 26 1.15 22179 Vidhyadarapuram, Sanjai Gandhi Labour Colony, Kamakoti Nagar. 27 1.85 20389 Bhavanipuram, Lorry Stand, Karakatta, Out Agency, Nulakapet. 28 1.27 33768 Priyadarsini Colony, H.B.Colony, (Phase-I, Ii, Iv) Bhavanipuram, Police Colony, Telephone Colony, Lalitha Nagar, Rama Nagar Huts, Milk Colony , Teachers Colony. 29 2.18 25341 Kabela, Rotary Nagar, Bhagathsingh Nagar, Brahmaiah Nagar Colony, R.R. Nagar, Joji Nagar, Yekalavya Nagar, Urmila Subba Rao Nagar, Iron Yard Colony, Kanak Durga Reddy Colony, Ramanagar Huts, Prasanthi Nagar. 30 0.92 20384 Lambadipet, Syndicate Bank Colony, Rajeev Sarma Nagar, Huttingarea. 31 0.42 22266 K.L.Rao Nagar, Railway Quarters. 32 0.23 15397 Kothapet. 33 0.5 22222 Ramaraja Nagar, 4 Pillors 34 0.3 16013 Kothapet, Srinivasamahal Area. 35 0.22 20730 Frizerpet, Tailor Pet, Gollapalem Gattu. 36 0.32 14275 Frizerpet, Wynchipet, Abothu Appanna Pakalau 37 0.21 16242 Wynchipet, Gollapalem Gattu 38 0.25 25052 Kothapet, Mallikarjunapet 39 0.48 14287 One Town 40 0.6 20443 Islampet, Police Quarters, Gandhiji Hill. 41 0.47 13534 Poornandam Pet, Baptistpalem 42 0.73 8928 Hanumanpet, Gandhi Nagar, Satyanarayana Puram 43 0.37 20604 Bavajipet, Durga Puram 44 0.72 11616 Railway Quarters 45 0.55 17766 Madhuranagar, Pasuputhota 46 0.36 15189 Srinagar Colony, Teachers Colony, Ambedkar Nagar. 47 0.41 15270 Satyanarayanapuram, Muthyalampadu 48 0.33 8676 Poornandampet, Kedareswrapet, Railway Line Huts. 49 0.56 12183 Rajarajeswaripet, Kamsalipet 50 0.31 8032 Kedareswarapet 51 0.69 13094 Ayodhyanagar, Ramalingeswarapet, Lotus Land Mark, Nandakuri Basava Taraka Nagar, Santhi Nagar. 52 4.21 16175 New Rajarajeswaripet, Arunodaya Nagar, Subbaraju Nagarm, Indra Naik Nagar, Nandamuri Nagar. 53 1.56 29308 Vijayadurga Nagar, Ramakrishnapuram, Devi Nagar, Ajithsingh Nagar. 54 0.35 12704 Ajithsingh Nagar 55 0.66 22442 Santhi Nagar, Ajithsingh Nagar, Vasista Colony, Kanakadurga Layout, Prabha Colony, Andhra Patrika Colony, Andhra Jyothi. 56 1.40 17966 Old Payakapuram, Prasanthi Nagar, Devineni Gandhi Puram, Vambay Colony. 57 1.40 11894 Payakapuram. L.B.S.Nagar, Patel Nagar. 58 1.33 778 Radhanagar, Sundharaiah Nagar, Rajeev Nagar, Vaddera Colony, Uda Colony, Visalandra Layout, Doctor Layout, Ngos Layout, A Colony. 59 2.84 35954 Kundavari Kandrika Village, N.S.C.Bose Nagar, Prajasakthi Nagar, Barma Colony. Total 61.88 1049536

2. Hazard, Risk and Vulnerability Assessment – Hazard may be defined as “a dangerous condition or event, that threat or have the potential for causing injury to life or damage to property or the environment.” The word ‘hazard’ owes its origin to the word ‘hasard’ in old French and ‘az-zahr’ in Arabic meaning ‘chance’ or ‘luck’. Hazards can be grouped into two broad categories namely natural and manmade. 1. Natural hazards are hazards which are caused because of natural phenomena (hazards with meteorological, geological or even biological origin). Examples of natural hazards are cyclones, tsunamis, earthquake and volcanic eruption which are exclusively of natural origin. Landslides, floods, drought, fires are socio-natural hazards since their causes are both natural and man made. For example flooding may be caused because of heavy rains, landslide or blocking of drains with human waste.2. Manmade hazards are hazards which are due to human negligence. Manmade hazards are associated with industries or energy generation facilities and include explosions, leakage of toxic waste, pollution, dam failure, wars or civil strife etc. VMC-UNDP has assigned the task to Risk Management Solution Inc[RMSI] a leading agency based in New Delhi, the agency has started assessment in the Vijayawada city, a consultation meeting on study methods and approaches has been shared in January’2014. The RMSI team has completed had started series of meeting with core departments, institutions and community for information , authentication and analysis of previous disasters to correlate the and projections for future threats. The RMSI will be shared initial findings with core departments to ascertain the key findings, based on the feedback and inputs the agency will further develop the Hazard Risk plan for Vijayawada city.

[KEY RECOMMENDATIONS BY RMSI WILLBE TAKEN AND INCOPORATE IN THE CDMP AND APPROPRIATE MITIGATION MEASURE WILL BE PLANNED ACCORDINGLY IN CONSULTATION/CONVERGENCE WITH LINE DEPARTMENTS FOCUSING CORE SECTORS]

Strategy:  need more updated quantitative as well as qualitative data on Hazards, vulnerability, capacities, potential risks  Climate change aspects needs to be captured as it is a growing city

The following google map shared by RMSI in Vijayawada city, which has marked with boundaries and divisions demarcation as part of the HRVA study.

The most common hazards facing by Community, the hazard specific action plan will be shared

VULNERABLE DIVISION/WARDS VIJAYAWADA CITY S.No. Vulnerability Type Circle Division No Area 1 29 Rotary nagar, Ekalavya Nagar 2 Urmila Subbaro Nagar, Ambedkar Road 29 Budameru Flooding 3 27 Ambedkar Road 4 Housingboard Colony, Labor Colony, 28 Ramanagar 1 Krishna Flooding 26 Lanchi Revu 2 27 Karakatta 1 Aggipettela Vaari Veedhi I 33 2 Sithara Theatre (Church Road) 29

3 30 Kl Rao Nagar Hill Slides/loose 4 31 Deendayalngar, Ambedkar nagar earth boulders 5 32 Katikala Masthan Veedhi 6 Potulaadiyyaveedhi, Dokkara Papaya 34 Veedhi 7 25 Mallikarjuna Peta Total 7 9 1 36 Deenadayal Nagar, Ambedkar Nagar 2 49 3 52 Arunodaya Nagar, Devinagar 4 55 Indira Nayak Nagar, Kana 5 RK Puram, Vijayadurga Nagar, 53 Devinagar

6 Budameru Flood 2 51 Ayodhya Nagar 7 57 Patel Nagar 8 Old Rajeev Nagar, VUDA Colony, New 58 Rajeev Nagar 9 Radha Nagar, Prajasakthi Nagar, 59 Kandrika Bose Nagar (NSC ) 10 54 Singh Nagar 11 56 Vambey Colony 1 Budameru Flood Sangam Road, Gandhiji Colony, Karmel 1 Nagar, Joseph Nagar 1 14 Police Colony 2 15 Bhoopesh Gupta Nagar, Krishna Flood 3 3 16 Taraka rama Nagar 4 22,23 Ranadheer Nagar 5 BusStand (back) Saibaba Temple 24

1 Vijayanagar Colony, Arun Nagar 3

2 Ramalayaveedhi, Venkata Swami Hill Slides 6 Veedhi 3 Kasthuribaipeta, Khaja yalamanda 19 Veedhi

ABSTRACT Total Number of Vulnerable Division: 35 No of Division affecting Flooding with Krishna River:8 No of Division affecting Flooding with Budameru Ruver:17 No of Division affecting with Landslides/hillslides: 10

Population in Vulnerable Divisions as per 2011 censes

Sl. Division No Division/wards Males Females Total No. Number families Saibaba temple, 1 24 8905 8753 17658 4415 Busstand backside 2 Mallikarjunapeta 25 6573 6570 13143 3286

3 Lanchirevu 26 11105 11074 22179 5545 Ambedkar Road, 4 27 10322 10067 20389 5097 Karakatta HB Colony, Labor 5 28 17123 16645 33768 8442 Colony, Ramnagar Rotary Nagar,Ekalavya nagar, Urmila subbarao 6 29 12735 12606 25341 6335 Nagar, Ambedkar road, Sitara Theatre 7 KL Rao Nagar 30 10143 10239 20382 5096 Deendayal nagar, 8 31 11043 11223 22266 5567 Ambedkar nagar 9 Katikalamastan veedhi 32 7662 7735 15397 3849

10 Aggipetalavari veedhi 33 10994 10676 21670 5418 Potulaadiyya veehi, 11 34 7965 8048 16013 4003 DokkaraPapayya veedhi Deendayal nagar, 12 36 7205 7070 14275 3569 Ambedkar nagar Sangam Road, Gandhi 13 colony,Karmel nagar, 1 8523 9175 17698 4425 Joseph nagar 14 Ayodhya Nagar 51 6497 6597 13094 3274 Arunodayanagar, 15 52 8003 8172 16175 4044 Devinagar Rkpuram, 16 Vijyadurnagar, 53 14376 14362 28738 7185 Devinagar 17 Singnagar 54 6292 6412 12704 3176

18 Indiaranaik nagar, kana 55 11093 11349 22442 5611

19 Vambay Colony 56 8812 9154 17966 4492

20 Patel Nagar 57 5891 6003 11894 2974 Old Rajiv Nagar,New 21 Rajiv Nagar, VUDA 58 3028 3140 6168 1542 colony Rajanagar, 22 Prajasakthinagar, 59 17893 18061 35954 8989 Kandrikabosenagar[NSC] Vijayanagar Colony 23 3 14325 12989 27314 6829 Arunanagar Ramalaya Veedhi, 24 6 7497 7373 14870 3718 Venkata Swamy veedhi

25 Police colony 14 14912 14783 29695 7424

26 Bhupesh Guptanagar 15 4096 4015 8111 2028

27 Taraka Rama Nagar 16 9941 9526 19468 4867 Kasturiba veedhi, 28 19 2043 1936 3979 995 Khajayalamandaveedhi 29 Ranadheernagar 22 9447 9314 18761 4690

30 Ranadheernagar 23 11895 11899 23794 5949 Saibaba temple, 31 24 8354 8157 16519 4130 Busstand backside Vijayawada Municipal 286339 284966 571314 142829 Corporation

 Root maps to rehabilitation centers/safe zones  List of community halls/rehabilitation centers

2. Prevention and Preparedness Plans - Plan preparation at wards, Emergency operation centre, capacity building for response as well as prevention and mitigation, techno- legal rules and compliance mechanism In view of increasing multi hazards scope of the city, based on the previous exposure of various disasters with different frequency and severity in nature reflecting loss of lives and livelihoods the mitigation plan to be prepared focusing vulnerable divisions by involving institutions and community in the city. Thus plan includes hazard specific prevention and mitigation plans, early warning systems and building knowledge base of the concerned population in the area. Since CDMP is concerned with the many hazards to which the city zens may be exposure before, during, and after disaster occurs, responsible authorities operate in accordance with five phases of disaster management;

1. Prevention – Preventive action are taken to avoid an incident or to intervene to stop an incident from occurring. Such actions are primarily applicable to frequent incidents. They may include the application of intelligence and other information to a range of activities that may include deterrence, heightened security for potential areas, public health surveillance etc. 2. Mitigation – Actions may be taken to eliminate or reduce the impact of a disaster. Such measures include zoning and land use measures, formulating and enforcing building codes that recognize the hazards faced by the community, public education about hazards and protective measures, hazard and vulnerability analysis and preventative health care 3. Preparedness – Actions may be taken in advance of a disaster to develop operational capabilities and help communities respond to and recover from a disaster. Such measures include undertaking the community based disaster preparedness activities, construction and equipping of EOC with warning and communication systems, recruitment and training of emergency management personal, development of plans, procedures, arrangements, and agreements and exercises of personnel and systems 4. Response – Response actions are taken before, during or after disaster/disaster to save lives minimize damages and enhance recovery operational. Such measures include activation of emergency operation centers/control room, plans and procedure, arrangements and agreements, the emergency alert system, public warning, notification of public officials, provision of mass care, shelter, search and rescue and security. 5. Recovery – Recovery actions are taken over the short term to return vital life support systems to minimum standards, and long term to return life to normal or improved levels. Such measures include damage assessment, supplemental assistance to individuals and public entities, assessments of plan, procedures, arrangements, and agreements and the development of economic impact studies and methods to mitigate damages.

Potential hazards in Vijayawada City: Each hazard shall explains history, affected areas, reasons for impact and mitigation measures etc  Floods –Krishna floods and Budamedru floods  cyclone  Landslides/rock slides  Earth quake  Fire accidents  Health epidemics  Weather extremity [temperature and precipitation] – special focus

Climate change needs to be captured as it is a growing city; Climate variability and climate change brings additional challenges with a growing number and variety of impacts in Vijayawada city. Climate change refers to the expected substantial changes in our climate that could directly be related to a human induced increase in Green House Gas emissions (GHG). Climate change is likely to cause sea level rise, storm surges, extreme rain events, heat waves, heat island effect, water scarcity and worsening air quality in cities. Climate Change may also lead to greater frequency and severity of hydro-meteorological hazards, that is the hazards related to floods, landslides or rockslides, storms, extreme temperatures and water scarcity. The visible impact of micro climate of city is due to emission from Vijayawada Thermal Power Plant, emissions from automobiles and emission from solid waste apart from huge track of paddy field where in substantial Methane will release that may like impact on extremity of the local climate. There is need to address with appropriate mitigation measure to reduce the climate change impact on city population.

Key strategies:  Collection of Data base on climate extremity [temperature, rainfall and health issues]  HRVA study findings and recommendations  Study and data based from excepts of Urban and Peri urban Environmental base [resources status including flora, fauna and land use etc]  Health Impact and mitigation of climate extremity aspects  Mitigation measures under Climate Change  Recommendations to contain the impact of Solid waste Management and Emissions from VTPS in the City

Emergency Operating Center: EOC City Disaster Response & Information centre aims for an effective and realistic City Disaster Management Plan with full proof communication, accurate database in order tomake optimal utilization of Men, Material and Resources to prevent the loss to lives as well as minimize the loss of property ensuring fastest restoration of the situations. EOC under the control of MC, which will be operational round the clock and is the nerve center for the following activities;  To monitor, coordinate, and implement the actions/activities for effective disaster responses as well as management of available resources  In a disaster time, the EOC will operate under the central authority of MC exercising emergency power to issue directives to all departments to provide emergency response services  EOC will coordinate with the District and State Disaster response machinery like SDMA for appropriate support and smooth flow of information  EOC will be manned round the clock for emergency responses  EOC will be placed in the Emergency sector of the VMC EOC shall be in overall charge of the Municipal Commissioner, in the absence of the MC, AC[G] or Emergency Officer on duty at that point of time shall remain in charge of EOC. The person in charge of the EOC shall be personally responsible for implementation of the Standard Operating Procedure[SOP]. He shall be responsible to take all important decisions.

3. Response Plans- Standard Operating procedures for the individual departments and Emergency Support function teams, Incident Response system ;  Response mechanism and  Standard Operating Procedure – Early warning, Search & rescue, First aid  Division of work among key departments at VMC and coordination meeting -Engineering -Chief Medical Health Officer -Revenue -Town Planning -Nodal Officer-UNDP -Other line departments – Irrigation, Police, Revenue and Health

4. Mitigation Plans including steps to Mainstreaming DM concerns into development plans/ programs/ projects

Mitigation Plans Pre-disaster planning consists of activities such as disaster mitigation and disaster preparedness. Disaster mitigation focuses on the hazard that causes the disaster and tries to eliminate or drastically reduce its direct effects. The preparedness focuses on plans to respond to disaster threat or occurrences. It takes into account an estimation of emergency needs and identifies the resources to meet the needs. The objective of the Preparedness is to reduce the disaster impact through appropriate actions and improve the capacity of those who are likely to be affected most. The second is to ensure that ongoing development continues to improve the capacities and capabilities of the system to strengthen preparedness efforts at community level. Finally, it guides reconstruction so as to ensure reduction in vulnerability.

The City disaster management plan will outline the mitigation plan of the core heads of department including Engineering, Health, Education, Fire, Community development and Irrigation etc. The core departmental plans will be mainstream focusing the National flagship programs of the city. Mitigation plan should include action points with fund allocation, time frame for periodic review and implementation.

Specific Disaster Mitigation measures:

 Floods  Cyclone  Land slides  Earth quake  Sold Waste Management  Health epidemics  Climate extremity [temperature and precipation]  Fires

5. Cross-cutting Issues – which includes gender, inclusiveness, focusing vulnerable people such as children, women and disable etc  Issues like gender, social inequalities transparency, etc. should be addressed as per the current data base

6. Partnership between stakeholders- NGOs, Academic institutions, training institutions others- roles and responsibilities The coordination and convergence is need one of core strategy to face any disasters in the city, the partnership includes among and between various core departments, Institutions, NGOs and Community based organization. The core primary and secondary stakeholders would be identified and outlines their roles and responsibility in emergency. The VMC-UNDP would facilitate to strengthen the capacities of the key stakeholders in the City.

7. Financial Arrangements- Preparedness, Response, Mitigation The City Disaster Management Plan to operationalize in the vulnerable location periodically by simulation of the hazard event, which will not only helpful in effective implementation of the plan and learning would be helpful in emergency situation. The City Disaster Management Authority shall allocate resources for operation and strengthen the emergency system in the field.

8. Disaster specific Action Plans- scenario based planning The City multi hazard exposure is reflecting need of the Disaster Specific Action plan instead of generic City Disaster Management Plan as tool for action. Each disaster scenario and exposure will be discussed and area of impact, projections of the intensity and loss of lives and livelihoods etc. The micro plan of each disaster such as floods, cyclone, landslides, fire, health hazards and climate extremity would be development with appropriate achievable action plan. The concerned key stakeholders would be given capacity in effective management of the concerned disaster in the city.  Sub plans for Floods, Cyclones, Landslides, Health epidemics and Fire hazards would be prepared and shall be handy to quick action by Secondary stakeholders

9. Review and up-dation of Plan and ward Plans,  Review and upto date the City Disaster Management Plan and Ward plans  Finding required inputs for strengthening the plan  Update Mitigation measure to reduce the impact of risk  To work out capacity building plan  Technological updation if any

10. Coordination and implementation mechanism The City Disaster Management Agency has formed in 2011 in the City, the primary aim of the committee is to have proper coordination among all the line departments. The Convenor of the CDMP is Municipal Commissioner, city level coordination under his guidance. The CDMA exist to assist VMC in viewing the threats of disasters.  To analyse the vulnerability of the city to such disasters  Evaluating the preparedness and  Considering suggestions for the improvement of the City Disaster Management Plan The primary responsibility of the committee is:  To educate the public on different hazards and what protective steps should be taken  To make arrangements for emergency action  To effect evacuation from ward community when necessary  Rescue and rehabilitation  Review post flood/cyclone/earthquake and other calamity CITY DISASTER MANAGEMENT AGENCY - COMMITEE To deal with natural and manmade disasters effective Coordination and Communication are key strategies for swift action in emergency. City Disaster Management Committee at VMC shall facilitate coordination with Heads of Departments in the City to for effective implementation disaster specific action plan to manage disaster by initiating preparedness by application of SOP through effective community system. The effective coordination between and among key secondary stakeholders and primary stakeholders as outlines in the Standards Operating Procedure, which will facilitate smooth function and implementation of the City and Ward plans. At community level, VMC shall coordinate with Circle offices through networking with wards disaster management committees and NGOs to make face emergency arise in the city. Key strategies:

 Communication system with SDMA  Coordination system with DDMA and CDMA  Operationlization of Early Warning System at VMC  Short Message System to concerned officers/key primary stakeholders at VMC  Coordination system with Centre Water Commission and IMD communication

The agency will function as the main decision making cum advisory body for the City vulnerability reduction. This body will be at the apex of all initiatives for the vulnerability reduction in the city within jurisdiction of the Vijayawada Municipal Corporation. The areas of concern for the committee will be;

 Creating awareness among Government functionaries, technical institutions, NGOs, CBOs, and communities about hazards and vulnerability reduction and possible preventive actions  Capacity building for certification by Government functionaries and professionals  Development and institutionalizing of Hazard specific preparedness and response plan and practices through mock drills  Development of a regularoty framework [techno-legal regime] to promote ssafe construction and systems to ensure compliance  Networking knowledge on best practices and tools and for effective hazard risk management, including creation of information systems containing inventory of resources for emergency operations  Creating awareness among Government functionaries, technical institutions, NGOs and communities about hazard vulnerability and possible preventive actions. For this planning and implementation of awareness campaign strategies through workshop/seminars/meetings/consultations and development of IEC materials and local methods of awareness generation programs  Capacity building of various stakeholders for urban vulnerability reduction  Regular consultations with various agencies such as urban local bodies, NGOS, practicing engineers, architects, real estate developers builders and contractors etc  Developing response structure from ward to city level, formation of city and ward level Disaster Management teams and specialized training of Disaster Management teams at ward and city levels along with Preparedness drills at city ward levels  Coordination and linkages and integrate disaster management features with development plans of the city

Standard Operating procedures: City Disaster Management Committee SOP for all departments/agencies

SOP Preparedness; - Convene meetings with City Disaster Management Committee - Update the CDMP and DM plan - Maintain and activate the Control room at Circle offices - Check upon inventory of resources - Check the supplies of food grains through the PDS - Prepare a list of relief items to be distributed - Prepare a transportation plan for supply of relief items - Prepare an evacuation plan for the wards which are marooned/devastated - Prepare list of transit/temporary shelters, check upon their suitability for accommodating people - Convene meetings with NGOS in the city and assign them specific responsibilities for relief, recovery and rehabilitation - Coordinate with Police, NDRF and Revenue towards rescue, evacuation and relief during disaster

Annexures: SOPs for different disasters, support data- resources- equipments, skilled human resource, telephone numbers

 SOP of the Heads of Department in VMC  SOP for City Line departments  SOP for different disasters  SOP for climatic hazards and extremity  Maps of hazard prone areas of Vijayawada  List of Volunteer organization in Vijayawada city  List of Ward Disaster Management Committee  Database for resources, equipments and human resources  List of emergency contact numbers of City

WAY FORWORD: Road Map for preparation of CDMP

 Presentation of CDMP frame work for approval for preparation of plan by VMC, SDMA and UNDP  Consultations with Core departments for finalization of SOP [VMC & Other Line Depts]  Assigning task to Expert for preparing actionable CDMP  Coordination with line departments for information, data base on current and potential hazards based on previous exposure  Recommendations would be framed into action plans for Early Warning System, HRVA, City Climate Extremity [Cyclone, Storm surge , Floods & Temperature] and budget estimation  Mainstreaming into City National Flag schemes [ Health, Education, Transport & Infrastructure]  Sharing of draft City Disaster Management Plan 2014 with DDMA/SDMA & UNDP  Disaster Specific Micro Plan for immediate access and handy [focusing Floods, Cyclone, Land slides, Fire & Health epidemics]  Testing plan in any vulnerable division/s for trial  Feedback and data validation with previous reference  Presentation of final CDMP to VMC  Incorporating Capacity building plan and Mitigation plan with timeline  Printing document and sharing with key stakeholders

*Based on the frame work – academic expert will be engaged in preparation of CDMP with support of UNDP & VMC[Expertise resources will be leverage from Koneru Lakshmaiah University and Vijayawada Urban Development Authority]

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VIJAYAWADA CDMP CONSULTATIONS

6. ANNEXURES

1. List of vulnerable areas Vulnerable areas

Vulnerability Area Circle Division/ population area Lanchi Revu 1 26 22179 1.15 Karakatta 27 20389 1.88

Police colony 14 29695 2.81

Krishna Flood Bhupesh Gupta 15 8111 0.65 nagar, Tarakaramanagar 16 19468 0.5 Randheevi Nagar 22 18761 1.46 23 23794 0.72 Bus stand 24 16519 1.92 (back) Saibaba temple 3 11.09

2.List of Budameru flood effected areas

Vulnerability Area Circle Division/ population area Rotary nagar, 1 Ekalayvya nagar,Urmila 29 25341 0.64 Budameru subbarao Floods nagar,ambedkar road,Kabela

KLRao Nagar 30 20382 Deenadayal Nagar,Ambedkar 31 22266 nagar Ambedkar Road 27 20389 Housingboard colony, Labor 28 33768 colony

2 Deenadayal Nagar,Ambedkar 36 14275 0.33 nagar Old RR Peta 49 11925 0.56 New RR peta, Arunodya nagar, 52 16175 4.21 Tammina Durga Rao Nagar, Nandamuri Nagar Indira nayak Nagar, Kanakadurga 55 11249 0.65 Nagar, Andhra Patrika Colony 2 RK Puram, Vijayadurga 53 28738 1.56 nagar,Devinagar Ayodhya nagar 51 13094 0.68 LBS Nagar,Patel 57 11894 0.44 nagar Old Rajeev Nagar, Vaddera Colony, VUDA 58 6168 1.39 colony,New Rajeev nagar Radha Nagar,Prajasakthi 59 35954 2.71 Nagar,Kandrika Bose Nagar(NSC Singh Nagar 54 12704 0.35 Vambey Colony 56 17966 1.36 Sangam Road, Gandhiji colony,Karmel 1 17698 5.93 Nagar, Joseph Nagar

3.Landslides affected areas

Vulnerability Area Circle Division/ population area Ramarajya 1 33 21670 0.52 Nagar,aggipettela vaari veedhi Sithara Theatre 29 35341 Hill slides (Church Road) Lanmbadi peta 30 20382 0.98 Tannerpeta 31 22266 0.42 Katikala Masthan 32 15397 0.17 veedhi Potulaadiyyaveedhi, 34 16013 0.41 dokkara papaya 25 13143 0.8 veedhi mallikarjun peta vijayanagar 3 27314 1.91 colony,Arun nagar Ramalayaveedhi, 6 0.57 venkata swami 14870 veedhi Kasthuribhaipeta, 19 0.63 Khaja yalamanda veedhi 3979

1. No. of Krishna Flood effected wards : 8 2. No. of Budamer flood effected wards : 18 3. No. of Land slide effected wards : 10 ------Total wards affected in Vijayawada city : 36 ------II. Climate Risk Management Project Concept Note:

In view of increasing risk exposure of the Urban areas and often experienced by climate change and variability in the State of Andhra Pradesh. Considering the impending threats to the urban areas near future in the state, the Vijayawada City is selected as one among the six cities in India for implementation of Climate Risk Management Project on pilot basis under the framework of Urban Disaster Risk Reduction project of GOI-UNDP. The new project is being funded by USAID with the objectives of the project are to:

1. Reduce disaster risk in urban areas by enhancing institutional capacities to integrate climate risk reduction measures in development programs as well as to undertake mitigation activities based on scientific analyses, and 2. Enhance community capacities to manage climate risk in urban areas by enhancing the preparedness.

It is fact that hydro-meteorological hazards have enormous impacts on socio-economic systems reflecting floods, storms, heat waves endangering human lives, disrupt livelihood systems, and derail the process of social and economic development. In addition to human hazards have been increasing due to many socio-economic factors. Climate variability and climate change may compound the severity of risks, as it is expected to alter the frequency and complexity of climate hazards. The project aims to enhance the capacities of institutions and city dwellers and to adapt to climate change and manage climate risks. The core components of the project are:

 City Disaster Management Plan – revision in the context of Climate Risk Management  Hazard Risk & Vulnerability Assessment – review with the support of experts  Capacity building of stakeholders [trainings on urban risk reduction & mitigation]  Strengthening Early Warning system [emergency response & communication]  Sector plan to mainstream DRR & Climate change adaptation and Mitigation  Knowledge Management – sharing various knowledge products on climate issues in the web portal

In the implementation of the project, the core interventions need to re-look the city profile, demography, resources, geo-graphical, social, economic and environmental perspective. The project implementation strategy focus to considerate the valuable feedback and suggestions from the expert groups outlined during Workshop conducted on ‘Climate Risk Management’ project in last December’12

Brief geographical profile of the City:

Vijayawada climate is very much dependant on the geography with a river flowing through it, the Indrakeeladri hills on the west and the Budameru river in the north, the northern, north-western and south-western parts of city are covered by range of hills. Moreover, overall the climate of the city is tropical one with hot summer, humid and moderate winter. The city receives good amount of rainfall from South-West & North-East Monsoon.

With inhabiting population of more than 1million in the Vijayawada City and a largest commercial center in the State of Andhra Pradesh and interconnected to many cities and there is important Railway junction connecting north & south India. The city is divided into 59 political wards for administration spread over 59 sq kms. in the city there are 105 slum pockets with more than 3 lakh poor population in habiting, most of the slums are on the banks of the river Krishna and its canal system. Out of the 59 city wards, it is found that 35 wards have vulnerability due to due to spatial location and internal systems of accessing basic amenity to the vulnerable population such as physical and social infrastructure etc. There are three industrial estates in the city [Kondpalli, Kanur and Autonagar] the emissions may likely to cause fuel to the climate variability which need to look into. There are two perspectives in implementation of the project: a] Focus the gaps in Urban Risk Reduction program in the Climate Change Adaptation outline b] New initiatives proposed in the CRM project consider the frame work of AP State Action Plan on Climate Change. It is envisaged that some of the Potential threats to Vijayawada City due to climate change and climate variability:  Floods/flash floods  Cyclone intensification  Extreme temperate variations  Hazard risk due to waste disposal including hospital waste  Health hazard [malaria, dengue, chickengunea & JE etc]  Vehicle/industrial emission  Landslides in hilly regions  Human made hazards including terror  Fire accidents [natural/accidental]  Falls on Earth quake zone

The community/stakeholders have to prepare for mitigation and adaptation to climate variability to minimize the potential impact of climate change on the Vijayawada City dwellers. With enhance capacities the institutions/stakeholders can put efforts in management of disasters and mainstreaming Climate Risk Management into their plans so to create space for safer living in the city.

III.Note on Early Warning System: EARLY WARNING SYSTEM: Vijayawada city landscape is marked by undulating small and medium sized hillocks with extensive plain lands between them. The City is situated along banks of the river Krishna, affecting regular floods due to Krishna and Budameru stream and occasionally facing storm surges due to impact of Cyclone. Population residing on the hill slopes are vulnerable to frequent hill slides/landslides. There are large numbers of incidences of fire during summer months when the ambient temperature is high further City falls under Earth Quake Zone-III where in likely moderate to high damage declared by Govt of India. With these natural and man-made hazardous/vulnerability, City is exposed to multi hazard risk profile and considered most vulnerable in terms disasters.

The city is divided into 59 Municipal divisions for administrative management wherein found that 36 divisions/wards facing multiple hazards and vulnerability. The rapid growth of population and urbanization has led to the increase in demand for land within the city area and expansion of the city along the peri-urban areas and settlement on vulnerable zones. The unplanned settlements, inefficient legislation, unsafe building practices and disorganized public services has been increased in recent year, people of Vijayawada further expose to other hazards such as transport accidents, building collapse, blocking drainage system etc, .

What is Early Warning System?: The set of capacities needed to generate and disseminate timely and meaningful warning information to enable individuals, communities and organizations threatened by a hazard to prepare and to act appropriately and in sufficient time to reduce the possibility of harm or loss.

Importance of Strengthening Early Warning System in Vijayawada:

GOI-UNDP Urban Risk Reduction project in partnership with Central and State Government has taken up Early Warning System is one of the key interventions for Disaster Preparedness and Mitigation in the City. In the process, has conducted study in Vijayawada City with the aim to identify the key hazards that are of immediate concern and the areas of vulnerability where the Early Warning System may be needed. The study method includes field visits, data collection, consultations with line departments and references of multiple sources of National and International Organizations. It is found in sample population that 38% population satisfied with the performance of existing EWS in emergency and 62% are suggested on improvement in the system of Early Waning to issue timely warning to minimize the impact on lives and livelihoods in the city in the wake of any unprecedented disasters. The key recommendations of study for improvement in early warning (EW) systems play a critical role in saving lives and critical livelihood assets. The tasks in reaching to the communities with useful and actionable messages seem to be a challenge.

In the implementation of UNDP Climate Risk Management Project through Disaster Preparedness and Management in Vijayawada City, Strengthening Early Warning System is one of the core intervention, the effective EWS play a critical role in saving lives and critical livelihood assets in the City. The series of consultation meetings with key stakeholders have been conducted in months of August’13 & September’13 by sharing EWS study suggestions, recommendations and proposed action to implement plans by leveraging resources from the Departments [Irrigation, Revenue, Fire, Transport & VMC].

In implementation of Urban Risk Reduction under Disaster Management in the City during last phase of GoI-UNDP project, it is found the gaps in EWS system revealed in a study conducted in the City under Disaster Preparedness & Management by expert team. The key recommendations for improvement in early warning (EW) system, the tasks in reaching to the communities with useful and actionable messages seem to be a challenge. In a post-cyclone studies on Early Warning, India report found that the early warning given are often general information on the magnitude of the hazard, without correlating it to vulnerability of particular location, and the messages are non-actionable nor effective. So, often what is being lost is translating the information relating to hazard, into a message that meets vulnerabilities and exposure to the hazard, with a meaningful link to preparedness mechanisms in place, then EW becomes meaningful and actionable. India’s disaster preparedness teams snapped into action, pre-positioning emergency response teams and supplies, and evacuating nearly a million people, thus saving countless lives. VMC has been conducted series of awareness campaigns and trainings to primary and secondary stakeholders on Disaster Preparedness and Management focusing Disasters understanding disasters, types of disasters, First aid, Evacuation, School safety program and Preparedness and Management. CBDRM also facilitated mock drills, technical inputs to engineers and preparation of action plans for face emergency situations. Now VMC has equipped with City Disaster Management Plan, list of hazard zoning, profile of vulnerable population, Infrastructure and expert team including trained volunteers etc. It is proved that EWS play key role in mitigation of disasters, time has come to strengthen existing EWS system at Emergency Operating Centre at VMC, as recommended by Experts to overcome not only natural disaster but frequency man-made haphazard.

System proposed to establish at VMC;

It is proposed to establish facility to disseminate disaster warning message: As it is recommended in the EWS study by expert; this system will be based on

 SMS based Early Warning System – in the process of establishment at VMC  Voice broadcasting using telephone/cell phone link  Very High Frequency based last mile connectivity  Portal based information dissemination [website] SMS: Short Message Service is the text communication service component of phone, web, or mobile communication system using standardized communications protocols that allow the exchange of short text messages between mobile phone devices

Software package to send bulk SMS to key stakeholders: customized software can be utilized that has essential feature to record information regarding any incident such as:

 Type of incident [cyclone, flood, fire and landslides etc]  Place of incident [likely wards/divisions/areas]  Details of person who has to reported the incident [key line officer]

The information will provide dropdown feature listing all contacts names, phone numbers, email IDs responsible local agencies and authorities as per laid down procedure, for the purpose of disseminating the information to initiative suitable response. The software will enable persons manning control room to send SMS alert to the desired contact or user group. The emergency management system for disaster warning messages can use the system described above by cell phone numbers of persons responsible for disaster dissemination of warnings to local people in respective location. The text message can be created in the system and this can be sent via Short Messaging System [SMS] facility available in cell phone networks.

Expected Outcome/results:

In the Implementation of Climate Risk Management Project in the City have been given series of awareness camps, field visits, trainings and consultations on Disaster Preparedness and Management and further identified volunteers in all the 36 vulnerable wards [approximately 400 volunteers have been identified and oriented on disaster preparedness and management particularly climate induced disasters and impact of Climate Change] In the proposed SMS system, covering Circle Officers, UCD project team and Division Volunteers, all to get emergency message at one go on any emergency matter concerned. It is expecting the proposed SMS system of EWS, cover more than 500 volunteers + VMC core field staff] to get SMS through EWS system managing at VMC Emergency Operating Center [103]. With the emergency message the officers, volunteers can gear up and mobilize vulnerable population in the City on disaster/s so as to minimize the impact of disaster in the City [Cyclone, Floods, Earth quake, Land slide, Health hazard and Fire incident etc]

IV. Note on Mock drills:

Vijayawada city is prone to various hazards both natural and manmade, common hazards facing City consist of flash floods, cyclone, storm surge, landslides, fire incidents, health epidemics etc, further the city falls under zone-III Earthquake category which is likely to face moderate intensity impact. Considering vulnerability of City profile and multi hazardous nature, VMC has been implementing Disaster Management project for Preparedness and Management with the support of GoI-UNDP and under the program, series of capacity building activities have been conducted for Primary and Secondary stakeholders, including preparation of City Disaster Management Plan & identified vulnerable locations.

VMC is also facilitating institutional strengthening on Disaster Management and putting concerted efforts to reduce vulnerability through various development projects [as part of City Development Plan]. Further VMC and Line departments are being geared up to face natural disasters or overcome any eventuality arises due to various hazardous, make Standard Operating Procedure to be follows, periodical review on Disaster Mitigation plans and Inter-department coordination and specify the roles and responsibility of Officers and Community which have been proved success many times particularly witnessed during 2009 & 2010 floods and flash floods.

In Disaster Management program, City emergency plan up-dation, periodical mock drills were conducted by VMC to test the alertness, check capacity management line department on various hazards and community on disaster preparedness. Now an event [Mock drill] is planned, to trial and test the efficacy of City Disaster Management Plan which is prepared by VMC, to make the plan into operational and by testing in the field [Wards/Divisions].This may not only sensitize the community on Preparedness but gaps/learning would helpful City administration in future course of action on effective Disaster Management in the City.

A Mock Drill is a demonstration event that test the efficacy of Disaster Management Plan and alertness of City administration in emergency, Mock Drill means Practicing of something that can happen in future so that can be easily deal with in actual. The drill's motive is to check the preparedness of the agencies in the event of a major disaster [floods, cyclone or earth quake]. City administration, can create a number of simulated situations like the cyclone/heavy raining, flooding areas, collapse of building and fire accident etc OBJECTIVES:

 To see awareness levels on Disaster Preparedness and effectiveness of the vulnerable population/community who is likely to be affected [by creating a pre-disaster situations]  To build up courage and confidence among volunteers [Disaster Mitigation Team] and people through performance of emergency services such as first aid and evacuation  To sensitize the employees of departments to react for any unforeseen emergency situations like floods, cyclone, earthquake etc  To reach and demonstrate life saving and rescue techniques to make them life savers.  To identify gaps/lacuna in the mock performance for further strengthen City emergency plan [CDMP]

To ensure proper execution of a Mock drill exercise/event, the roles and responsibilities of the concerned staff, volunteers and youth as well as the departments like Fire services, Police/home guards and Civil defence should be precisely defined and the standard operating procedures (SOPs) should be clearly understood by everyone.

SITUATION:

A MESSAGE IS RECEVIED FROM INDIAN METERIODICAL DEPARTMENT/CENTRAL WATER COMMISSION STATING THAT “AN AREA NEAR KRISHNA RIVER BANK IS LIKELY TO BE FLOODING WITHIN A TWO/FOUR HOURS” WHAT KIND OF ACTIONS/PREPAREDNESS TO BE TAKEN BY STAKEHOLDERS?

OR

INDIAN METERIOLOGICAL DEPARTMENT IS ISSUED WARNING BULLITIN TO ANDHRA PRADESH “DEEP DEPRESSION IN THE BAY OF BENGAL FORMED A SEVERE CYCLONIC STORM, WHICH MAY LIKELY HIT COATAL KRISHNA AND FURTHER POSSIBILITY OF STORM SURGE TO THE CITY VIJAYAWADA”

Standard Operating Procedure: Roles & responsibility of Line Department/Emergency team:

 Early warning: [VMC/Police/Revenue] + local Volunteers  To check availability and working conditions of communication equipment  Follow weather bulletin and pass on the information to concerned  Inform task group[ward committee] about the severity of cyclone/flood  Warning people living in the low lying areas  Tentative affected population/households

 Search & rescue: [Fire Department/NDRF] + Local Volunteers  List out names of family members living closet to flood bank  Ensure availability of boats, ropes, floating aids to save people who are in danger  Get tools ready that are required to cut trees etc  Take care of pet animals

 First Aid: [Health Department/ICDS] + Local Volunteers  Life can be saved within the first 3 to 4 minutes by giving First Aid at the accident spot, Preserving Precious Life, Preventing situation becoming worst  List out old, pregnant women, physically and mentally challenged people in the ward/divisions  Keep bleaching powder, chlorine, first aid kit, stretchers etc be ready  Provide first aid to injured people  Chlorinate the water for safe keeping  Bleaching powder in the surrounding locations

 Shelter Management [Revenue/Civil Supplies Department] + Local Volunteers o Enumeration and arrangements at Rehabilitation Center/s o Collect food grains, medicines, lamps and other basic items o Decide the list of families/people who occupy each shelter o Share the task of shelter management [Cooking, Serving and Cleaning] Vulnerable population/groups:

 Children  Pregnant women & lactating women  Physically challenged  Age-old people  Sick people  Live resources – sheep/hen/cattle

Assets likely cause damage/losing:

 Individual assets [houses, household items and valuables]  Drinking water sources  Road connectivity/bridges

Resources/Materials for Emergency

Revenue department: Special Officer is continuous monitoring the situation  Maps of vulnerable divisions [Transportation facility, Escape route planning, Emergency Exits, Identifying Safe Assembly Point]  Supply of food to relief camps through identified caterers  List of fair shops

Irrigation Department: SE/CE is continuous monitoring the situation  Empty cement bags  Casuarina bullies  Bamboos  Sand  Country twin  Coir rope  Petromax light  Torch light  Kerosene  Crow bars  Earth work basket

Medical/ICDS Department: Resources [Adl.DMHO / CMOH]

 First Aid Kit,  Resuscitator and  Life Oxygen Pack  Application of Splints, Slings and Dressings  Managing Wounds, Fractures, Bleeding, First Aid to Electrocution  Treatment for Burns, Heart Attack, Cardiac Arrest, Fainting Shock, Snake Bite, Hypoglycemia, Heat Stroke, Epilepsy, Frost Bite, Poisonous Gas Inhalation etc.

AP Fire Department: RFO/DFO is continuous monitoring the situation

 Life boyos, life jackets, ropes, crow bars, shovels, pick axes, ceiling hooks, portable pump for baling/pumping water  Iron cutter  Aska lights  Hydraulic spreader  Rescue ram  Lifting bag  Hydraulic jackey

Police: Resources

 Wireless set [sufficient nos]  Information to public [Publicity/public address system/emergency communication system]  Coordination with VMC, Irrigation, Army & Navy boats and Country boats

NDRF/Paramilitary: Resources

 Special response force to tackle disasters, this is a multidisciplinary, multi-skilled, high-tech force which will respond for all types of disasters OBM-out boat motors[inflatable’s], inflatable tower light, sound proof generator

Capacity Assessment at Community, Ward and city levels

- Capture the capacities of existing government institutions, emergency service providers and social institutions at wards and city level to manage risks