DOCSLIB.ORG

Child Soldiers Children’S Rights

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Child Soldiers Children’S Rights Genocide Conflict & Migration The drafting of the Universal 20th-century Areas of Concern ISRAEL and PALESTINIAN IRAQ The sectarian AFGHANISTAN Civilians BURMA The military junta Declaration of Human Rights Genocides TERRITORIES Thousands violence that erupted have been dying as the is ruthless in its oppression was in part a reaction to the Countries experiencing of civilians have died in the following the fall of result of conflict in the of ethnic minority groups, systematic mass killing and horrors of the Holocaust. The 1914 1.5m Armenians, victims of decades-long conflict Saddam Hussein’s regime country for decades, but political opponents and –18 atrocities that could develop between Palestinian militia in 2003 has resulted in the since 2001 thousands urge to prevent genocide is Ottoman Turkey Buddhist monks. The into genocide groups and the Israeli death of nearly 100,000 have been killed by refusal of the government thus one of the central 2009 army, either deliberately or civilians, the majority of Taliban action, or as the to allow international aid elements of the modern human as “collateral damage” in them deliberately targeted result of military action by agencies to enter the rights movement. the targeting of military by opposing religious NATO forces. country following Cyclone opponents. factions. Nargis in 2008 led to the Which atrocities may legitimately unnecessary deaths of be considered as “genocide” is 1932 3m Ukrainians, victims of untold thousands of frequently a matter of dispute. –33 Stalin’s Soviet Union civilians. CHAD Since 2005, Defining an ongoing conflict as Sudan-backed militias genocidal places a legal obligation 1937 300,000 Chinese in Nanjing, have killed thousands of –38 on the UN to take action and is victims of Japanese Imperial Zaghawas and Fur. thus a heavily politicized issue. Army Defining a prior conflict as 6m Jews, victims of Nazi SOMALIA The effective genocidal has implications for 1941 Germany disintegration of the state –45 has left civilians relations between states and the 650,000 Serbs, Jews and Roma unprotected against the claims of victims’ descendants to in the Balkans, victims of the atrocities inflicted on them reparation. Croatian Ustache by armed groups and Holocaust denial is illegal in 10 criminal gangs. European states, including Austria, France, Germany and Poland. By 1962 200,000 Mayan Indians, victims contrast, in Turkey it is illegal to –96 of Guatemalan government forces claim that the death of 1.5 million Armenians in 1914–18 was an act of genocide. 3m Bangladeshis, victims of DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE 1971 Pakistan forces in what was CONGO Decades of conflict What the law says... then East Pakistan between war-lord militia has 100,000 Hutus, victims of the resulted in the death of at least SUDAN Since 2004, live in makeshift shelters or Genocide refers to any of the 1972 Tutsi-dominated Burundi regime 2.5 million civilians, many of them government-backed Arab refugee camps. Although SRI LANKA The civil war sides. Communities were following acts committed with deliberately targeted by different militia, the Janjaweed, have the USA has declared this to between Tamil Tiger rebels devastated – their intent to destroy, in whole or 3m Cambodians, victims of Pol ethnic factions. Over 1.5 million 1975 waged war on ethnic be a campaign of genocide, and the Sri Lankan inhabitants killed or driven in part, a national, ethnic, –79 Pot’s Khmer Rouge regime displaced people are living in Africans in the region of the UN has declined to government army ended in out, the buildings racial or religious group, camps, as are nearly 370,000 Darfur, killing at least classify it as such on the 2009 with the defeat of the destroyed and the fields including: (a) killing members 1975 300,000 East Timorese, victims refugees who have fled conflict in 400,000 and driving basis of a 2005 report that rebels. During the conflict, strewn with unexploded –90s of the group, (b) causing of political repression neighbouring countries. hundreds of thousands concluded that genocidal atrocities were committed ordnance. Thousands of serious bodily or mental harm more from their homes to intent was lacking. against civilians by both people simply disappeared. to members of the group, (c) deliberately inflicting on the 200,000 Kurds, victims of 1986 Saddam Hussain’s campaign group conditions of life –89 calculated to bring about its against Kurds in Iraq physical destruction in whole or in part, (d) imposing …in the measures intended to prevent 1993 50,000 Tutsis, victims of 20th century births within the group, (e) Hutu-dominated Burundi regime forcibly transferring children of 72.5 million deaths the group to another group. 1994 800,000 mostly Tutsis, victims of resulted from Hutu massacres in Rwanda genocides… UN Convention on the Prevention and 8,000 Bosnian Muslims, killed Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, 1995 1948, Article 2 in Srebrenica by Serb forces 48 14–15 Major Human Rights Conventions 49 Refugees, IDPs & Stateless Conflict & Migration Internally Displaced Refugees Persons (IDPs) end 2008 RUSSIA end 2008 RUSSIA ICELAND RUSSIA BOSNIA- NORWAY FINLAND HERZEGOVINA SERBIA CANADA CROATIA SWEDEN ESTONIA Iraqi refugees GEORGIA AZERBAIJAN DENMARK LATVIA 1.9 million UK AFGHANISTAN RUSSIA LITHUANIA IRAQ IRELAND Country of refuge NETH. POLAND BELARUS PAKISTAN GERMANY BEL. CZ. UKRAINE KAZAKHSTAN Syria 59% REP. SL. MONGOLIA LUX. MOLDOVA BURMA AUS. HUN. Jordan 27% FRANCE SWITZ. SL. ROM. CHAD YEMEN USA CRO. B-H SERB. UZBEKISTAN NORTH other 14% SUDAN BUL. GEORGIA KYRGYZSTAN MONT. KOREA JAPAN ALB. ARMENIA AZER. CENTRAL SOMALIA SPAIN MAC. TURKMEN. PORTUGAL ITALY TURKEY SOUTH COLOMBIA AFRICAN REP. SRI LANKA TAJIKISTAN CÔTE UGANDA GREECE KOREA DEM. D’IVOIRE KENYA TUNISIA CYPRUS SYRIA REP. OF MALTA LEB. AFGHANISTAN CONGO BURUNDI IRAQ IRAN C HIN A MOROCCO ISRAEL Tibet JORDAN PALESTINIAN TERRITORIES KUWAIT PAKISTAN BHUTAN EAST TIMOR ALGERIA NEPAL MEXICO LIBYA BAHRAIN CUBA WESTERN EGYPT QATAR SAHARA UAE HAITI DOMINICAN REP. SAUDI BANGLADESH PUERTO RICO ARABIA INDIA BELIZE BURMA LAOS JAMAICA MAURITANIA MALI OMAN Refugees and IDPs are a VIETNAM Refugees and IDPs GUATEMALA HONDURAS NIGER THAILAND PHILIPPINES EL SALVADOR GRENADA ST LUCIA SENEGAL ERITREA YEMEN NICARAGUA GAMBIA CHAD barometer of political Official refugees, people in ST VINCENT & GRENADINES BURKINA SUDAN Afghan refugees GUINEA- FASO DJIBOUTI CAMBODIA TRINIDAD & TOBAGO GUINEA COSTA RICA BISSAU N VENEZUELA I 2.8 million instability and continuing refugee-like situations PANAMA NIGERIA CÔTE EN A GUYANA AN ETHIOPIA SRI LANKA SIERRA LEONE B D’IVOIRE TOGO CENTRAL Country of refuge SURINAME GH and internally displaced people LIBERIA AFRICAN REP. BRUNEI systematic persecution. COLOMBIA FRENCH GUIANA CAMEROON MALDIVES M A L A Y S I A Pakistan 64% by country of origin EQUATORIAL UGANDA SOMALIA GUINEA SINGAPORE Their prevalence and KENYA Iran 33% end 2008 ECUADOR GABON DEM. REP. OF RWANDA other 3% geographical origin and CONGO CONGO BURUNDI 1 million or more PERU INDONESI A PAPUA distribution bears witness to the TANZANIA NEW B RAZIL GUINEA 100,000 – 999,999 Colombian refugees dramatically different conditions ANGOLA EAST TIMOR 10,000 – 99,999 367,000 ZAMBIA MALAWI experienced by populations of Country of refuge MADAGASCAR 1,000 – 9,999 BOLIVIA ZIMBABWE industrialized and developing Venezuela 55% NAMIBIA Somali refugees BOTSWANA FIJI fewer than 1,000 Ecuador 27% PARAGUAY MOZAMBIQUE 529,000 countries. USA 7% Country of refuge AUSTRALI A no data SWAZILAND CHILE Refugees and internally other 11% ARGENTINA SOUTH LESOTHO Kenya 49% AFRICA Yemen 25% displaced people (IDPs) are those URUGUAY Dem Rep Congo 341,000 Ethiopia 6% forced to leave their homes or country as a result of armed conflict, Country of refuge Sudanese refugees – 389,404 UK 6% Country of refuge political repression, persecution and systematic discrimination. Refugees Tanzania 23% other 14% Chad 69% are defined as those seeking political refuge and asylum outside their Uganda 22% NEW Rwanda 15% Uganda 15% ZEALAND country of nationality, whereas IDPs have remained within their country Zambia 14% Kenya 7% of residence. Burundi 6% Ethiopia 6% other 20% Egypt 3% Worldwide, there are an estimated 15 million stateless people – those not recognized as citizens by any national authority. Typically, only citizens are able to access their fundamental rights, and the rights of What the law says... FINLAND Stateless ESTONIA RUSSI A stateless people are therefore in permanent jeopardy. According to the SWEDEN LATVIA Persons not The term “refugee” shall apply DENMARK UNHCR, statelessness has several distinct causes, including RUSSIA LITHUANIA considered nationals to any person who, owing to NETH. BELARUS GERMANY discrimination against minority groups in nationality legislation, failure to well-founded fear of being UKRAINE KAZAKHSTAN by any state FRANCE MOLDOVA end 2008 include all residents in the body of citizens when a state becomes persecuted for reasons of race, SLOVENIA SERBIA AZERBAIJAN KYRGYZSTAN B-H GEORGIA JAPAN religion, nationality, MAC. TURKMENISTAN independent (state succession), and conflicts of laws between states. MONT. TURKEY 100,000 – 800,000 membership of a particular SYRIA The fundamental obstacles to achieving genuinely durable solutions to IRAQ social group or political 10,000 – 99,999 KUWAIT this particular human rights concern are continuing political instability NEPAL 1,000 – 9,999 opinion, is outside the country QATAR and discrimination in those countries producing the highest numbers
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Matter of Comparison: the Holocaust, Genocides and Crimes Against Humanity an Analysis and Overview of Comparative Literature and Programs
    O C A U H O L S T L E A C N O N I T A A I N R L E T L N I A R E E M C E M B R A N A Matter Of Comparison: The Holocaust, Genocides and Crimes Against Humanity An Analysis And Overview Of Comparative Literature and Programs Koen Kluessien & Carse Ramos December 2018 International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance A Matter of Comparison About the IHRA The International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (IHRA) is an intergovernmental body whose purpose is to place political and social leaders’ support behind the need for Holocaust education, remembrance and research both nationally and internationally. The IHRA (formerly the Task Force for International Cooperation on Holocaust Education, Remembrance and Research, or ITF) was initiated in 1998 by former Swedish Prime Minister Göran Persson. Persson decided to establish an international organisation that would expand Holocaust education worldwide, and asked former president Bill Clinton and former British prime minister Tony Blair to join him in this effort. Persson also developed the idea of an international forum of governments interested in discussing Holocaust education, which took place in Stockholm between 27–29 January 2000. The Forum was attended by the representatives of 46 governments including; 23 Heads of State or Prime Ministers and 14 Deputy Prime Ministers or Ministers. The Declaration of the Stockholm International Forum on the Holocaust was the outcome of the Forum’s deliberations and is the foundation of the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance. The IHRA currently has 31 Member Countries, 10 Observer Countries and seven Permanent International Partners.
    [Show full text]
  • Christians and Jews in Muslim Societies
    Arabic and its Alternatives Christians and Jews in Muslim Societies Editorial Board Phillip Ackerman-Lieberman (Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA) Bernard Heyberger (EHESS, Paris, France) VOLUME 5 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/cjms Arabic and its Alternatives Religious Minorities and Their Languages in the Emerging Nation States of the Middle East (1920–1950) Edited by Heleen Murre-van den Berg Karène Sanchez Summerer Tijmen C. Baarda LEIDEN | BOSTON Cover illustration: Assyrian School of Mosul, 1920s–1930s; courtesy Dr. Robin Beth Shamuel, Iraq. This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC 4.0 license, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided no alterations are made and the original author(s) and source are credited. Further information and the complete license text can be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ The terms of the CC license apply only to the original material. The use of material from other sources (indicated by a reference) such as diagrams, illustrations, photos and text samples may require further permission from the respective copyright holder. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Murre-van den Berg, H. L. (Hendrika Lena), 1964– illustrator. | Sanchez-Summerer, Karene, editor. | Baarda, Tijmen C., editor. Title: Arabic and its alternatives : religious minorities and their languages in the emerging nation states of the Middle East (1920–1950) / edited by Heleen Murre-van den Berg, Karène Sanchez, Tijmen C. Baarda. Description: Leiden ; Boston : Brill, 2020. | Series: Christians and Jews in Muslim societies, 2212–5523 ; vol.
    [Show full text]
  • Strangers at Home: North Koreans in the South
    STRANGERS AT HOME: NORTH KOREANS IN THE SOUTH Asia Report N°208 – 14 July 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................... i I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1 II. CHANGING POLICIES TOWARDS DEFECTORS ................................................... 2 III. LESSONS FROM KOREAN HISTORY ........................................................................ 5 A. COLD WAR USES AND ABUSES .................................................................................................... 5 B. CHANGING GOVERNMENT ATTITUDES ......................................................................................... 8 C. A CHANGING NATION .................................................................................................................. 9 IV. THE PROBLEMS DEFECTORS FACE ...................................................................... 11 A. HEALTH ..................................................................................................................................... 11 1. Mental health ............................................................................................................................. 11 2. Physical health ........................................................................................................................... 12 B. LIVELIHOODS ............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Entanglements of Modernity, Colonialism and Genocide Burundi and Rwanda in Historical-Sociological Perspective
    UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS Entanglements of Modernity, Colonialism and Genocide Burundi and Rwanda in Historical-Sociological Perspective Jack Dominic Palmer University of Leeds School of Sociology and Social Policy January 2017 Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy ii The candidate confirms that the work submitted is their own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. ©2017 The University of Leeds and Jack Dominic Palmer. The right of Jack Dominic Palmer to be identified as Author of this work has been asserted by Jack Dominic Palmer in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would firstly like to thank Dr Mark Davis and Dr Tom Campbell. The quality of their guidance, insight and friendship has been a huge source of support and has helped me through tough periods in which my motivation and enthusiasm for the project were tested to their limits. I drew great inspiration from the insightful and constructive critical comments and recommendations of Dr Shirley Tate and Dr Austin Harrington when the thesis was at the upgrade stage, and I am also grateful for generous follow-up discussions with the latter. I am very appreciative of the staff members in SSP with whom I have worked closely in my teaching capacities, as well as of the staff in the office who do such a great job at holding the department together.
    [Show full text]
  • Iraq and the Kurds: the Brewing Battle Over Kirkuk
    IRAQ AND THE KURDS: THE BREWING BATTLE OVER KIRKUK Middle East Report N°56 – 18 July 2006 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS................................................. i I. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1 II. COMPETING CLAIMS AND POSITIONS................................................................ 2 A. THE KURDISH NARRATIVE....................................................................................................3 B. THE TURKOMAN NARRATIVE................................................................................................4 C. THE ARAB NARRATIVE .........................................................................................................5 D. THE CHRISTIAN NARRATIVE .................................................................................................6 III. IRAQ’S POLITICAL TRANSITION AND KIRKUK ............................................... 7 A. USES OF THE KURDS’ NEW POWER .......................................................................................7 B. THE PACE OF “NORMALISATION”........................................................................................11 IV. OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS................................................................ 16 A. THE KURDS.........................................................................................................................16 B. THE TURKOMANS ...............................................................................................................19
    [Show full text]
  • Indonesia: Debate Over a New Intelligence Bill
    Update Briefing Asia Briefing N°124 Jakarta/Brussels, 12 July 2011 Indonesia: Debate over a New Intelligence Bill shelved. Subsequent efforts by the government to revive I. OVERVIEW the bill in 2004 and 2006 encountered similar opposition. A controversial bill defining the role and functions of The law now under discussion, drafted in late 2010, had a Indonesian intelligence agencies has top priority in the more constructive genesis, as it was the initiative of a few Indonesian parliament. It was originally scheduled for en- newly elected legislators with intelligence backgrounds actment in July 2011 but will now be delayed until Sep- who were concerned that BIN was the only major security tember or October. It would be better to put the bill on hold agency in the post-Soeharto era to lack a supporting legal even longer until there is a more comprehensive assess- framework. They wanted better coordination among secu- ment of security needs and how to address them. rity agencies, more information-sharing and more safe- guards against rogue activities. The controversy centres around three issues: whether the State Intelligence Agency (Badan Intelijen Negara, BIN) Civil society groups were concerned about the historic lack should have arrest and detention powers; whether wire- of accountability in BIN, as in other security agencies, and tapping and other intercepts should require a court order; wanted more judicial and parliamentary oversight. They and how to ensure oversight and accountability mechanisms also wanted major structural changes and staffing restricted consistent with democratic governance. The administra- to civilians, except in the military intelligence body.
    [Show full text]
  • Strassler Center for Holocaust & Genocide
    STRASSLER CENTER FOR HOLOCAUST & GENOCIDE STUDIES AT CLARK UNIVERSITY 2015 2016 YEAR END REPORT 603064.indd 1 11/30/16 7:39 AM Whoever fails to increase knowledge, decreases knowledge. – the wisdom of the sages Tsitsernakaberd Memorial Complex to the Armenian Genocide, Yerevan, Armenia. 603064.indd 2 11/30/16 7:39 AM Dear Friends, As I write my final letter as Director of the Strassler Center, the it true? To Abe’s credit, he checked and got back to say indeed it words of the renowned Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis was. And to my credit, I had been a true reporter. reverberate. “Most of the things worth doing in the world had been That man was David Strassler, then president of the board of declared impossible before they were done.” In the case of a Cen- trustees of Clark University. He brought the matter to the attention ter for Holocaust and Genocide Studies, no one had declared it of then president Dick Traina. And thus, when two brothers, Sid- impossible – because no one had contemplated it at all. No such ney and Ralph Rose, walked into President Traina’s office prepared institution was on anyone’s mental map, to make a gift in memory of their relatives but mine. And it was my good fortune to murdered by the Germans in Lida, Poland, meet David Strassler and communicate he asked them if they would consider sup- that vision to him. porting the nation’s first fulltime, fully Warsaw. July 1993. The Jewish Foun- endowed professorship in Holocaust His- dation for Christian Rescuers (now the Jew- tory, indeed the first such chair outside of ish Foundation for the Righteous) hosted a Israel.
    [Show full text]
  • Wilshire Area Residents Are on the Stump
    BEVERLYPRESS.COM INSIDE • New Beverly Hills mayor. pg. 3 Partly cloudy, with highs up • WeHo expands to 80 this public safety weekend program pg. 4 Volume 29 No. 13 Serving the Beverly Hills, West Hollywood, Hancock Park and Wilshire Communities March 28, 2019 Price of oil in Beverly Hills Wilshire area residents are on the stump n City, school district at odds over funding the n plugging of oil wells at the high school campus Windsor Village resident’s idea helps By luke harold now approximately $21-26 million. The city and school district clear the way for new Faced with an increased estimate planned on splitting the first esti- trees to be planted for plugging oil wells at Beverly mate by paying $4 million each. In Hills High School, Beverly Hills a letter to Superintendent Michael By edwin folven school board members rejected a Bregy, Beverly Hills Public Works proposal from the city for how the Director Shana Epstein said the city To Windsor Village resident two sides will divide the costs. offered to fund up to $8 million as Julie Stromberg, a member of the An original estimate of $8 mil- costs began to rise. Greater Wilshire Neighborhood lion provided two years ago, estab- “From the beginning, the city Council who also recently fin- lished after the company that leased ished two years of service on City the wells filed for bankruptcy, is See Plugging page 21 Councilman David Ryu’s Discretionary Funds Task Force, trees are a critically-important component of the city’s land- scape and environmental health.
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparative Study of the Assyrian and Guatemalan Genocides
    UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones 5-1-2015 A Comparative Study of the Assyrian and Guatemalan Genocides Bernadette Mary Lazar University of Nevada, Las Vegas Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations Part of the Islamic World and Near East History Commons, Latin American Studies Commons, Near and Middle Eastern Studies Commons, Peace and Conflict Studies Commons, and the Political Science Commons Repository Citation Lazar, Bernadette Mary, "A Comparative Study of the Assyrian and Guatemalan Genocides" (2015). UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones. 2373. http://dx.doi.org/10.34917/7645938 This Thesis is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Scholarship@UNLV with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Thesis in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Thesis has been accepted for inclusion in UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones by an authorized administrator of Digital Scholarship@UNLV. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE ASSYRIAN AND GUATEMALAN GENOCIDES By Bernadette M. Lazar Bachelor of Arts - Political Science University of Nevada, Las Vegas 2010 A thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Arts - Political Science Department of Political Science College of Liberal Arts The Graduate College University of Nevada, Las Vegas May 2015 We recommend the thesis prepared under our supervision by Bernadette M.
    [Show full text]
  • Genocidal Gender and Sexual Violence the Legacy of the ICTR, Rwanda’S Ordinary Courts and Gacaca Courts
    GENOCIDAL GENDER AND SEXUAL VIOLENCE The legacy of the ICTR, Rwanda’s ordinary courts and gacaca courts Cover illustration: Francisco De Goya (1746-1828), Etching, Plate 52 from ‘Los desastres de la guerra’ Typesetting: G.J. Wiarda Institue for Legal Research, Utrecht University A commercial edition of this dissertation will be published by Intersentia in the Series Supranational Criminal Law: Capita Saelecta, Vol. 17 under ISBN 978-1-78068-210-5 Genocidal Gender and Sexual Violence The legacy of the ICTR, Rwanda’s ordinary courts and gacaca courts Gendergerelateerd en seksueel geweld als genocide De erfenis van het ICTR, Rwanda’s gewone rechtbanken en gacaca rechtbanken Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit Utrecht op gezag van de rector magnificus, prof. dr. G.J. van der Zwaan, ingevolge het besluit van het college voor promoties in het openbaar te verdedigen op woensdag 18 december 2013 des middags te 12.45 uur door Usta Kaitesi geboren op 5 augustus 1975 te Kampala, Uganda Promotor: Prof. mr. J.E. Goldschmidt Co-promotor: Dr. R.H. Haveman Financial support for this PhD thesis was provided by the Centre for International Legal Cooperation (CILC). To my dearest friend and husband Richard, and to our girls. Because of your enjoyable love, patience, self-sacrifice, unwavering support and the smiles you bring. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The fortunate aspect behind the completion of this study was the opportunity to work with two excellent mentors, Jenny Goldschmidt and Roelof Haveman; your guidance, support and the opportunity to grow academically is sincerely appreciated. I have learnt enormously from your valuable suggestions, perspectives, academic supervision, character and personality; I would not have wished for more.
    [Show full text]
  • “Native Christians Massacred”: the Ottoman Genocide of the Assyrians During World War I
    Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal Volume 1 Issue 3 Article 8 December 2006 “Native Christians Massacred”: The Ottoman Genocide of the Assyrians during World War I Hannibal Travis Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/gsp Recommended Citation Travis, Hannibal (2006) "“Native Christians Massacred”: The Ottoman Genocide of the Assyrians during World War I," Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal: Vol. 1: Iss. 3: Article 8. Available at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/gsp/vol1/iss3/8 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Access Journals at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal by an authorized editor of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ‘‘Native Christians Massacred’’: The Ottoman Genocide of the Assyrians during World War I Hannibal Travis Florida International University College of Law The Ottoman Empire’s widespread persecution of Assyrian civilians during World War I constituted a form of genocide, the present-day term for an attempt to destroy a national, ethnic, or religious group, in whole or in part. Ottoman soldiers and their Kurdish and Persian militia partners subjected hundreds of thousands of Assyrians to a deliberate and systematic campaign of massacre, torture, abduction, deportation, impoverishment, and cultural and ethnic destruction. Established principles of international law outlawed this war of extermination against Ottoman Christian civilians before it was embarked upon, and ample evidence of genocidal intent has surfaced in the form of admissions by Ottoman officials. Nevertheless, the international community has been hesitant to recognize the Assyrian experience as a form of genocide.
    [Show full text]
  • JWW 2019 Financial Statements
    JEWISH WORLD WATCH (A California Nonprofit Public Benefit Corporation) FINANCIAL STATEMENTS December 31, 2019 C O N T E N T S Pages INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT 1 – 2 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS: Statement of Financial Position 3 Statement of Activities and Changes in Net Assets 4 Statement of Functional Expenses 5 Statement of Cash Flows 6 Notes to Financial Statements 7 – 14 Independent Auditor’s Report To the Board of Directors Jewish World Watch Encino, California We have audited the accompanying financial statements of Jewish World Watch (a California nonprofit public benefit corporation), which comprises the statement of financial position as of December 31, 2019, and the related statements of activities and changes in net assets, functional expenses, and cash flows for the year then ended, and the related notes to the financial statements. Management’s Responsibility for the Financial Statements Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of these financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America; this includes the design, implementation, and maintenance of internal control relevant to the preparation and fair presentation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. Auditor’s Responsibility Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audit. We conducted our audit in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free from material misstatement. An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements.
    [Show full text]