VIJAYAWADA MUNICIPAL CORPORATION

2019

MAPPING OF CRITICAL COMMUNITY FACILITIES IN FLOOD PRONE DIVISIONS

SUBMITTED BY: Contents 1 INTRODUCTION...... 1

1.1 Flood Disasters ...... 1

Causes of Floods ...... 2

Impact of Floods: ...... 2

1.2 Global Trends ...... 3

1.3 Situation in ...... 4

1.4 ...... 6

2 OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGY ...... 8

2.1 Need of the Study: ...... 8

2.2 Scope of the Work ...... 8

2.3 Objectives: ...... 9

2.4 Methodology ...... 9

3 CITY –PROFILE ...... 11

3.1 Historical Background and Special Features of the City ...... 12

3.2 Location and physical setting ...... 13

Physical characteristics of the city ...... 13

Linkages and Connectivity ...... 13

3.3 Vijayawada Growth Pattern ...... 15

3.4 Planning Zones and Wards ...... 17

3.5 Geology and Geography...... 20

Geography ...... 20

Soil ...... 20

3.6 Climate ...... 20

4 KRISHNA FLOOD VULNERABLE AREAS ...... 21

4.1 Basin ...... 21

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4.2 Krishna River at ...... 22

Flood prone Mandals in Krishna district ...... 22

4.3 Krishna River at Vijayawada Municipal Corporation ...... 24

Prakasam Barrage ...... 24

4.4 Krishna river flood prone areas in Vijayawada Municipal Corporation ...... 25

4.5 Reasons for Flooding ...... 26

4.6 Previous Flood Incidents ...... 27

4.7 2019 Flood Hazard ...... 28

4.8 Analysis of the 2019 Flood ...... 28

4.9 Aerial Survey of the Krishna Flood prone areas: ...... 29

Aerial photographs during and Post Flood August 2019 ...... 30

5 IDENTIFICATION AND MAPPING OF CRITICAL COMMUNITY

FACILITIES ...... 45

5.1 Field Survey ...... 46

5.2 Maps of Critical Community Facilities in Flood Prone Divisions of VMC ...... 49

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Background

India is vested with a unique climatic regime with two monsoon seasons, two cyclone seasons (pre monsoon and post monsoon cyclones), hot weather season with violent precipitation and a cold weather season. The human society and the natural environment are vulnerable to a number of natural hazards. Around 57% of the land is vulnerable to earthquakes, 28% is vulnerable to droughts, 12% is vulnerable to floods and 8% of the land is vulnerable to cyclones. Natural disasters in India have led to serious financial consequences which have mounted up year after year. Approximately around one million houses are damaged annually in the country compounded with loss of lives and economic losses. In the recent years the world has endured large number of natural disasters, among which one of the most disastrous is flood, that present a potential threat to both life and property. Flood is an overflow of water that submerges the land. Its effects include structural damages, erosion, contamination of food and water, disruption of socioeconomic activity including transport and communication, as well as loss of life and property. India is one of the worst flood affected countries, being second in the world after Bangladesh. Severe floods occur almost every year in at least one part of the country. Although floods are natural phenomena, human activities and human interventions into the processes of nature, such as alterations in the drainage patterns from urbanisation, agricultural practices and deforestation, have considerably changed the situation in whole river basins. In the same time, exposition to risk and vulnerability in flood-prone area have been growing constantly.

Developed and implemented proactive tools can help the vulnerable communities to protect themselves, their livelihoods and settlements from the impacts of disastrous natural hazards. One of the first steps in mitigating the hazardous events and reducing vulnerability is to recognize the importance of "preventive concepts" rather than "responsive strategy". In other words, addressing hazards and vulnerability "before" rather than "after" events has recently received the prior focus.

The aim of the work is to Map the Flood prone areas and to develop a critical community facilities database of the Krishna Flood Divisions in Vijayawada Municipal Corporation for an effective emergency management. The objective of mapping critical community facilities includes prevention of loss of life and property, smooth transfer of affected people from home to evacuation shelter as well as notifying the residents about potential damage and enhancing their awareness about the importance for disaster preparedness

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1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Flood Disasters

Flooding is a condition where water or mud overflows onto land that is normally dry, which is caused by heavy rain or torrents of water from other areas in higher places. Flooding can inundate land such as agricultural lands, settlements, and City centres. Flooding can also occur due to a volume of water or discharge that flows in a river or through a drainage channel that exceeds beyond its drainage capacity. Water overflow is usually not a problem if it does not cause losses, deaths, or injuries, and does not remain in settlements for a long time or cause other problems in daily life. But on the contrary, if water is pooled with a high enough, and occurs in a long time of course this can complicate human activity.

During a flood event, variables such as depth of water, velocity of flows and duration of inundation, in combination with land use attributes, all contribute to the relative severity of flood impacts. Floods of greater depth are likely to result in greater environmental damage than floods of lesser magnitude.

Floods have the greatest damage potential of all natural disasters worldwide and affect the greatest number of people. On a global basis, there is evidence that the number of people affected and economic damages resulting from flooding are on the rise at an alarming rate. Extreme flooding events are not relegated to the least developed nations, but can also devastate and ravage the most economically advanced and industrialized nations. In the last decade there has been catastrophic flooding in Bangladesh, China, India, Germany, Mozambique, Poland, the United States and elsewhere.

The damaging effects of floods are complex. Floods frequently cause major infrastructure damage, including disruption to roads, rail lines, airports, electricity supply systems, water supplies and sewage disposal systems. The economic effects of floods are often much greater than indicated by the physical effects of floodwater coming into contact with buildings and their contents. Indirect economic losses typically spread well beyond the flooded area and may last much longer than the flood itself. The local and regional economy may be badly affected by a major flood disaster and this may seriously affect the national economy.

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Causes of Floods

Floods are caused by natural conditions and phenomena (topography, rainfall), regional geographical conditions, and human activities that result in changes in land use in an area. Factors that cause floods include changes in land use, waste management, erosion and sedimentation, slums along rivers, improper flood control systems, high rainfall, river physiography, inadequate river capacity, effects of high tides, land subsidence, water structures, and damage to flood control structures. Based on their geographical conditions, areas located on floodplains have a high risk of being flooded.

Occurrences of flooding are also influenced by human activities or development that does not consider the principles of environmental conservation. Spaces are often utilized without consideration of their capabilities and in ways that exceed their carrying capacities. In urban areas, green open spaces and urban parks have sizes that are less than ideal for cities, and are now increasingly becoming reduced due to pressure from settlements or other uses that are considered capable of providing greater economic benefits. Because of reduced open green spaces in cities, the level of infiltration in city regions decreases, resulting in increased surface flow velocity and discharge. When heavy rains fall for a long time, most of the rainwater will flow over the soil or land surface with great velocity and volume, subsequently accumulating into a flood.

Impact of Floods:

In general, the impact of flooding can be direct or indirect. Direct impacts are relatively easier to predict than indirect impacts. The impacts toward urban areas that are dominated by human settlements are also different from the impacts toward rural areas that are dominated by agricultural lands. Floods that occur in different areas can damage and wash away homes, causing injuries and deaths. Flooding can also cripple public transportation, disrupts schedules of railroads and flight transportation. Residents often have to evacuate temporarily to safer or non-flooded places for period stretching for few hours to days in some cases. Many flood victims, both in their own homes and in flood shelters, may get effected by skin diseases, diarrhea, respiratory problems, and other illnesses. Floods that inundate agricultural lands can also cause crop failure in some areas.

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1.2 Global Trends Trends in global flood losses have been increasing over the past decades and have been attributed mainly to increasing exposure due to high population growth and economic development in flood-prone areas. At the same time, rainfall patterns and intensities may shift under climate change, which could influence the flood hazard.

According to the Emergency Events Database (EM-DAT-2017) total flood events registered throughout the globe for the period 1993-2017 (25 years) is 3,589 and there is an increasing trend of flood events during the period.

No of Flood events at global scale during (1993-2017)

300

226

218

193

184

172

165

161

160

158

157 157

156 151

200 149

136

135

128

122

114

95

94 94

92

88 84 100

0 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

Total No of People affected Globally due to floods in Cr (1993-2017)

40.00 29.37

30.00

19.34

18.88

18.27

17.89

16.94

16.78

14.93

14.91 13.64

20.00 12.98

11.70

7.83

7.50

7.39

6.40

5.97

5.89

4.49

4.47

4.16

3.46 3.21

10.00 3.03 2.75

0.00 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

No of Deaths due to floods -Global (1993-2017)

40000 34807 30000 20000 10653 8607 9836 6771 7956 8047 7685 6982 8356 6150 6025 5014 5754 5843 6163 10000 4236 3910 4007 3627 3544 3532 3495 4720 3086 0

Similarly, 1,78,806 fatalities recorded and almost 2.72 billion people affected (People requiring immediate assistance during a period of emergency, i.e. requiring basic survival needs such as food, water, shelter, sanitation and immediate medical assistance) due to floods during the said period.

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1.3 Situation in India India has got two very distinct monsoons, namely, southwest monsoon and Northeast monsoon. The southwest monsoon covers a period of four months from June to September and the northeast monsoon covers a period of three months from October to December. During southwest monsoon season, India gets its 75% of annual total rainfall and the remaining in rest of the seasons. During Northeast monsoon season only Tamilnadu, Kerala, Parts of Andhra Pradesh gets good amount of rainfalls. The characteristic of southwest monsoon is its systematic onset and withdrawal pattern.

As a result of strong southwest monsoon, all most all the rivers in India carry huge volume of water thereby posing flood threat. The most common factor that leads to large-scale floods in many parts of India is the very heavy rainfall. In the Indian River system persistent heavy downpour in upper catchment area leads to floods.

Floods occur because of the inadequate capacity to contain huge volume of water within the banks of the river. Some other reasons exist, such as, silting, erosion of the banks due to flow, blockage in the river course due to natural causes like landslides or Earthquakes or due to man- made causes like blasting or vibration. Once occur these floods cause enormous damage and spread diseases.

In India, statistics indicate that the area vulnerable to floods is 40 million hectares and the average area affected by floods annually is about 8 million hectares. According to the CWC Flood damage statistics total fatalities recorded due to floods in India for the past 25 years(1992—2016) is 46,086 and an average of 30.31 million people are getting affected

annually.

47.44 45.01

50.00 44.73

43.73

43.20 41.40

40.00 35.93

33.20

30.41

29.91

29.66

29.54

27.99

27.55

26.56

26.51

26.46

26.32 25.93

30.00 25.22

22.93

19.26

18.30 15.97

20.00 14.69

10.00 Population affected due to floods in India - 1992-2016 (in million) 0.00 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

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Map 1 Flood Hazard Map of India

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1.4 Andhra Pradesh Cyclones occurring in Andhra Pradesh are one of the important causes of floods and inundation. The incidence of cyclones seems to have increased in the past decades, to the extent that severe cyclones have become a common phenomenon occurring once in every two to three years, repeatedly and severely affecting the State's economy while challenging its financial and institutional resources. The state of Andhra Pradesh has a coastline having approximately 1030 kms length lying adjacent to has a long history of cyclones of varying intensities over the last 100 years. The 9 coastal districts of the state with in the north and S.P.S. in the south are affected by cyclones and floods one or two times in a year. Generally, the terrain is sloping from west to east in Andhra Pradesh. The main lines of communications like the National Highways, Railways, state roads and other roads to the villages literally run across the main rivers and has a lot of bearing on the present scenario of flooding both due to rains and cyclones.

District wise No. of Cyclones crossed AP Coast (1891-2017) Source: India Meteorological Dept.

The tropical cyclones hitting the east coast are of severe intensity and cause largescale damage and destruction to life and property. The cyclones which have caused havoc in the coast occurred with regularity mostly in the months of May, October and November.

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All the nine coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh have been affected by the cyclonic storms but the number of cyclones hit in each coastal district are different. The cyclonic storms witnessed by coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh from 1891-2017 are 75 among which more number of storms hit S.P.S. (22) followed by Krishna (16), East Godavari (11), Srikakulam (10), (8), Prakasam (4) and (3)

Map 2 Flood Hazard Map of Andhra Pradesh

Fatalities recorded due to floods in A.P. 400 338 350 300 260 258 250 210 179 200 167 172 171 150 107 90 88 100 48 58 52 61 28 50 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0

As per the CWC Flood damage statistics, total fatalities recorded during the period 1992-2016 in Andhra Pradesh is 2,298.

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2 OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGY

2.1 Need of the Study:

Vulnerability is defined as 'the extreme to which a community, structure, service or geographic area is likely to be damaged or disrupted by the impact of particular hazard, on account of their nature, construction and proximity to hazardous-terrain or disaster prone area'.

Even a slight chance of flooding can pose too great a threat to the delivery of services offered by the maintenance and operation of a community’s critical facilities. Critical facilities commonly include all public and private facilities that a community considers essential for the delivery of vital services and for the protection of the community. They usually include emergency response facilities (fire stations, police stations, rescue squads), custodial facilities (jails and other detention centers, long-term care facilities, hospitals, and other health care facilities), schools, emergency shelters, utilities (water supply, wastewater treatment facilities, and power), communications facilities, and any other assets determined by the community to be of critical importance for the protection of the health and safety of the population.

Protection for critical facilities serves several purposes: it reduces damage to vital public facilities; it reduces pollution of flood waters by hazardous materials; and, most importantly, to ensure that the facilities will be operable during the emergencies and Other facilities in flood- free and nearby sites may be needed to support the flood response effort. (Shelter for evacuees).

2.2 Scope of the Work Unplanned urbanization is one of the foremost reasons for causing urban floods, which poses a dynamic challenge to the city administrators, planners and dwellers. The encroachments of urban water bodies, diminishing of waterbodies has made the rainfall water to come up in to the dwelling units. This phenomenon effects the settlements adjacent to the water bodies and damage to public and private property due to floods indicate that we are still to develop an effective response to floods. The present work aims at identification and Mapping of critical community facilities in 9 wards adjacent to Krishna river and prone to flooding (Ward No: 27, 26, 25, 24, 23, 22, 16, 15 and 14) in Vijayawada Municipal Corporation for an effective emergency management during natural disasters. A map of critical community facilities will be developed through aerial mapping and a GIS based technical assessment, along with a participatory appraisal.

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2.3 Objectives:  To Identify the Flood prone areas due to Krishna river and  Identification and Mapping of Critical Community Facilities

2.4 Methodology

Initial meeting with Municipal officials/UNDP Team

Collection of Base map and relevant information of the city

Review of past disaster events and the impact

Finalising/Demarcating the boundary of the area

List out the Critical community facilities (CCF)

Acquiring Satellite Imagery of the area/ Drone Survey

Identification, Mapping and Field Verification of CCF

Interlinking the attribute data to the map in GIS

Preparation of thematic maps using GIS

/Submission of Draft report/ Inputs & Suggestions

Final Submission

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Photographs during the initial meeting with the Commissioner and other officials of the VMC

An initial meeting was conducted with the municipal officials and UNDP members for finalising the area and scope of the work. The required secondary data for the study is collected from the VMC. A Satellite imagery of selected dates covering the limits of VMC is procured from NRSC for flood analysis in GIS application and also drone survey was conducted during flood period for more precise analysis. For identification and mapping of critical community facilities a field visit was conducted by the team to the flood prone areas and identification of critical community facilities was done with the help of GPS devices.

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3 VIJAYAWADA CITY –PROFILE Vijayawada, also known as Bezwada is a city in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It lies on the banks of River Krishna surrounded by the hills of Eastern known as Indrakeeladri Hills in Krishna District. It geographically lies on the centre spot of Andhra Pradesh. The city has been described as the commercial, political, educational and media capital of Andhra Pradesh, second largest city in Andhra Pradesh. As of 2011 census, the city had a population of 1,048,240, making it the second largest city in the state in terms of population and it had an urban agglomeration population of 1,491,202.

City view of Vijayawada Municipal Corporation

Map 3 Vijayawada Municipal Corporation- Division Map

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3.1 Historical Background and Special Features of the City Vijayawada history reveals that Bezawada (Vijayawada) was ruled by King Madhava Varma (Ancestor of Pusapatis of ). Chinese Buddhist scholar Xuanzang stayed few years in Bezawada (Vijayawada) in around 640 A.D. to copy and study the AbhidhammaPitaka, the last of the three pitakas (Pali for baskets) constituting the Pali canon, the scriptures of TheravadaBuddhism.

Mogalrajapuram hills have five rock-cut temples, built during the period of 4th – 9th centuries. Some of the caves can be attributed to Vishnukundina dynasty. Akkana Madanna Caves situated at the foot of Indrakeeladri Hill is a monument of national importance. Situated at the foot of Indrakeeladri hills is the temple of Malleswara. The temple has inscriptions dating back to 9th century AD to 16th century AD by various kings. There are ten pillars and a mutilated slab (recognized as monuments by Archaeological Survey of India) with inscriptions in . Of them, the inscriptions issued by Yudhamalla I and II of Eastern Chalukyas are important ones. In the early sixteen century- during the reign of Qutb Shahi dynasty, also known as Golconda Sultanate- diamond mines were found near Vijayawada on the banks of Krishna River.

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Figure 1 Tourist and Historical places of Vijayawada The city is known for its landmarks such as Prakasham Barrage across the Krishna river Krishnaveni Mandapam (River Museum) depicting the history of Krishna river and a nearby idol of the river known as Krishnaveni statue; Gandhi Hill, the first Mahatma Gandhi Memorial in the country, an elevation of 500 ft on the on a hill; , one of the largest river island amidst Krishna River. The Kanaka Temple is a of Goddess Durga on the Indrakeeladri hill, on the banks of Krishna River. The is described as Swayambhu (self-manifested) in Triteeyakalpa. Akkana Madanna cave temple is a rock-cut temple which is located at the lower reach of the Indrakeeladri temple.

Timeline of Formation of Municipal Corporation.

1888 Constituted as Municipality 1960 Constituted as Selection Grade Municipality 1981 Upgrade to Municipal Corporation Source: Commissioner Directorate of Municipal Administration

3.2 Location and physical setting Physical characteristics of the city Location Vijayawada Municipal Corporation city is located at 16.5193°N Latitude and 80.6305°E Longitude and it lies in the angle formed around the hills.

Linkages and Connectivity Vijayawada is well connected to the major destinations through various national and state highways. National Highway 16, a part of Asian Highway 45 and Golden Quadrilateral network, is a majorhighway that bypasses the city and connects Kolkata and Chennai. Other

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important national highways such as, National Highway 65 linking the cities of and ; National Highway 30 connecting Jagdalpur of Chhattisgarh also bypasses the city. City buses and auto rickshaws are the primary modes of public transport in the city. Apart from these, the other types of public transit covers, motorcycles, cycle rickshaws, bicycles etc. The APSRTC operates city, suburban, district and airport bus services from Pandit Nehru bus station of the city. Vijayawada BRTS is a dedicated corridor for bus-based public transport system in the city. The city has a total road length of 1,264.24 km. Inner Ring Road connects both NH 16 and 65 to serves the main purpose of easing city traffic congestion. Canal Road, M.G.Road and Road are the major internal arterial roads of the city.

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Figure 2 Infrastructure and existing situations

Figure 3 Location Map of Vijayawada Municipal Corporation 3.3 Vijayawada Growth Pattern The Vijayawada urban agglomeration consists of the areas under Vijayawada Municipal Corporation, municipality, gram panchayats and outgrowths of Kanuru, Prasadampadu, Ramavarappadu, Yenamalakuduru and Tadepalli and North West - Jakampudi- Gollapudi village

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This is one of the few villages in Krishna District where all the roads are perfectly laid with no dead ends and is located by the river side of river Krishna which is the main political center in Vijayawada with almost all famous educational institutes established their branches in Gollapudi.

1973 1990

2001 2009

Figure 4 Future Growth pattern of Vijayawada

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Figure 5 Regional and External Connectivity of VMC 3.4 Planning Zones and Wards The city has been divided into 3 Circles mainly for administration, planning and management purpose. Further, the city remains subdivided into 59 wards. Anaccount of ward wise population and area covered provided in the table below: Table 1 Planning Zones and Wards Ward Extent in Populat Covered Areas No. Sq.Km ion (2011) 1 5.01 17698 Carmel Nagar, Lenin Nagar, Gandhiji Colony, Urmila Nagar 2 4.36 26763 Bharathi Nagar, Currency Nagar, Vijaya Colony, Suba Rao Colony, Ap.I.I.C. Colony, Srinivasa Nagar Bank Colony, N.T.R. Colony, Gurunanak Colony. 3 1.82 27314 Cunadala, Christurajpuram, Veterinary Colony, Lic Colony, Film Colony, Jayaprakash Nagar, Loyola Gardens. 4 0.61 14049 Bthelham Nagar, Ludhu Nagar, Machavaram Hill. 5 0.51 15328 Machavaram, Maruthi Nagar, Seetaram Puram

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6 0.57 160 Machavaram, Pragathi Public School Road 7 0.66 15888 Mogalarajpuram Hill Area, Christurajpuram Hill Area, Kasturibai Pet 8 1.15 19188 , Mogalarajpuram, Siddhartha Colony, Gayatri Nagar, K.O.Nagar, Teachers Colony. 9 1.39 15399 Postal Colony, R.R.Gardens, Auto Nagar, Maruthi Colony, Vasavya Colony, Income Tax Colony. 10 0.85 18995 NewRtcColony,KrishnaNagar,SanjaiGandhiCol ony,Ayyappa Nagar,K.P.Nagar,TreasuryColony,Chowdarypet ,AshokNagar Pandaripuram. 11 0.67 15685 Patamata, Santhi Nagar, J.D. Nagar, Lakshmipathi Nagar, Siva Sankar Nagar, New Rtc Colony, Electricity Colony, Ramadhooth Nagar. 12 0.56 16021 Patamata, Patamatalanka, Ambedkar Nagar, Poornachandra Rao Nagar, Darsipet – 1&2. 13 1.32 23701 Patamatalanka, Pakeergudem, Mogalrajpuram, Brundavan Colony, Cupth Colony, New Postal Colony, 14 3.20 29695 Balaji Nagar, Ramalingeswara Nagar. 15 0.31 8111 RanigariThota, Balaji Nagar,, Gunter Bapanaiah Nagar. 16 0.31 19468 RanigariThota 17 0.68 Labbipet, PunnammaThota, Police Quarters. 18 0.54 7507 Giripuram, Woodpet, Badavapet, Labbipet, Sbi Colony. 19 0.54 12746 Suryaraopet, Kasturibaipet, Mogalrajpuram. 20 0.38 12769 Arunadalpet, DurgaAgraharam, Seetarampuram. 21 1.46 12004 Governorpet, Suryaraopet 22 0.95 18761 Krishnalanka 23 1.05 23794 Krishnalanka 24 2.02 1147 Bramarambhapuram, Krishnalanka 25 0.81 13143 Mallikarjunapet 26 1.15 22179 Vidhyadarapuram, Sanjai Gandhi Labour Colony, Kamakoti Nagar. 27 1.85 20389 Bhavanipuram, Lorry Stand, Karakatta, Out Agency, Nulakapet. 28 1.27 33768 Priyadarsini Colony, H.B.Colony, (Phase‐I, Ii, Iv) Bhavanipuram, Police Colony, Telephone Colony, Lalitha Nagar, Nagar Huts, Milk Colony , Teachers Colony.

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29 2.18 25341 Kabela, Rotary Nagar, Bhagathsingh Nagar, Brahmaiah Nagar Colony, R.R. Nagar, Joji Nagar, Yekalavya Nagar, Urmila Subba Rao Nagar, Iron Yard Colony, KanakDurga Reddy Colony, Ramanagar Huts, Prasanthi Nagar. 30 0.92 20384 Lambadipet, Syndicate Bank Colony, Rajeev Sarma Nagar, Huttingarea. 31 0.42 22266 K.L.Rao Nagar, Railway Quarters. 32 0.23 15397 Kothapet. 33 0.5 22222 Ramaraja Nagar, 4 Pillors 34 0.3 16013 Kothapet, Srinivasamahal Area. 35 0.22 20730 Frizerpet, Tailor Pet, GollapalemGattu. 36 0.32 14275 Frizerpet, Wynchipet, AbothuAppannaPakalau 37 0.21 16242 Wynchipet, GollapalemGattu 38 0.25 25052 Kothapet, Mallikarjunapet 39 0.48 14287 One Town 40 0.6 20443 Islampet, Police Quarters, Gandhiji Hill. 41 0.47 13534 Poornandam Pet, Baptistpalem 42 0.73 8928 Hanumanpet, Gandhi Nagar, Satyanarayana Puram 43 0.37 20604 Bavajipet, Durga Puram 44 0.72 11616 Railway Quarters 45 0.55 17766 Madhuranagar, Pasuputhota 46 0.36 15189 Srinagar Colony, Teachers Colony, Ambedkar Nagar. 47 0.41 15270 Satyanarayanapuram, Muthyalampadu 48 0.33 8676 Poornandampet, Kedareswrapet, Railway Line Huts. 49 0.56 12183 Rajarajeswaripet, Kamsalipet 50 0.31 8032 Kedareswarapet 51 0.69 13094 Ayodhyanagar, Ramalingeswarapet, Lotus Land Mark, NandakuriBasavaTaraka Nagar, Santhi Nagar. 52 4.21 16175 New Rajarajeswaripet, Arunodaya Nagar, SubbarajuNagarm, IndraNaik Nagar, Nandamuri Nagar. 53 1.56 29308 Vijayadurga Nagar, Ramakrishnapuram, Nagar, Ajithsingh Nagar.

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54 0.35 12704 Ajithsingh Nagar 55 0.66 22442 Santhi Nagar, Ajithsingh Nagar, Vasista Colony, Kanakadurga Layout, Prabha Colony, Andhra Patrika Colony, Andhra Jyothi. 56 1.40 17966 Old Payakapuram, Prasanthi Nagar, Devineni Gandhi Puram, Vambay Colony. 57 1.40 11894 Payakapuram. L.B.S.Nagar, Patel Nagar. 58 1.33 778 Radhanagar, Sundharaiah Nagar, Rajeev Nagar, Vaddera Colony, Uda Colony, Visalandra Layout, Doctor Layout, Ngos Layout, A Colony. 59 2.84 35954 KundavariKandrika Village, N.S.C.Bose Nagar, Prajasakthi Nagar, Barma Colony. Total 61.88 1049536

3.5 Geology and Geography Geography It lies on the banks of Krishna River and is also surrounded on the north by Budameru River. The northern, northwestern, and southwestern parts of the city are covered by a low range of hills, while the central, southwestern and northwestern parts are covered by rich and fertile agriculture lands with three major irrigation canals. The topography of Vijayawada is flat, with a few small to medium-sized hills. The Krishna River runs along the city. Three canals originating from the north side of the Prakasham barrage reservoir, Eluru, Bandar and Ryves, run through the city. The landscape of Vijayawada is marked by undulating small and medium sized hillocks with extensive plain lands between them. Although the hills in Vijayawada are a continuation of the Eastern chains, they, in general have a low elevation compared to the rest of the Ghats.

Soil The Soils in the District are of two types, i.e., Black Soils Black Clay is the most superior soil in the District, which occupies 78% area in the District.

3.6 Climate Vijayawada has a tropical climate with hot summers and a monsoon season. Temperatures can reach 47 °C (117 °F) in May–June, while the winter temperatures rarely fall below 15 °C (59 °F). The average humidity is 78%, and the average annual rainfall is 921.5 millimeters (36 in). Vijayawada gets its rainfall from both the southwest monsoon and northeast monsoon. With its hot and humid conditions, the city is often referred as Bezewada.

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4 KRISHNA FLOOD VULNERABLE AREAS

4.1 Krishna River Basin Basin is recognized as the ideal and practical unit of water resources management because it allows the holistic understanding of upstream-downstream hydrological interactions and solutions for management for all competing sectors of water demand. The practice of basin planning has developed due to the changing demands on river systems and the changing conditions of rivers by human interventions. The multiple uses of water and varying demands on a river basin require an integrated approach to managing river basin. The Krishna river and its tributaries are an inter-state river system flowing through the states of , , and Andhra Pradesh. This river receives several tributaries on both the banks. At present there are 76 Major and 135 Medium irrigation projects in the Krishna basin.

The delta area of the basin is subject to flooding. It has been observed that the river bed in delta area is continuously raised due to silt deposition resulting in reduction in carrying capacity of the channel. The coastal cyclonic rainfall of high intensity and short duration makes the flood problem worse.

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4.2 Krishna River at Krishna District The population of Krishna District is 45.17 lakhs (2011 Census), making it the 34th in India and 4th in AP. The population density is 519 per sq Kms (AP: 308 per sq km; India: 382 per sq km). Krishna has a gender ratio of 997 women for 1000 males (AP: 992 per 1000; India: 940 per 1000) and a literacy rate of 74.37 percent. (AP: 67.66%; India: 74.04%). Agriculture is the main occupation of the people in the district. The river bifurcates into two arms after about 64 kms from . The left stream after traversing a distance of 31 kms empties in to Bay of Bengal at Malakaya Lanka village in Krishna District. The right stream after traversing a length of 32 kms empties in to Bay of Bengal at Lankevanidibba village in . The land situated between these two arms of the river is called “DIVISEEMA”.

Flood prone Mandals in Krishna district Mandals adjacent to the Krishna River are more prone to floods. The 2009 floods were described as the worst floods in 100 years, have displaced thousands of people resulting in loss of lives, livelihoods, livestock and caused extensive damage to agriculture. Many villages of Nandigama, Jaggayyapeta, Kanchikacharla, Chandarlapadu and Ibrahimpatnam mandals, spread over the western part of Krishna district were marooned by the floods in the Krishna

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River. Eastern Krishna mandals of Nagayalanka, Kodur, Mopidevi, and Challapalli were damaged heavily and the total loss was estimated in millions of rupees. During 2009 floods the Krishna Barrage (also known as Prakasam Barrage) has released more than 1.2 million cusecs of water continuously for three days which resulted in inundating the Island villages spread in the revenue mandals of Mopidevi, Challapalli and Avanigadda, thus affecting 2500 families very badly. Since, they have been residing on the banks of the river, they lost all their belongings in the flood water.

4.2.1.1 Maximum Flood Discharge The maximum flood discharge observed during the year 1903 is 11.90 lakh cusecs, after the construction of the Nagarjuna Sagar in the upstream of the Krishna River. During the year 1998 Krishna river received a maximum flood discharge of 9.32 lakh cusec and caused alarming situation throughout the flood banks below the Prakasam barrage. Subsequently the flood banks of Krishna River were restored to original standards during the year 1999 to 2000. Later in 2009 observed discharge of 10.94 cusecs where in much of area in the catchment was flooded.

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4.3 Krishna River at Vijayawada Municipal Corporation Prakasam Barrage The existing Prakasam Barrage across River Krishna was constructed during 1954 to 1957 in place of old Ayacut just 104Ft upstream side near Vijayawada City in Krishna District of Andhra Pradesh, below the confluence of the Musi, it passes through a narrow gorge and enters the plains of Coromandal coast, till at Vijayawada. The earlier anicut with its canals for irrigation and flood banks for the protection of the delta from the floods was constructed during 1852 with a coast of Rs. 2.00 crores which was designed by Sir Artur Cotton and built by Captain Charies Orr to serve an ayacut of 5.80 Lakh acres in four districts of Krishna, West Godavari, Guntur and Prakasam. The old anicut was breached during 1952 during inspection the eminent Superintending Engineer, Sri. Vepa Krishna Murthy and other staff have demised their lives. After examining all aspects in detail the present barrage was constructed during 1954-1957 with a cost of Rs. 2.278 Crores and named as Prakasam Barrage after the Great Leader and former Chief Minister Sri. Prakasm Panthulu. The Geographical Location of the Barrage Latitude is 16°-30'N and Longitude is 80°-37'E.

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Silent Features of Prakasam Barrage

Name of the Project : Krishna Delta System Name of the Barrage/ Weir/ Anicut : Prakasam Barrage Latitude and Longitude of Barrage/ Weir/ : Latitude - 16° - 30'N Longitude - 80° - Anicut 37'E Storage capacity (in Mcm) : 3.071 TMC Basin : Krishna Purpose : Irrigation and water supply Year of completion : Barrage 1954-57 Length of Barrage/Weir/Anicut : 1233 M Design flood discharge : 11.90 Lakh Cusecs Catchment area : 97055 Sq miles Total annual yield in the catchment : 13.08 Lakh acres Pond level (m) : (+) 12.21 M Length of Barrage/Weir/Anicut : 1233 M Number under sluice /bays : 14 Nos Number of Barrage/Weir/Bays : 70 Nos Width of Under sluices/bays : 5.18 X 3.66 M Width of Barrage/Weir/Bays : 70 Nos 12.19 x 3.66 M Type and Number of gates : Vertical Type & 70 Nos Size of gates : 12.19 x 3.66 M Maximum discharge of Barrage : 33697 Cumecs M.F.L (Designed) : + 22.13 M (+72.60 Ft) Top of Roadway On Barrage : +25.02 M (+ 82.10 Ft)

4.4 Krishna river flood prone areas in Vijayawada Municipal Corporation Due to heavy rainfall in upper catchment of Krishna basin i.e. in the states of Karnataka and Maharashtra, the runoff water accumulates into the river subsequently the excess water is released to the downstream this will lead to a severe flooding along the river banks. Based on the statistics of the irrigation department of Andhra Pradesh it is evident that the flood discharge capacity of the prakasam barrage reservoir is designed based on a hundred-year flood and the flood occurred in 2009 almost reached the full design capacity of the reservoir. Likewise, in the year 2019 the flood released downsteam is nearly 8.21 lakh cusecs which is

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about eighty percent of the design capacity and the flood continued for a week almost submerging the settlements along the Krishna river in VMC limits. Areas which are having elevations less than the M.F.L and located on the downstream of Prakasham barrage are seriously affected due to floods.

The severity of the flood in the upstream is comparatively less because the reservoir is almost kept in full level and the Pushkar Ghats along the river are well maintained and acts as buffers to the flooding. The Downstream part is more prone to flood due to illegal constructions and encroachments along the river bank. These illegal construction activities also reduce the bearing capacity of the underlying soil and results in serious erosion or translational landslides.

4.5 Reasons for Flooding  The region receives maximum rainfall both during Southwest and Northeast monsoons  City Vijayawada is located on the line which separates the delta and irrigated land.  Primary reason for flooding is the unauthorized settlements along the river which had taken place due to the lack of planning and enforcement of code.  Below flood bank is 6.4km which creates havoc in flood season which generally start from July to December.

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 High water release at the time of barrage with 4.12 lakh cusecs to 10.90 lakh cusecs of water released in various years.  People living in flood banks having high dense population.  Developmental activities like sluice connectivity in river creates backwater.  Breaking of bunds for public private developmental activities [sluice, storm water drains, approach roads etc].  Trespassing on river bunds by people.  Breach occurrence and damages occurred to the flood bank with slips and erosion.

4.6 Previous Flood Incidents

The maximum flood discharges observed during the last hundred years show that the 10-lakh cusec-mark was observed during October 7, 1903. It was yet again in October 1964 that 9.87 lakh cusecs of flood discharge wreaked havoc downstream the barrage. After 1964, the flood discharges never crossed 9 lakh cusecs, until the massive flood on October 5, 2009.Later in the year 2019 on 17th August 8.21 Cusecs of discharge recorded.

Depth over Observed Level at Prakasam Date and crest level Max barrage Year of at barrage discharge U/S D/S Flood in feet 7th October 1903 10.60 [+] 70.55 [+] 69.55 23.50 14th August 1914 09.48 [+] 68.20 [+] 67.95 21.15

2nd November 09.55 [+] 68.10 [+] 67.25 21.05 1917 24th September 09.24 [+] 68.15 [+] 66.00 21.10 1947 2nd October 1964 09.87 [+] 68.25 [+] 65.30 23.20

6th August 1966 04.12 [+] 57.95 [+] 55.90 12.80

30th September 05.97 [+] 60.65 [+] 58.40 15.60 1974 10th July 1983 08.27 [+] 64.05 [+] 62.35 19.00

24th July 1989 06.86 [+] 61.95 [+] 55.80 16.60 17th October 09.32 [+] 65.45 [+] 63.30 20.40 1998 1st September 07.45 [+] 62.65 [+] 60.00 17.60 2005

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17th August 2006 05.56 [+] 59.85 [+] 57.60 14.80

21st September 05.56 [+] 59.86 [+]57.61 15.80 2007 11th August 2008 04.22 [+] 57.55 [+] 55.20 12.50

5th October 2009 10.94 [+] 69.40 [+] 67.0 22.00

10th September 04.28 [+] 56.00 [+] 54.60 12.50 2011 25th October 05.50 [+] 60.65 [+] 58.40 14.56 2013 24th September 1.39 - - 10.20 2016 17th August 08.21 - - - 2019 15th October 7.71 - - - 2020

4.7 2019 Flood Hazard The incessant rain in the upstream of river Krishna has triggered floods leading to overflow. During the first two weeks of August 2019, rains battered south-western Maharashtra, and rising water levels in local rivers breached the banks. As water levels rose after the heavy rainfall, almost all the started discharging water. The inflow following rains in upper catchment of the river led to increase of water levels at Prakasam barrage in Vijayawada. As a result, on 16th and 17th of august 2019 an inflow of 8 lakh cusecs in to Krishna river at prakasam barrage was observed with second level warning signal which affected life in several mandals of Krishna and Guntur districts.

4.8 Analysis of the 2019 Flood In recent times, microwave synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellite images have been used widely for mapping flood affected areas due to its all-weather capability and acquisition during day and night. For this study the following steps are followed for identification of flood prone areas in VMC using Sentinel -1 producr SAR data. The methodology broadly consists of three main components;

 Pre-processing of SAR data,  Thematic analysis of the data and  Post processing.

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In the pre-processing, data preparation steps like applying orbit file, calibration, speckle filtering, terrain correction, linear to decibels conversion, adding elevation band, deriving water mask are carried out, by invoking ESA’s SNAP Graph Processing Tool (GPT) tool. The thematic analysis component includes classification of water from SAR image using multi- segmentation and Otsu’s thresholding techniques. The post processing component includes removal of stray pixels and applying water mask to delineate the final flood layer.

4.9 Aerial Survey of the Krishna Flood prone areas: A rapid increase in the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) platforms for environmental monitoring has been observed recently. In hydrological research UAVs are applied mainly for the acquisition of accurate and up‐to‐date spatial information on the river environment and monitoring of fluvial process with high precision and high sampling frequency.

For more precise analysis, the aerial survey using drone was conducted along the Krishna river bank, covering all the wards that are prone to flood in VMC. The survey was conducted during and post flood days and the photographs were used to do a comparative analysis and the output is presented in the following section.

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Aerial photographs during and Post Flood August 2019 LOCATION : PRAKASAM BARRAGE WARD: 24

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LOCATION : NEAR METLABAZAR SIVALAYAM WARD:

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LOCATION : NEAR PATCHAMEDA BAZAR ROAD WARD:

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LOCATION : NEAR APSRMC HIGH SCHOOL WARD:

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LOCATION : NEAR MANTADA VARI STREET WARD: 22

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LOCATION : NEAR VARADHI (SAI BABA TEMPLE) WARD: 22

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LOCATION : VARADHI WARD: 16

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LOCATION : RANI GARI THOTA WARD: 16

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LOCATION : TARAKARAM NAGAR SLUM WARD: 15

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LOCATION : NEAR BAPANAYYA NAGAR WARD:

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LOCATION : NEAR BALAJI NAGAR WARD: 24

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LOCATION : NEAR POLICE COLONY WARD: 14

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LOCATION : SATYANARAYANA NAGAR WARD: 14

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LOCATION : RAMALINGESWARA NAGAR WARD: 14

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LOCATION : STP WARD: 14

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5 Identification and Mapping of Critical Community Facilities

Critical Community facilities commonly include all public and private facilities that a community considers essential for the delivery of vital services and for the protection of the community. They usually include the following: transport systems, air and sea ports, electricity, water and communications systems, hospitals and health clinics, fire station, police and public administration services, Educational institutes etc.A critical facility provides services and functions essential to a community, especially during and after a disaster. Critical facilities requiring special consideration for disaster management are mentioned below

Social Infrastructure Security (Police) Facilities Health Facilities  Police Station  Primary Health Centres  Traffic and police control room  Dispensary  Safety  Government Hospital  Fire Station  Maternity Centre  Disaster Management Centre  Private Clinic Physical Infrastructure  Registered Medical Practitioner (RMP) Transport  Ayurvedic Doctor/Vaidya  Bus Stations/Bus stop Educational Facilities  Bus depot  Pre-primary school  Arterial roads  Primary school  Sub Arterial roads  Upper Primary  Collector street  High School  local street  Junior College  Bridges / Flyover/ overpass  Vocational Training Centre  Railway Station  Degree College  Airport  Engineering College/ University  Waterways Socio-Cultural Facilities Water Supply systems  Multipurpose Community Hall Reservoirs-ELSR/GLSR  Banquet Hall Treatment plant  Community Recreational Club Major distribution lines  Auditorium Sanitation  Exhibition –cum-Fair Ground Waste treatment plants  Sports Facilities Public/Community Toilets  Indoor Stadium Electricity  Play grounds Sub Stations Administrative Buildings

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5.1 Field Survey A Field visit was conducted by the team in order to identify the critical community facilities at wards which are prone to Krishna flood. The information pertaining to each service (which includes Government and Private) was collected using GPS device and photographs of each facility are captured. Further the on field data is transferred in to the GIS application based on which analysis is carried out and the results are presented in the following section.

Photographs during field visit to the Krishna flood prone areas

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Photographs of the Critical Community Facilities

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Photographs of CCF in Wards adjasent to Krishna River

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5.2 Maps of Critical Community Facilities in Flood Prone Divisions of VMC

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5.3 Evacuation Route Map through Network Analysis in GIS

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LIST OF CRITICAL COMMUNITY FACILITIES AT KRISHNA FLOOD PRONE WARDS, VMC.

SL_ OWEN NO Name LAT LONG CATGORY ER_SHI WARD 16.489 80.654 GOVT_SERVI WARD SACHIVALAYAM 68 69 1 67 2596 CES GOVT WARD_14 16.491 80.646 GOVT_SERVI WATER TREATMENT PLANT 2 97 98705 CES GOVT WARD_14 16.494 80.641 GOVT_SERVI STP PAKIRGUDAM 3 68 45876 CES GOVT WARD_14 16.496 80.642 GOVT_SERVI POST OFFICE 4 17 81923 CES GOVT WARD_14 16.495 80.643 GOVT_SERVI DOORDARSHAN QUARTERS 5 83 42993 CES GOVT WARD_14 16.487 80.656 PRIVA VINODA PUBLIC SCHOOL 6 82 79899 EDUCATION TE WARD_14 VINOD PUBLIC SCHOOL MAIN 16.489 80.654 PRIVA 7 BRANCH 29 21015 EDUCATION TE WARD_14 16.489 80.652 PRIVA VIJAYTHA PUBLIC SCHOOL 8 34 31182 EDUCATION TE WARD_14 16.489 80.652 PRIVA MASTER MIND HIGH SCHOOL 9 47 41265 EDUCATION TE WARD_14 PARADMIKA ENGLISH MEDIUM 16.491 80.648 10 SCHOOL 16 963 EDUCATION GOVT WARD_14 16.494 80.642 HINDI ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 11 08 67112 EDUCATION GOVT WARD_14 16.497 80.637 PRIVA VIJAYA EM HIGH SCHOOL 12 52 83686 EDUCATION TE WARD_14 RAVINDHRA BARATHI PUBLIC 16.497 80.640 PRIVA 13 SHCOOL 53 67279 EDUCATION TE WARD_14 16.491 80.651 HOSPITALS PRIVA FIST AID CENTER 14 35 1179 AND CLINC TE WARD_14 16.491 80.650 HOSPITALS PRIVA SUREKHAS CHILD HOSPITAL 15 24 35431 AND CLINC TE WARD_14 16.493 80.648 HOSPITALS PRIVA VIVEK FIST AID CENTER HOSPITAL 16 17 23385 AND CLINC TE WARD_14 16.493 80.645 HOSPITALS PRIVA PRADANA SIDIRAM 17 78 99488 AND CLINC TE WARD_14 16.488 80.653 RELIGI TEMPLE HUMAN TEMPLE 18 91 36484 RELIGIOUS OUS WARD_14 16.489 80.652 RELIGI INDIAN CHURCH 19 54 6217 RELIGIOUS OUS WARD_14 16.493 80.645 RELIGI TEMPLE 20 12 20145 RELIGIOUS OUS WARD_14 16.498 80.639 GOVT_SERVI WARD SARCHAVALAYAM 76 21 09 76654 CES GOVT WARD_15 POWER DISTRIBUTION CENTER 16.498 80.634 GOVT_SERVI 22 AP 46 52039 CES GOVT WARD_15 SRI EXCELLENT BALA PRASANTHI 16.498 80.634 PRIVA 23 EM SCHOOL 03 24722 EDUCATION TE WARD_15

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LIST OF CRITICAL COMMUNITY FACILITIES AT KRISHNA FLOOD PRONE WARDS, VMC.

16.498 80.636 PRIVA SRI SAI E.M HIGH SCHOOL 24 36 1795 EDUCATION TE WARD_15 SRI KRISHNA DIVARAM PUBLIC 16.498 80.637 PRIVA 25 SCHOOL 99 98958 EDUCATION TE WARD_15 16.499 80.635 RCM UP SCHOOL 26 87 54877 EDUCATION GOVT WARD_15 16.498 80.634 HOSPITALS PRIVA SRI SRINIVAS HOSPITAL 27 47 62759 AND CLINC TE WARD_15 16.498 80.635 HOSPITALS PRIVA JAYANTI HOSPITAL 28 94 25976 AND CLINC TE WARD_15 16.498 80.636 HOSPITALS PRIVA VENKATAESHWA RAO RMP 29 36 1795 AND CLINC TE WARD_15 16.498 80.636 HOSPITALS PRIVA VIJAYA CLINC RMP 30 25 25217 AND CLINC TE WARD_15 16.498 80.636 HOSPITALS PRIVA JAYANTI CLINCH 31 12 55811 AND CLINC TE WARD_15 16.497 80.637 HOSPITALS PRIVA SRI SRI HARI CLINC RMP 32 37 50594 AND CLINC TE WARD_15 16.497 80.638 RELIGI HANUMAN TEMPLE 2 33 99 41739 RELIGIOUS OUS WARD_15 POWER DISTRIBUTION CENTER 16.498 80.634 GOVT_SERVI 34 AP 46 52039 CES GOVT WARD_16 SRI EXCELLENT BALA PRASANTHI 16.498 80.634 PRIVA 35 EM SCHOOL 03 24722 EDUCATION TE WARD_16 16.499 80.633 PRIVA KEN EM HIGH SCHOOL 36 82 76124 EDUCATION TE WARD_16 16.498 80.632 HOSPITALS PRIVA SIVA REDDY RMP HOSPITAL 37 26 1012 AND CLINC TE WARD_16 16.499 80.634 HOSPITALS PRIVA CHALAMA REDDY CLINC 38 43 44059 AND CLINC TE WARD_16 16.498 80.632 RELIGI TEMPLE 39 04 10808 RELIGIOUS OUS WARD_16 16.498 80.632 RELIGI SRI GANGALAMA TEMPLE 40 31 06684 RELIGIOUS OUS WARD_16 16.499 80.633 RELIGI CHRUCH 41 57 89619 RELIGIOUS OUS WARD_16 16.500 80.635 RELIGI TEMPLE RAMALAYAM 42 47 81271 RELIGIOUS OUS WARD_16 16.500 80.633 WATER THANK 43 62 68388 UTILITY GOVT WARD_16 16.502 80.631 GOVT_SERVI POST OFFICE 44 05 51182 CES GOVT WARD_22 16.502 80.627 GOVT_SERVI WARD SACHIVALAYAM 45 45 25785 CES GOVT WARD_22 16.499 80.631 GOVT_SERVI RATION SHOP 46 07 61321 CES GOVT WARD_22 16.500 80.633 GOVT_SERVI WARD SARCHAVALAYAM 101 47 67 3688 CES GOVT WARD_22

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LIST OF CRITICAL COMMUNITY FACILITIES AT KRISHNA FLOOD PRONE WARDS, VMC.

16.500 80.633 GOVT_SERVI WARD SARCHVALAYAM 84 48 51 51389 CES GOVT WARD_22 16.500 80.633 GOVT_SERVI SHELTHER FOR HOME LESS 49 51 51389 CES GOVT WARD_22 16.503 80.631 PRIVA SRI CHAITANYA SCHOOL 50 19 31179 EDUCATION TE WARD_22 RAVINDRA BHARATHI PUBLIC 16.503 80.627 PRIVA 51 SCHOOL 29 7115 EDUCATION TE WARD_22 16.501 80.630 PRIVA NAVA BHARATHI SCHOOL 52 46 71238 EDUCATION TE WARD_22 MIRMALA SHISHU BHAVAN HOME FOR ABONDEND 16.501 80.627 PRIVA 53 CHILDREN 81 56423 EDUCATION TE WARD_22 16.502 80.630 HOSPITALS PRIVA VIJAYADURGA HOMEO CLINIC 54 54 62232 AND CLINC TE WARD_22 16.501 80.630 HOSPITALS PRIVA SHARMILA CLINIC 55 32 10312 AND CLINC TE WARD_22 16.502 80.629 HOSPITALS PRIVA NIRIKSHANA FIRST AID CENTER 56 38 08888 AND CLINC TE WARD_22 16.500 80.630 HOSPITALS PRIVA KONDAREDDY RMP MEDICAL 57 93 61731 AND CLINC TE WARD_22 16.502 80.629 HOSPITALS PRIVA DR. KONDISHETTY SURESH BABU 58 26 03745 AND CLINC TE WARD_22 16.498 80.631 RELIGI SRI MAHASHAKITHI TEMPLE 59 68 5858 RELIGIOUS OUS WARD_22 16.498 80.632 RELIGI SRI GANGALAMA TEMPLE 60 31 06684 RELIGIOUS OUS WARD_22 16.501 80.627 RELIGI TANAKA DURGA TEMPLE 61 35 81621 RELIGIOUS OUS WARD_22 16.500 80.631 RELIGI POWERFUL GOD MINISTRIES 62 31 64725 RELIGIOUS OUS WARD_22 16.500 80.631 RELIGI INDIA PENTACOASTAL CHURCH 63 96 95519 RELIGIOUS OUS WARD_22 SCIO_CULTU VENKATALAKSHMI TIRUMALA 16.500 80.631 RAL PRIVA SAINATHA FUNCTION HALL 64 43 28274 FACILITIES TE WARD_22 16.507 80.624 GOVT_SERVI SANITARY DIVISION OFFICE 23 65 01 10682 CES GOVT WARD_23 16.504 80.622 GOVT_SERVI RATION DEPOT4 66 71 79692 CES GOVT WARD_23 16.502 80.626 GOVT_SERVI WARD SACHIVALAYAM 106 67 81 77486 CES GOVT WARD_23 16.501 80.627 GOVT_SERVI SANITARY DIVISION OFFICE 68 99 45181 CES GOVT WARD_23 16.502 80.624 GOVT_SERVI RATION DEPOT2 69 91 40202 CES GOVT WARD_23 16.506 80.623 GOVT_SERVI RATION DEPOT 70 96 589 CES GOVT WARD_23

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LIST OF CRITICAL COMMUNITY FACILITIES AT KRISHNA FLOOD PRONE WARDS, VMC.

DRAINAGE PUMPING STATION 16.502 80.627 GOVT_SERVI 71 KRISHNALANKA 01 43216 CES GOVT WARD_23 16.502 80.624 PRIVA SRI BHARATHI HIGH SCHOOL 72 57 29034 EDUCATION TE WARD_23 SMT.JETTI SURYANARAYANAMMA 16.505 80.624 PRIVA 73 STUDENTS HOSTEL 56 83831 EDUCATION TE WARD_23 16.503 80.623 PRAJA VAIDYASHALA 74 37 62802 EDUCATION GOVT WARD_23 POTTISRIRAMULU MUNICIPAL 16.502 80.627 75 HIGH SCHOOL 79 06953 EDUCATION GOVT WARD_23 MUNICIPAL SPECIAL PRIMARY 16.507 80.624 76 SCHOOL 01 09282 EDUCATION GOVT WARD_23 MIRMALA SHISHU BHAVAN HOME FOR ABONDEND 16.501 80.627 PRIVA 77 CHILDREN 81 56423 EDUCATION TE WARD_23 KRISHNA CHAITANYA SCHOOL 16.506 80.624 PRIVA 78 HIGH 24 10124 EDUCATION TE WARD_23 16.504 80.625 PRIVA KRISHNA CHAITANYA SCHOOL 79 46 90935 EDUCATION TE WARD_23 16.506 80.623 PRIVA IDEAL HIGH SCHOOL 80 47 84863 EDUCATION TE WARD_23 16.502 80.626 GOVERNMENT JUNIOR COLLEGE 81 61 55768 EDUCATION GOVT WARD_23 16.503 80.626 HOSPITALS PRIVA SRIVANI FIRST AID CENTER 82 46 76326 AND CLINC TE WARD_23 16.506 80.621 HOSPITALS PRIVA ROHITHA CLINIC DIABETIC 83 42 99638 AND CLINC TE WARD_23 16.503 80.623 HOSPITALS PRIVA PADMAVATHI CLINIC 84 21 88085 AND CLINC TE WARD_23 16.503 80.623 HOSPITALS PRIVA ML NAIDU CLINIC 85 38 61835 AND CLINC TE WARD_23 16.507 80.623 HOSPITALS PRIVA JANASEVA YURVEDA CLINIC 86 69 1332 AND CLINC TE WARD_23 16.506 80.623 HOSPITALS PRIVA CHANDRASHEKAR DISPENSARY 87 44 8493 AND CLINC TE WARD_23 16.506 80.622 HOSPITALS PRIVA APPLE DENTAL CARE 88 98 10255 AND CLINC TE WARD_23 16.506 80.626 RELIGI TEMPLE 89 19 43471 RELIGIOUS OUS WARD_23 16.503 80.626 RELIGI MASZID 90 38 7616 RELIGIOUS OUS WARD_23 16.505 80.623 RELIGI KODANDARAMASWAMI TEMPLE 91 25 18228 RELIGIOUS OUS WARD_23 16.501 80.625 RELIGI DAYANA MANDIR CHURCH 92 68 53559 RELIGIOUS OUS WARD_23 16.501 80.625 WATER TANK 93 78 23284 UTILITY GOVT WARD_23

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LIST OF CRITICAL COMMUNITY FACILITIES AT KRISHNA FLOOD PRONE WARDS, VMC.

SCIO_CULTU SRI VASAVI BHAVAN CULTURAL 16.506 80.623 RAL PRIVA CENTER 94 14 02954 FACILITIES TE WARD_23 SCIO_CULTU FUNCTION HALL 16.504 80.620 RAL PRIVA 95 6 69511 FACILITIES TE WARD_23 80.619 GOVT_SERVI WARD SACHIVALAYAM 111 96 16.507 35831 CES GOVT WARD_24 16.508 80.615 GOVT_SERVI BUS STATION 97 26 34928 CES GOVT WARD_24 16.509 80.612 GOVT_SERVI RAJIV GANDHI PARK 98 21 20831 CES GOVT WARD_24 MUNICIPAL CORPORATION 16.510 80.611 GOVT_SERVI 99 OFFICE 39 31575 CES GOVT WARD_24 16.507 80.621 PRIVA VISWAJYOTHI EM HIGH SCHOOL 100 66 82663 EDUCATION TE WARD_24 MUZHAFAR AHAMED MCUM & 16.508 80.618 101 EM UP SCHOOL 11 12067 EDUCATION GOVT WARD_24 MUNICIPAL HIGH SCHOOL, 16.506 80.620 102 SHIVASHANKARAPURAM 42 40912 EDUCATION GOVT WARD_24 16.508 80.620 ANGANWADI PRE SCHOOL 103 57 26364 EDUCATION GOVT WARD_24 SRI VENKATA RAMANA 16.508 80.618 HOSPITALS PRIVA 104 DISPENSARY 53 05333 AND CLINC TE WARD_24 16.508 80.619 HOSPITALS PRIVA SRI RAVINDRA CLINIC 105 94 50667 AND CLINC TE WARD_24 16.507 80.621 HOSPITALS PRIVA PRABHU CLINIC 106 77 34953 AND CLINC TE WARD_24 16.506 80.616 HOSPITALS PRIVA JAYALAKSHMI DISPENSARY 107 51 74567 AND CLINC TE WARD_24 16.507 80.621 HOSPITALS PRIVA DURGA MALLESWARI CLINIC 108 88 51553 AND CLINC TE WARD_24 16.505 80.621 HOSPITALS PRIVA CHARAN CLINIC 109 34 06222 AND CLINC TE WARD_24 16.505 80.620 RELIGI RAJARAJESWARI TEMPLE 110 16 60474 RELIGIOUS OUS WARD_24 HARE KRISHNA 16.506 80.621 RELIGI 111 EESHWARANANDA ASHRAMAM 11 52158 RELIGIOUS OUS WARD_24 GANGANAMMA AMMAVARI 16.506 80.620 RELIGI 112 TEMPLE 68 05808 RELIGIOUS OUS WARD_24 BALA ANNAMAPERANTALA 16.507 80.619 PRIVA 113 TEMPLE 71 37781 RELIGIOUS TE WARD_24 16.506 80.618 PUBLIC TOILETS 114 27 37717 UTILITY GOVT WARD_24 SCIO_CULTU GOKARAJU LAILAGANGARAJU 16.506 80.618 RAL SWARGAPURI 115 25 28135 FACILITIES GOVT WARD_24

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LIST OF CRITICAL COMMUNITY FACILITIES AT KRISHNA FLOOD PRONE WARDS, VMC.

SCIO_CULTU DHOBIKANA 16.506 80.619 RAL 116 7 97174 FACILITIES GOVT WARD_24 VASNTA MALLIKARJUNA 16.514 80.607 RELIGI 117 DEVALAYAM 65 99074 RELIGIOUS OUS WARD_25 16.521 80.601 GOVT_SERVI SACHIVALAYAM 118 83 4578 CES GOVT WARD_26 INDIAN POST_PAYMENTS 16.523 80.600 GOVT_SERVI 119 BANK_KAMAKOTINAGAR BR 4 59933 CES GOVT WARD_26 SRI MILAPALLI POLICE 16.521 80.601 GOVT_SERVI 120 SCHOOL(SMPMCES) 65 52922 CES GOVT WARD_26 BEJAWADA RAJARAO HIGH 16.528 80.600 121 SCHOOL 99 40588 EDUCATION GOVT WARD_26 16.526 80.601 RK HIGH SCHOOL 122 86 02203 EDUCATION GOVT WARD_26 16.527 80.604 PRIVA RAVINDRABHARATHI SCHOOL 123 83 50756 EDUCATION TE WARD_26 16.528 80.602 PRIVA KC HIGH SCHOOL 124 87 40077 EDUCATION TE WARD_26 16.528 80.602 PRIVA GANESH ACADEMY 125 03 32391 EDUCATION TE WARD_26 16.520 80.602 PRIVA DSMC HIGH SCHOOL 126 7 70336 EDUCATION TE WARD_26 16.521 80.601 PRIMERY URDU SCHOOL 127 69 4998 EDUCATION GOVT WARD_26 16.527 80.604 HOSPITALS PRIVA RAVI HOSPITALS 128 36 4245 AND CLINC TE WARD_26 16.521 80.601 HOSPITALS PRIVA BHARANI DENTAL HOSPITAL 129 52 4599 AND CLINC TE WARD_26 16.525 80.602 RELIGI SRI ASTAKSHARI AASRAMAM 130 71 71006 RELIGIOUS OUS WARD_26 KIRANA 16.521 80.601 RELIGI 131 MERCHANTKAYANAMANDAPAM 71 4827 RELIGIOUS OUS WARD_26 16.524 80.600 RELIGI SANKARA MATTAM 132 58 78985 RELIGIOUS OUS WARD_26 KATANA PARAMESWARI 16.522 80.602 RELIGI 133 KALPANA MANDAPAM 12 03096 RELIGIOUS OUS WARD_26 16.522 80.593 GOVT_SERVI SACHIVALAYAM 134 51 9529 CES GOVT WARD_27 16.525 80.598 GOVT_SERVI AP STATE TAX OFFICE 135 45 44703 CES GOVT WARD_27 16.520 80.599 GOVT_SERVI BHAVANI ILAND PARK 136 18 05798 CES GOVT WARD_27 16.524 80.595 GOVT_SERVI BANK CENTER 137 69 24229 CES GOVT WARD_27 AP COST REGIONAL SCIENCE 16.520 80.597 GOVT_SERVI 138 CENTER 55 1946 CES GOVT WARD_27 16.520 80.599 GOVT_SERVI BHAVANI ILAND PARK 139 18 04432 CES GOVT WARD_27

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LIST OF CRITICAL COMMUNITY FACILITIES AT KRISHNA FLOOD PRONE WARDS, VMC.

16.525 80.595 SKSRMC PRIMARY SCHOOL 140 56 62182 EDUCATION GOVT WARD_27 16.526 80.598 PRIVA TTIAA HIGH SCHOOL 141 58 23371 EDUCATION TE WARD_27 16.523 80.592 S.M.A URDU SCHOOL 142 94 59336 EDUCATION GOVT WARD_27 16.527 80.594 HOSPITALS PRIVA LATA HOSPITAL 143 34 87156 AND CLINC TE WARD_27 16.523 80.597 HOSPITALS PRIVA SURYA CHILDREN HOSPITAL 144 68 3775 AND CLINC TE WARD_27 16.525 80.599 RELIGI ANNAPURNA CHARITABLE TRUST 145 86 69383 RELIGIOUS OUS WARD_27

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